专题三阅读理解(四)
【山东省聊城一中2012届高三3月模拟考试】
C
In Wiltshire，E ngland，volunteers are being sou ght to visit a nature protection area to count the butterflies living there and on surrounding fields．The project is promoted by all environmental protection organisation，which has contributed to improving the living environment for wild animals．Recently，the organisation has issued an appeal to help it observe environmental changes based on the record of butterflies and protect the environment．
In the area，the local people have planted many special flowers with the help of the organisation，aiming to see whether these flowers will interest the rare and beautiful butterflies．The project officer Sarah Marshall says，“It will be a suitable habitat(栖息地)for butterflies．They are great‘indicator species’ as they are easily affected by climate changes so they make a brilliant early—warning system for the environment.”She also points out that volunteers are needed to record the number or species of butterflies，and based on the change happening to the butterflies，the hidden environmental problems in the area earl be found out in time.
The organisation is seeking volunteers to help monitor butterflies from April through to September．They will walk a fixed route and record the different butterflies they encounter along the way．Each visit should take no more than two hours，and each volunteer is expected to visit once a month to count the wildlife．“Staff will provide back up，so if the weather is poor on the day you are to visit (butterflies don't like to fly in the rain，wind or if it's too cloudy)we can have someone else do your job，”Sarah points out．
No previous experience is necessary as training and support will be provided，but a keen interest is essential．If you are interested please contact Sarah on(01380)725670，ext 278，email —sarahm @ wiltshirewildlife,org
66．According to Paragraph 1，what is the purpose of the Project?
A．To appeal to more visitors．
B．To protect the environment．
C．To control butterfly population．
D，To expand the area for wildlife．
67．Many special flowers have been planted in Wiltshire to .
A．warn people of wildlife extinction
B．appeal more tourists to be involved in
C．attract many unusual and beautiful butterflies
D．improve the economic conditions of local people
68．Butterflies are called“indicator species”be cause .
A．they can provide support for visitors
B．they can give information to other species
C．they are not easily found out in their habitats
D．they are very sensitive to environmental changes
69．Volunteers aye required to do the things EXCEPT .
A．having some special previous experience
B．being interested in protecting the environment
C．walkin g a regular route and do some recordings
D．visiting the nature protection area once a month
70．What is the text mainly about?
A．Visitors aye being trained to identify butterflies．
B．Wildlife areas are being protected by butterflies．
C．Volunteers are being needed to count butterflies．
D．Organisations are being put up to protect butterflies．
【答案】
66-70：BCDAC
【山东省聊城一中2012届高三3月模拟考试】
D
A group of eight public high school students in Massachusetts，aged 15 to 17，designed and ran their own school within a schoo1．They named their practice the Independent Project．They represented the usual range：two were close to dropping out before they started the project，while others were honors students．
Their guidance teacher was their adviser，consulting with them when the group encountered difficulties．Though they sought advice from English，math and science teachers，they were
responsible for monitoring one another's work and giving one another feedback．There were no grades，but at the end of the term，the students wrote evaluations of their classmates．The students also designed their own course．In addition to some regular courses, they each took on an‘individual project’,learning to play the piano or to cook，writing a novel or making a video a bout domestic(国内的)violence．At the end of the term，they performed their new skills in front of the entire school．The last part of their self—designed course was to do a‘collective project’that had social significance．Because they felt the whole experience had been so life—changing，they ended up making a film showing how other students could start and run their own schools．
The project was a success．After returning to their trad itional study，the students have high motivation and axe doing well．One student who had failed all of his previous math courses spent three weeks teaching the others about probability．The lesson learned here is that if students are given the opportunity to take control or contribute significantly to their own learning they will become more accomplished，more engaged and more knowledgeable．
The students in the project are remarkable because they demonstrate the kinds of learning and personal growth that axe possible when teenagers feel ownership of their high school experience，learn things that matter to them and learn together．
71．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．Some students might drop out of high school．
B．rile teachers monitored the students' homework．
C．The students themselves solved all their problems．
D．The teachers evaluate the students' performances．
72．The students involved in the Independent Project .
A．didn't need to learn common lessons
B．tended to escape from the whole society
C．were unwilling to share their experiences
D．focused on self—study and working together
73．According Paragraph 4，we know that .
A．the traditional study is better than the project
B．all the students had failed their math courses
C．the students have freedom to design their lessons
D．the project was mainly concerned with math courses
74．The project made the students outstanding because .
A．they are unusually talented
B．they have better backgrounds
C．they have supportive teachers
D．they are owners of their education
75．What would be the best title of the text?
A．Structure the kids' days to the minute
B．Let kids rule their own school within a school
C．Offer students few opportunities to do anything
D．Provide traditional education to the students
【答案】
71-75：ADCDB
【山东省青岛二中2012届高三下学期期中考试】
第三部分阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。
A
At a certain time in our lives we consider every place as the possible site for a house. I have thus searched the country within a dozen miles of where I live. In imagination I have bought all the farms, one after another, and I knew their prices.
The nearest thing that I came to actual ownership was when I bought the Hollowell place. But before the owner completed the sale with me, his wife changed her mind and wished to keep it, and he offered me additional dollars to return the farm to him. However, I let him keep the additional dollars and sold him the farm for just what I gave for it.
The real attraction of the Hollowell farm to me was its position, being about two miles from the village, half a mile from the nearest neighbor, bounded on one side by
the river, and separated from the highway by a wide field. The poor condition of the house and fences showed that it hadn’t been used for some time. I remembered from my earliest trip up the river that the house used to be hidden behind a forest area, and I was in a hurry to buy it before the owner finished getting out some rocks, cutting down the apple trees, and clearing away some young trees which had grown up in the fields. I wanted to buy it before he made any more of his improvements. But it turned out as I have said.
I was not really troubled by the loss. I had always had a garden, but I don’t th ink I was ready for a large farm. I believe that as long as possible it is better to live free and uncommitted (无牵挂的). It makes but little difference whether you own a farm or not.
56. What do we know about the author?
A. He wanted to buy the oldest farm near where he lived.
B. He made a study of many farms before buying.
C. He made money by buying and selling farms.
D. He had the money to buy the best farm in the country.
57. Why did the author decide to buy the Hollowell place?
A. It was of good market value.
B. It was next to the highway.
C. It was in a good position.
D. It was behind a nice garden.
58. Why did the author want to buy the farm in a hurry?
A. He was afraid the owner might changes his mind.
B. He hoped to enlarge the forest on the farm.
高三英语试题第6 页(共12页)
C. He wanted to keep the farm as it was.
D. He was eager to become a farm owner.
59. The underlined words “the loss” in the last paragraph refer to ___.
A. the money the author lost in buying the farm
B. the sale of the garden in the Hollowell place
C. the removal of the trees around the house
D. the failure to possess the Hollowell place
60. What does the author believe as important in life?
A. To own a farm
B. To satisfy his needs
C. To be free from worries
D. To live in the countryside
B
In a moment of personal crisis, how much help can you expect from a New York taxi driver? I began studying this question and found the answers interesting.
One morning I got into three different taxis and announced, “Well, it’s my first day back in New York in seven years. I’ve been in prison.” Not a single driver repli ed, so I tried again. “Yeah, I shot a man in Reno.” I explained, hoping the driver would ask me why, but nobody asked. The only response came from a Ghanaian driver, “Reno? That is in Nevada?”
Taxi drivers were uniformly sympathetic when I said I’d just been fired. “This is America,” a Haitian driver said. “One door is closed. Another is open.” He argued against my plan to burn down my boss’s house. A Pakistani driver even turned down a chance to profit from my loss of hope; he refused to take me to the middle of George Washington Bridge—a $20 trip. “Why you want to go there? Go home and relax. Don’t worry. Take a new job.”
One very hot weekday in July, while wearing a red ski mask and holding a stuffed pillowcase with the word “BANK” on it, I trie d calling a taxi five times outside different banks. The driver picked me up every time. My ride with a Haitian driver was typical of the superb assistance I received.
“Let’s go across the park.” I said. “I just robbed the bank there. I got $25,000.”
“$25,000?” he asked.
“Yeah, you think it was wrong to take it?”
“No, man. I work 8 hours and I don’t make almost $70. If I can do that, I do it too.”
高三英语试题第7页(共12页)
As we approached 86th and Lexington, I pointed to the Chemical Bank.
“Hey, there’s another bank,” I said, “Could you wait here a minute while I go inside?”
“No, I can’t wait. Pay me now.” His reluctance may have something to do with
money—taxi drivers think the rate for waiting time is too low—but I think he wanted me to learn that eve n a bank robber can’t expect unconditional support.
61. From the Ghanaian driver’s response, we can infer that ____.
A. he was indifferent to the killing
B. he was afraid of the author
C. he looked down upon the author
D. he thought the author was crazy
62. Why did the Pakistani driver refuse to take the author to the middle of the George
Washington Bridge?
A. Because he was able to help the author to find a new job.
B. Because he wanted to go home and relax.
C. Because it was far away from his home.
D. Because he thought that the author would commit suicide.
63. What is the author’s interpretation of the driver’s reluctance “to wait outside the
Chemical bank”?
A. The driver was too busy to wait.
B. The driver thought it wrong to support a taxi rider unconditionally.
C. The driver was frightened and wanted to leave him as soon as possible.
D. The driver did not want to help a suspec t to escape from a bank robbery.
64. Which of the following statements is true about New York taxi drivers?
A. They are ready to help you do whatever you want to.
B. they often refuse to pick up those who would kill themselves.
C. They are sympathetic with those who are out of work.
D. They work only for money.
65. The passage mainly discusses ____.
A. how to please taxi drivers.
B. how to deal with taxi drivers
C. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards riders with problems
D. the attitudes of taxi drivers towards their work
C
Mulch(护盖物;护根层) is important to farmers. Mulch is a protective cover of material that is spread on top of soil. It is usually made out of organic material, like 高三英语试题第8页(共12页)
crop waste. Farmers may keep the remains of maize or other crops on top of the soil. This creates mulch on the soil surface. The plant remains help protect the soil against wind and water damage. Mulching is one of the best things people can do for their plants. Mulch not only protects the soil against wind and water damage.It also helps keep the soil from getting too dry, and reduces the need for watering plants. It also limits temperature changes in the soil. And it stops unwanted plants, or weeds, from growing.
Organic mulch improves the condition of soil. As the mulch breaks down, it provides material which keeps the soil from getting hard. This improves the growth of roots and increases the movement of water through the soil. It also improves the ability of the soil to hold water. Organic mulch contains nutrients for plants. It also provides a good environment for earthworms and other helpful organisms in the soil.
The United States Department of Agriculture says it is easy to find organic mulch materials. Cut-up leaves and small pieces of tree bark can be used. Grass cuttings are also a good mulch for plants. Mulch from newspapers works well in controlling weeds.
The best time to add mulch depends on your goal. Mulch provides a thick barrier between the soil and the air. This helps to reduce temperature changes in the soil. As a result, mulched soil will be cooler than other soil in the summer. In winter, the mulched soil may not freeze as deeply as other soil. The best time is after the ground has frozen, but before the coldest weather arrives. Spreading mulch before the ground has frozen may attract small animals searching for a warm place to spend the winter. Delaying the spreading should prevent this problem. The animals will probably find another place to live.
66. The author tells us the following EXCEPT ___________.
A. what mulch is and its benefits
B. the best time to add mulch
C. what can be mulch on the soil surface
D. the bad effects of mulch
67. The following can be used as organic materials to make mulch EXCEPT _______.
A. tree barks
B. cut-up leaves
C. grass cuttings
D. plastic
68. Which of the following is the benefit of mulch?
A. Protecting the soil against wind and water damage.
B. Keeping the soil wet and reducing the need for watering plants
C. Reducing temperature changes in the soil and stopping unwanted weeds growing.
高三英语试题第9页(共12页)
D. All of the above.
69. The main idea of Paragraph 2 is that organic mulch can ______.
A. improve the condition of soil
B. improve the ability of the soil to hold water
C. provide a good environment for earthworms
D. improve the growth of roots and increase the movement of water through the soil
70. From the last paragraph, we know ______.
A. the best time to add mulch is in spring and summer
B. the best time to add mulch is after the coldest weather arrives
C. the best time to add mulch depends on weather
D. choosing the best time to add mulch can avoid attracting small animals
D
How do you know if your home is an easy aim for thefts? Around the holidays, many families don’t consider taking proper measures to prevent their homes from suffering holiday thefts. With just a few simple steps, you can better make sure of the safety of your home during all of the holiday celebrations. Here are a few tips for making it difficult to tell you are away from home.
● Either have a trusted neighbor pick up your mail and newspapers, or tel l your mailperson to hold your mail until you return. Nothing says “Hey, we are not home!” like when your postbox is filled with all kinds of mails and you have many different newspapers in your driveway.
● Set several different lights in your house on random timers (随机定时器). Don’t leave your outdoor lights on all the time. Instead, put your outside lights on timers to be on during the nights. If an outdoor light remains on for days at a time, it means that nobody is home to turn it off.
● If you have pets that you are not taking with you on vacation, leave them with a friend, rather than having someone come into your house every day to take care of them. When thefts see a neighbor or friend entering your house every day, they will know you are not home.
● Close all your curtains when you leave town. This is effective to deter possible thefts, as no one can see what is in your house. If they don’t know what is inside, then they are less likely to run the risk of breaking in.
● This article just has suggested a few tips to help you keep your house safe while you are on holiday. Nothing can truly protect your home unless you have it monitored by a professional home security system.
高三英语试题第10页(共12页)
71. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. to tell us how to prevent the thefts around the holidays
B. to let the outdoor lights on all the time
C. to tell us many families suffering from the thefts while they are on holiday
D. to tell you to have your neighbor go to your house to take care of your pet.
72. If you are on holiday in other places, the lights in your house should________.
A. be lit in an irregular way
B. be kept on all the night
C. be replaced by random timers D be turned on only once one day
73. To make your home is well protected, what does the writer advise you to do?
A. Have all the curtains closed
B. Stop your mail service at once
C. Turn to your close neighbors or friends
D. Equip your home with security system
74. Most of the tips mentioned in the text seem to ______.
A. be very popular with families
B. have no effect on preventing thefts
C. give a false impression on thefts.
D. be a little hard to be brought into effect.
75. The un derlined word “ deter ”probably means “___________ ”.
A. discover
B. discourage
C. surprise
D. attract
【答案】
56---60 BCCDC 61---65 ADBCC
66---70 DDDAC 71---75 AADCB
2013年全国高考理科数学试题分类汇编1：集合 一、选择题 1 ．（2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试重庆数学（理）试题（含答案））已知全集 {}1,2,3,4U =,集合{}=12A ，,{}=23B ，,则 ()=U A B ( ) A.{}134， ， B.{}34， C. {}3 D. {}4 【答案】D 2 ．（2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试辽宁数学（理）试题（WORD 版））已知集合 {}{}4|0log 1,|2A x x B x x A B =<<=≤=，则 A.()01， B.(]02， C.()1,2 D.(]12， 【答案】D 3 ．（2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试天津数学（理）试题（含答案））已知集合A = {x ∈R | |x |≤2}, A = {x ∈R | x ≤1}, 则A B ?= (A) (,2]-∞ (B) [1,2] (C) [2,2] (D) [-2,1] 【答案】D 4 ．（2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试福建数学（理）试题（纯WORD 版））设S,T,是R 的两个非空子集,如果存在一个从S 到T 的函数()y f x =满足:(){()|};()i T f x x S ii =∈ 对任意12,,x x S ∈当12x x <时,恒有12()()f x f x <,那么称这两个集合“保序同构”.以下集合对不是“保序同构”的是( ) A.* ,A N B N == B.{|13},{|8010}A x x B x x x =-≤≤==-<≤或 C.{|01},A x x B R =<<= D.,A Z B Q == 【答案】D 5 ．（2013 年高考上海卷（理））设常数a R ∈,集合 {|(1)()0},{|1}A x x x a B x x a =--≥=≥-,若A B R ?=,则a 的取值范围为( ) (A) (,2)-∞ (B) (,2]-∞ (C) (2,)+∞ (D) [2,)+∞ 【答案】B. 6 ．（2013年普通高等学校招生统一考试山东数学（理）试题（含答案））已知集合 A ={0,1,2},则集合 B ={},x y x A y A -∈∈中元素的个数是 (A) 1 (B) 3 (C)5 (D)9 【答案】C
一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Gemini Man Gemini Man is a big-budget Hollywood sci-fi-action movie based on an original concept, rather than on a superhero comic or an old TV series, even though this particular original concept is more 20 years old. In it a government assassin (杀手)is being hunted down by his own clone The original script was sold by Darren Lemke to a studio in 1997, and since then almost every male A-listener has been attached as a potential star. Now, at long last, Ang Lee has directed Gemini Man, and Will Smith plays both the veteran assassin and his much younger doppelganger (分身). Jojo Rabbit During World War Two, a 10-year-old German boy (Roman Griffin David) is desperate to be a dutiful Nazi, only to discover that his mother (Scarlett Johansson) is hiding, a Jewish girl (Thomasin McKenzie) in their house. It may not sound like the stuff of a big-hearted comedy but Taika Waititi can make anything warm and funny. As well as writing and directing Jojo Rabbit, Waititi co-stars as the boy's imaginary friend,a nitwitted Adolf Hitler. Doctor Sleep Mike Flanag's new film is adapted from Stephen King, novel, Doctor Sleep, which was a sequel (续集) to The Shining. You can expect to see blood flowing out of lifts in a rapid stream, ghostly twin girls and headache-including carpet patterns. Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy with psychic powers m 1980 film. Now, he is a middle-aged hospital counsellor. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil Here's another chance to see Angelina Jolie. In 2014 she starred in Maleficent, Disney's live-action remake of the Sleeping Beauty cartoon from 1959. The twist was that the eponymous wicked fairy wasn't so wicked, after all, and that the real villain was the father of Princess Aurora (Elle Fanning). The sequel's subtitle promises that Maleficent will actually be evil this time around, her change of heart prompted by Aurora's engagement to handsome prince (Harris Dickinson).（1）What can we learn from this passage? A. Ewan McGregor plays a role in Doctor Sleep. B. Taika Waititi is the main character in Jojo Rabbit. C. Gemini Man is adapted from a 20-yem--old TV series. D. The real wicked character in Maleficent: Mistress of Evil is Aurora. （2）If your friend wants to see a horror movie, which one will you recommend? A. Gemini Man B. Jojo Babbit C. Doctor Sleep D. Maleficent: Mistress of Evil 【答案】（1）A （2）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了四部电影。 （1）考查细节理解。根据Doctor Sleep部分中的“Ewan McGregor stars as Danny Torrance, the boy w ith psychic powers in 1980 film.”可知Ewan McGregor在电影Doctor Sleep扮演Danny Torrance的角色。故选A。
第一篇基础知识梳理 第一章数与式 §1.1实数 A组2015年全国中考题组 一、选择题 1．(2015·浙江湖州，1，3分)－5的绝对值是() A．－5 B．5 C．－1 5 D. 1 5 解析∵|－5|＝5，∴－5的绝对值是5，故选B. 答案 B 2．(2015·浙江嘉兴，1，4分)计算2－3的结果为() A．－1 B．－2 C．1 D．2 解析2－3＝－1，故选A. 答案 A 3．(2015·浙江绍兴，1，4分)计算(－1)×3的结果是() A．－3 B．－2 C．2 D．3 解析(－1)×3＝－3，故选A. 答案 A 4．(2015·浙江湖州，3，3分)4的算术平方根是() A．±2 B．2 C．－2 D. 2 解析∵4的算术平方根是2，故选B. 答案 B 5．(2015·浙江宁波，3，4分)2015年中国高端装备制造业收入将超过6万亿元，其中6万亿元用科学记数法可表示为()
A．0.6×1013元B．60×1011元 C．6×1012元D．6×1013元 解析6万亿＝60 000×100 000 000＝6×104×108＝6×1012，故选C.答案 C 6．(2015·江苏南京，5，2分)估计5－1 2介于() A．0.4与0.5之间B．0.5与0.6之间C．0.6与0.7之间D．0.7与0.8之间解析∵5≈2.236，∴5－1≈1.236， ∴5－1 2≈0.618，∴ 5－1 2介于0.6与0.7之间． 答案 C 7．(2015·浙江杭州，2，3分)下列计算正确的是() A．23＋26＝29B．23－26＝2－3 C．26×23＝29D．26÷23＝22 解析只有“同底数的幂相乘，底数不变，指数相加”，“同底数幂相除，底数不变，指数相减”，故选C. 答案 C 8．★(2015·浙江杭州，6，3分)若k＜90＜k＋1(k是整数)，则k＝() A．6 B．7 C．8 D．9 解析∵81＜90＜100，∴9＜90＜100.∴k＝9. 答案 D 9．(2015·浙江金华，6，3分)如图，数轴上的A，B，C，D四点中，与表示数－3的点最接近的是 () A．点A B．点B C．点C D．点D
2012高考英语单选题语法分类汇编 一、冠词 【2012全国卷II】⒎ He missed ___ gold in the high jump, but will get ___ second chance in the long jump. A. the; the B. 不填; a C. the; a D. a; 不填 【答案】C 【2012安徽】21. Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up _____meat processing factory of his own one day. A. / ；a B. / ；the C. the ; a D. the ; the 【答案】A 【2012重庆】24. Sam has been appointed _______ manager of the engineering department to take ____ place of George. A./,/ B. the,/ C the; the D./, the 【答案】D 【2012全国】22. Sarah looked at finished painting with satisfaction. A.不填；a B. a; the C. the; 不填 D. the; a 【答案】C 【2012山东】29. Being able to afford ______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; 不填 D. 不填; a 【答案】 【2012江西】21. The Smiths don’t usually like staying at ___ hotels, but last summer they spent a few days at a very nice hotel by ____ sea. A. /; a B. the; the C. /; the D. the; a 【答案】C 【2012辽宁】21. I woke up with ______ bad headache, yet by ____ evening the pain had gone. A. the; the B. the; an C. a; the D. a; an 【答案】C 【2012四川】18. We are said to be living in ____ Information Age, ____ time of new discoveries and great changes. A. an; the B. 不填; the C. 不填; a D. the; a 【答案】D 【2012浙江】2. The development of industry has been _____ gradual process throughout _____ human existence, from stone tools to modern technology. A. 不填; the B. the; a C. a; 不填 D. a; a 【答案】C 二、名词 【2012全国卷II】⒚ The Harry Potter books are quite popular; they are in great ___ in this city.
应用题 1.（四川理9）某运输公司有12名驾驶员和19名工人，有8辆载重量为10吨的甲型卡车和 7辆载重量为6吨的乙型卡车．某天需运往A 地至少72吨的货物，派用的每辆车虚满载且只运送一次．派用的每辆甲型卡车虚配2名工人，运送一次可得利润450元；派用的每辆乙型卡车虚配1名工人，运送一次可得利润350元．该公司合理计划当天派用两类卡车的车辆数，可得最大利润z= A ．4650元 B ．4700元 C ．4900元 D ．5000元 【答案】C 【解析】由题意设派甲，乙,x y 辆，则利润450350z x y =+，得约束条件 08071210672219 x y x y x y x y ≤≤??≤≤?? +≤??+≥?+≤??画 出可行域在12219x y x y +≤??+≤?的点7 5x y =??=?代入目标函数4900z = 2.（湖北理10）放射性元素由于不断有原子放射出微粒子而变成其他元素，其含量不断减少， 这种现象称为衰变。假设在放射性同位素铯137的衰变过程中，其含量M （单位：太贝克） 与时间t （单位：年）满足函数关系：30 0()2 t M t M - =，其中M 0为t=0时铯137的含量。已知t=30时，铯137含量的变化率是-10In2（太贝克／年），则M （60）= A ．5太贝克 B ．75In2太贝克 C ．150In2太贝克 D ．150太贝克 【答案】D 3.（北京理）。根据统计，一名工作组装第x 件某产品所用的时间（单位：分钟）为 ??? ??? ? ≥<=A x A c A x x c x f ,,,)(（A ，C 为常数）。已知工人组装第4件产品用时30分钟，组装第A 件产品用时15分钟，那么C 和A 的值分别是 A ．75，25 B ．75，16 C ．60，25 D ．60，16 【答案】D 4．（陕西理）植树节某班20名同学在一段直线公路一侧植树，每人植一棵，相邻两棵树相距 10米。开始时需将树苗集中放置在某一树坑旁边，使每位同学从各自树坑出发前来领取树苗往返所走的路程总和最小，这个最小值为 （米）。 【答案】2000 5．（湖北理）《九章算术》“竹九节”问题：现有一根9节的竹子，自上而下各节的容积成等 差数列，上面4节的容积共为3升，下面3节的容积共4升，则第5节的容积为 升。 【答案】67 66 6.（湖北理）提高过江大桥的车辆通行能力可改善整个城市的交通状况。在一般情况下，大 桥上的车流速度v （单位：千米/小时）是车流密度x （单位：辆/千米）的函数。当桥上的的车流密度达到200辆/千米时，造成堵塞，此时车流速度为0；当车流密度不超过20 辆/千米时，车流速度为60千米/小时，研究表明；当20200x ≤≤时，车流速度v 是车流密度x 的一次函数．
高考英语阅读理解真题汇编(含答案) 一、高中英语阅读理解 1．阅读理解 Mexico sites on an island plateau (高原) surrounded by volcanic peaks, which makes air quality a constant concern for people who live there. In April, the country took a decisive step toward improving air quality by enacting a temporary ban on private and Federal vehicles in the city. The rule forbids people from driving in the city one day each week and one Saturday each month. Electric vehicles, government service vehicles, public transport options and school buses are not included in the ban. Mexico City isn't the first urban center to be involved in car-free living. But the ban is more than an awareness-raiser. It was enacted with the direct aim of solving air pollution. In March, the city sank into a deep brown haze of smog when the pollution levels passed the 200 mark. The city ordered some 1.1m of the area's 4.7m cars off the streets and also offered free bus and subway rides. Mexico City's temporary vehicle ban raises questions about the best ways to improve urban air quality. India, whose citizens breathe some of the world's dirtiest air, has tried a variety of solutions. Earlier this year, the Indian government started a 4% sales tax on new-car purchases. Beijing also has experience with cleaning the air. The city introduced alternate-day rules in advance of the 2008 Olympic Games, which produced good results. And then there is the London congestion (拥挤) charge, introduced in 2003. The charge has had a measurable effect on air quality. For now, Mexico City — named by the United Nations as the most polluted city on the planet in 1992 — can look forward to the start of the region's rainy season, when daily showers will help lo clean the air. （1）How did Mexico ban vehicles in the city? A. By banning private and Federal vehicles one day a week. B. By forbidding private and public vehicles every Saturday. C. By limiting the number of new cars. D. By prohibiting the vehicles except public ones.（2）What did the government of Mexico do when carrying out the ban on vehicles? A. Raised the number of public vehicles. B. Offered free bus and subway rides. C. Introduced more travel options. D. Encouraged citizens to leave the city. （3）What may contribute to improving the air quality in Mexico? A. Alternate-day rules. B. Tax rises. C. Congestion charge. D. The rainy season.（4）What's the best title for the passage? A. Mexico —an Island Plateau B. A Variety of Bans on Vehicles in Mexico C. Should Cities Be Car-free Zones D. How to Improve Air Quality 【答案】（1）A （2）B （3）D （4）C
2008年高考数学试题分类汇编 圆锥曲线 一． 选择题： 1.（福建卷11)又曲线22 221x y a b ==（a ＞0,b ＞0）的两个焦点为F 1、F 2,若P 为其上一点，且|PF 1|=2|PF 2|,则双曲线离心率的取值范围为B A.(1,3) B.(]1,3 C.(3,+∞) D.[)3,+∞ 2.（海南卷11）已知点P 在抛物线y 2 = 4x 上，那么点P 到点Q （2，－1）的距 离与点P 到抛物线焦点距离之和取得最小值时，点P 的坐标为（ A ） A. （ 4 1 ，－1） B. （4 1 ，1） C. （1，2） D. （1，－2） 3.(湖北卷10)如图所示，“嫦娥一号”探月卫星沿地月转移轨道飞向月球，在月球附近一点P 轨进入以月球球心F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道Ⅰ绕月飞行，之后卫星在P 点第二次变轨进入仍以F 为一个焦点的椭圆轨道Ⅱ绕月飞行，最终卫星在P 点第三次变轨进入以F 为圆心的圆形轨道Ⅲ绕月飞行，若用12c 和22c 分别表示椭轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ的焦距，用12a 和 22a 分别表示椭圆轨道Ⅰ和Ⅱ的长轴的长，给出下列式子： ①1122a c a c +=+; ②1122a c a c -=-; ③1212c a a c >; ④11c a ＜22 c a . 其中正确式子的序号是B A. ①③ B. ②③ C. ①④ D. ②④ 4.（湖南卷8）若双曲线22 221x y a b -=（a ＞0,b ＞0）上横坐标为32a 的点到右焦点 的距离大于它到左准线的距离，则双曲线离心率的取值范围是( B ) A.(1,2) B.(2,+∞) C.(1,5) D. (5,+∞)
51.【答案】E 【解析】根据下一句ready to offer you public speaking training and courses可知，开头说的是与public speaking 有关的问题，故选E。 52.【答案】B 【解析】根据第一句可知，演讲要集中在自己做过的成功的事情上，故选B。 53.【答案】C 【解析】本段第一句中提到lots of dos and don’ts, walk away!可知，如果有的培训讲太多的条条框框的话，最好不要理会这样的培训，故选C。 54.【答案】G 【解析】根据上一句Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about 可知，给大脑灌输一套规则会使事情变得更糟糕。故选G。 55.【答案】A 【解析】根据treat you as a special one, with your own personal habits可知，本段讲的是“与众不同”，故选A。 5.课标I 第二节(共5小题:每小题2分，满分10分) 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项选项中有两项为多余选项。 Business is organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润) —that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. __71__Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. __72__ Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business.__73__One is the establishment (制定) of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting __74__The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision (监管) and guidance by the management in authority.__75__ A. Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work. B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management. C. Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service
2017高考英语阅读理解解析版汇编（70） 阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A,B,C或D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。 “Experience may possibly be the best teacher,but it is not a particularly good teacher.” You might think that Winston Churchill or perhaps Mark Twain spoke those words,but they actually come from James March,a professor at Stanford University and a pioneer in the field of organizational decision making. For years March(possibly the wisest philosopher of management)has studied how humans think and act,and he continues to do so in his new bookThe Ambiguities of Experience. He begins by reminding us of just how firmly we have been sticking to the idea of experiential learning:“Experience is respected;experience is sought;experience is explained.” The problem is that learning from experience involves(涉及)serious complications(复杂化),ones that are part of the nature of experience itself and which March discusses in the body of this book. In one interesting part of the book,for example,he turns a doubtful eye toward the use of stories as the most effective way of experiential learning. In our efforts to make stories interesting,he argues,we lose part of the complicated truth of things. He says “The more accurately(精确地)reality is presented,the less understandable the story,and the more understandable the stor y,the less realistic it is.” Besides being a broadly knowledgeable researcher,March is also a poet,and his gift shines through in the depth of views he offers and the simple language he uses. Though the book is short,it is demanding:Don’t pick it up lookin g for quick,easy lessons. Rather,be ready to think deeply about learning from experience in work and life. 1. According to the text,James March is. A. a poet who uses experience in his writing B. a teacher who teaches story writing in university C. a researcher who studies the way humans think and act D. a professor who helps organizations make important decisions 2. According to James March,experience. A. is overvalued B. is easy to explain C. should be actively sought D. should be highly respected
2007年高考数学试题分类汇编（导数） （福建理11文） 已知对任意实数x ，有()()()()f x f x g x g x -=--=，，且0x >时，()0()0f x g x ''>>，，则0x <时（ B ） A ．()0()0f x g x ''>>， B ．()0()0f x g x ''><， C ．()0()0f x g x ''<>， D ．()0()0f x g x ''<<， （海南理10） 曲线12 e x y =在点2(4e )，处的切线与坐标轴所围三角形的面积为（ D ） Ａ．29 e 2 Ｂ．24e Ｃ．22e Ｄ．2e （海南文10） 曲线x y e =在点2(2)e ，处的切线与坐标轴所围三角形的面积为（ D ） Ａ．294e Ｂ．2 2e Ｃ．2 e Ｄ．2 2 e （江苏9） 已知二次函数2()f x ax bx c =++的导数为'()f x ，'(0)0f >，对于任意实数x 都有()0f x ≥， 则(1)'(0) f f 的最小值为（ C ） A ．3 B ．52 C ．2 D ．3 2 （江西理9） 12．设2:()e ln 21x p f x x x mx =++++在(0)+∞，内单调递增，:5q m -≥，则p 是q 的（ B ） Ａ．充分不必要条件 Ｂ．必要不充分条件 Ｃ．充分必要条件 Ｄ．既不充分也不必要条件 （江西理5） 5．若π 02 x <<，则下列命题中正确的是（ D ） Ａ．3sin πx x < Ｂ．3sin πx x > Ｃ．2 24sin π x x < Ｄ．2 24sin π x x >
（江西文8） 若π 02x << ，则下列命题正确的是（ B ） Ａ．2sin πx x < Ｂ．2sin πx x > Ｃ．3sin πx x < Ｄ．3 sin π x x > （辽宁理12） 已知()f x 与()g x 是定义在R 上的连续函数，如果()f x 与()g x 仅当0x =时的函数值为0，且()()f x g x ≥，那么下列情形不可能．．． 出现的是（ ） A ．0是()f x 的极大值，也是()g x 的极大值 B ．0是()f x 的极小值，也是()g x 的极小值 C ．0是()f x 的极大值，但不是()g x 的极值 D ．0是()f x 的极小值，但不是()g x 的极值 （全国一文11） 曲线313y x x =+在点413?? ???，处的切线与坐标轴围成的三角形面积为（ A ） Ａ．19 Ｂ．29 Ｃ．13 Ｄ．23 （全国二文8） 已知曲线2 4 x y =的一条切线的斜率为12，则切点的横坐标为（ A ） A ．1 B ．2 C ．3 D ．4 （浙江理8） 设()f x '是函数()f x 的导函数，将()y f x =和()y f x '=的图象画在同一个直角坐标系中，不可能正确的是（ D ） (北京文9) ()f x '是3 1()213 f x x x = ++的导函数，则(1)f '-的值是＿＿＿＿．3 （广东文12）
高考阅读理解技巧 一、阅读理解题选材 高考阅读理解题选材，一般遵循三个原则： 1. 文章一般为3篇（含信息匹配题），阅读量在1100单词左右； 2. 题材广泛，包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容； 3. 体裁多样，包括记叙文、描写文、说明文、议论文、应用文等。 二、英语阅读文体类型 学会分析体裁的能力对我们做好阅读理解来说是非常重要的。由于不同的文体有不同的段落组织方式和脉络层次，所以我们可以根据这种特点来快速分析文章的体裁： ●记叙文往往按时间顺序展开段落，文章有明显表示时间先后的词语。阅读时抓住时间这条主线，弄清who、 what、where、why与how。文章主旨要透过体察所揭示的人物、事件来进行提炼。描写手法大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文体应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上去把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及情感主线。高考阅读就记叙文设题大多以细节理解为主。 ●描写文通过细节的描写以画面的方式来反应事物的特征、性质。对这种文章要迅速弄清其主题，主题词往往出 现在各个句子里，贯穿文章的始末；紧围绕这个主题进行阅读，找到文章与之有关的信息，并确定信息与主题的关系。 ●说明文用以解释或揭示事物的状态、特征、演变、结果及其相互之间的关系，这类文体的文章，首句往往是主 题句，开门见山，说明文章的关注对象：弄清作者的思路和段落组织的方式；把握次要信息及其与主题的关系。 英语说明文的总体结构通常为三部份，说明对象、说明过程和归纳总结。常见的说明方法： 1，定义与诠释说明； 2，举例与引用说明； 3，分类与图表说明； 4，比较与比喻说明； 5，分析与综合说明； 就高考英语说明文的阅读而言，首先要抓住文章说明的要点，也就是要抓住被说明对象的实质性特征；弄清作者从哪个角度、哪个层面开始说明；并明白文章最后的说明结论。高考说明文阅读材料通常介绍最新科技、重大成就、生活时尚、流行现象等。了解说明文的写作手法、说明方法，理清短文结构及段落中心思想是答题关键。 ●议论文通常为三段式，即“论点、论据、结论”三部份组成。首先借助某一现象引出论点，然后通过一定论据 从各个层面上加以推理论证，最后得出结论。议论文体主要考查学生对论点及论据的把握。因此，遇到议论文体时，应采取抓主题句的方法来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后为结论。还应注意的是：在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句都是该段的主题句。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。 就议论文而言，其论证的常见结构方式有： 1，总分式总---分；分----总；总----分---总； 2，并列式几个论据之间属于平等关系； 3，递进式几个论据之间属于递进关系； 4，对照式把两种事物加以对比，以彰显其中一种。 ●应用文属于实用型文体，如书信、通知、日记、广告等。应用文阅读要注意文中具体细节的把握与理解，弄清 作者所传达的实际信息及表达的具体内容。阅读时采取速读与精读相结合的方法，力求快速精确地查出试题所设置的关键内容。
2019---2020年真题分类汇编 一、 集合(2019) 1，（全国1理1）已知集合}242{60{}M x x N x x x =-<<=--<，，则M N = A ．}{43x x -<< B ．}42{x x -<<- C ．}{22x x -<< D ．}{23x x << 2，（全国1文2）已知集合{}{}{}1,2,3,4,5,6,72,3,4,52,3,6,7U A B ===，，，则U B A = A ．{}1,6 B ．{}1,7 C ．{}6,7 D ．{}1,6,7 3，（全国2理1）设集合A ={x |x 2–5x +6>0}，B ={x |x –1<0}，则A ∩B = A ．(–∞，1) B ．(–2，1) C ．(–3，–1) D ．(3，+∞) 4，（全国2文1）已知集合={|1}A x x >-，{|2}B x x =<，则A ∩B = A ．(-1，+∞) B ．(-∞，2) C ．(-1，2) D ．? 5，（全国3文、理1）已知集合2{1,0,1,2}{|1}A B x x =-=≤，，则A B = A ．{}1,0,1- B ．{}0,1 C ．{}1,1- D ．{}0,1,2 6，（北京文，1）已知集合A ={x |–1