句子的成分、结构和基本句型
句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。
一.英语的句子成分：
（一）主语：
Walls have ears. ( )
He will take you to the hospital. （）
To see is to believe. （）
Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （）
（二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。
My father is a professor. ( )
Who's that? It's me. ( )
Everything here is expensive. ( )
The match became very exciting.( )
The story of my life may be of help to others.( )
Three times five is fifteen. ( )
His plan is to seek work in the city. ( )
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。
She covered her face with her hands.( )
We haven't seen her for a long time. ( )
Do you mind opening the window? ( )
Give me four please. ( )
He wants to dream a nice dream. ( )
We need to know what others are doing. ( )
We should care more about our friends. ( )
（五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。
The play has three acts. ( )
This is her first trip to Europe. ( )
They are women workers. （）
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （）
China is a developing country. ( )
I have nothing to eat. ( )
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( )
（六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。
The best fish swim near the bottom. ( )
I left the village five years ago. ( )
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( )
We'll send a car to fetch you. ( )
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( )
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( )
If he goes, so will I . ( )
Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( )
（七）宾语补足语
英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。
They elected me captain of the team. ( )
We try to make our country strong. ( )
We found everything in good order there. ( )
I should advise you to get the chance. ( )
I saw him going upstairs. ( )
（八）主语补足语如果上述结构变成被动语态，原宾语成为主语，原宾语补足语相应地变为主语补足语
I was elected captain of the team.
Our country will be made strong.
二、简单句的五种基本句型
只含一个主谓结构的句子（有时有并列主语或并列谓语动词）叫做简单句。
1. 主语+ 不及物动词( S + V )
The time passed quickly.
2. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语( S + V +O )
We have planted a lot of trees in our hometown.
3. 主语+ 系动词+ 表语( S + V + C )
Computers are useful in people’s life.
4. 主语+ 及物动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语( S + V + IO + DO )
He bought me a birthday present.
5. 主语+ 及物动词+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语( S + V + O + C )
Miss Wang told me not to be discouraged.
6. There be 句型
There was an old man sitting there.
英语的基本句型练习
1.主语+ 系动词+ 表语
1）Our city is at the crossing of some important railways.
2）The city will become rich.
在这类结构中最常用的系动词是：
“变化”类：become, get, grow, turn, go等
“感官”类: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等
“持续”类：remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等2．主语+ 谓语
1）Building has started.
2）The train leaves at 7:40.
3．主语+ 谓语+ 宾语
1）The boss employed five more workers.
2）My brother takes care of the vegetable garden.
3）Few students like taking exams
4）He forgot to close the door.
5）I hope I can speak English fluently.
_4．主语+ 谓语+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语
1）He has fetched us some new textbooks.
2）Grandma cooked us a nice meal.
3）The man told the girl that he wants to test her the subject.
4）The boy asked me if I could speak Chinese.
可接双宾语的常见动词有：ask, answer, give, offer, send, bring, pass, tell, show, teach, promise
5．主语+ 谓语+ 宾语+ 宾语补足语
1）The villagers didn’t allow them to do this.
2）I will keep the box in the shade.
3）We found him a very good pupil.
4）She let me stay in the company.
5）We kept the room clean.
6）We heard the girl singing the song
. 7）He got his hair cut short.
二、句子的基本分类
1、按使用目的，句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。
1）陈述句：说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如：Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。（说明事实）
The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味。（说明看法）
2）疑问句：提出问题。有以下四种：
a. 一般疑问句：
Can you finish the work in time?
b. 特殊疑问句：
Where do you live?
c. 选择疑问句：
Do you want tea or coffee?
d. 反意疑问句：
He doesn't know her, does he?
3）祈使句：提出请求，建议或发出命令。例如：Don't be nervous!
4）感叹句：表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如：What good news it is!
2、按其结构，句子可以分为以下三类：
1）简单句：只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如：
①1. Things changed.
②Trees are green.
③. We don’t like children.
2）并列句：包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句，句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如：The food was good, but he had little appetite.
3）复合句：包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句，从句由从属连词引导。例如：
The film had begun when we got to the cinema.
英语音标发音表英语国际音标共48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。
国际音标（英语语音）
元音单元音[i:] [i] [e] [?] [?][?:] [?] [u:] [u] [??] [?] [a:]
双元音[ei] [ai] [?i] [?u] [au] [i?] [ε?] [u?]
辅音清辅音[p] [t] [k] [f] [s] [?] [θ] [?] [tr] [ts] [r] [h]
浊辅音[b] [d] [g] [v] [z] [?] [e] [d?] [ dr] [dz]
鼻音（浊辅音）[m] [n] [?]
舌则音（浊辅音）[l]
半元音（浊辅音）[w] [j]
Word spelling.
1. We must take a s_________(科学的) approach to the problem.
2. The debate did not come to a c________ until midnight.
3.I was very much pleased by your _________（分析）of the situation.
4.The old man was utterly ________(吸引) in the book.
5. We are suffering from a s________ shortage of fuel.
6. I turned the h________ and opened the door.
7. The vote was completed. The chairman a
_____________ the result.
8.He i_______(要求命令) me to deliver it to a customer.
9.The scientist often _________(做贡献)to an academic journal.
10. He is an engineer trained in highway c_________.
11.Are you p_______(确信的)that you saw him?
12. He is very s________ with his students.
13.The board _________（拒绝）all our ideas.
14.The boss is _________(小心谨慎的) about making promises.
15. But he became i________ when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
16.It seemed the water was to ________(责备)
Word spelling.
1. We must take a s_________(科学的) approach to the problem.
2. The debate did not come to a c________ until midnight.
3.I was very much pleased by your _________（分析）of the situation.
4.The old man was utterly ________(吸引) in the book.
5. We are suffering from a s________ shortage of fuel.
6. I turned the h________ and opened the door.
7. The vote was completed. The chairman a
_____________ the result.
8.He i_______(要求命令) me to deliver it to a customer.
9.The scientist often _________(做贡献)to an academic journal.
10. He is an engineer trained in highway c_________.
11.Are you p_______(确信的)that you saw him?
12. He is very s________ with his students.
13.The board _________（拒绝）all our ideas.
14.The boss is _________(小心谨慎的) about making promises.
15. But he became i________ when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
16.It seemed the water was to ________(责备)
、
句子成分 英语句子成分有主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，表语，定语，状语等。 顺序一般是主语，谓语，宾语，宾语补足语，而表语，定语，状语的位置要根据情况而定。 1、主语：表示句子主要说明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： Country music has become more and more popular.（名词） We often speak English in class.（代词） One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词） The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词） When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句） It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） 2、谓语：谓语说明主语的动作，状态或特征。可以有不同的时态，语态和语气。We study for the people. I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing. 3、表语: 它位于系动词(比如be)之后，说明主语身份、特征、属性或状态。 My sister is a nurse. （名词） Is it yours?（代词） The weather has turned cold.（形容词） The speech is exciting.（分词） Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） His job is to teach English.（不定式） His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
句子的成分和基本句型 句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.(不定式短语)学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名
词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.(名词)汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. (代词)昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. (不定式短语)他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.(名词)我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.(介词短语)他们在家里。 She got angry. (形容词)她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.(数词)她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语 ?She is happy． ?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ?She gave John a book． ?She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry． ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?（There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名／代－－动词－－名／代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.
?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
五种基本句型及句子成分的分析五种基本句型的分析能力的培养是分析一切复杂句子的基础，是分析千千万万个句子的基础，因为众多的 句子都是由五种基本句型变换过来的。 所谓五种基本句型分析能力就是：看到一个简单句就能立刻分析出这个句子属于五种句型中的哪种；能够立刻分析出句子的主干是什么，能够快速分割，快速整合。 怎样才能具备这种能力呢？ 先理解理论（怎么去做的方法）后多实践做练习，实践是最重要的，能力在大量的实践练习中应该可以掌握。 在培养这个能力过程中还需要记忆任务。如：哪些动词后面要跟动词不定式,哪些动词后面要跟doing ,哪些动词后面需要跟双宾语等等这些都需要记忆，这项记忆任务完全可以通过练习实践来掌握，不做练习，只去死记那些东西不容易掌握。 如果对汉语句子成分分析有一定的了解和掌握，有助于英语句子成分的学习，因为本来汉语句子成分分析那 一套就是从英语那里搬过来的。 五种基本句型 1，主（语）＋系（动词）＋表（语） 首先我们来认识主语，主语是五种基本句型都具备的。从位置上来看，主语一般在句子开头，也就是一个句子的“头把交椅”：从意义上理解，主语一般是一个句子的“陈述对象”，后面的一切都是针对主语来说的，那么常坐这把“交椅”的会是什么词呢，一般是名词或代词。 系动词是联系动词的简称，顾名思义，它是起到联系作用的动词，是连接主语和表语的。系动词的数量是有限的，常见的只有十来个，我们把它们分成四组，这样有助于我们记忆系动词： 一、be动词类：am、is 、are 、was 、were 二、表示变化类：become、get 、turn 、grow 、go 三、感官动词类: 眼（look ）耳(sound)鼻(smell)舌(taste)身(feel) 四、表示延续性的动词：remain 、stay 、keep 表语有两个特征：一从位置上来讲，它总是在系动词后面（系动词和表语关系甚为紧密，没有系动词，就没有表语：没有表语，就没有系动词，正所谓“皮之不存，毛将焉附”）。二从意义上讲，表语通常是来说明主语的性质、特征的。表语通常是由形容词、介词短语、名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等来充当。 上面就是对主系表结构的简要介绍，其中，系动词是主系表结构的核心，它是这个结构的标志，看到了系动词，也就能立刻判断出句子的结构是主系表，因此，记住系动词非常重要。 2，主（语）＋谓（语） 谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味（谓语实际有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表）是主语发出的动作。能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。 为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点：
十大词性、句子成分分析、五大基本句型及句子类型讲解与练习 一、新课导入 个体名词 集体名词 普通名词 物质名词 1.名词 抽象名词 专有名词 功能：表示人或事物的名称 人称代词： 主格 宾格 （注意it 的用法） 物主代词： 形容词性物主代词 名词性物主代词 指示代词：this, that, these, those 单数：myself`, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself 反身代词： 复数：ourselves, yourselves, themselves 2.代词 疑问代词：who, whom, whose, what, which. 简单不定代词：One/ones, Either/neither, both/all, each/ every another, other, the other, others, the others 复合不定代词： somebody, anybody, nobody 不定代词 someone, anyone, no one something, anything, nothing everybody, everyone, everything 功能：用来代替名词、形容词或数词等 3.数词： 基数词 序数词 功能：表数量或顺序 4.冠词： 定冠词 不定冠词 零冠词 //功能：用在名词前，帮助说明名词所指的人或事物 表地点：at/ in/ on/ to, above/ over/ on, below/ under/ underneath …. 表时间： in/ on/ at, in/ after, from/since from, after/ behind, 5.介词： 表运动： across/ through/ over/ pass … 表方位：…. 其他 功能：用在名词、代词等前面，说明句子中词与词之间的关系 可数名词 不可数名词
初中句子成分和基本句 型 Document serial number【NL89WT-NY98YT-NC8CB-NNUUT-NUT108】
句子成分和基本句型 句子包含哪些成分？ 现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有八种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial)、{补语（complement）、同位语（apposite）} 1.主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． Thegirlispretty.Readingisuseful. Toseeistobelieve.Theyaregoodfriends. 2.谓语说明主语做什么，以什么状态或特征存在，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． Theyareteachers.Shelookswell. Hestudieshard.Helaughedathisclassmates. 3.表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面Iamateacher.Shefeelshappy. Everybodyishere.Theyareathomenow. Hewentmad.Seeingisbelieving. 4.宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后．Sheplaysthepiano.Heoftenhelpsme. IlikewatchingTV.Shelikestogotoshopthisafternoon. Ithinkthatheisgoodboy. 5.宾语补足语：在英语中，有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面家上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思．它起补充说明宾语干什么，怎么样的作用． 它可以由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，现在分词和过去分词充当． Ifyouletmego,I’llmakeyouking.Leavethedooropen. WefoundJohnoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome. Iheardmynamecalled. 6.状语用来修饰动词，形容词或副词．它表示行为发生的时间，地点，目的，方式，程度．一般由副词，介词短语，不定式或相当于副词的词或短语充当，也可由从句来充当． Hediditcarefully.Hestudiedveryhard. IwasbornonJune9th1982inGuangxi.Heiswritingwithapen. Iwillstayathomeifitrainstomorrow.
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词） What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词） Five and five is ten. （数词） He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词） The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） ★（常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，
句子的成分和基本句型 句子成分： 组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语。 一、主语——表明句子里所谈的是：“什么人”或“什么物”，主语常用名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语充当。例如: Lily likes her new bike.(名词) 莉莉喜欢她的新自行车。 He gets up early every day.(代词) 他每天都起得很早。 To learn English well is not easy.（不定式短语）学好英语不容易。 二、谓语——说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，英语中谓语只能用动词 ．．充当。例如： We work hard.我们努力工作。 The boy caught a bird. 那个男孩逮住一只鸟。 He is my father. 他是我父亲。 They all look fine. 他们都很好。 谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如： I am reading. You are reading. He\She is reading. We are reading. 三、宾语——宾语是动作行为的对象。由名词、代词或相当于名词或代词的词或短语充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语“做什么”。例如： Tom bought a story-book.（名词）汤姆买了一本故事书。 I saw him yesterday. （代词）昨天我看到他了。 He wanted to have a cup of tea. （不定式短语）他想要一杯茶。 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如： He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。 间接宾语直接宾语 Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。 间接宾语直接宾语 四、表语——说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，与连系动词一起构成谓语，表语由名词、形容词、或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。例如： My sister is a nurse.（名词）我的姐姐是一名护士。 They were at home.（介词短语）他们在家里。 She got angry. （形容词）她生气了。 Her grandfather is over eighty years old.（数词）她的祖父八十多岁了。 五、定语——定语是修饰名词或代词的，可以作定语的除形容词外，还有名词、代词、数词、介词短语或相当于形容词的词或短语等。例如： This is a green cup.（形容词）这是一个绿色的杯子。
句子成分和基本句型 什么是句子？ 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的，是能表达一个完整概念的语言单位．句子的第一个字母必须大写，结尾要有．？！ I am a teacher. Are you a student? How beautiful the girl is ! *句子成分由词或词组充当 英语的基本成分有七种： 主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、表语(predicative)、宾语(object)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial)补语(complement) １．主语：主语是在句子中说明全句中心主题的部分．一般由名词，代词，不定式，动名词或从句充当．它的位置一般在句首． The girl is pretty. Reading is useful. To see is to believe. They are good friends. 谓语： 谓语说明主语做什么，是什么，怎么样，由简单动词或者动词短语构成． They are teachers. She looks well. He studies hard. He laughed at his classmates. He can speak English. 表语： 表语说明主语是什么，或者怎么样，由名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，不定式，动名词，短语，或者从句充当．表语位于系动词后面． I am a teacher. She is happy. Everybody is here. They are at home now. My job is to teach English. Seeing is believing. 宾语 宾语是动作，行为的对象，由名词，代词，短语，不定式，动名词，从句充当．它和及物动词一起说明主语做了什么，在谓语之后． She plays the piano. He often helps me.
句子成分与五种基本句型班级：姓名： 一、句子成分 一）主语：是句子要说明的人或物，是句子的主体，一般放在。 1. The book is mine. ( ) 2. I teach you English.. （） 3. Three plus four equals seven. ( ) 4. To see is to believe. （） 5. Smoking is not allowed in public places. （） 6. Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） 二）谓语由____ _______担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语。划出以下句子的谓语： 1. We clean the classroom every day . 2. I don't like the picture on the wall. 3. You should have breakfast. 三）表语它的位置在__________之后。是用来说明主语的________,_______, ________的. 1. My father is a professor. ( ) 2. Everything here is expensive. ( ) 3. The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) 4. His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) 5. The match became very exciting.( ) 6. My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) 四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。 1. She covered her face with her hands.( ) 2. We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) 3. We need to know what others are doing. ( ) 4. We should care about our friends. ( ) 五）定语是修饰__ _. 单个词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之___ __。 1. Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） 2. China is a developing country. ( ) 3. I have nothing to eat. ( ) 4. The boy who is talking with Tom is from Beijing. ( ) 六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 1.There is a shop near the school gate. ( ) 2.I left the village five years ago. ( ) 3.I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) 4.We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) 5.The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) 6.The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) 7.If you work hard, you will be successful. ( ) 8.Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) 七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾补放在后面补充说明。
句子的成分 1 句子的成分 组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子主体部分（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成分如定语和状语是句子的次要部分。下面我们分别讲述一下句子的各个成分： 1 主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。 We study in Middle School.（讲述“谁”～） The classroom is very clean. （讲述“什么”很干净） Three were absent.（数词作主语） To teach them English is my job. （不定式作主语） 注意 不定式作主语时，常用形式主语it句型，因此左例可变为It is my job to teach them English. （真正的主语是to teach them English.） 2 谓语 说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或“怎么样”。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须用动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 His Parents are doctors. （系动词作谓语） She looks well.（系动词作谓语） We study hard.（实义动词作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和实义动词作谓语） 3 表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词的词或短语来担任。它的位置在系动词后面。 You look younger than before.（形容词作表语） I am a teacher.（名词作表语） Everybody is here.（副词作表语） They are at home now.（介词短语作表语） My job is to teach them English.（不定式作表语） 4 ,宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么，在谓语之后。
句子成分及基本句型 一、考点、热点回顾 【句子的成分】 在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语（直接宾语、间接宾语）、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等。 （一）主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当。它在句首。如： （1）Lucy is a beautiful nurse. （名词作主语） （2）He reads newspapers every day. （代词作主语） （3）Smoking is harmful to the health. （动名词作主语） （4）To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.（不定式作主语） （5）What we should do is not yet decided. （主语从句作主语） （二）谓语 说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）必须是动词。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致。它在主语后面。 如：His parents are teachers. （系动词和表语一起作谓语） We study hard. （行为动词作谓语） We don’t finish reading the book（助动词和行为动词一起作谓语） He can speak English. （情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语）（三）宾语 宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任，它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。一般放在谓语之后。 She is doing her homework now.（名词作宾语） She says（that）she is ill.（宾语从句作动词宾语） We often help him.（代词作宾语）
句子的成分、结构和基本句型 句子是写作的基本单位，只有写好句子才有可能写好文章。英语的句子成分有八种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、主语补足语和宾语补足语。 一.英语的句子成分： （一）主语： Walls have ears. ( ) He will take you to the hospital. （） To see is to believe. （） Smoking is not allowed in public places. （）Whether or not they will come depends on the weather. （） （二）谓语动词由_____________担任。助动词或情态动词加其他动词的适当形式也构成谓语动词。 Action speaks louder than words. The chance may never come again. Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994. （三）表语它的位置在__________之后。 My father is a professor. ( ) Who's that? It's me. ( ) Everything here is expensive. ( ) The match became very exciting.( ) The story of my life may be of help to others.( ) Three times five is fifteen. ( ) His plan is to seek work in the city. ( ) My first idea was that you should hide your feelings. ( ) （四）宾语表示动作的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语一般放在___________之后。_____词后也会跟宾语。 She covered her face with her hands.( ) We haven't seen her for a long time. ( ) Do you mind opening the window? ( ) Give me four please. ( ) He wants to dream a nice dream. ( ) We need to know what others are doing. ( ) We should care more about our friends. ( ) （五）定语是修饰___词.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的名词之_____；短语和从句作定语时则放在它所修饰的名词之_____。 The play has three acts. ( ) This is her first trip to Europe. ( ) They are women workers. （） Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday. （）Mary is a beautiful girl.. （） China is a developing country. ( ) I have nothing to eat. ( ) Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here. ( ) （六）状语状语表示地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、伴随情况等。 The best fish swim near the bottom. ( ) I left the village five years ago. ( ) I arrived late because of the traffic jam .( ) We'll send a car to fetch you. ( ) The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones.( ) The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.( ) If he goes, so will I . ( ) Though he is a child, he knows a lot. ( ) （七）宾语补足语 英语有些及物动词，除了要有宾语之外，还要加上宾语补足语，才能使句子的意义完整。宾语和宾语补足语一起构成___________。 They elected me captain of the team. ( ) We try to make our country strong. ( ) We found everything in good order there. ( )
Unit 15 句子成分和句型结构 【高考考点透析】 1、简单句的五大句型是最基本的句型。虽然近几年单纯考查这种基础句型的题不多，但是在阅读中有时需借助于划分句子成分去理解，在书面表达中，没有最基本的遣词造句的能力是不可能用地道的英语句子来表达清楚的。 2、祈使句、反意疑问句和感叹句是高考命题的热点之一。有时把祈使句与反意疑问句结合于一体来考查。一个题目，几个考点，是近几年命题的发展趋势。 3、高考对简单句、并列句和各种复合句的考查常表现在对连词的选择和使用上。如：and, but, or, while，以及其它连接名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句的连接词、关联词。 4、各种主从复合句的考查常常与动词的时态联系在一起，以宾语从句与状语从句最为明显，时间从句与条件从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句则用一般式表将来，这一点在高考中经常考查。 一、句子的成分 构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分。句子成分可分为主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，同位语。它们可以由单词来担任，也可以由词组，以及句子来担任。 （一）主语：主语是一个句子中所要表达，描述的人或物，是句子的主体。主语可以由名词，代词，数词，动词不定式，动名词，名词化形容词，分词，从句，短语等来担任。 The book is on the desk. I get an idea. Two and two are four. Smoking is bad to health. (二) 谓语：谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处于什么状态。谓语可以由动词来担任，一般放在主语的后面。 The child has been brought up by his mother. She speaks English fluently. (三) 表语：表语是用来说明主语的性质，身份，特征和状态。表语须贺连系动词一形容词作用的词和起构成句
英语的基本成分有：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语，同位语。句子分为简单句，并列句和复合句。 简单句又有五种类型：主+谓，主语+谓语+宾语，主语+系动词+表语，主语+谓语+宾语+宾补, 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语。 主语是句子所要描述的对象，是最主要的成分。可以做主语的有：名词，代词，数词，不定时，Ing形式，从句等。 Our school is very beautiful. / That is all I need. / Three is enough for both of us. /To make great progress is not easy. Seeing is believing. /That he did not give in his homework on time made the teacher disappointed. 谓语表述主语的动作或所处的状态，是英语时态、语态变化的主角, 一般在主语之后。不及物动词后面不加宾语，也没有被动。Time is running out. We run out of the time. 表语与系动词构成复合结构，用来说明主语的特征，属性，状态，身份等。系动词分两类: be, look, keep, stay, remain, seem 等表情况; get, grow, become, turn等表变化。还有感官动词look ，sound, feel ，smell等。单词，短语，从句都可作表语。
The world is a book. （名词做表语）You are many, but they are few. 代词she was the first to arrive but the last to leave. 数词Please feel free to say what you really think. 形容词My wish is to be a good teacher. 不定式.Is anybody in ? 副词 宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语，直接宾语是动作的承受者或结果，Who know the answer? / I need help. 间接宾语表示动作是对谁做或为谁做的。He gives me a book. me 是间接宾语，book 是直接宾语，因为give的只能是book而不能是me. 定语是用来修饰限定名词或代词的。He is a hard working student. This is a stone table. I want to do something interesting. This is the best way to solve the problem. 状语是用来修饰形容词，动词，副词。可以表示原因，目的，时间，地点，结果，比较，程度等。Tom works hard. (hard 是副词，用来修饰动词work)Tom works very hard.(very 是副词，用来修饰另一个副词hard.) we eat to live not live to eat. The boy went home, hungry and tired.形容词做状语 补语分为宾语补足语和主语补足语，宾补是位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词, 形容词,
英语句子成分及基本句型 1.1 句子成分 A. 主语（Subject）主语是一句话的中心。除祈使句外，主语是句子中不可缺少的成分。主语表示句子中所说的是“谁”或“什么”。 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Thirteen is regarded as an unlucky number by some people. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young should respect the old. What he has said is true. B. 谓语（Predicate）谓语表示主语的动作或状态，分为简单谓语与复合谓语两种。简单谓语由动词或动词词组组成；复合谓语由情态动词或助动词+动词。 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. He can speak English well. C.表语（Predicative）在系动词后的部分就是表语,说明主语的状态等。 常见的系动词有 be(am,is,are,were,was),appear,look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound,keep,turn,become, get, grow, come, go etc.系动词不用于被动语态.The apple tastes sweet. The war was over. They seem to know the truth. Time is precious. I’m not quite myself today. Who was the first? He is out of condition. The book is what I n eed. D. 宾语（Object）宾语是动作行为的对象，说明主语“做什么”。宾语分为直接宾语（Direct Object）和间接宾语(Indirect Object)。直接宾语常指物,间接宾语常指人。Give him a cup of coffee. E.宾语补足语（Object Complement）是用在宾语之后补充宾语情况的成分。 I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? He made himself known to them. She asked me to lend her a hand. Please make yourself at home. Please keep the dog out.