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《美国文学史及选读》考试题型及复习要点

《美国文学史及选读》考试题型及复习要点
《美国文学史及选读》考试题型及复习要点

2017年英语双学位《美国文学史及选读》期末考试题型及复习要点

期末考试题型及分值:

1.作家、作品配对题(10*1分=10分)

2.作品选读题(填空题、简答题5*5分= 25分)

3.文学术语、文学人物解释题(4*5分=20分)

4. 论述题(3*15分= 45分)

●认真阅读教材的中文版的《序言》

●熟悉教材中以下复习要点中各位作家的选文

Benjamin Franklin:

?Remember BenjaminFranklin asinventor,statesman and writ er.

?Remember him as‘father of the United States’.

?Writing featuresThe Autobiography: It isthepattern of Puritan simplicity,directness, and concision.The narrative is lucid,the structureis simple,the imageryis homely.

?本杰明·富兰克林:

?本杰明·富兰克林是发明家、政治家和作家。

?他是“美国之父”。

?写作特点自传:这是清教徒的简单、直接和简洁的方式。叙事清晰,结构简单,意象朴实。

Edgar AllanPoe

●Remember Poe as father of modern short story and fatherof detec

tive story.

●Remember hisimportant works.

●Remember his criticalworks:The Poetic PrincipleandThePhilo

sophyof Composition.

●Be able tolist someof his famous short storiesand someof his

famous poems such as The Raven,AnnabelLee,To Helen.?Tell the story The Cask of Amontillado inyourown words.

Whatis the themeof this short story?

Be familiar with hispoemTo Helen.

埃德加爱伦坡

Poe是现代短篇小说之父和侦探小说之父。

他的重要著作。

他的批评作品:诗歌原则和写作哲学。

能够列出一些他著名的短篇小说和一些著名的诗歌,如《乌鸦》、《Annabel Lee》、《海伦》等。

?讲述一桶白葡萄酒用你自己的话。

这个短篇小说的主题是什么?

对海伦熟悉他的诗。

Ralph Waldo Emerson

Know somethingabout transcendentalism. RememberEmersonas theleader of thisphilosophy:Transcendentali smrefers toakind of attitude that believes in therecognitionin man of the capacity ofknowingtruth intuitively,orof attaining knowledge transcending the reachofthesenses.Major conc epts

1) Powerof intuition.

2)Spiritfirst,matter second.

3)Natureas symbolic of spirit or God.

4)Individual as the most important element in society/self-reliant

5) Religion asanemotional communication between anindividual

soul and theuniversal “oversoul”

6) Commerceas degrading/pay less attention to themat

erialworld

The “over-soul” as called by Emersonwasanall-pervadingunitary spiritual power of goodness,omnipresent and omnipotent,from whic hall things came and of which everyone was a part.Generally,th eover-soul referred tospirit of God as the mostimportant thing in the universe.

Emerson’s Nature iscalled‘manifesto of transcendentalism’.

The AmericanScholar(1837)isregardedas “America’s Second Declaration ofIndependence/Declaration of Intellectual (Cultural) Independence”

Befamiliarwiththe essay‘Self-reliance’.

拉尔夫瓦尔多爱默生

?知道一些关于超验主义。记得爱默生作为这一哲学的领袖:超验主义指的是一种态度,相信人的直觉认识真理的能力的识别,或实现知识超越感官。主要概念 ?1)直觉的力量。

2)?精神第一,物质二。

?3)自然象征精神或上帝。

?4)个体在社会/自立的最重要的元素

?5)宗教作为一种情感交流个人灵魂和宇宙的“超灵”

6)商务?降级/较少关注物质世界

?“结束”艾默生称作是一种无孔不入的整体精神力量的善良的灵魂,无所不在,无所不能,这一切来的都是一部分。一般来说,过度的灵魂提到上帝的灵魂是宇宙中最重要的东西。

?爱默生的自然是被称为“超验主义”宣言。

?美国学者(1837)被誉为“美国的第二次申报知识/独立宣言(文化)独立”

?熟悉文章“自力更生”。

HenryDavid Thoreau

?Remember Thoreau’ masterpiece.

?Tell the main contents of Waldenin your own words.

?亨利戴维梭罗

?记得梭罗的杰作。

?告诉瓦尔登湖的主要内容用自己的话。

Nathaniel Hawthorne

?Introduce TheScarlet Letterin yourownwords.

?The influenceof PuritanismonThe Scarlet Letter.

?Analyze the maincharacters.

?Tell the symbolic meanings of the letter‘A’.

?List Hawthorne’smajorworks.

?纳撒尼尔霍桑

?介绍红字用你自己的话。

?清教对红字的影响。

?分析主要人物。

?告诉字母A的象征意义”。

?霍桑主要作品列表。

HermanMelville

?Be ableto list Melville’s majorworks.

?Be able to retell the story of MobyDick in your own words.

?Be able to analyze the characterCaptain Ahab.

?Beable to tellthe symbolic meanings of Moby Dick,the ship Pequ

od and the coffin: the White Whale can be read as an allegorical representation of anunknowableGod orthe mysterious forceofnature; the Pequodis a symbol ofdoom/death;

Queequeg'scoffin alternatelysymbolizes life and death.

?The influence of PuritanismonMoby Dick.

?赫尔曼梅尔维尔

?可以列出Melville的主要作品。

?能用自己的话复述Moby Dick的故事。

?能够分析人物Ahab船长。

?能够告诉Moby Dick的象征意义,船」和棺材:白鲸可以解读为一个不可知的上帝

或大自然的神秘力量的一种象征;」是厄运和死亡的象征;Queequeg的灵柩交替象征着生命和死亡。

?清教思想对Moby Dick的影响。

Walt Whitman

?Remember Whitman’s most important work.

?What isfreeverse?Akind of poetry that does not conform to any regularmetre: the length of its lines is irregular,as is its useof rhyme—if any.Instead of regularmetrical pattern it uses more flexible cadencesor rhythmic groupings,sometimes supported by anaphora and otherdevices of repetition.Now the mostwidely practicedverse form in English, it has precedents in translations of the biblical Psalms andinsome poems of Blake and Goethe,butestablished itselfonly in thelate 19thand early 20th centuries with WaltWhitman.

?Be familiarwith the poem OCaptain,MyCaptainand know i

ts main idea.

?沃尔特怀特曼

??记住怀特曼最重要的工作。

?自由诗是什么?一种不符合任何格律的诗:它的线条长度不规则,如用韵。而不是常规的格律采用更灵活的节奏或韵律的分组,以照应和重复其他设备有时支持。现在是英语中使用最广的诗歌形式,它在圣经圣歌和布莱克和歌德的一些诗歌中有先例,但只有在第十九世纪末和第二十世纪,沃尔特·惠特曼才建立起自己。

?熟悉船长的诗,我的船长,知道它的主要思想。

Emily Dickinson

?Be familiar with her threepoems in the textbook and their themes.

?Know something about Dickinson’s poetic features:A. Her poemshave notitles, hence the first line ofeachpoemis always quoted as the titleof each poem.

?B: particular stresspattern:dash“—”

?C:Capitalletters as a means ofemphasis;

?D:Language:brief,direct,and plain;

?E: Poem:short, always on original imagesorsymbols

?F: Conventional meters,iambic tetrameter, off-rhymes.

?G: Short poetic lines,condensed by using intense metaphors and byextensive use of ellipsis.

?狄金森

?熟悉她的三在教科书和他们的诗的主题。

?知道狄金森的诗性特征的东西:她的诗没有标题,因此每一首诗的第一行总是引用作为每首诗的题目。

?B:特殊应力模式:短跑“-”

?C:大写表示强调;

?D:语言:简单、直接、朴素的;

?E:诗:短,总是对原始图像或符号

?F:常规米,四音步抑扬格,无韵。

?G:短的诗句,用强烈的隐喻和省略大量使用浓缩。

Mark Twain

?What was Mark Twain’s true name?Samuel LanghorneClemens What does

hispen name mean?

?Whatbook ofhisisthought tobe the best one aboutwhi

ch Hemingwaysaid“All modernAmerican literaturecomes from one bookby Mark Twain?

?Whatis his first realnovel?What is its sequel?

?Namethree of his other works.

?Retell the shortstory ‘TheCelebratedJumping Frog ofC

alaveras County.

?What doyou knowabout MarkTwain’s Style?

?Vernacular Language: Mark Twain wrotein hisunpretentious, colloquial, and poetic style. Heused vernacular language.The directness of the language isa very influentialpointin

Twain’s style.

?Local Color:Twain depicted social life through descriptions of local places and peoplehe knewbestandbelieved that “the most v aluable capital,or culture, oreducation usable in the building of novelsis personal experience.”

?Cracker-barrel Philosopher: Twain adopted themoral stance of acracker-barrel philosopher. This termis often used to mean someonewhounderstands folkwisdom,hasapretty goodcommon sen se ofviewoflife,and is prettyrealistic about socialproblems.

Twainwasthatkind ofaperson.

Stephen Crane

?The definition of American Naturalism.

?Remember Stephen Crane’s important works.

?Befamiliar withThe Open Boat andknow the themes oft

he short story.

F.ScottFitzgerald

?RememberFitzgerald as the spokesman of the Jazz Age and his major works.

?Be abletointroduceTheGreat Gatsbyand make commentsaboutGatsby.

William Faulkner

?Remember some of Faulkner’s famous works.

?Knowsomething about his writing features:a. complex plot ? b. stream of consciousness

? c. characterization: he was able toprobe into the psychologyof characters

?d. violation of chronology

? e. courtroom rhetoric:formal language

?f. multiplepoints of view,circularform

?Be familiar with‘Barn Burning’and know theconflict in it.

ErnestHemingway

?Remember him as the spokesman of theLost Generation.

?MemorizeHemingway’smajor works.

?Know the theme of theshort story A Clean,Well-Lighted Place:The theme ofNada /nothingness isthekeynote of the whole story.

Nada meanshopelessness, aimlessness and meaninglessnessof life.

Nearly allthe characters live inNada. Facedwith “nothing" inthe modern society now and then,man should seek light andorderto establish dignity in life.

?Hemingway’sIceberg principle:His sentences only give one small bit ofthe meaning. The rest is implied. One mustgovery deep beneath the surface to understandthe full meaningof his writi ng. Certainly, there aremoments whenthe reader feelsthe suggestion of vast meaningbeneath Hemingway'sfew, sparew

ords.

?Hemingway’sCode Hero:

?The“Hemingway Code” of manhooddoes not involvemerephysical strength,sexualpotency,orabilityto accumulate (or spend) wealth.

?Accordingto this code, a manisdefinedby will, pride,and endurance:the enduranceto acceptpain,evenloss-when theloss cannot be avoided;the pride of knowing thatone has done one’s best, withthe courage to act truly according to one's own nature; and the willtoface defeat or victorywithout whining on one handor boa sting onthe other.

Ezra Pound

?Remember Ezra Pound’smostimportant work The Cantos.

?Be familiarwith In a Station of theMetro and know the images in it.

?Rememberthe three Imagist poetic principles: direct treatment ofthe“thing”(nofuss, frill, orornament), exclusionof sup erfluouswords(precision and economyofexpression),the rhythm ofthe musical phrase rather than thesequence of a metronome(free ve rse form andmusic)

Wallace Stephens

Befamiliar with hispoem‘Anecdote oftheJar’.

Rememberthe symbolic meaningof the jar.

William Carlos Williams

Befamiliar with his poem ‘The Red Wheelbarrow’.

Imagesin‘The Red Wheelbarrow’.

RobertFrost

●His fourcollections of poemsthatwonPulitzerPrizes.

●Befamiliarwith the threepoems ofhis inthe textbook.

●Symbolicmeaningof‘road’.

●Theme inStopping byWoods onaSnowyEvening.

LangstonHughes

Be familiar with his poem‘Meandthe Mule’.

Imagesin ‘Me and the Mule’

Eugene Gladstone O’Neill

?Remember O’Neillas thefather/founder of modern American theatre.

?Remember thefour plays which won him Pulitzer Prizes:Beyond the Horizon, Anna Christie, StrangeInterlude, Long Day’s Journeyinto Night.

?Introducethe play Desire Underthe Elms and analyze the tragic elements init.

?Themes of DesireUnderthe Elms.

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