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《汽车内部凸出物》问题汇总

《汽车内部凸出物》问题汇总
《汽车内部凸出物》问题汇总

项目/ECE R21条文问题

1动态确定头部碰撞区

Dynamic evaluation

(ANNEX 8)

1)实车碰撞试验(Vehicle impact tests):

a)这一条欧洲是怎样执行的?在什么情况下需要进行实车碰撞试验

(Vehicle impact tests)?

b)另外,可否借用其他法规(ECE R94)认证试验数据而减少试验次

数。c) 在驾驶员和前排乘员位置分别安装不同的假人(比如一个位置安

装第5百分位女性,另一个位置安装第95百分位男性成年假人), 进行一次

试验;对调假人,再进行一次试验.这样既可以节省假人,又可以减少试验次

数,有什么问题?

d) 一般后排乘员头部碰撞区是否通过动态方式确定?

2)滑车试验(Sled tests):

a)如何进行试验,如何评价(希望提供检测过程演示图象)

b) Para. 1.2.2. : ......respecting the above prescribed dummy family

and producing a direction of a forward displacement of the respective

dummies corresponding to the movement of the dummies during real

frontal impact tests according to paragraph 1.2.1. 划线内容与1.2.1.

条实车碰撞试验(Vehicle impact tests)有什么联系,滑车试验(Sled

tests)之前是否需要进行实车碰撞试验(Vehicle impact tests)? 对于

斜体部分不理解.

3)模拟碰撞试验(Simulated impact testing):这一条欧洲是怎样执

行的,一般采用哪些方式?

4)欧洲是怎样进行视同判定的(ANNEX 8 Paragraph 3.)?对于动态

方式以及ECE R21各有哪些视同原则?

5)制造商提交哪些证明文件,可以免做试验(ANNEX 8 Paragraph

4.)?认证机构认可制造商提交的证明文件的原则?

2车窗、活动顶盖以及隔断

系统的电操作(Power-

operation of windows, roof

panels and partition

systems)

1) …power-operated roof-panel systems? 是否仅指天窗(见Annex 9的例

图),是否还包括2.8条汽车(vehicle with opening roof)的"opening roof"?

/ 这一条的要求是否仅针对天窗(见Annex 9的例图),是否还针对2.8条汽

车的"opening roof"?

2)不明白"Power-operated partition systems"/ "a non mechanical

device"是一个什么结构,请给一个实例.

3)希望能够拿一个活动顶盖和隔断系统的实例,具体讲解一下,要做

哪几项检查,每项检查各需要满足什么要求;检测要用到哪些检测设

备,如何检测。

4) 如何进行5.8.2. Normal operating requirements的检查?

5) 5.8.2.8.2. the operation distance between the actuation device and

the vehicle shall not exceed 11 m, provided that the system requires a

direct line of sight between the actuation device and the vehicle. This

may be tested by placing an opaque surface between the actuation

device and the vehicle.划线部分的检测如何进行?

6) 5.8.3. Auto-reversing requirements需要进行哪些检查,如何评价?

7) 按照 5.8.3.1.3.检查5.8.3.1.1.的要求时,开口从200mm到4mm范围

内,一般检查几个位置?希望提供试验棒规格和照片.

8) 对于5.8.3.1.2.1. a position that permits a semi-rigid cylindrical rod

of a diameter of 200 mm to be placed through the opening at the

same contact point(s) used to determine the reversing behaviour in

paragraph 5.8.3.1.1.划线部分不理解.

9) 5.8.5. Protection devices需要进行哪些检查,如何评价?

10) 5.8.7. If a power-operated window, roof-opening and/ or partition

system is installed in a vehicle that can not be tested according to the

test procedures mentioned above the approval may be granted if the

manufacturer can demonstrate an equal or improved protection-effect

for the occupants.什么情况下?制造商提供什么文件可以证明?

3尖棱sharp edge(2.18.)1) 对尖棱sharp edge的理解?

2)对于"its edges are blunted"如何判断?比如:

5.1.7.1."Parts in other areas of the dashboard above the level of the

instrument panel, …..., shall be at least blunted."

5.1.7.2."Parts of the dashboard above the level of the instrument

panel, …..., shall be at least blunted."

圆角半径为0.5mm作为评价标准?

3) [Annex 10] Para. 2.18.的注解:

"In case of a gap between the edge of a rigid material and the panel

…...",请举一个gap的例子;

"If the gap is located in a zone where a head impact test has to be

carried out, the edges which can be contacted during the test(s)

resulting from displacement of parts shall be protected by a minimum

radius of 2.5 mm",请举一个检测的例子对划线部分进行说明.

4前排座椅“H”点之前、仪表

板上下分界线以上的乘员

舱内部构件(侧门除外)

(Forward interior parts of

the passenger

compartment above the

level of the instrument

panel in front of the front

seat H points, excluding

the side doors)

(5.1.~5.1.7.2.)

1) 怎样确定仪表板上做吸能试验的点,一般需要选多少点?

2) 在做吸能试验时,对构件的破损如何进行判断,怎样的情况下判为会"

增加乘员的危险或增加伤害的严重程度"([Annex 10]5.1.2.的注解/Annex

4的1.4.的注解 ) ?

3) [Annex 10] Para. 5.1.1. 的注解:

"A sharp edge is an edge of a rigid material having a radius of

curvature of less than 2.5 mm except in the case of projections of less

than 3.2 mm, measured from the panel." 我们认为5.1的要求就是针对

仪表板,因此这里的panel就是仪表板(IP),这样理解对不对;如果不对,

除仪表板外,还有哪些零件在5.1里要求?

"......Grills are considered to comply with the regulations if they meet

the minimum requirements of the following table: "对于划线部分,我们

认为这里只是说圆角半径OK,并不表明别的要求(比如吸能性)OK (如

果需要对格栅做吸能试验, 就要满足Annex 4).

4) "shall have a cross-sectional area of not less than 2 cm2, measured 2.5 mm from the point projecting furthest"(5.1.4.) ;

"a cross-section not more than 6.5 mm from the point of maximum projection shall be not less than 6.50 cm2" (5.1.5.)

语言表达上存在差异,5.1.4.中指 2.5 mm处的截面,而 5.1.5. 中指 6.5 mm范围内的任一个截面都必须满足面积要求,是这样理解吗?同样的情况出现在5.3.2.3. "......, shall have a surface area of at least 6.5 cm2 measured at a cross-section normal to the longitudinal horizontal direction up to a distance of 6.5 mm from the furthest projecting part,…... " 和 5.3.3.: "the control shall have a cross sectional area of at least 6.5 cm2, measured in a horizontal plane, not more than 6.5 mm from the furthest projecting part (measured in the vertical direction)."右边附图的情况是否满足要求?实际检测产品还是检查图纸?

4) 本法规涉及主观判断的地方都如何处理,有没有判断规则?比如: [Annex 10] Para. 5.1.2. 的注解"During the test, it is determined whether parts within the impact zone used for reinforcement may be displaced or protrude so as to increase the hazards to passengers or the severity of injuries. "

5.3.2.2. "…...shall become detached or bent: in the two latter cases no dangerous projections shall remain."

5.5.1.2.3. "…...; in the latter case no dangerous projections shall remain" 没有尖棱或用手去摸不会划破出血或圆角半径为0.5mm 作为评价标准?

5) 按照动态的方法决定头部碰撞区,碰撞区内需满足4.1.2~4.1.6的要求,仪表板水平线以上其他能被165mm球头触及的部分至少需要倒圆,请问该部分是否还需要满足4.3的要求?

5前排座椅“H”点之前、仪表

板上下分界线以下的乘员

舱内部构件(侧门与脚踏

板除外)Forward interior

parts of the passenger

compartment below

the level of the instrument

panel and in front of the

front seat H points,

excluding the side doors

and the edals(5.2.~5.2.4.)

1) 这个封闭的杂物箱盖放下来可作为茶杯托,按照Annex 10对5.2.3.的注

解,不必进行5.2.3.的检测,这样理解对不对?

2) 本法规的要求都是针对位于最低的前排座椅“H”点以上的零件吗?

3) 5.2.3.1.吸能性试验后,对是否产生尖角不进行检查?

5.3.4.1、5.4.2.2、5.4.2.3以及5.7.1.2中吸能性试验后是否参照5.1.2进

行伤害性判断?我们认为应该,原因是5.2.3.1模拟的是膝部撞击,可以

不考虑表皮伤害,而其他部分都是模拟头部撞击,必须考虑表皮伤害!

6通过最后排座椅上的人体

模型躯干基准线的横截面

之前的乘员舱其它内部安

装件Other interior fittings in

the passenger

compartment in front of the

transverse plane passing

through the torso reference

line of the manikin placed

on the rearmost seats

(5.3. ~5.3.6.)

1)在5.3.2.条中:

a) 怎样判断一个构件能被乘员接触?

b) 乘员能够接触的构件必须满足5.3.2.1~5.3.4的要求。直径

165mm的球体所触及的构件必须满足5.3.2.1~5.3.2.3的要求

。这个要求很费解,难道对于头部能接触的部位要求反倒低一些?

c) [Annex 10]5.3.2.的注解提到的空间指哪个空间(The space between

the forward bulkhead and the instrument panel which is located higher

than the bottom edge of the instrument panel)?

2)对于脱落后留下凸出物如何进行评价,什么情况下判为危险的凸出物(5.3.2.2 )?

4) 后排中间位置座椅靠背放下来作为扶手或茶杯托的情况需要做哪些检测?

5) 按照动态的方法决定头部碰撞区,碰撞区内需满足5.1.2~5.1.6的要求,仪表板水平线以上其他能被165mm球头触及的部分至少需要倒圆,请问该部分是否还需要满足5.3的要求?

6) 对于5.3.3.,请问安装在副仪表台上的手制动杆是否属于安装在地板上这个范畴?

7顶盖Roof(5.4.~5.4.2.3.)1)所有的检测(包括5.4.2.2的吸能试验)都是在除去顶棚衬里(去掉﹤50 shores的部分)后进行的,但是5.4.2.1条第一句(That part of the inner face of the roof which is situated above or forward of the occupants shall exhibit no dangerous roughness or sharp edges, directed rearwards or downwards)也是除去顶棚衬里后的要求吗?

2)5.4.2.2吸能试验是怎么做的(实车/白车身,还是顶盖)?

3) 测量仪器(Annex 1)的测量臂延长(最长1000 mm)能够与被测试零件接触的情况下要满足5.4.2.2的吸能性要求(Annex 4的1.4.1.1.);如果没有接触,只需满足"凸出零件的宽度不得小于向下的凸出量,其棱边的圆角半径不得小于5mm"(5.4.2.1.),而不必满足"向下的凸出量不得大于19mm".也就是说,顶盖上的零件与Annex 1的测量仪器接触的,要做吸能试验;否则不要求吸能性.这样理解对不对?

4) [Annex 10] Para. 5.5.的注解:

"When the roof is tested to measure those protrusions and parts which can be contacted by a ball having a diameter of 165 mm, the roof lining must be removed. " 去掉roof lining以后, 展现在我们眼前的是顶盖前后横梁及侧梁、刚性拱架或加强筋以及钢板制的车顶,在侧梁等处有螺钉(尽管带橡胶帽)、金属卷边等暴露;在天窗情况下存在金属框架端部以及马达外壳等硬物,请举一个检测的实例(图片),并解释如何进行下面划线部分的评价“When evaluating the specified radii the proportions and properties attributable to the materials of the roof lining shall be taken into consideration.”

5) 5.4.2.3. "The metal wires which stretch the lining of the roof and the frames of the sun visors must have a maximum diameter of 5

mm …...."从the lining of the roof或the frames of the sun visors中抽出钢丝来测量直径吗?

8活顶汽车Vehicles with an opening roof(5.5.~5.5.2.)[Annex 10] Para. 5.5.的注解:"Any roof ribs on opening roofs must meet paragraph 5.4. if they are contactable by a 165 mm diameter sphere"用什么装置来检查是否触及?

5.5.1.2.3. ......, under the effect of a force of 37.8 daN applied in the direction of impact defined in Annex 4 as the tangent to the trajectory of the headform, …....请举一个检测的例子对冲击方向进行说明.

5.5.1.2.1、5.5.1.2.2、5.5.1.2.3已经规定了对操纵机构的总体要求,为什么还要追加对车顶关闭这一特定状态下的要求?而且该要求与总体要求并无区别?

9固定在车辆上的座椅后部

的零件Rear parts of seats

anchored to the vehicle

(5.7. ~5.7.3.)

1)折叠座椅在靠背折叠的情况下,靠背及座椅的一部分进入碰撞区时,需

要做全部的碰撞试验吗(5.7.2.)?

2)如果后排座椅一部分可放倒,对于后排剩余乘坐位置的乘员而言,

对可放倒的最后排座椅的后部有没有要求?

3) 5.7.1.2.1、5.7.1.2.2和5.7.1.2.3条规定的区域和

按照附录1确定的头部碰撞区是否均需要满足吸能性要求?处于5.7.

1.2.1、5.7.1.2.2和5.7.1.2.3条规定区域而不在附录1确

定的头部碰撞区内的部分,碰撞方向按什么执行?能否参考ECE R17里

#其它未提及的内部安装件

Other non-specified fittings

(5.9.~5.9.2. )

1)一般还会有哪些零件需要在这里进行检测(5.9.1.)?

2)最可能出现的是哪些零件可以免做附录C规定的吸能试验

(5.9.2.)?

#吸能试验PROCEDURE

FOR TESTING ENERGY

DISSIPATING

MATERIALS(Annex 4)

1) 对于"1.4.1. At every point of impact on the surface to be tested, the

direction of impact shall be the tangent to the trajectory of the

headform of the measuring apparatus described in Annex I",撞击方向

到底是哪个方向?

2) 对于“1.4.2…....in the case of components which cover an uninflated

airbag, at a speed of 19.3 km/h”,有的理解为“气囊打开时所覆盖的范

围,以19.3km/h的速度撞击”,欧洲怎样实施的?

3) 对于"2.1. the deceleration of the headform shall not exceed 80 g

continuously for more than 3 milliseconds",超过80g的时间不超过3ms,

有2次这样的情况是否允许(不是累计超过3ms)?

4)碰撞速度一般控制在多少(比24.1km/h多多少),比如24.1~25.1km/h还

是更大的范围?

#凸出物凸出高度的测量方

法METHOD OF

MEASURING

PROJECTIONS(Annex 6)

1. ….... The projection?s value is the largest of all possible

variations …y?, the variation measured from the centre of the sphere

perpendicular to the panel.请举一个实际检测的例子(图片),说明划线部

分如何检测.

#ECE R21A)进行ECE R21要求的检测需要准备哪些样品?

B)希望提供检测项目以及对应要求的清单,比如:

遮阳板:这是一个相对简单的零件,但我仍然担心下面所列的要求不完

整。

1)装在顶盖上但不属于顶盖结构的零件(5.3.4.1 ):

其边缘的圆角半径不得小于3.2mm;

凸出部分的宽度不得小于向下的凸出量;或符合附录C的规定

2)支撑遮阳板框架的钢丝(5.4.2.3 ):

其直径不得超过5mm;或者符合附录C的规定。

3)遮阳板框架的非刚性附属零件(5.4.2.3/ 5.3.4.1):

其边缘的圆角半径不得小于3.2mm;

凸出部分的宽度不得小于向下的凸出量;或符合附录C的规定

测量仪器(Annex 1)的测量臂延长(最长1000 mm)能够与被测试零件接触

的情况下按上面的要求(Annex 4的1.4.1.1.);如果没有接触,又如何要求

(只是免除吸能试验)?

C)在判断头部是否能接触时,哪些地方用球头模型(the simulated head specified in annex 1),哪些地方是用手拿着直径165mm的球体来触?比如:

5.1.7.1."Parts in other areas of the dashboard above the level of the instrument panel, if contractable by a 165 mm diameter sphere……."

5.1.7.2."Parts of the dashboard above the level of the instrument panel, if contractable by a 165 mm diameter sphere……."

5.5.1.2.3. be accommodated, when in the position of rest, in areas which cannot be contacted by a sphere 165 mm in diameter. ……D)如有可能,请举一个因内部凸出物引起乘员伤害的交通事故案例(图象资料)。

活动的遮阳板应考虑到各种使用位置。实际检测几个位置?

遮阳板的框架不应视作刚性支撑件。

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