第十三章名词性从句
第一节真题精析
1. I like _______ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. 【04全国】
A. this
B. that
C. it
D. one
2. You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is _______I disagree. 【04全国】
A. why
B. where
C. what
D. how
3. The road is covered with snow. I can't understand ______they insist on going by motor-bike. 【04全国】
A. why
B. whether
C. when
D. how
4. I think Father would like to know ____ I've been up to so far, so I decide to send him a quick note. 【04湖南卷】
A. which
B. why
C. what
D. how
5. I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesn’t matter ______ I’m talking to. 【04广东卷】
A. who is it
B. who it is
C. it is who
D. it is whom
7. Parents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’6s future. 【04广东卷】
A. that
B. how
C. such
D. so
7. A modern city has been set up in was a wasteland ten years ago. 【04天津卷】
A. what
B. which
C. that
D. where
8. After Yang Li wei succeeded in circling the earth, _______ our astronauts desire to do is walk in space. 【04上海卷】
A. where
B. what
C. that
D. how
9. A story goes ______ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more that being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court. 【04上海卷】
A. when
B. where
C. what
D. that
10. The Foreign Minister said, “_______our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.”【04北京】
A. This is
B. There is
C. That is
D. It is
11. We cannot figure out ____ quite a number of insects, birds, and animals are dying out. 【04
北京】
A. that
B. as
C. why
D. when
12．It is pretty well understood controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today . 【2003上海】
A．that B．when C．what D．how
13．There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need . 【2003上海】
A．that …to be improved B．which …to be improved
C．where…improving D．when…improving
14.There’s a feeling in me we’ll never know what a UFO is not ever. 【2002上海】
A. that
B. which
C. of which
D. what
15. be sent to work there? 【2002上海】
A. Who do you suggest
B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who should
D. Do you suggest whom should
16. Perseverance is a kind of quality—and that’s it takes to do anything well. 【2002上海】
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. why
17. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. 【2001上海】
A. might
B. need
C. should
D. would
18. Information has been put forward more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities. 【2001上海】
A. while
B. that
C. when
D. as
19. A computer can only do ____ you have instructed it to do. 【NMET2001】
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
20. It is generally considered unwise to give a child___________ he or she wants. 【NMET1997】
A. however
B. whatever
C. whichever
D. Whenever
21. —Do you remember ______ he came? 【MET1994】
—Yes, I do, he came by car.
A. how
B. when
C. that
D. if
22. we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 【NMET1996】
A. If
B. Whether
C. That
D. Where
23. _______we can't get seems better than we have. 【NMET1996】
A. What; what
B. What; that
C. That; that
D. That; what
245. is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. 【NMET1995】
A. There
B. This
C. That
D. It
25. －－I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
－－Is that______ you had a few days off? 【NMET1999】
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
【答案与解析】
1. C 该题是考查宾语从句中形式宾语的用法。在enjoy, hate, like, love等表示“喜怒哀乐”的词和take
等此后若跟宾语从句需用形式宾语it，把真正的宾语放后。题意：我喜欢秋天晴朗明亮的天气。
又如：I hate ________ when people talk wi t h their mouths full．（1998） A ．it B．that C．those D．them
2. B 该题是考查名词性从句中的表语从句的用法。据题意：你一直说人人平等，这就是我不能苟同
之处。此处是指的everyone should be equal这句话这一点，我不能苟同。故选where。
3. A 该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的用法。根据前面“路为雪覆盖”和后面“他们骑摩托”得知此处
应当是因果关系，故选择why。表示我不解的原因。句意：路上都是雪。我不明白他们为什么坚持骑摩托车去。
4. C 该题考查名词性从句。关联词在宾语从句中作宾语，故选what。句意：我认为父亲想知道我迄
今在忙什么；因此我决定给他寄一个快笺。
5. B该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的用法。it是形式主语，后面是主语从句因此用陈述句语序。
选择B最佳。句意：我一直诚实坦率，我和谁说话并不重要。
6. B该题根据交际情景考查名词性从句的引导词的用法。关键词是important需要副词how修饰。由
how important引导宾语从句。句意：要教会父母懂得教育对孩子的未来是多么重要。
7. A该题根据交际情景考查名词性的用法。根据题目此处作in的介词宾语，在从句中作主语故选what。
句意：在10年前还是废墟的地方，一座现代化的城市拔地而起。
8. B 考查名词性从句的用法。这是一个复杂句，首先是一个由after引导的时间状语从句，在主句中
又包含一个主语从句，引导词在主语从句中作宾语，因此，用what。句意：杨利伟成功环绕地球后，我们的宇航员期望的是太空漫步。
9. D 考查名词性从句的用法。本句是一个含有同位语从句的句子，story与that从句是一种同位关系，
也就是说，that从句说明story的内容，因此D正确。
10. D 该题考查主语从句中形式主语的用法。为了保持句子结构平衡，用形式主语it代替，把真正主
语放在句子后面。句意：那位外长说：“我们希望双方向好的方向努力。”
11. C 该题考查名词性从句中引导词的用法。据题意：我没想不出为什么大量的昆虫、鸟和动物濒临
灭绝。此处是表示原因。
12.C 考查名词性从句，It在句中作形式主语代替后面的主语从句，在主语从句中又缺少主语，应选
择连接代词，既起连接作用，又担当句子成分，因此选择C。句意：现在已相当清楚是什么在控制着二氧化碳初入大气的流动。
13.A 考查名词性从句与动词need。a new problem与road conditions need…是一种同位关系；
improve与road condition之间是一个动宾关系，因此need如果后接不定式应用被动语态，如接动名词应用主动形式表示被动的意思，A为正确答案。
14.A 考查名词性从句，在此句中从句与feeling形成一种同位关系，说明feeling所包含的内容，that
为正确答案。
15.A 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句中的用法，从以下两点来考虑（1）suggest后接的宾语从句应用虚拟
语气，动词用原形或should+动词原形（2）suggest后接宾语从句，其疑问和否定形式前移到主句。
16.A 考查名词性从句，That’s后面的部分是一个表语从句，所选择的连接词在表语从句中作宾语，
因此选择连接代词what。
17.C 考查虚拟语气在宾语从句的运用。Imagine的宾语从句谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。
18.B. 考查名词性从句连接词的用法。information与that more middle school graduates will be
admitted into the universities是一种同位关系，后者说明前者所包含的内容与信息。that只起连接作用，不能省略。
19．C 该题考宾语从句连接词的用法。从题干中“to do”后缺宾语来判断，所填的词一定同时满足两个条件：①引导宾语从句（作“can only do”的宾语）；②本身充当“to do”后的宾语，所以用what。
句意：计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。
20．B 该题考查由whatever引导的宾语从句的用法。该题的关键词是give 和want，give要接双宾语，所以从句是宾语从句，从宾语从句want看需要宾语，故选whatever。Whatever强调任意性，泛指；what强调特指。句意：普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。
21．A该题考宾语从句连接词的用法。该题的关键词是答语中的by car，从此判断是对来的方式的提问，故用how 引导。句意：“你记得他怎么来的么？”“记得，他开车来的。”
22．B该题考查名词性从句的用法。该题的关键是depend on （取决于）说明是表示选择，故用whether引导主语从句。句意：我们明天是否去野营要看天气而定。
23．A该题考查名词性从句的用法。从题干看，两个空中所给之词分别作get和have的宾语，故都必须用what来引导。what和that 引导名词性从句的根本区别，what做成份而that只起到引导词的作用，不作成份。句意：我们得不到的似乎比我们所拥有的要好。
24． D该题考查名词性从句的用法。It是形式主语，真正主语放到后面(It’s + 名词+that…)以保持句子结构平衡。使用形式主语的情况还有：It’s + 过去分词+ that…; It’s +形容词+ that…; It happens/seems/appears that…。句意：事实上英语作为国际语言正为世人所接受。
25．A该题考查名词性从句的用法。why引导的表语从句是说明had a few days off的原因。句意：“我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。”“这就是你请了几天假的原因吗？”
第二节考点归纳
在复合句中具有名词的性质的作主语、表语、同位语、宾语的从句叫名词性从句。因此，我们把主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和宾语从句这四种从句统称为名词性从句。当名词性从句要采用陈述句语序。由一个含疑问意义的连词引起时，必须将该连词放在名词性从句的开头，且该从句语序不能倒装。
一、引导名词性从句的关联词
引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表：
1、that
连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义；或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。
It worried her a bi t that her hair was turning grey.
她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起引导词作用，不作成分）
What caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作主语）
2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。
（1）动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。
I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。（此处不用whether）
Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗？（此处不用whether）
比较：doubt表示“不信”解时，表示强烈的不相信时，在陈述句中可接that从句。
I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。
I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。
（2）that本身无意义，有时可以省略；whether本身有意义，在句中均不可省略。
He said (that) he was from New York.他说他是从纽约来的。（that无意义，可以省略）
Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。（whether 有意义，不可以省略）
（3）如果宾语从句表示两种可能性据其一时，只能用whether(or not)，不可用that。
I wonder whether he knew the manager(or not).我不知道他是否认识经理。（不能用that）
I am not sure whether he will come.他来不来我没把握。（不能用that）
（4）whether引导的从句能几乎作所有介词的宾语；that引导的从句只能作except, but, besides的介词宾语。
I have no interest in whether he will come.我对他来与否不感兴趣。（不能用that）
He is a good boy except that he is careless sometimes.他是个好孩子，只是有时有点粗心。
3、whether和if的区别
（1）whether可以引导discuss和介词宾语从句，而if不能。
They are talking about whether they will go there.他们正在讨论是否去那里。（不能用if）
（2）whether可以应到所有的名词性从句，而if只能引导宾语从句；在引起主语从句时，特别是主语从句在句首时，不能用if，除非是有形式主语it的主语从句。
Whether the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet. 2000年奥运会是否在北京举行还不知道。（不能用if）
（3）whether后可以直接跟or not或or no，构成whether or not或whether or no，if则不能。但可以说whether/if…
or not, whether/if… or。
I don't know whether or not he'll come.我不知道他是否会来。（不能用if）
（4）if 引导的从句可用于否定的谓语，whether引导的从句不用于否定的谓语。
I don't care if you won't come.我才不在乎他来不来呢。
（5）whether …or可以引导让步状语从句，or不可省略；if可以引导条件状语从句。
Whether i t snows or not, I will go there by bike.不论明天下不下雪，我都骑车去。
If he had been given m ore time, he could have done it much better. 如果给他更多的时间，他会做得更好。
（6）whether可以和不定式连用，而if不能。
He didn’t know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是现在结婚还是等等再说。
They haven’t decided whether to go there or not.他们还没决定去不去。
（7）whether和if引导的宾语从句，可以用肯定，也可以用否定，但含义不同。
He asked whether she could help.他问她是否能帮忙。（表示疑问，可加or not）
He asked whether she couldn’t help.他认为她能帮忙。（表示否定，不可加or not）
（1）wh-ever引起的名词性从句不含疑问意义，相当于不定代词后加一个定语从句：whatever = anything that，whoever=anyone who, wherever=any place where, whenever=any time when表示泛指；而what，which，who，when，where，how等词都有时含有疑问意义，表示特指。
A computer can only do what you have instructed i t to do. 计算机只能按人们的指令去做事。(特指)
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants. 普遍认为，孩子要什么就给他什么不是聪明之举。(泛指)
（2）介词后的who/whom，whoever/whomever的选择问题，则要看连接词在从句中是作主语还是作宾语而定，如在从句中作主语则只能选用who/whoever。
Give them to whoever is likely to be interested.把他们送给感兴趣的人。（不能用whomever）
Who do you think is the best student?你认为谁是最好的学生。（不能用whom）
（3）正确使用who/ whoever，what/whatever，how/however，where/wherever，when/whenever，which/whichever，who，what，where，when，how，which一要分析句子结构，看其在从句中作何成分，二是理清其在句中的含义。---I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.我上周开车去参加珠海的空展了。
---Is that why you had a few days off? （表原因）这就是你请了几天假的原因吗？
I remember when this used to be a quiet place.我记忆中这里曾经是一个安静的地方。(表时间)
二、主语从句(subject clauses)
在复合句中起主语作用的从句叫主语从句。引导主语从句的词有从属连词、、关系代词、连接副词等。引导主语从句的关联词有从属连词that、whether，关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why, however, whenever, wherever等。
1、从属连词that，whether引导的主语从句。
从属连词that，whether在主语从句中的作用只是引导主语从句，它们在从句中不担任成分，不能省略。
That you don’t like him is none of my business.你不喜欢她不管我的事。
Whether she will come or not is still a question. 她是否会来仍是一个问题。
2、it作形式主语引导主语从句。
如果主语从句太长，为避免句子结构头重脚轻，我们可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句谓语部分之后。That引导的主语从句可用it代替，that 不可省略。
用作it作形式主语的结构：
①It is/was +形容词+that 从句
It’s natural that… 很自然…… It’s obvious that … 显而易见……
It’s fortunate that … 幸运的是I t’s (im)possible…（不）可能……
It’s unlikely that… 不可能It’s strange that…奇怪的是……
②It is/was +名词+that 从句
It’s a pi t y that… 遗憾的是…… It’s a fact that …事实是……
It’s good news that…是好消息…… It’s a wonder that…不足为奇……
It’s an honour that… 非常荣幸…… It’s a shame that…真是可耻……
It’s common knowledge that … 是常识…
③It +不及物动词+that 从句
It seems that… 似乎…… I t happened that…碰巧……
It appea rs that…看来…… It turns out that…结果……
④It is/was +过去分词+that 从句
It’s not known that… ……不得而知I t’s said that… 据说……
It’s reported that… 据报道…… It’s decided that…尚未决定
It’s believed that… 据认为…… I t’s announced that…据宣布……
It suddenl y struck me (occur to me that… 我突然想到（感觉到）……
⑤其他
It doesn’t matter … 是无关紧要的
It makes no difference …毫无区别……
It is of little consequence that…无关紧要
2、由连接代词引导的主语从句。
（1）连接代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等，引导主语从句时，它们分别在从句中担任主语、宾语或定语，不能省略。
Whoever leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.走得最晚的应当关灯。
What you have done might do harm to other people. 你的行为可能伤害别人。
（2）what引导主语从句“……的东西/事情”时，可用来表示the thing(s)which这种意思，引导从句，表示一样东西与一件事情，这种用法的what称为关系代词型what，who，whom，which，what可以和ever构成合成词，和what 一样引导从句，ever起强调作用。这些关系词在句子中充当成分，所以不能省略。此类主语从句不能用形式主语it 引导。
What I need (=The thing which I need) is a mobile phone.我所需要的是一部移动电话。
Whoever leaves the office (=Any one who leaves the office)should tell me.无论是谁离开办公室都应该告诉我。
3、连接副词引导的主语从句。
连接副词有when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等引导主语从句时，它们在从句中担任状语，不能省略。此类主语从句可以转换为以it作形式主语的句子。
Why he didn't come here is not clear to anyone.他为什么没来谁也不清楚。
三、表语从句
用作表语的从句叫作表语从句，它位于主句中的连系动词之后。引导表语从句的词有从属连词that、whether、as though(if)；关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等；关系副词when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever等。可以接表语从句的连系动词由be, look, remain, seem等。That 引导表语从句时，在口语中，间或可以省略。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的表语从句。
that在引导表语从句时无词义，而whether有词义，意为、“是否”。这时主句的主语常常是些抽象名词，如question(问题)，trouble(麻烦)，problem(问题)，result(结果)，chance(可能性)，suggestion(建议)，idea(想法)，reason(理由)等。表语从句对主句主语进行说明、解释，使主语的内容具体化。
The trouble is (that) she has lost his money. 麻烦的事是他丢了钱。
The question is whether we need more ice cream.问题是我们是否还需要一些冰淇淋。
2、由关系代词引导的表语从句。
关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever等引导表语从句，在句中作主语、宾语、表语，关系代词不能省略。
The question is which of us should go.问题是我们哪一个应该去。
The problem was who could do the work.问题是谁能做这项工作。
3、由关系副词引导的表语从句。
Go and get your coat. It's where you left it. 去把雨衣拿来。就在你原来放的地方。
That is what he is worried about. 那就是他所担心的。
4、由连词because，as if/as though等引导的表语从句。
It looked as if it was going to snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
四、同位语从句
用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在抽象名词fact，idea，news，hope，belief，thought，truth，doubt，suggestion，warning, instruction，reason，information, question等之后，对这些名词进行说明或解释。引导同位语从句的词除连词that，whether外，还有关系代词what, which, who, 以及关系副词how，when，where，why等。
1、由从属连词that，whether引导的同位语从句。
I didn't receive the news that the meeting had been put off.我没有听到会议被推迟的消息。
2、由关系代词引导的同位语从句。
You can have no idea what he said.你根本想不到他说了些什么。
3、由关系副词引导的同位语从句。
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。
4、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。
（1）同位语从句相当于名词，它对其前的名词起补充说明或进一步解释其内容的作用；而定语从句的功能相当于形容词，它对其先行词起修饰、描述或限制作用。
The suggestion (that) she has put forward is very good.她提出的建议很好。(定语从句)
The suggestion that we clean the classroom by turns is very good.我们轮流打扫教室，这个建议很好。(同位语从句)
（2）引导定语从句的that是关系代词，在从句中充当某种成分，作宾语时可省略；而引导同位语从句的that是连接词，在从句中不作任何成分，也不能省略。
The fact (that) we talked about is important.我们所谈论的情况很重要。(定语从句，that作从句中介词about 的宾语)
The fact that he succeeded in the experiment pleased everybody.他的实验成功了，这使大家很高兴。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)
（3）引导定语从句的when，where是关系副词，不但在句中充当句子成分，还有与其含义相当的先行词；而引导同位语从句的when，where是关系副词，虽可以在从句中充当句子成分，但没有与之含义相当的先行词。
Gone forever are the days when Chinese people were bullied.中国人民受欺侮的时候一去不复返了。(定语从
句，the days与when构成含义相当的搭配关系)
I have no idea when he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来。(同位语从句，idea与when在含义上没有任何搭配关系)
（4）同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词，如：idea, belief, conclusion, impression，fact，news，idea，thought，hope，order, suggestion，belief等，而定语从句的先行词是各种抽象概念的词或具体概念的词。
He expressed the hope that he would wri te a novel someday.他表示希望有一天能写小说。（同位语从句）
I will never forget the days when we were in Liangxiang together.我永远忘不了我们在良乡的日子。（定语从句）
五、宾语从句(object clauses)
用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的位置与陈述句基本结构中的宾语相同。宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可以作介词和非谓语动词（动词不定式、动名词、分词）和某些形容词的宾语。宾语从句可以由从属连词that whether、if，关系代词what, who, whose, which和关系副词when、where、how、why等引导。
1、作动词宾语
（1）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句。that引导宾语从句时，只起引导词作用，在句中不做成分，在口语和非正式文体中常省去。
I think (that) he'll be right in a few days. 我认为他几天后就会好的。
I wish （that）she would understand me.我希望她理解我。
（2）由关系代词what, who, whose, which引导的宾语从句，在句中作成分，即主语、宾语、表语和定语，关系代词在句中不能省略。
A computer can only do what you have instructed i t to do．计算机只能按人的指令去做。
Do you know whom they are waiting for?你知道他们在等谁吗？
（3）关系副词when，where，how，why等引导宾语从句。
关系副词when，where，how，why 既有疑问意义，又起连接作用，而且在宾语从句中充当各种状语，分别表时间、地点、方式、原因。在句中不能省略。
Please tell me when we shall discuss our plan. 请告诉我我们将何时讨论计划。
I don't know where we are going to have the meeting. 我不知道我们将在哪里开会。
（4）由从属连词whether或if引导的宾语从句。
I wonder whether (if) daughters are valued as much as sons in the countryside. 我想知道在乡下女
儿是否和儿子一样受到重视。
I don't know whether (if) you are willing to help me. 我不知道你是否愿意帮我。
注意：whether 和if的区别，请参考概述部分。
（5）动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
动词如：advise, ask, inform, promise, question, remind, show, teach, tell, warn等，宾语从句前可以有一个间接宾语，这个宾语有时可以省略，有的不能省略。
He has informed me when they are to discuss my proposal.他已经通知我们将什么时候讨论我的建议。(me 不可省略)
She promised (us) that she would give us m ore help later on.她答应以后给我们更多的帮助。(us可省略) 2、作介词宾语
It depends on whether he is coming or not. 这要看他是否会来。
I was curious as to what we could do next.我想知道下一步我们该做什么。
注意：that引导的宾语从句只在in, but, except,besides等少数介词后作宾语，形成固定搭配，in that在于（因为），but that要不是(只是)，except that除了……。
The higher income tax is harmful in that i t may discourage people from trying to earn more.所得税过高是有害的，因为它可能使人不愿多赚钱。
3、作形容词宾语。
that引导的从句在下列形容词后面作宾语，that可以省略。
Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content, proud等。
I am not certain whether I have met him before.我不能肯定从前是否见过他。
I'm sorry (that) you're ill. 你病了，我很难过。
4、it充当形式宾语，真正的宾语---宾语从句后置。
正如我们常用it充当形式主语代替主语从句一样，我们也常用it用作形式宾语代替宾语从句，把真正的宾语从句后置。特别是带复合宾语的句子中。在这种结构中that不可省略。有下列几种情况：
（1）在believe, consider, declare, estimate, fancy, feel, find, guess,hear, imagine, know, make, prove, reckon, think, understand 等动词接复合宾语（宾语＋宾补）时，要用it作形式宾语。
She thinks it wrong that he didn't answer the phone．她认为他不接电话是不对的。
（2）在like，enjoy，love，hate,take 等表“喜怒哀乐”的动词，后若要跟宾语从句时，需跟形式宾语it。
I hate it when people talk with their mouths ful l.我不喜欢人们满口饭说话。
I like it that everyone passed the exam．都通过了考试我很喜欢。
（3）由动词和介词构成的短语动词后接that 宾语从句时，要用形式宾语。如：
We are thinking of it that we'll lend you some money．我正在考虑借给你钱的事。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我负责把他照顾好。（4）用于“动词+宾语+介词短语”的句型中。
Keep i t in mind that you have to be home by ten o’clock.要记住你得十点钟之前回家。
We took it for granted that he would come.我们认为他来是当然的。
(5)不可直接跟that从句的动词。
下列动词不可直接接that从句：ask, refuse, let, like, cause, force, condemn, admire, celebrate, entreat, dislike （厌恶）, overlook, love, help, take, forgive, bid, hate, hear（听见）, see（看见）, want（想要）等，但可用i t, the fact做媒介，后接that从句；或接动名词、不定式。
He overlooked i t that he had made another mistake.(正确)
He overlooked the fact that he had made another mistake. (正确)
He overlooked that he had made another mistake.(错误)
他忽视了一件事，他又犯了一个错误。
I admire it that they won the match. (正确)
I admire the fact that they won the match. (正确)
I admire that they won the match. (错误)
我很羡慕，他们赢得了比赛。
5、that引导宾语从句的省略。
（1）主句谓语动词是agree, argue, hold, learn, maintain, observe, contend, conceive, reckon, remark, state, suggest, assume, announce, calculate, indicate等时，其后宾语从句的引导词that一般不可省略；主句谓
语动词是hear, know, say, see, confess consider, declare, understand, propose等时，其后宾语从句的引
导词that可以省略，也可以不省略；主句谓语动词是think, suppose, believe, presume, dare say等时，
其后宾语从句的引导词that可以省略。
He suggested that we should set of f at 8 o’clock tomorrow morning.他建议我们明天早晨8点走。(that 不可省略)
I think (that) this is very important.我认为这很重要。(that可省略)
（2）当一个句子很复杂，句中有多个状语时，that不可省略；或者一个句子有多个并列的宾语从句时，特别第一个宾语从句特别长，后面的宾语从句的that不可省略；谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语时，that不
可省去。
He said you needn't worry and that he would help you . 他说你没有必要着急，他会帮助你的。（said之后可省去that，但第二个that不可省去）
We decide, as he has suggested, that we will start out tomorrow. 就像他建议的那样，我们决定明天动身。
6、否定转移。
（1）如果主句的谓语动词是“think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等，其后的宾语从句如含有否定意义，一定要把否定词一道主句谓语上，从句谓语动词用肯定形式。
I don’t think he can do it better than me.我想他不会比我干得好。
I don’t believe he treated the child like that.我相信他不会那样对待孩子的。
（2）think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等此类动词后，在简略答语中，用so 替代前文肯定的宾语从句；若替代一个否定的宾语从句，用not 或not…so 替代前文整个从句。
-I believe we've met somewhere before．
-No，I don't think so．
“我认为我们从前在哪见过。” “没有，我认为我们以前没见过。”
-Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend？
-I believe not．
“你认为这周末会下雨吗？”“我认为不会。”
注意：hope 只能说I hope not 一种形式，因为 hope 不能否定转移。
③如果think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, reckon, imagine等前有副词或表示强调的do, does, did；或者同其它词构成并列谓语；或者不以现在时出现；或者用作插入语中。这时候不用否定转移。
I really expect she didn’t say that to him.我确实希望她不和他说那件事。
I think and hope that he won’t be deceived by the man.我认为也希望他不会被那个人欺骗。
7、时态的呼应与语序。
在宾语从句中只能用陈述句语序，时态呼应上要遵循以下三条原则：
（1）如果主句谓语是一般现在时或将来时，宾语从句的谓语可根据意思的需要使用任何一种时态。
Can you make sure where Alice has put the gold ring？你能确定爱丽丝把金戒指放到什么地方了吗？
They have no idea at all where he has gone．他们一点也不知道他去了哪。
Do you know who he was talking with at eight last night？你知道他昨晚和谁一起说话吗？
（2）如果主句谓语是一般过去时，宾语从句要用表示过去的某一时态。如：
He said he would come to see us the next day. 他说他明天将来看我们。
I wanted to know whether he had been to Beijing. 我想知道他是否去过北京。
（3）如果宾语从句是表示客观事实、真理等，不管主句是什么时态，宾语从句一律用一般现在时。
Dick asked Lucy how old she is．迪克问露斯她多大了。
The teacher said the sun rises in the east．老师说太阳从东方升起。
第三节巩固提高
1._______you don’t like him is none of my business.
A.That
B.Who
C.What
D.Whether
2.________the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not Known yet.
A.Whenever
B.If
C.Whether
D.That
3.It worried her a bit_______her hair was turning grey.
A.while
B.if
C.that
D.for
4._______ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.
A. Anyone
B. The person
C. Whoever
D. Who
5. _______ you have done might do harm to other people.
A. That
B. What
C. Which
D. This
6. _______ he said is true.
A. What
B. That
C. Which
D. Whether
7. ________he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.)
A.What
B.That
C.The fact
D.The matter
8. _______caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A.What
B.That
C.How
D.Where
9. Little Tommy was reluctant to tell the schoolmaster ______we had done the day before．
A．that B．how C．where D．what
10.They want to know ______ do to help us．
A．what can they B．what they can
C．that can they D．that they can
11. Do you know _______ ？
A．what is his name B．how is his name
C．what his name is D．how his name is
12.I remember ______ this used to be a quiet village．
A．when B．how C．where D．what
13.No one can be sure _______ in a million years．
A．what man will look like B．what will man look like
C．man will look like what D．what look will man like
14.He asked ______ for the violin．
A．did I pay how much B．I paid how much
C．how much did I pay D．how much I paid
15.Can you make sure ________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put
B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put
D. where has Alice put
16.You can't imagine ________ when they received these nice Christmas presents.
A. how they were excited
B. how excited they were
C. how excited were they
D. they were ex cited
17.Can you make sure ______ the gold ring？
A．where Alice had put B．where had Alice put
C．where Alice has put D．where has Alice put
18.They have no idea at all _____．
A．where he has gone B．where did he go
C．which place has he gone D．when has he gone
19.—I believe we've met somewhere before．
—No，_______．
A．it isn't the same B．it can't be true
C．I don't think so D．I'd rather not
20.Go and get your coat. It's________you left it.
A. there
B. where
C. there where
D. where there
21.I had neither a raincoat nor an umbrella. ________I got wet through.
A.It’s the reason
B.That’s why
C.There’s why
D.It’s how
22.________she couldn’t understand was________fewer and fewer students showed inter est in her lessons.
A.What;why
B.That;what
C.What;because
D.Why;that
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4012368971.html,rmation has been put forward_______more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.
A.while
B.that
C.when
D.as
24. They have no idea at all_______.
A. where he has gone
B. where did he go
C. which place has he gone
D. where has he gone
25.It worried her a bit _______ her hair was turning grey.
A. while
B. that
C. if
D. for
26.._______ caused the accident is still a complete mystery.
A. What
B. That
C. How
D. Where
27. _______the 2000 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing is not known yet.
A. That
B. If
C. Whether
D. Whenever
28. _______ has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.
A. Who
B. The one
C. Anyone
D. Whoever
29. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _______ shares her interests.
A. anyone
B. whomever
C. whoever
D. no matter who
30. It was a matter of _______ would take the position.
A. who
B. whoever
C. whom
D. whomever
31. I remember ________ this used to be a quiet place.
A. when
B. how
C. where
D. what
32. The photographs will show you ________.
A. What does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
33. Can you make sure _______ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put
B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put
D. where has Alice put
34. No one can be sure_______ in a million years.
A. what man will look like
B. what will man look like
C. man will look like what
D. what look will man like
35. He asked _______ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
36. Does ________matter if he can't finish the job on time?
A. this
B. that
C. he
D. it
37.. The police found that the house_______ and a lot of things _______.
A. has broken into; has been stolen
B. had broken into; had been stolen
C. has been broken into; stolen
D. had been broken into; stolen
38. We were all surprised when he made it clear that he ______ office soon.
A. leaves
B. would leave
C. left
D. had left
39. _________they have won the game made us excited.
A./
B.That
C.What
D.Where
40. ________I accept the gift or refuse it is none of your business.
A.If
B.Whether
C.Even if
D.When
41. _________he says in his report is a very interesting question.
A.What all
B.All what
C.What
D.What that
42. When they will start________not been decided.
A.have
B.is
C.does
D.has
43. _______certain that his invention will lead to the development of production.
A.That is
B.This is
C.It is
D.It has
44. ________is unknown to us all.
A.Where did she put it
B.Where she put it
C.That where she put it
D.In which she put it
45. ________nothing to do with us.
A.What she did have
B.What she did is
C.What did he do has
D.What she has done has
46. The trouble is________we are short of hands.
A.what
B.that
C.how
D.which
47. Energy is_________makes things work.
A.what
B.everything
C.something
D.that
48. My hometown is not________it used to_______ten years ago.
A.when, do
B.what, do
C.what, be
D.when, be
49. The reason_______I have to go is _______my mother is ill in bed.
A.why, why
B.why, because
C.why, that
D.that, because
50. The thought________he might fail in the exam worried him.
A.which
B.that
C.when
D.so that
参考答案：1.A 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.A 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.C 12.A 13.A 14.D 15.C 16.B 17.C 18.A 19.C 20.B 21.B 22.A 23.B 24.A 25.B 26.A 27.C 28.D 29.C 30.A 31.A 32.B 33.C 34.A 35.D 36.D 37.D 38.B 39.B 40.B 41.C 42.D 43.C 44.B 45.D 46.B 47.A48.C 49.C 50.B
（1）表语从句 1．定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导表语从句的关联词的种类： (1) 从属连词that。如： The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 (2) 从属连词whether, as, as if。如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before. 他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us. 问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago, but it's as if it was only yesterday. gh能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be, seem, look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain. 看起来天要下雨了。 连接副词 where, when, how, why。 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic. 那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1．连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much. 我想这是因为你做得太多。 2．在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。（2）主语从句 1．定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2．构成：关联词+简单句 3．引导主语从句的关联词有三类： (1) 从属连词that。如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 (2) 从属连词whether。如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear. 他是否会来这里还不清楚。 (3) 连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whatever, whichever 连接副词 where, when, how, why。如： What she did is not yet known. 她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome. 不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home ---- my only home. 你所在的任何地方就是我的家----我唯一的家。 解释： 1．主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有： A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, natural, surprising, good, wonderful, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。如： It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is probable that he told her everything. 很可能他把一切都告诉她了。 B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, etc.)+that
定语从句专项练习2018.1.16 1. The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2. Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3. This is the hotel _______last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4. Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5. That is the day ______I'll never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6. The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7. Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8. This is one of the best films _______. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9. Can you lend me the book ______the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10. The pen ______he is writing is mine. A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which 11. They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12. The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old. A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom 13. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose 14. I’m interested in ______you have said. A. all that B. all what C. that D. which 15. I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16. He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-定语从句（解析 版） 【2020年】 1.（2020·江苏卷）Many lessons are now available online, from __________ students can choose for free. A. whose B. which C. when D. whom 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons，关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which 引导。故选B。 3.（2020·天津卷）Dr. Rowan, __________ secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing. A. whose B. of whom C. of which D. which 【答案】A 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。______ secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan，引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan’s ”，表示“……的” ，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。 3.（2020·新课标Ⅲ卷）In ancient China lived an artist61 paintings were almost lifelike. 【答案】whose 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词artist，且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。 【2019年】 1.【2019·江苏卷】We have entered into an age _______ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A. which B. what C. when D. that 【答案】C 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行词为an age（一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。 2.【2019·天津卷】Their child is at the stage__________ she can say individual words but not full sentences. A. why B. where C. which D. what 【答案】B 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can
高中英语状语从句讲解汇总 原因从句 除了下面A2，A3中所示各种类型外，这两种从句均可由as或because来引导。但是用as引导原因从句较为稳妥（参见A）；用because引导结果／原因从句较为稳妥（参见B）。 A 原因从句 1 由as／because／since 引导的原因从句： We camped there as／because／since it was too dark to go on． 我们在那里露宿是因为天太黑，不能再继续往前走了。 As／Because／Since it was too dark to go on，we camped there． [ 因为天太黑不能再继续往前走，我们就在那儿露宿了。 2 in view of the fact that可用as／since／seeing that来表示，但不能用because： As／Since／Seeing that you are here，you may as well give me a hand． 既然你在这儿，你就帮我个忙吧。 As／Since／Seeing that Tom knows French，he’d better do the talking． 既然汤姆懂法语，最好让他来谈。 3 在as／since／seeing that意指以前共知的或共知的陈述时，可用if来代替： ~ As／Since／Seeing that／If you don’t like Bill，why did you invite him 既然／如果你不喜欢比尔，你为什么邀请了他 注意：if so的用法： —I hope Bill won’t come． —If so（＝If you hope he won’t come），why did you invite him —我希望比尔别来。 —如果这样（=如果你希望他不来），你为什么邀请了他 关于if＋so／not，参见第347节。 ~ B 结果从句由because或as引导： The fuse blew because we had overloaded the circuit． 保险丝烧断了，因为我们使线路超载了。 He was angry because we were late． 他生气是因为我们来晚了。 As it froze hard that night there was ice everywhere next day． 因为那天晚上冷得厉害，所以第二天到处都是冰。 ~ As the soup was very salty we were thirsty afterwards． 因为这汤很咸，后来我们渴得厉害。
定语从句专项练习 一、单项选择 1.The old temple roof was damaged in storm is now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose 2.He is one of those people _____ everybody will find _____ hard to please. A. that; being B. whom; / C. who; is D. which; to be 3.We are living in an age most of things are done on cell phones. A. which B. that C. whose D. when 4.Nowadays, more and more young ladies, figures most are fine enough, are going on a diet. A. who B. whose C. of whose D. of whom 5.Could you show me the mobile phone you'd like ________? A. to repair it B. repairing it C. to have repaired D. having it repaired 6.On her birthday, she received a nice present from her parents ________ a note was attached, saying "We love you so much." A. that B. to which C. in which D. which 7.The old bank, _____ appearance is not a pretty sight, is extremely beautiful on the inside. A. whose B. where C. when D. which 8.It rained this morning, _____ actually didn't bother me because I like walking in the rain. A. what B. when C. where D. which 9.I keep the picture where I can see it every day, reminds me of the days in my hometown. A. that B. which C. who D. when 10.Newly released data point to an increase in technology use among children some worry is changing the very nature of childhood. A. why B. which C. who D. where 11.Mandela was generous with his time, Elias was grateful. A. to which B. for which C. which D. to whom 12.There is no simple answer, is often the case in science. A. when B. that C. as D. where 13.It is the third time that she has won the race, has surprised us all. A. that B. where C. which D. what 14.I shall never forget the day ________ Shen Zhou V was launched. A. when B. that C. which D. where
专题十名词性从句 第一节基本知识与基本概念 【什么是名词性从句？】 顾名思义，主语从句在句子中作主语。有时本身出现在主语的位置上，也有时出于句子结构的考虑退到句子的尾部，前面用形式主语it代替。从句作主语时，谓语动词一般为单数形式。如: What I saw was beyond any verbal description. That his hair was turning grey worried him a bit. Why the company denied the contract is still unknown. When and where the government will build a city square is under discussion. It is pretty annoying that a small part of the machine is missing. It remains to be seen whether the new novel will be well received. 【宾语从句】 在句子中作宾语的从句就是宾语从句。由于这是同学们接触比较早的一种从句，应该问题不大。所以在近年的高考题中，以宾语从句的知识作为考点的题目较少。但是，宾语从句也有自己的特殊情况，如介词的宾语，形容词的宾语，宾语从句提前和并列的宾语从句等现象。如： We assumed that there would be more than 100 guests. He told the police in detail what he saw and heard. Nobody is sure what humans will look like in a million years. That will depend on whether they can get the chance. Whether I will have the time I am not sure at the moment. The conductor complained that we were not gifted in singing and that he would never come again. 【表语从句】 表语从句的最重要脸谱就是它们应该出现在系动词的后面。如： The only question left is how often the workers are paid. His idea for the coming weekend is that we go skating. 【同位语从句】 从脸谱上看，同位语从句最为麻烦。因为它们也是出现在一个名词的后面，起着解释说明的作用。
（英语）定语从句练习题含答案及解析 一、定语从句 1．This is the bike_______I lost last week. A．that B．what C．who D．whose 【答案】A 【解析】 试题分析：句意：这是我上周丢失的那辆自行车。此句是一个定语从句。bike为先行词，当先行词为物时，引导词应该用that/which，故答案为A。 考点：考查定语从句。 2．Norman Bethune was a great man _____ gave his life to help the Chinese people. A．which B．who C．whose D．what 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意：诺尔曼白求恩是一位伟大的人，他毕生致力于帮助中国人民。空格前名词man意为“人”，是先行词，后面是用来修饰这个名词，是定语从句部分，先行词指人，在定语从句中做主语，可以使用关系代词who/that，不能使用which（指物）/whose（指所属关系），what不能用来引导定语从句，故选B。 3．Linda will never forget the words her father told her. A．that B．who C．where D．what 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 句意：Linda将永远不会忘记她父亲告诉她的这些话。that关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词可以为人或物；who关系代词，引导定语从句，先行词为人；where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语；what什么，常引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句。根据句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，修饰空前的the words，指物，且在从句中作宾语，故应选A。 4．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。
高中英语从句大全 1）表语从句 1.定义：用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导表语从句的关联词的种类： （1）从属连词that.如： The trouble is that I have lost his address.麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。 （2）从属连词whether，as，as if.如： He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。 The question is whether they will be able to help us.问题是他们是否能帮我们。 注：从属连词if一般不用来引导表语从句，但as if却可引导表语从句，如： All this was over twenty years ago，but it’s as if it was only yesterday. 这都是20多年前的事了，但宛如昨天一样。 能跟表语从句的谓语动词一般为系动词be，seem，look等。如： It looked as if it was going to rain.看起来天要下雨了。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why. 如：The problem is who we can get to replace her.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。 The question is how he did it.问题是他是如何做此事的。 That was what she did this morning on reaching the attic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。 解释： 1.连词because可引导表语从句。如： I think it is because you are doing too much.我想这是因为你做得太多。 2.在一些表示“建议、劝说、命令”的名词后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。如： My suggestion is that we （should）start early tomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。2）主语从句 1.定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。 2.构成：关联词+简单句 3.引导主语从句的关联词有三类： （1）从属连词that.如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them. 很明显，她们确是亲姐妹，她们的脸型很相似。 （2）从属连词whether.如： Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。 （3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever 连接副词where，when，how，why.如： What she did is not yet known.她干了什么尚不清楚。 How this happened is not clear to anyone.这事怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 Whoever comes is welcome.不论谁来都欢迎。 Wherever you are is my home —— my only home.你所在的任何地方就是我的家——我
高中英语定语从句专项练习题 1. Don’t talk about such things of __________ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those 2. Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one 3. Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 4. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one 5. The wolves hid themselves in the places __________ couldn’t be found. A. that B. where C. in which D. in that 6. The freezing point is the temperature __________ water changes into ice. A. at which B. on that C. in which D. of what 7. This book will show you __________ can be used in other contexts.. A. how you have observed B. what you have observed C. that you have observed D. how that you have observed 8. The reason is __________ he is unable to operate the machine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether 9. I’ll tell you __________ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which 10. That tree, __________ branches are almost bare, is very old. A. whose B. of which C. in which D. on which 11. I have bought the same dress __________ she is wearing. A. as B. that C. which D. what 12. He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry. A. which B. it C. that D. what 13. We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that 14. The girl __________ an English song in the next room is Tom’s sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing 15. Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn B. who C. that learns D. who learn 16. Anyone __________ this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against 17. Didn’t you see the man __________? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now 18. Can you lend me the novel __________ the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about
名词性从句 名词性从句指在复合句中起名词作用的从句，它在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语或同位语。名词性从句既是中学英语教学的重点，也是高考考查的热点。 一、名词性从句的分类 名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。其连接词有that, if, whether；连接代词who, what, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。 考查热点一：对主语从句的考查 主语从句在复合句中充当主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。但为了保持句子平衡，多数情况下可用it作形式主语，而把主语从句置于句尾。 考查热点二：对宾语从句的考查 宾语从句在句子中作及物动词或介词的宾语。如果主句的谓语动词是及物动make, find, see, think等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作形式宾语。另外，某些作表语的形容词，如sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后也可以带宾语从句。 考查热点三：对表语从句的考查 表语从句在句子中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。 一、什么是表语（predicative） 在形式上，位于系动词后的就是表语。从含义上讲，表语是回答主语“是什么”或“怎么样”的语法成分。即是指“是”字句“是”字后面的成分。表语就是起表述作用的句子成分。它修饰的是主语。表语是用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的。表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、动词的-ed、从句来充当，它常位于连系动词（be, become, appear, seem等）之后。 Albert Einstein was a famous professor of physics.
一定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。汉语中常用‘……的’表示。定语主要由形容词担任。此外名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式（短语）、分词也可以做定语。 a beautiful city; a bag full of money.注意：汉语的定语无论多长都放在被修饰词的前面，而英语中的定语则不然，是一个词时，放在被修饰词的前面，若是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后面， thirty women teachers ; his father; the girl in red. the boy from America Our monitor is always the first student to enter the classroom. falling leaves; fallen leaves; the boy playing basketball; the book bought by my mother; a reading room; a swimming pool He is the man who you are looking for. 二：定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why. 1. I have an apple. An apple is red. I have an apple that/which is red. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 2.I like some friends. Some friends like sports. I like friends who like sports. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 3.I like music. The music is quiet. I like music that/which is quiet. ↑↑ 先行词关系代词 关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句，连接主从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。 （二）关系代词引导的定语从句 1．who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 The boys who are playing football are from Class One. Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7 tomorrow morning. Yesterday I helped an old man who had lost his way. That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2．whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略。 Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. Li Ming is just the boy ( whom ) I want to see. The professor ( whom ) you are waiting for has come. The girl ( whom ) the teacher often praises is our monitor. 注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。 The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend. 3．Which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys. He likes to read books which are written by foreign writers. The house which is by the lake looks nice. This is the pen ( which ) he bought yesterday.
01 有关概念 由一个主句和一个或一个以上从句构成的句子叫做复合句。所谓主句，就是在复合句中起统领作用 的句子，它是全句的主体，通常可以独立存在；而从句则是复合句的一个句子成分，不能独立存在。 如： You’ll feel better after you take the pills. 吃完药丸后你会感到好一些。 The police learned that he wasn’t there at that time. 警察获知他那时不在场。 这两句都是复合句，第一句的主句是You’ll feel better，从句是after you take the pills，由after 引导，在整个复合句中用作状语，表示时间；第二句的主句是The police learned是主句，that he wasn’t there at that time是从句，由that引导，在整个复合句中用作宾语。 注意，英语的复合句不是简单句的反面，不要将它误解为“复杂句”。事实上，英语的简单句有时 也可以比较“复杂”，而复合句也可以比较“简单”。如： He stopped because he was tired. 他停下来是因为他累了。 这个句子比较“简单”，却是一个典型的复合句，其中的he stopped是主句，because he was tired 是从句，在复合句中用作状语，表示原因。 02 从句的分类 前面我们说到从句是整个复合句的一个句子成分，它可以用作主语、宾语、定语、状语等。一般说 来，一个从句在复合句充当什么成分我们就叫它为什么从句——从句在复合句用作主语，我们就叫 它为主语从句；从句在复合句用作宾语，我们就叫它为宾语从句；从句在复合句用作状语，我们就 叫它为状语从句；等等。 如： He answered that he knew nothing about it. 他回答说他不知情。 The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦的是我把他的地址丢了。 He was rather pleased when he won that prize. 他获奖后相当高兴。 She was not in the train that arrived just now. 她不在刚到的那列车上。
专题四----定语从句 1997-2006年十年高考定语从句汇总 1.（2006上海春季,37）You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, _______is always busy at the weekend. A.that B.where C.what 借题发挥Helen was much kinder to her youngest child than she was to the others, _____,of course,made others je A.who B.that C.what 2.（2005全国Ⅰ,24） A.of them C.who of 借题发挥 3.（2005北京,35）—— A.who to turn to D.for her to tur 4.（2005天津,13） A.that B.whose C.those 你见到了丢包的那个姑娘了吗？ The house whose roof(=the roof of which) was damaged has now been repaired.房顶受损的房子现在已修好了。 他是一个说话极可靠的人。 这就是那个零件小得难以看清的新机器。 5.（2005上海,40）If a shop has chairs__________women can park their men,women will spend more time in the shop. A.that B.which C.when 借题发挥 6.（2005辽宁,28）I walked in our garden, __________Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees. A.which B.when C.where 7.（2005江苏,32）The place__________the bridge is supposed to be built should be the cross-river traffic is the heaviest. A.which;where 8.（2005浙江,2） A.which B.that C.this 9.（2005浙江,17）__________I explained on the phone,your request will be considered at the next meeting. A.When B.After C.As 误区警示引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，对其进行说明。但一般用于像as we all know，as is known to all，as it is，as is said above，as is reported in the newspaper，as mentioned above，as is usual，as is often the case等句式中。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，且引出的从句位置比 较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可插入主句中间。通常均由逗号将其与主句隔开。 10.（2005福建,35）—— A.that B.which C.where 11.（2005湖北,29） A.who B.that C.what 12.（2005湖南,27） A.that B.in which C.by which 13.（2005广东,35）Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered scenes__________people were eaten by t A.in which B.by which C.which 14.（2005重庆,32）Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to A.during which time 15.（2005山东,30）He was educated at a local grammar school, __________he went on to Cambridge. A.from which 借题发挥Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, __________obtaining water is not the least. A.of which 16.（2005江西,25）The schools themselves admit that not all chil