Picture in your mind all the dishes that go to make up your ideal meal. Now take away all the dishes with meat in them. Not much left on the table? Then Joseph Pace has a word or two to say to you in an attempt to get you to change your eating habits.
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想像一下组成你理想美食的全部菜肴。再把含肉的菜肴全部拿走。桌上就所剩无几了吧？好，约瑟夫·派斯有几句话要对你说，想劝你改变饮食习惯。
Let's Go Veggie!
Joseph Pace
1 If there was a single act that would improve your health, cut your risk of food-borne illnesses, and help preserve the environment and the welfare of millions of animals, would you do it?
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咱们吃素吧! 约瑟夫·派斯
如果有一件事，既能增进健康、减少患上食物引起的疾病的危险，又有助于保护环境、保护千万动物安全生存，你做不做？
2 The act I'm referring to is the choice you make every time you sit down to a meal.
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我说的这件事就是每次坐下来就餐时挑选菜肴。
3 More than a million Canadians have already acted: They have chosen to not eat meat. And the pace of change has been dramatic.
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一百多万加拿大人已经行动起来：他们决定不吃肉。变化速度之快令人惊叹。
4 Vegetarian food sales are showing unparalleled growth. Especially popular are meat-free burgers and hot dogs, and the plant-based cuisines of India, China, Mexico, Italy and Japan.
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素食品的销售额大大增加，前所未有。尤受欢迎的是无肉汉堡包和热狗，以及以蔬为主的印度、中国、墨西哥、意大利和日本的菜肴。
5 Fuelling the shift toward vegetarianism have been the health recommendations of medical research. Study after study has uncovered the same basic truth: Plant foods lower your risk of chronic disease; animal foods increase it.
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推动人们转向素食的是医学研究提出的关于如何增进健康的建议。一项又一项的研究都揭示了同样的基本事实：果蔬降低患慢性病的危险；肉类食品则增加这种危险。
6 The American Dietetic Association says: "Scientific data suggest positive relationships between a vegetarian diet and reduced risk for several chronic degenerative diseases."
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美国饮食学协会指出，“科学资料表明，素食与降低多种慢性变性疾病的患病危险肯定有关系。”
7 This past fall, after reviewing 4,500 studies on diet and cancer, the World Cancer Research Fund flatly stated: "We've been running the human biological engine on the wrong fuel."
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去年秋天，在检验了4500个饮食与癌症的研究报告之后，世界癌症研究基金会直截
了当地指出：“我们一向利用不合适的养料来维持人类生理引擎的运转。”
8 This "wrong fuel" has helped boost the cost of degenerative disease in Canada to an estimated $400 billion a year, according to Bruce Holub, a professor of nutritional science at the University of Guelph.
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据威尔夫大学营养科学教授布鲁斯·霍拉勃称，这一“不合适的养料”致使加拿大每年用于治疗变性疾病的费用高达4000亿（加）元。
9 Animal foods have serious nutritional drawbacks: They are devoid of fiber, contain far too much saturated fat and cholesterol, and may even carry traces of hormones, steroids and antibiotics. It makes little difference whether you eat beef, pork, chicken or fish.
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肉类食品存在严重的营养缺陷：它们不含纤维，含有过多的饱和脂肪和胆固醇，甚至可能含有微量的激素、类固醇和抗菌素。牛肉、猪肉、鸡肉或鱼肉都一样。
10 Animal foods are also gaining notoriety as breeding grounds for E. coli, campylobacter and other bacteria that cause illness. According to the Canadian Food Inspection Agency, six out of ten chickens are infected with salmonella. It's like playing Russian roulette with your health.
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肉类食品也是越来越广为人知的大肠杆菌、弯曲菌以及其他致病细菌的孳生地。据加拿大食品检验机构称，十分之六的鸡染有沙门氏菌。吃肉无异于玩俄式轮盘赌，拿你的健康做赌资。
11 So why aren't governments doing anything about this? Unfortunately, they have bowed to pressure from powerful lobby groups such as the Beef Information Center, the Canadian Egg Marketing Agency and the Dairy Farmers of Canada. According to documents retrieved through the Freedom of Information Act, these groups forced changes to Canada's latest food guide before it was released in 1993.
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既然如此，政府为什么不采取任何措施？很遗憾，政府屈服于强有力的院外活动集团的压力，如牛肉信息中心、加拿大禽蛋营销公司、加拿大乳牛场场主协会等。根据信息自由法案获得的有关文件记载，这些集团迫使加拿大最新食品指南在1993年公布前作出修改。
12 This should come as no surprise: Even a minor reduction in recommended intakes of animal protein could cost these industries billions of dollars a year.
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这并不奇怪。即使建议动物蛋白质的摄入量减少一丁点儿都会给这些企业带来每年数十亿元的损失。
13 While health and food safety are compelling reasons for choosing a vegetarian lifestyle, there are also larger issues to consider. Animal-based agriculture is one of the most environmentally destructive industries on the face of the Earth.
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健康和食品安全是选择素食生活方式令人信服的理由，但此外还有更为重大的因素要考虑。以饲养动物为基础的农业是世界上对环境破坏最严重的产业之一。
14 Think for a moment about the vast resources required to raise, feed, shelter, transport, process and package the 500 million Canadian farm animals slaughtered each year. Water and energy are used at every step of the way. Alberta Agriculture calculates that it takes 10 to 20 times more energy to produce meat than to produce grain.
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想一想培育、饲养、建牲畜栏、运输、加工和包装加拿大每年宰杀的5亿头牲畜所需的巨大资源。其中的每一个环节都耗费水和能源。阿尔伯达农业署估计，生产肉耗费的能源比生产谷物多10－20倍。
15 Less than a quarter of our agricultural land is used to feed people directly. The rest is devoted to grazing and growing food for animals. Ecosystems of forest, wetland and grassland have been decimated to fuel the demand for land. Using so much land heightens topsoil loss, the use of harsh fertilizers and pesticides, and the need for irrigation water from dammed rivers. If people can shift away from meat, much of this land could be converted back to wilderness.
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用于直接为人们提供食物的土地还不到农业用地的四分之一。其余的都用来放牧和种饲料。森林、湿地和草原的生态系统遭受相当严重的破坏，以满足对土地的需求。土地的大量利用加剧了表土的流失，增加了会带来负面作用的化肥和杀虫剂的施用，增加了从筑有水坝的河流中引水灌溉的需求。如果人们能摒弃肉食，许多土地就能回复到未开垦状态。
16 The problem is that animals are inefficient at converting plants to edible flesh. It takes, for example, 8.4 kilograms of grain to produce one kilogram of pork, the U. S. government estimates. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
问题在于，动物在把植物转化为可食用的肉类这方面的效率很低。举例来说，美国政府估测，生产1公斤猪肉需要耗费8.4 公斤的谷物。
17 After putting so many resources into animals, what do we get out? Manure — at a rate of over 10,000 kilograms per second in Canada alone, according to the government. Environment Canada says cattle excrete 40 kilograms of manure for every kilogram of edible beef. A large egg factory can produce 50 to 100 tonnes of waste per week, the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture estimates.
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我们把这么多资源耗费在动物身上，又得到什么回报呢？粪肥——据官方资料，仅加拿大，就以每秒10,000多公斤的速度排出。加拿大环境部称，牛每产1公斤可食牛肉需排出40公斤粪便。安大略省农业部估测，一家大型禽蛋工厂每星期可产出50－100吨禽粪。
18 And where does it go? In the 1992 Ontario Groundwater Survey, 43 per cent of tested wells were contaminated with agricultural run-off containing fecal coliform bacteria and nitrates. Earlier this month, charges were laid against a large Alberta feedlot operator for dumping 30 million litres of cattle manure into the Bow River, "killing everything in its path," as a news story described it. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
这些粪便都到哪儿去了？1992年安大略省地下水调查发现，43%的被测试水井都受到含有粪便大肠杆菌和硝酸盐等农业生产排出的废物的污染。本月初，阿尔伯达一家大型围栏肥育地经营者被指控将3千万升牛粪排入博河，“沿途生灵悉数被毁”，一则新闻这么报道。
19 And then there is methane, a primary contributing gas in global warming and ozone layer depletion. Excluding natural sources, 27 per cent of Canada's and 20 per cent of the world's methane comes from livestock.
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此外还有沼气，那是促使全球气候变暖和臭氧层减少的主要气体。不把天然沼气资源包括在内，加拿大27%的沼气、全世界20%的沼气都来自牲畜。
20 John Robbins, author of the Pulitzer prize-nominated book Diet for a New America (Group West), said it best when he stated: "Eating lower on the food chain is perhaps the most potent
single act we can take to halt the destruction of our environment and preserve our natural resources."
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获普利策提名奖的《新美洲饮食》一书作者约翰·罗宾斯说得好：“食用食物链较低部分的食物或许是我们可用以阻止环境破坏、保护自然资源的最最有效的行动。”
21 Our environment also includes the animals killed for their meat. It has become an accepted fact that today's factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives.
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我们的环境也包括为食其肉而被宰杀的动物。当今工厂化农场的牲畜寿命极短，过着悲惨的、不正常的生活，这已是公认的事实。
22 As part of my research at the University of Waterloo, I toured some of the country's largest "processing" plants. The experience has left me with recurring nightmares.
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作为我在沃特卢大学研究工作的一部分，我参观过一些全国最大的“加工”厂。这个经历让我日后尽做噩梦。
23 I saw "stubborn" cows being beaten and squealing pigs chased around the killing floor with electric calipers.
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我见到“固执”的牛被打、尖叫着的猪在屠宰室被人用电卡钳追逐。
24 I looked on in utter shock as a cow missed the stun gun and was hoisted fully conscious upside down by its hind leg and cut to pieces, thrashing until its last breath.
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我万分震惊地目睹一头牛躲过了眩晕枪，结果被缚住后腿倒挂起来，惨遭活剐，一直挣扎到断气。
25 Noticing my shock, the foreman remarked: "Who cares? They're going to die anyway."
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工头见我惊骇不已，便说：“管它呢！它们反正得死。”
26 Because it can cost hundreds of dollars per minute to stop the conveyor line, animal welfare comes second to profit. Over 150,000 animals are "processed" every hour of every working day in Canada, according to Agriculture Canada.
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由于传送线停转一分钟就要损失好几百元，家畜的利益就变得不如利润重要。据加拿大农业署称，在加拿大，每个工作日，每小时有150,000多头家畜被“加工”。
27 The picture gets uglier still. En route to slaughter, farm animals may legally spend anywhere from 36 to 72 hours without food, water or rest. They're not even afforded the "luxury" of temperature controlled trucks in extreme summer heat or sub-zero cold.
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情况变得甚至更可怕。家畜在宰杀前的运输途中，法律允许在36－72小时内不给进食、进水，不让休息。即使在炎夏或零度以下的严冬，它们连乘温控卡车的“奢侈”也不让享受。
28 Agriculture Canada has estimated that more than 3 million Canadian farm animals die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year.
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加拿大农业署估计，加拿大每年有3百多万头家畜在宰杀前的运输途中痛苦地慢慢死
去。
29 I've also visited typical Canadian farms. Gone are the days when piglets snorted and roosters strutted their way about the barnyard. Most of today's modernized farms have long, windowless sheds in which animals live like prisoners their entire lives. I have seen chickens crammed four to a cage, nursing pigs separated from their young by iron bars and veal calves confined to crates so narrow they couldn't turn around. Few of these animals ever experience sunlight or fresh air —and most of their natural urges are denied.
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本人还参观过一些典型的加拿大农场。猪崽喷着鼻息、公鸡在粮仓的空场上昂首行走的日子已经一去不复返。而今大多数的现代化农场都有一个个狭长的、没有窗户的牲畜棚，牲畜一生关在棚里，如囚犯一般。我见到过四只鸡挤在一个笼里，喂奶的母猪与猪崽被铁条隔开，肉用小牛关在狭窄得转不过身来的板条箱里。这些牲畜几乎都终年不见阳光，呼吸不到新鲜空气——它们天生的欲望大都得不到满足。
30 Although it is difficult to face these harsh realities, it is even more difficult to ignore them. Three times a day, you make a decision that not only affects the quality of your life, but the rest of the living world. We hold in our knives and forks the power to change this world.
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面对这种严峻的现实固然困难，置之不理更是难上加难。一日三次，你要做出不仅影响自身生活质量、更是事关整个有生命世界的决定。我们手里的餐刀餐叉拥有改变这个世界的力量。
31 Consider the words of Albert Einstein: "Nothing will benefit human health and increase the chances for survival of life on Earth as the Evolution to a vegetarian diet."
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让我们想一想阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦的话吧：“没有什么比转向素食更有益于人类健康，更能增加世间万物的生存机会。”
32 Bon appetite.
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祝君胃口好。
1. ideal
a. satisfying one's idea of what is perfect; most suitable 理想的，完美的
e.g. In an ideal world no one would go hungry.
2. veggie
n. (infml) = vegetarian or vegetable
3. go veggie
吃素
e.g. This book is packed with useful information to help your family go veggie.
4. food-borne
a. 食物引起的
e.g. Food-borne illnesses are neither long-lasting nor life-threatening.
5. refer to
mention or speak of (sb. / sth.) 提到，说到
e.g. In her autobiography she occasionally refers to her unhappy schooldays.
6. vegetarian
n. a person who, for moral, religious or health reasons, eats no meat 素食者；素食主义者
e.g. Of the four million people who have become vegetarians in Britain, nearly two-thirds are women.
7. unparalleled
a. so great, etc. that it has no equal 无比的；空前的
e.g. They enjoyed success on a scale unparalleled by any previous pop group.
8. burger
n. (infml) hamburger 汉堡包
9. cuisine
n. (style of) cooking 烹饪（风味）
e.g. I can help you find what you need to know about Italian Cuisine.
10. vegetarianism
n. 素食主义
e.g. Vegetarianism is very popular among young people in Britain, especially among teenage girls.
11. recommendation
n. action of recommending; advice 推荐；建议
e.g. Most schools ask you to provide three letters of recommendation.
12. uncover
vt. discover (sth.) previously secret or unknown 揭露；使被知道
e.g. The investigation uncovered evidence of a large-scale illegal trade in wild birds.
13. chronic
a. (esp. of a disease) lasting for a long time; continually recurring （尤指疾病）慢性的，长期的；连续复发的
e.g. Chronic diseases are among the most common and costly health problems.
14. dietetic
a. 饮食(学)的
e.g. Children who are overweight or underweight may benefit from expert dietetic advice.
15. association
n. 协会；联盟；社团
e.g. the British Medical Association
16. degenerative
a. (of a medical condition) getting or likely to get worse 衰退的，退化的
e.g. We should try to change the situation that led to degenerative disease.
17. flatly
ad. in an outright, direct manner 断然，直截了当地
e.g. He flatly denied that he saw what had happened.
18. biological
a. 生物的
e.g. The biological rhythm of a plant is affected by light and heat.
19. boost
vt. increase the strength or value of (sth.) 增加；提高
e.g. The theatre managed to boost its audiences by cutting ticket prices.
20. nutritional
a. 营养的
e.g. Chemical sweeteners have no nutritional value.
21. drawback
n. disadvantage or problem 不利条件；欠缺；障碍
e.g. One of the drawbacks of living with someone is having to share a bathroom.
22. devoid
a. empty (of); lacking (in) 空的;缺少的
23. devoid of
without (sth.); completely lacking in (sth.) 没有；毫无
e.g. He seems to be devoid of any compassion whatsoever.
24. fiber
n. 纤维
e.g. When shopping, one must be familiar with the calorie and fiber content of all foods.
25. cholesterol
n. 胆固醇
e.g. Cholesterol can be both good and bad, so it's important to learn what cholesterol is.
26. trace
n. very small amount; mark, sign, etc. showing what has existed or happened 极微的量；踪迹；形迹
e.g. Traces of drugs were found in his blood.
27. hormone
n. 激素，荷尔蒙
e.g. Growth hormones make livestock gain weight more quickly on less feed.
28. steroid
n. 类化合物，类固醇
e.g. Many individuals past and present have utilize steroids for athletic prestige.
29. antibiotic
n. 抗菌素，抗生素
e.g. I'm taking antibiotics for a throat infection.
30. notoriety
n. fame for being bad in some way 臭名昭著
e.g. He gained notoriety for murdering eleven women in the north of England.
31. E. coli
abbr. Escherichia coli 大肠杆菌
e.g. The E. coli bacteria are eventually mixed into the meat.
32. campylobacter
n. 弯曲菌
e.g. Freezing reduces the number of Campylobacter bacteria present on raw meat.
33. bacteria (singular bacterium)
n. 细菌
e.g. Bacteria grow in a wide variety of conditions.
34. inspection
n. 检验
35. inspect
vt. examine (sth.) closely 检验，检查
e.g. She arrived to make a health and safety inspection of the building.
36. agency
n. a business or organization providing a usu. specified service （行政或智能）机构
e.g. the Central Intelligence Agency
37. infect
vt. (of harmful bacteria, etc.) enter the body of (a person or an animal) and cause disease 传染
e.g. The flu virus infected almost the entire class.
38. salmonella
n. 沙门（氏）菌
39. roulette
n. 轮盘赌
e.g. There are two different types of Roulette wheels: the American Wheel and the European Wheel.
40. unfortunately
ad. regrettably; unluckily 遗憾地；不幸地
e.g. Unfortunately it rained all day.
41. bow
vi. bend the head or body as a sign of respect 俯（首）或欠（身）致敬
42. bow to
submit to (sth.); accept or obey (sth.) 屈服，服从
e.g. Eventually the government was forced to bow to public pressure and reform the tax.
43. marketing
n. 营销
e.g. a marketing strategy
44. dairy
n. place where milk is kept and milk products are made 牛奶场；奶品场
e.g. Many Americans, including some vegetarians, still consume large amounts of dairy products.
45. document
n. paper that gives information, proof, or support of sth. 文件；公文；文献
e.g. Mr. Clark provided a copy of confidential document to a newspaper reporter.
46. retrieve
vt. get (sth.) back 重新得到；取回
e.g. Computers are used to store and retrieve information efficiently.
47. intake
n. the amount or number allowed to enter, or taken in; the process of taking a substance into a body or a machine 吃或吸收的量；吸入；纳入
e.g. If our energy intake balances our energy expenditure, our weight remains stable.
48. lifestyle
n. the way in which an individual or a group lives 生活方式
e.g. He doesn't have a very healthy lifestyle.
49. environmentally
ad. 在环境方面
e.g. Many countries have raised taxes on environmentally destructive products and activities.
50. package
vt. make (sth.) into or put (sth.) in a bag, box, etc. 把…打包；把…装箱；包装
e.g. These organic olives are packaged in recycled glass containers.
51. graze
v. use (land) to feed cattle, etc. 用（地）养牛
e.g. The farmer grazes cattle on this land in the summer months.
52. wetland
n. damp area of land 湿地
e.g. If you visit a wetland and look closely, you will discover some fascinating creatures.
53. grassland
n. land covered with grass, esp. as used for grazing 草原；草地；（尤指）草场
e.g. Did you know that grasslands are found on every continent except Antarctica?
54. decimate
vt. (infml) reduce (sth.) considerably 相当程度地减少
e.g. Populations of endangered animals have been decimated.
55. heighten
v. (cause sth. to) become higher or more intense （使）提高，加强
e.g. This will heighten your enjoyment.
56. topsoil
n. 表土（层）；土壤耕种层
e.g. Roots hold the moisture-absorbing fertile topsoil in place during flooding.
57. fertilizer
n. 肥料
e.g. For centuries, fish have been recognized as an excellent fertilizer source.
58. pesticide
n. 杀虫剂；农药
e.g. Our children are in danger from pesticides.
59. irrigation
n. 灌溉
e.g. Drip irrigation can be a great aid to the efficient use of water.
60. dam
vt. build a dam across (a river, etc.) 建水坝子（河等）
e.g. To dam a river is to build a wall across the river.
61. inefficient
a. (of a machine, process, etc.) not producing adequate results; wasteful 无效率的；不经济的
e.g. Existing methods of production are expensive and inefficient.
62. edible
a. fit or suitable to be eaten 可食用的
e.g. Only the leaves of the plant are edible.
63. flesh
n. 肉；食用肉
e.g. Vegetarians don't eat animal flesh.
64. get out
produce or publish 生产；出版
e.g. The first model of the car has some bad faults, but they've got a better one out now.
65. manure
n. 粪肥
e.g. Manure is an effective nutrient source for crop production.
66. excrete
vt. 排泄；分泌
e.g. Dogs excrete many chemicals most efficiently.
67. ministry
n. （政府的）部
e.g. The Ministry of Health will strive to become a highly reputable health service organization.
68. groundwater
n. 地下水
e.g. Groundwater lies almost everywhere below the earth's surface.
69. survey
n. 调查；测量；概括论述
e.g. A recent survey found that 58% of people did not know where their heart is.
70. contaminate
vt. pollute (sth.) by dirt, chemicals, or radiation so that it becomes impure or harmful 污染
e.g. Much of the coast has been contaminated by nuclear waste.
71. run-off
n. （生产过程中）排出的废物
72. fecal
a. 粪便的，排泄物的
e.g. The goal of this study was to determine sources of fecal pollution in the river.
73. coliform
a. 大肠杆菌的
74. nitrate
n. 硝酸盐类化肥
e.g. Excessive levels of nitrate in drinking water have caused serious illness.
75. lay/bring/press charges against
accuse (sb.) formally of a crime 正式控告（某人）
e.g. There wasn't enough evidence to lay charges against Kate Grey.
76. feedlot
n. （喂肥备宰牲畜的）围栏育肥地
e.g. feedlot manure management
77. operator
n. （厂、矿、农场等的）经营者；操作者
e.g. tour operator
78. litre
n. 升
e.g. 40 litres of gas
79. methane
n. 甲烷, 沼气
e.g. Methane is a colorless, odorless gas with a wide distribution in nature.
80. warming
n. 暖和，温暖
e.g. This map illustrates the local consequences of global warming.
81. depletion
n. 削减；消耗
e.g. Increased expenditure has caused a depletion in our funds.
82. deplete
vt. reduce greatly the quantity, size, power or value of (sth.) 大量削减（某物）的数量
83. exclude
vt. ignore as a consideration; leave (sth.) out; not to include (sth.) 不予考虑；将…排除在外；不包括
e.g. We can't exclude the possibility that he is dead.
84. livestock
n. animals kept on a farm for use or profit, e.g. cattle or sheep （总称）家畜，牲畜
e.g. livestock production
85. Pulitzer prize-nominated
a. 获普利策提名奖的
86. nominate
vt. 提名
e.g. This Pulitzer prize-nominated play depicts a painfully real and funny slice of life in a remote village.
87. potent
a. very effective and powerful 有效的；威力大的
e.g. This is a very potent drug and can have unpleasant side-effects.
88. factory-farmed
a. 工厂化的农场
e.g. She has seen how factory-farmed animals suffer from birth to slaughter.
89. unnatural
a. not natural or normal 不自然的；不正常的
e.g. Her reaction was unnatural when she saw the dead motorcyclist in the hospital.
90. stubborn
a. determined not to change one's attitude or position 顽固的，倔强的
e.g. He's sick, but he's too stubborn to see a doctor.
91. squeal
vi. Make a long high-pitched cry or sound 发出长而尖的叫声
e.g. The two children squealed with joy.
92. chase
vt. run after (sb. / sth.) in order to catch them 追逐，追赶
e.g. The police car was going so fast, it must have been chasing someone.
93. calipers
n. 卡钳
e.g. Electric calipers are designed for a variety of vehicles.
94. look on
watch (sth.) without becoming involved in it oneself 旁观
e.g. Demonstrators tore down the statue as police calmly looked on.
95. utter
a. complete 完全的，十足的
e.g. The meeting was a complete and utter waste of time.
96. hoist
vt. lift (sth.) to a higher position, usually using ropes （用绳等）提升
e.g. A helicopter hoisted the final section of the bridge into place.
97. upside down
with the upper part underneath instead of on top 颠倒；倒转
e.g. The picture is hanging upside down.
98. hind
a. (of the legs of an animal with four legs) situated at the back 后面的，后部的
e.g. an animal's hind legs
99. foreman
n. a worker who supervises and directs other workers 工头，领班
e.g. Should your foreman drink with his crew?
100. conveyor
n. 传送带
e.g. The company offers a wide range of conveyor belt products.
101. come second to
be less important than 不如…重要
e.g. Feeding a child shouldn't come second to working.
102. sub-zero
a. below zero 零度以下的
e.g. a sub-zero sleeping bag
103. piglet
n. young pig 小猪
104. snort
vi. 喷鼻息作声，发哼声（表示轻蔑等）
e.g. We ran when the bull began to snort.
105. rooster
n. 公鸡
e.g. The rooster is actually a male chicken.
106. strut
vt. walk in an upright, proud way 趾高气扬地走
e.g. The boys strutted around trying to get the attention of a group of girls who were nearby. 107. barnyard
n. 粮仓的空地
e.g. Farm animals are moving about the barnyard.
108. modernize
vt. make (sth.) suitable for modern needs; bring up to date 使现代化
e.g. To modernize anything is to bring it up to date.
109. veal
n. （食用的）小牛肉；食用小牛
110. calf
n. 小牛，牛犊
111. veal calf
肉用小牛
e.g.The veal calf is taken away from its mother right after it is born.
112. crate
n. 板条箱, 柳条箱
e.g. Pigs who are confined to crates cannot move and cannot turn around.
113. ignore
vt. take no notice of (sb. / sth.) 忽视；不理，不顾
e.g. Safety regulations are being ignored by company managers in the drive to increase profits. 114. appetite
n. 食欲，胃口
e.g. All that walking has given me an appetite.
Complete the following sentences by translating the Chinese into English, using a cognate object: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A cognate object refers to an event indicated by the verb.
e.g. ...today's factory-farmed animals live short, miserable, unnatural lives. (Text A, Unit 2, Book V)
...more than 3 million Canadian farm animals die slow and painful deaths en route to slaughter each year. (Text A, Unit 2, Book V)
In this type of object, the noun head is semantically and often morphologically related to the verb. Its semantic function is to repeat, wholly or partially, the meaning of the verb. The noun is generally modified. The verb and the object are then equivalent to the verb and a corresponding adverbial:
e.g. They fought a clean fight. =They fought cleanly.
The cognate object is, however, confined to certain set expressions such as those mentioned above.
1) I asked her why she didn't make use of her talent and (唱一首流行歌曲) on the graduation day. Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: sing a pop song
2) Uncle Tom, the long-suffering slave in Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin, (死得悲惨).
Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: died a miserable death
3) We still have to learn how to (过和谐的生活), not only with other people but also with the environment.
Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: live a harmonious life
4) (深深地吸了口气), he ran up to take the penalty kick (罚点球).
Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: Breathing a deep breath
5) I (做了个恶梦) last night in which I was running through the forest, and being chased by a bear.
Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: dreamed a bad dream
6) My friend (苦笑了一下) when I asked her whether she'd found all the money she'd lost. Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: smiled a bitter smile
7) Black people have (进行艰苦斗争) before they win real equality.
Tip: Study the related information provided above.
Answer: a hard fight to fight
※Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[+] Model:
recommendation ideal document intake
intake chronic stubborn heighten
association boost
一项又一项的研究发现,食物和一些慢性病之间有密切关系。例如：某些慢性病危险的降低和多吃以植物为基本成分的食物是相联系的。因此，在过去的十年中，美国饮食协会敦促美国人减少动物脂肪的摄取，增加水果、蔬菜和谷物的消费。同时，美国农业部发布了包括食物指导金字塔在内的文件，鼓励人们每天至少吃三道蔬菜和两份水果。但是许多美国人还是没有按照这些建议去做。彼德就是一个很好的例子。他因摄入过量的动物脂肪患了心血管病。尽管医生建议他吃有益于健康的食物，诸如吃以植物为主的食物，但是他非常固执，从不采纳。他说他无法抵挡有肉菜肴的诱惑，他的理想饮食一定要包含肉。人们没有意识到多吃以植物为主的食物的必要性，这使政府更加担心。他们正在发起新的运动，以提高人们这方面的认识。今天你吃了多少水果和蔬菜呢？
Answer:
Study after study has uncovered the fact that there is a close correlation between food and a number of chronic diseases. For example, a decreased risk of certain chronic diseases is associated with an increased consumption of plant-based foods. Therefore, in the past decade, the American Dietetic Association has urged Americans to reduce their intake of animal fats, and to boost consumption of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Meanwhile, the United States Department of Agriculture has released a document containing the food guide pyramid which encourages a minimum of 3 vegetables and 2 fruit servings per day. However, many Americans still don't meet / listen to these recommendations. A good case in point is Peter. He developed a cardiovascular disease due to an excessive intake of animal fats. Although his doctor suggested he should adopt a healthy diet, such as eating plant-based foods, he was too stubborn to listen. He said he couldn't resist the temptation of dishes with meat and that meat would always feature prominently in his ideal diet. People's lack of awareness of the need to eat more plant-based foods has heightened the government's concern and it is launching a new campaign to increase public awareness in this area. Well, how much fruit and vegetable have you eaten today?
Unit 1 Growing Up Ⅱ. Translation 1.那是个正规宴会，我照妈妈对我讲的那样穿着礼服去了。（formal） As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as Mother told me to. 2.他的女朋友劝他趁抽烟的坏习惯尚未根深蒂固之前把它改掉。（take hold） His girlfriend advised him to get out of/get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold. 3.他们预料到下几个月电的需求量很大，决定增加生产。（anticipate） Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production. 4.据说比尔因一再违反公司的安全规章而被解雇。（violate） It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. / Bill is said to have been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules. 5.据报道地方政府已采取适当措施避免严重缺水（water shortage）的可能性。 （avoid, severe） It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. /The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage. 苏珊（Susan）因车祸失去了双腿。有一段时间，她真不知如何面对自己再也不能行走的事实。 一天，苏珊在浏览杂志时，被一个真实故事吸引住了。那个故事生动地描写了一个残疾（disabled）姑娘是如何成为一位作家的。苏珊读后深受鼓舞，开始相信她最终会成为一个有用的人生活下去。 Inspire vivid scan face up with finally Susan lost her legs because of / in a car accident. For a time, she didn’t know how to face up to the fact that she would never (be able to) walk again. One day, while scanning (through) some magazines, a true story caught her eye /she was attracted by a true story. It gave a vivid description of how a disabled girl became a writer. Greatly inspired, Susan began to feel that she, too, would finally be bale to lead a useful life. Unit 2 Friendship II. Translation 1)半个小时过去了，但末班车还没来。我们只好走路回家。（go by） Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.
第一单元 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其实。 学习英语的几种策略 学习英语决非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种： 1．不要以完全相同的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I’m interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I’m good at French”?你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或密秘”是“learnthenewsorsecret”,而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone’s success or arrival”?这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后在反复地听。 你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的xx。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们
一、 1、当我知道详细情况时，我意识到我不该在办公室发脾气。 When I knew the details ,I realized that I shouldn’t have lost the temper at the office. 2、我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔出去喝一杯。 I don’t know Bob very well ,but we go out for a drink occasionally. 3、会议应该在周二召开，但我们不得不推迟。 The meeting is supposed to be held on Tuesday, but we have to put it off. 4、我国政府采取行动使那个国家的所以中国人回到了祖国。 Our government took action to get all the Chinese back to homeland in that country. 5、包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。 Including the weekend ,there is only 12days to buy Charismas presents. 6、如不立即采取行动，许多野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。 Without taking action immediately ,many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. 三、 1、除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。 You won’t got this job unless you have got the experience. 2、我把大部分时间都花在研究中美文化差异上了。 Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. 3、这句话意思很清楚，绝不会引起误会。 This sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. 4、他希望能给予她比现在更多的帮助。 He hopes he could give her more help than he does. 5、要记得邀请她来参加生日晚会，不然她会抱怨的。 Remember to invite her to the birthday party ,or she would complain. 6、主任说，你必须把购置设备的2500美元加到成本中去。 The Director said ,you have to add 2500 dollars for equipment purchase to the cost. 7、了解自己的长处、弱点以及所处的环境很重要。 It’s important to be aware of your strengths, weaknesses and the environment you are in. 8、如果你继续对大家这么粗鲁，不久你就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。 You will find yourself without any friends at all if you keep on being so rude to everyone. 四、 1、做出贡献的人太多了，无法一一提及。 The individuals who have contributed are far too many to mention. 2、半夜里，嘈杂声把我们吵醒了。 The noise woke us up in the middle of the night. 3、他不应该对我说的话感到生气，那仅仅是个玩笑而已。 He shouldn’t have been angry at what I said, it was nothing more than a joke. 4、我们邀请了所以的朋友去野餐，但是由于下雨只来了其中5位。 We invited all our friends to the picnic ,but it rained and only 5 of them showed up. 5、婚姻被视为一件严肃的事。 Marriage is viewed as a serious matter. 6、令我失望的是，这部电影并不像我期待得那么好。 To my disappointment ,the movie didn’t live up to my expectations. 七、
大学英语精读1课文翻译 Unit1 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说 "我对英语感兴趣"是"I'm interested in English"，而说"我精于法语"则是"I'm good at French"？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说"获悉消息或秘密"是"learn the news or secret"，而"获悉某人的成功或到来"却是"learn of someone's success or arrival"？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。
一The rumor of the divorce was nothing but a means of hype for his new movie 离婚 他孤注一掷，用父母留给他的所有钱来开一家工厂。 He took a gamble on starting a factory with all the mone y his parents had left him. After winning the important game they hoisted their captain to their shoulders in shouting triumph.（赢得那场重要的比赛后） 4) 在全球化热潮中，我们要提防不同文化的冲突 In the rush to go for globalization, we should watch out for collision of cultures. 在这种情况下In the circumstances it was not surprising that there was trouble. 6) 这婴儿非常健康。The baby is the very picture of health. 7) 人们已经意识到儿童接触有关暴力和色情电视节目的危害。 People have realized the dangers of exposing children to vio lence and sex on TV. 8) 我们始终考虑到我们是在为谁制作这部影片。(have in mind) We always had in mind for whom we were making the film.三单元 2他在中学教书，但也兼职些翻译来取外快。 He teaches in a middle school, but he does some translation work o n the side to bring extra money 3自信是件好事，但自信与自员是有区别的 it's good to be confident (about yourself), but there is a differen ce between confidence and conceit 4．只有坚持到底的人才会成功。半运而度的人永远也无法实现梦想。 Only those who stick it out can achieve success Those who give up halfway will never realize their dreams 5一个真正的英雄有勇气，有高尚的目标，而且乐于奉献 A true hero possesses/has courage, a noble purpose and a willingness to make sacrifices 6任何人只要章起这本小说读了第一段，敦会发现很难把它放下。 Anyone who picked up this novel and reads the first paragraph will be hard pressed to put it down 7从某中意义上说，生活就像游冰。如果总是扶任池边，就也学不会。 In a sense, life is like swimming. if you keep holding on to the sides of the pool, you will never learn 3一个民族的前在很大程度上取决于其数育与培训的质量 The future of a nation depends in a large measure upon the quality of education and training 二 1只有那些有过类似经历的人，オ能够完全理解这一点。 Only those who have lived through a similar experience can fully ap preciate this. 3我更特别感谢每一个在这些年来以不同方式做出了贡献的人 i'd like to express my special thanks to everyone who has contribut ed over the years in one way or another
Unit1 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说我对英语感兴趣是I'm 湩整敲瑳摥椠?湅汧獩屨，而说我精于法语则是???潧摯愠?牆湥档？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说获悉消息或秘密是汜慥湲琠敨渠睥?牯猠捥敲屴，而获悉某人的成功或到来却是汜慥湲漠?潳敭湯?环猠捵散獳漠?牡楲慶屬？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片18 / 1 或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。 5．广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。6．经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。 语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。 Unit2 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在六十五岁时开始了只身环球航行。本文记述的就是这一冒险故事。 Sailing Round the Word 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是1931年。 好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不该去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。
Unit 6 A World of Mystery The Bermuda Triangle [1] On 5th December 1945, Flight 19, which consisted of five US Navy planes, took off from Fort Lauderdale, Florida in fine weather. There was a total of fourteen men on board the planes. The planes were in good condition; they had the best equipment on board including compasses and radios, and they also carried life rafts. The planes could float on water for ninety seconds. One and a half hours after the take-off, a radio message from one of the planes was heard at the control tower at Fort Lauderdale. [2] "I don't know where we are." [3] After that the planes could no longer speak to the control tower, but they could speak to and hear each other, and the control tower could hear them. [4] "The magnetic compass is going crazy." [5] "We're completely lost." [6] No other messages were heard after that. Nobody else heard from the planes or saw them again. Three hundred planes and many boats searched the area, but not one trace of Flight 19 was found. Then one of the planes that was sent to look for them also disappeared completely. [7] These planes had disappeared in a very mysterious part of the world in the western Atlantic Ocean where lots of strange events have taken place. The mystery started long before 1945, and since that year many other ships and planes have also disappeared in this area. It is called the Bermuda Triangle. It is a large, triangular area of the ocean with the island of Bermuda at its northern tip. [8] Planes and ships disappear in other parts of the world, but there are more disappearances in the Triangle than in other areas. For years now scientists and others have been puzzled by this mystery. There have been many attempts to explain why people, planes and ships disappear in such high numbers here . [9] One writer, John Spencer, believes that the ships and planes have been carried off from the sea and sky by flying saucers or UFOs from another planet. Since there are millions of other planets in the universe, Spencer believes there must be other intelligent creatures somewhere in the universe. These creatures are interested in collecting humans and their equipment so that they can examine them carefully. [10] Another theory is that the geography of the area is responsible for the disappearances of the ships and planes. Bermuda lies on an earthquake belt. Underwater earthquakes result in large waves appearing suddenly. These waves are so big that they can break a ship into pieces. In the air, a similar thing can happen to airplanes because of
Unit1 Twocollege-ageboPs,unawarethatmakingmonePusuallPinvolveshardwork,aretemptedbPanadvertis ementthatpromisesthemaneasPwaPtoearnalotofmoneP.TheboPssoonlearnthatifsomethingseemstog oodtobetrue,itprobablPis. 一个大学男孩，不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动，被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。男孩们很快就明白，如果事情看起来好得不像真的，那多半确实不是真的。BIGBUCKSTHEEASPWAP轻轻松松赚大钱"Pououghttolookintothis,"Isuggestedtoourtwocollege-agesons."ItmightbeawaPtoavoidtheindignitP ofhavingtoaskformonePallthetime."Ihandedthemsomemagazinesinaplasticbagsomeonebadhungon ourdoorknob.AmessageprintedonthebagofferedleisurelP,lucrativework("BigBuckstheEasPWaP!")o fdeliveringmoresuchbags. “你们该看看这个，”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话，这兴许是一种办法。”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。塑料袋上印着一条信息说，需要招聘人投递这样的袋子，这活儿既轻松又赚钱。（“轻轻松松赚大钱!”） "Idon'tmindtheindignitP,"theolderoneanswered.“我不在乎失不失尊严，”大儿子回答说。"Icanlivewithit,"hisbrotheragreed.“我可以忍受，”他的弟弟附和道。"Butitpainsme,"Isaid，"tofindthatPoubothhavebeenpanhandlingsolongthatitnolongerembarrassesPou."“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子，真使我痛心，”我说。TheboPssaidthePwouldlookintothemagazine-deliverPthing.Pleased,Ilefttownonabusinesstrip.BPmi dnightIwascomfortablPsettledinahotelroomfarfromhome.Thephonerang.ItwasmPwife.Shewantedt oknowhowmPdaPhadgone.孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。我听了很高兴，便离城出差去了。午夜时分，我已远离家门，在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。电话铃响了，是妻子打来的。她想知道我这一天过得可好。 "Great!"Ienthused."HowwasPourdaP?"Iinquired.“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。“你过得怎么样?”我问道。 "Super!"Shesnapped."Justsuper!Andit'sonlPgettingstarted.Anothertruckjustpulledupoutfront."“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。”"Anothertruck?"“又一辆卡车?” "Thethirdonethisevening.ThefirstdeliveredfourthousandMontgomerPWards.Thesecondbroughtfour thousandSears,Roebucks.Idon'tknowwhatthisonehas,butI'msureitwillbefourthousandofsomething.S incePouareresponsible,IthoughtPoumightliketoknowwhat'shappening.“今晚第三辆了。第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告；第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。我不知道这一辆装的啥，但我肯定又是四千份什么的。既然这事是你促成的，我想你或许想了解事情的进展。” WhatIwasbeingblamedfor,itturnedout,wasanewspaperstrikewhichmadeitnecessarPtohand-deliverth eadvertisinginsertsthatnormallPareincludedwiththeSundaPpaper.ThecompanPhadpromisedourboPs $600fordeliveringtheseinsertsto4,000housesbPSundaPmorning.我之所以受到指责，事情原来是这样：由于发生了一起报业工人罢工，通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页，必须派人直接投送出去。公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金，任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。 "Pieceofcake!"ouroldercollegesonhadshouted.“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。"SiGhundredbucks!"Hisbrotherhadechoed,"Andwecandothejobintwohours!"“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道，“我们两个钟点就能干完!” "BoththeSearsandWardadsarefournewspaper-sizepages,"mPwifeinformedme."TherearethirtP-twot housandpagesofadvertisingonourporch.Evenaswespeak,twobigguPsarecarrPingarmloadsofpaperup thewalk.Whatdowedoaboutallthis?"“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页，”妻子告诉我说，“现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。就在我们说话的当儿，两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。这么多广告，我们可怎么办?”"JusttelltheboPstogetbusP,"Iinstructed."TheP'recollegemen.TheP'lldowhatthePhavetodo."“你让孩子们快干，”我指示说。“他们都是大学生了。他们自己的事得由他们自己去做。”AtnoonthefollowingdaPIreturnedtothehotelandfoundanurgentmessagetotelephonemPwife.Hervoic
(1)这个婴儿还不会爬(crawl)，更不要说走了。(let alone) The baby can’t even crawl yet, let alone walk! (2)威尔声称谋杀案发生时他正在与一群朋友吃饭,但是我认为他在说谎。(claim, in one’s opinion） Will claimed he was dining with a group of friends at the time of the murder, but in my opinion he told a lie. (3)一定程度上阅读速度与阅读技巧密切相关；有了阅读技巧，你就可以更好地应对课外阅读了。(to a certain extent, relate …to …, cope with） To a certain extent the speed of reading is closely related to reading skills; and with reading skills you can cope with outside class reading better. (4)根据规则他俩都可以参加比赛。(according to） According to the regulation/rule, they both can play the game/participate in the game. (5)有些人想当然地认为日语(Japanese)中的每一个词在汉语中都有对应的词语。(assume, equivalent) Some people assume that there is a Chinese equivalent for every Japanese word. (6)我们已将所有的相关信息告知了警方。(relevant) We have passed all relevant information on to the police. (7)关于那件事你问我再多的问题也没用，因为我是不会回答你的。(it’s no use) There is no use asking me any more questions about that matter because I won't answer. (8)事先没有仔细阅读合同(contract)就签了名是吉姆的错误。(on one’s part) It was a mistake on Jim's part to sign the contract without reading it carefully. (9)他们拒绝向我们提供所需要的全部信息。(provide …with) They refused to provide us with all the information we need. (10) 这起事故与三年前发生的一起事故极为相似。(similar to) This accident is very similar to the one that happened three years ago. (11)这部影片是根据莎士比亚的戏剧改编的。(base on) The film is based on a play by Shakespeare (12)如果你的英语和电脑技能都掌握得好，那么你在谋职时就一定比别人更有优势。(have an advantage over) If you have a good command of English and computer skills, you will surely have an advantage over others in finding a job.
1) 史密斯太太对我抱怨说，她经常发现与自己十六岁的女儿简直无法沟通。 Mrs. Smith complained to me that she often found it simply impossible to communicate with her 16-year-old daughter. 2) 我坚信，阅读简写的 (simplified) 英文小说是扩大我们词汇量的一种轻松愉快的方法。 I firmly believe that reading simplified English novels is an easy and enjoyable way of enlarging our vocabulary. 3) 我认为我们在保护环境不受污染 (pollution) 方面还做得不够。 I don’t think we’re doing enough to protect our environment from pollution. 4) 除了每周写作文外，我们的英语老师还给我们布置了八本书在暑假里阅读。 In addition to/Apart from writing compositions on a weekly basis, our English teacher assigned us eight books to read during the summer vacation. 5) 我们从可靠的消息来源获悉下学期一位以英语为母语的人将要教我们英语口语。 We’ve learned from reliable sources that a native English speaker is going to teach us spoken English next term/semester. 6) 经常看英语电影不仅会提高你的听力，而且还会帮助你培养说的技能。 Seeing English movies on a regular basis will not only improve your ear, but will also help you build your speaking skills. 7) 如果你们对这些学习策略有什么问题，请随便问我。我将更详细地进行讲解。 If you have any questions about these learning strategies, please feel free to ask me. And I’ll explain them in greater detail. 8) 那个加拿大女孩善于抓住每个机会讲汉语。这就是她为什么三年不到就熟练地掌握了汉语口语的原因。 The Canadian girl is good at seizing every opportunity to speak Chinese. That’s why she has gained a good command of spoken Chinese in less than three years.
Book 1 Translation Exercises Unit 1 Translation 1) 我累了。昨晚我不该那么晚睡觉。(should not + 动词完成式) 2) 我和鲍勃不是很熟，不过我们偶尔一起出去喝一杯。(occasional) 3) 我们应该到火车站接她。(be supposed to) 4) 你可以清楚地看到有人快要淹死, 而你却没有采取行动救他们。(drown, take action) 5) 包括周末在内，仅仅还有12天时间可以用来买圣诞礼物。(including) 6) 如果不立即采取行动，许多种野生动物就会因饥饿而死亡。(without, hunger) I’m tired. I shouldn’t have gone to bed so late last night. I don’t/didn’t know Bob very well, but we go/went out for an occasional drink together. We’re supposed to meet her at the train station. You could clearly see people drowning, but/and yet you took no action to save them. Including weekends, there are only twelve more days to buy Christmas presents. Without immediate action, many kinds of wild animals would die from hunger. Unit 2 Translation 1) 那首歌总是使她回想起在芝加哥度过的那个夜晚。(remind…of…) 2) 街角处刚巧有一位警察，我便向他问路。(happen to, corner) 3) 由于天气恶劣，今天所有去纽约的航班都延误了。(delay) 4) 谁有责任谁就必须赔偿损失。(whoever, responsible) 5) 我找不到我的支票簿。我准是把它留在家里了。(checkbook, must have) 6) 到足球比赛快开始时，暴风雨已经停了。(by the time) That song always reminded her of the night spent in Chicago. There happened to be a policeman on the corner, so I asked him the way. All flights to New York today are/were delayed because of the bad weather. Whoever is responsible will have to pay for the damage. I can’t find my checkbook. I must have left it at home. By the time the football match was going to start, the storm had already stopped. Unit 3 Translation 1) 除非你有经验，否则你得不到这份工作。(unless) 2) 我把大部分时间花在研究中美文化的差异上了。(spend) 3) 这句话意思极清楚，决不会引起误解。(so…that) 4) 他希望能够给予她比现在更多的帮助。(more than) 5) 穿上外套，否则你会感冒的。(or) 6) 她的收藏品中增加了一张毕加索(Picasso)的画。(add…to…) 7) 我没意识到以前曾来过这儿。(be aware of) 8) 如果你继续对每个人这么粗鲁，你很快就会发现自己什么朋友都没有了。(find oneself without) 1）You won’t get the job unless you’ve got the experience. 2) Most of my time is spent studying the differences between Chinese and American culture. The statement/sentence is so clear that it can’t cause any misunderstanding. He wishes that he could give her more help than he does. She has added a Picasso to his collection.