IELTS议论文6分必备136个词汇_完美版

雅思写作词汇和句型雅思写作必备词汇和句型形容词1. 明显的Obvious, apparent, evident, manifest2. 优秀的Excellent, eminent, top, outstanding3. 惊人的Surprising, amazing, extraordinary, miraculous, remarkable 4. 消极的，不良的Bad, detrimental, baneful, undesirable5. 美丽的`Beautiful, attractive, gorgeous, eye-catching6. 贫穷的Poor, needy, impoverished, poverty-stricken7. 有活力的Energetic, dynamic, animated8. 积极的，好的Good, conducive, beneficial, advantageous8. 健康的Healthy, robust, sound, wholesome10. 富裕的Rich, wealthy, affluent, well-to-do, well-off11. 流行的Popular, prevailing, pervasive名词1. 人类Human beings, mankind, human race2. 影响Influence, impact3. 危险Danger, peril, hazard4. 污染Pollution, contamination5. 老人Old people, the old, the elderly, the aged,senior citizens 6. 幸福Happiness, well-being7. 老师Teachers, instructors, educators8. 教育Education, schooling, upbringing9. 青少年Young people, youngsters, youths,adolescents10. 优点Advantage, merits, superiority, virtue11. 责任Responsibility, obligation, duty, liability12. 能力Ability, capacity, power, skill13. 职业Job, career, employment, profession14. 娱乐Enjoyment, pastimes, recreation,entertainment15. 孩子Children, offspring, descendant, kid动词1. 提高，加强Improve, enhance, promote, strengthen,optimize2. 解决Solve, resolve, cope with, deal with3. 拆除Destroy, knock down, eradicate4. 引起Cause, trigger5. 培养Develop, cultivate, foster, nurture6. 激发，鼓励Encourage, motivate, stimulate7. 认为Think, assert, hold, claim, argue8. 完成Complete, fulfill, accomplish, achieve9. 保留Keep, preserve, retain, hole10. 有害于Destroy, impair, undermine, jeopardize11. 减轻Ease, alleviate, relieve, lighten作文必备加分句型：开头Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic Recently the problem has been brought into focus. Nowadays there is a growing concern overWhat calls for special attention is thatIt is common knowledge thatIt is well-known thatMany nations have been faced with the problem of According to a recent surveyWith the rapid development of结尾From what has been discussed / mentioned above, we may conclude thatTherefore, it is not difficult to draw / come to the conclusion thatAs far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent.From all the seasons/ consideration above, it is clear/ obvious thatTaking into account all these factors, we may reach the conclusion thatGiven the reasons/consideration I have just outlined/ discussed/ presented, I strongly recommend thatAll in all, what really matters isIt is essential that effective measures be taken toFrom what has been discussed above, we may reasonably draw the conclusion thatAs a result, we should take some effective steps toJudging by the figures/statistics, it is not difficult to see that 表示反驳It is true that, but one vital point is being left out.There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact.Some people say, but it does not hold water.Many of us have been under the illusion thatA close examination would reveal how ridiculous the statement is.It makes no sense to argue forToo much stress placed on may lead toSuch a statement mainly rests onthe assumption thatContrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that表示证明No one can deny the fact thatThe idea is hardly supported by facts.Unfortunately, none of the available date showsRecent studies indicate thatThere is sufficient evidence to show thatAccording to statistics proved by, it can be seen that表示原因A number of factors areaccountable for this situation/ contribute to (lead to)(account for) the phenomenon(problem) The answer to this problem involves many factors.The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact thatThe factors that contribute tothis situation includeThe change in largely results from the fact thatPart of the explanations for itis thatOne of the most common factors(causes) is thatAnother contributing factor(cause) isPerhaps the primary factor is thatBut the fundamental cause is that【雅思写作必备词汇和句型】。

雅思写作大作文常用必备词汇A 教育类1. subject 科目（history历史；science科学；arts艺术）2. humanities 人文学科3. social sciences 社会学科（economics经济学, sociology社会学, psychology心理学, law法律等）4. natural sciences自然学科（chemistry化学，physics物理，biology生物等）5. basic sciences基础学科6. applied sciences应用学科7. distance education远程教育8. compulsory course必修课9. optional course选修课10. credits学分11. awareness意识（promote our awareness of…提高对…的意识）12. creative有创造性的13. original新颖的，原创的14. physical身体上的，生理上的15. emotional情感上的16. psychological心理上的17. peers同龄人18. motivation动力（highly motivated students有很强动力的学生）19. stimulating令人激动的20. acquire获取（acquire knowledge学习知识）21. practical实际的22. philosophical哲学的，抽象的（Nowadays many people prefer more practical subjects such as maths and physics to philosophical subjects such as history and arts.）23. develop培养（develop a sense of responsibility培养责任感）24. versatile全面发展的，多才多艺的25. theoretical knowledge理论知识26. draw inspiration获取灵感27. teaching method教学方法28. job skills就业技能29. expectation期望30.ambition志向31. competitive竞争激烈的32. self-esteem自尊33. think independently独立地思考34. think critically批判地思考35. evaluate评价36. feedback反馈37. sense of frustration挫败感38. a positive attitude toward life积极的人生态度B 科技类1.breakthrough突破2.advance进展，发展（scientific advances科技进步）3.advanced高级的4.potential潜在的5.available可以得到的；可以使用的6.enhance提升（enhance our awareness of…增强对…的意识）7.productivity生产力8.beneficial有益的9.positive积极的10.negative消极的11.double-edged sword双刃剑bor-consuming费力的13.time-consuming耗时的bor-intensive industry劳动密集型产业rmation explosion信息爆炸16.virtual classroom虚拟教室17.online fraud网络诈骗18.artificial intelligence（AI）人工智能19.alternative替换的，另一种的，不同的20.industrial revolution工业革命21.automation自动化22.considerably boost industrial efficiency极大地提高工作效率23.pervasive application广泛应用24.unreasonably high unemployment rate过高的失业率25.social dissatisfaction社会不满26.increase burden on the government提高政府的负担27.social welfare社会福利28.non-renewable fossil fuels不可再生的化石燃料29.hi-tech library高科技图书馆30.facility设施31.multimedia facility多媒体设备32.storage capacity储存容量33.improve working efficiency (time-conserving)提高工作效率（省时的）34.bring conve nience to people’s life给人们生活带来便利35.facilitate communication方便沟通交流36.entertainment / recreation, enrich people’s life娱乐，丰富生活ck face to face communication面对面交流变少38.infringe people’s privacy侵犯隐私39.intense radiation（failing eyesight, health hazard）强辐射（视力衰退，危害健康）40.promote / boost economic development促进经济发展41.improve people’s living standard提高人们生活水平42.provide opportunities of employment增加就业机会43.have access to all kinds of information接触各种各样的信息44.be flooded with negative information (pornography and violence)不良信息泛滥（色情与暴力）45.security (cyber crime)安全问题（网络犯罪）C 旅游类1.culture shock文化冲击2.explore探索；研究（explore the foreign culture探索外国文化；explore this problem研究这个问题）3.conflict冲突4.discord / dissension争端5.prejudice偏见（overcome the prejudices克服偏见）6.exotic异族的；异国风味的7.first-hand experience一手经验；亲身体验8.refreshing提神的9.tourist attractions / tourist spots / places of interest旅游景点10.expand one’s vision / horizons开阔眼界11.Tourists can interact with locals.游客可以和当地人互动12.promote cultural communication促进文化交流13.mutual understanding相互了解14.seclude / isolate the tourists from the locals把游客和当地人隔离15.tourist trap欺骗游客的手段D 媒介类1.popular流行的；受欢迎的2.objective客观的3.be biased against…对…有偏见（Today many people are biased against subjects such as history and arts.）4.celebrity名人5.journalist记者6.propaganda宣传7.right to know知情权8.popularity知名度9.cover报道（=report）10.misleading误导的（misleading report误导性报道）11.cheating欺骗性的12.trustworthy值得信任的rmative信息量很大的14.entertaining娱乐性质的15.responsible负责任的；有责任心的16.rising star新星17.advertising广告mercial电视广告19.audience ratings收视率20.current affairs时事21.have access to…可以获取或使用…22.exaggerate夸大23.insight洞察力24.sensational轰动的25.prevalent普遍的，流行的26.imperative重要的，必要的27.be abducted by受…的诱导28.purify one’s soul净化心灵29.meet different tastes满足不同口味30.invade one’s privacy侵犯某人的隐私31.provide sb. with sth.给某人提供某物32.follow the fashion blindly盲目地追逐时尚33.be inconceivable to sb.对某人来说是难以想象的34.impressive给人印象深刻的35.in the disguise of…打着…的幌子36.endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全37.live in virtual world生活在一个虚拟世界中38.be a great comfort to sb.对某人来说是一个巨大的安慰E 政府类1.alleviate减轻，缓和2.authorities当局；主管部门3.impose强加于（Government should impose high tax on high-fat food products, tobacco and alcohol.）4.democratic民主的5.efficient有效率的6.enact颁布（to enact laws to bring the crime under control）7.sensible policy明智的政策8. a long-term solution长远的解决方案9.eventually最后，终于，从长远看10.give priority to…优先处理…11.unemployment rate失业率12.be indifferent to…对…漠不关心的13.means of transport交通工具14.urbanization城市化15.rewarding有回报的16.flexible灵活的mit a crime犯罪18.arbitration调停19.deadlock僵局20.embargo禁运21.summit conference首脑会议，峰会22.abstain from voting弃权23.air of tension紧张气氛24.amendment修正案25.briefing meeting简要新闻发布会26.face-to-face talk会晤，面晤27.long-standing issue由来已久的问题28.poverty-stricken area 贫困地区29.highly-sophisticated technology尖端技术30.conspiracy阴谋31.imprisonment监禁32.release释放33.pardon特赦34.accusation谴责，指控35.welfare福利36.radical激进的37.overturning颠覆性的38.independent独立的39.breathtaking激动人心的F 性别类1.equality平等2.gender equality男女平等，性别平等3.gender discrimination性别歧视4.stereotype刻板印象，思维定势（stereotype image of a woman）5.feminism女性主义6.household chores家务活7.physical strength身体的力量8.intellectual智力的9.liberation解放10.job market工作市场G 家庭类1.family members家庭成员2.family tree家谱3.relations, relatives, kinfolk, kin亲属4.my people我家人5.next of kin近亲6.family life家庭生活7.spoil溺爱munity社区9.generation gap代沟10.harmony和谐11.protective保护性的12.excessive过多的13.a single-parent family单亲家庭14.a broken family破裂的家庭15.domestic violence家庭暴力16.emotional refuge情感避难所17.life expectancy人口平均寿命18.caste社会地位19.generation代20.branch支，系21.tribe部族，部落22.clan氏族23.race, breed种族24.lineage宗族，世系25.stock门第，血统26.of noble birth贵族出身27.of humble birth平民出身28.dynasty朝代29.origin出身30.ancestry祖先，先辈31.ancestors, forebears, forefathers祖先32.extraction家世33.descent后代，后辈34.descendants后代，晚辈35.progeny后裔36.succession继承37.consanguinity, blood relationship血缘38.kinsmen by blood血亲39.affinity姻亲关系，嫡戚关系40.kinsmen by affinity姻亲H 社会类1.put forward valuable suggestions提出宝贵建议2.play a major role in easing traffic在缓解交通压力上扮演了重要角色3.participate in reconstruction of the city参与城市重建4.raise the environmental management level提高环境管理水平5.create a pleasant ecological environment创造出一种和谐的生态环境6.give priority to优先关注7.catch much attention引起很大关注8.resource allocation资源配置9.perfect the construction of urban infrastructure完善城市基础设施建设10.reduce the number of vehicles减少车辆11.water scarcity水短缺12.the environmental pollution环境污染13.over-industrialization过度工业化14.over-crowdedness过度拥挤15.unemployment失业16.wealth distribution财富分配17.social instability社会动荡18.urban construction城市建设19.population explosion人口激增20.drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗21.offer more job opportunities提供更多的就业机会22.a rapid pace of life快节奏生活23.stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病24.high cost of living高额生活费用25.pastoral life田园生活26.class polarization 阶级两级分化27.social welfare社会福利28.give special care to…给予…特殊关照29.urban sprawl城市扩张30.convenient transport means便捷的交通工具31.better medical services更好的医疗服务32.pressure of modern life in city现代城市生活压力33.be vulnerable to…易于患上…34.melting pot熔炉35.on the brink of…处于…的边缘36.pollutant污染性物质37.waste disposal废物处理38.put the blame on…归咎于…39.be attributable to…归因于…40.ways of consumption消费方式41.suffer heavy losses遭受重大损失42.citizen居民43.be confronted with…面临着…44.vicious cycle恶性循环45.a feasible measure一种可行的措施46.city planners城市规划者I 犯罪类1.crime (murder, theft, robbery, bribery)罪行（谋杀，偷盗，抢劫，贿赂）mit a crime犯罪3.criminal罪犯4.victim受害者5.violate the law违法6.consequence后果7.youngster年轻人8.teenager青少年9.juvenile crime青少年犯罪10.punishment惩罚11.capital punishment死刑12.life imprisonment无期徒刑；终身监禁w-abiding citizens守法公民14.benefit from…从…中受益15.a rising crime rate犯罪率上升16.breed crimes滋生犯罪17.put the blame on…归咎于…J 动物类1.endangered species濒危动物2.on the verge of extinction处于灭绝边缘3.become extinct灭绝的panion伴侣5.harmonious和谐的6.co-exist / coexistence共存7.animal rights动物权益8.animal rights activists动物权益保护主义9.artificial人造的10.food chain食物链11.afford their masters consolation and comfort给主人心理安慰12.replacements / substitutes / alternatives替代boratory实验室14.vaccine疫苗15.animal experiments动物实验16.medical research医学研究17.vivisection活体解剖18.anesthetic麻醉19.alleviate / ease animals’ pain减轻动物的痛苦20.extremist极端主义者21.be brought to justice被绳之以法22.cruel / merciless / inhuman / callous / brutal残忍的23.poaching偷猎24.perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验25.test animals用于实验的动物26.be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验27.clinical research临床研究28.medical research医学研究29.origin of species物种起源30.diversity of species物种多样性31.biological diversity生物多样性32.equilibrium of ecosystem生态平衡33.shameless无耻的34.barbaric野蛮的35.live and let live与万物共存36.dominant species优势物种37.infringement践踏38.right to live生存权39.torture折磨40.anti-science反科学的41.life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病42.scientific gains科学成果43.evolution进化puter simulation电脑模拟45.groundless没有理由的46.humane人道的47.medical technology医疗技术48.anatomy解剖49.equal公平的50.unreliable不可信赖的51.valid有效的，正当的52.be convicted of被判有…罪，宣布有罪K 环境类1.disposable一次性的2.pollute污染3.consume消费4.shortage短缺5.recycle循环利用6.sustainable development可持续发展7.exploit开发，利用8.ecosystem生态系统9.ecological balance生态平衡10.environmentalist生态主义者11.deforestation砍伐森林12.renewable energy可再生能源13.alternative energy替换能源14.chain reaction连锁反应15.the greenhouse effect温室效应16.over-grazing过度放牧17.desertification沙漠化18.industrial waste工业废料19.acid rain酸雨20.chemical plant化工厂21.destroy the ozone layer破坏臭氧层22.endanger existing species危害现存物种23.set up a foundation建立一笔基金24.appeal to the government向政府呼吁25.adopt several strong measures采取一些强有力的措施26.raise people’s awareness of the environment提高人们的环境意识27.deterioration of the ecology生态恶化28.break the ecological balance破坏生态平衡29.enhance the quality of life提高生活质量30.for the future generations / for our descendants为了子孙后代31.bring about a lot of losses / disasters造成巨大损失/ 灾难32.pursue one’s short-term interest追求眼前利益L 工作/ 生活类1.ambitious雄心壮志的，野心勃勃的2.adaptability适应性3.adapt oneself to…使自己适应…4.prosperity繁荣5.be disadvantageous to…对…不利6.flow of personnel人才流动7.mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制8.survival of the fittest适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment成就感10.potentiality潜能11.learn to cooperate and comprise学习合作和妥协12.be deeply impressed with…对…印象很深pany philosophy企业文化14.flexibility灵活性15.arena舞台16.team-work spirit团队合作精神17.treasure opportunity珍惜机会18.a fat salary收入颇丰19.a harmonious interpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系20.a sense of responsibility责任感21.material gains物质待遇22.promising future光明的前途23.bright prospect光明的前景24.a challenging job一份句有挑战性的工作25.turning point转折点26.be closely related to…与…息息相关27.get advanced in society出人头地28.a decent job一份体面的工作29.chance of promotion升职机会30.stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感31.keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技能可以不断更新32.expand one’s horizons开阔视野33.balance work and life平衡工作和生活34.from-nine-to-five朝九晚五一族35.shoulder / undertake one’s responsibilities承担起自己的责任36.upgrade oneself提升自我37.a well-paid job高收入工作38.creative work创造性工作39.stand up to / meet the challenge迎接挑战40.realize the value of life实现人生价值41.enrich one’s social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历42.cultivate one’s independence and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性43.seek for personal development追求个人发展44.display one’s talent展示才能45.a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感46.promotion opportunity提升机会47.meet one’s personalized needs满足某人个性化需求48.define one’s role确定自己的角色49.social recognition社会认可50.accumulate experience积攒经验51.inspiring鼓舞人心的52.motivation动机53.workaholic工作狂54.working environment工作环境55.work overtime加班56.improve one’s capabilities提高某人能力57.deve lop one’s talents培养才智58.ideal workplace理想工作场所59.master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能M 文化语言类1.preserve保存，保护2.ancestor祖先3.cultural heritage文化遗产4.cultural diversity文化多样性5.cultural conflict文化冲突6.tradition传统7.cultural relics / sites文化遗迹8.custom习俗9.carry / pass down from generation to generation代代相传10.conservative保守的11.cling to old ideas守旧12.universal language世界语言，通用语言13.means of communication交流工具14.develop linguistic skills培养语言技能15.cultivate logical thinking培养逻辑思维16.obscure晦涩难懂的17.cultural insights文化视角18.linguistically diverse语言多样性19.diversity and inclusiveness多样性和包容性20.distinct culture独特的文化21.culture gap文化差异22.national identity民族特色23.quintessence精粹24.an essence of immortality永恒的精髓25.multicultural多文化的26.break with old traditions打破传统十大增分小词1.perhaps / probably也许，或许2.yet仍然，还，但是3.hardly几乎不4.certainly当然5.even甚至6.just / merely仅仅，只是7.also也8.by doing…通过做…9.quite相当10.around大约十大增分形容词/ 副词1.specifically具体地说2.virtually几乎3.obviously很明显4.increasingly越来越5.accordingly相应地6.eventually最后，终于7.consequently结果，因此8.undoubtedly毫无疑问地rgely在很大程度上10.partly部分地十大增分连接词1.for the sake of…因为…的缘故2.in terms o f…在…方面3.likewise / similarly / by the same token同理4.in spite of虽然，尽管5.as well as以及6.regardless of…不管7.as a result所以，因此8.in addition to…除…之外9.like / unlike像/不像…一样10.in regards to就…来说十大增分词组1.benefit from从…受益2.have access to…可以使用…3.provide sth. for sb. / provide sb. with sth.为…提供…4.find something adj.发现…5.gain a better understanding of…更好地理解…6.on the rise / decline在上升/下降7.in conclusion总之8.from this perspective从这个角度9.be likely to do …可能做…10.take measures to do sth.采取措施做…。

观点与立场：Opinion: 观点Argue: 争论Support: 支持Oppose: 反对Persuade: 说服优点与缺点：Advantage: 优点Disadvantage: 缺点Merit: 优点，价值Demerit: 缺点，过失原因与结果：Cause: 原因Effect: 影响，结果Consequence: 后果Result: 结果趋势与变化：Trend: 趋势Tendency: 倾向Change: 改变Shift: 转变影响与重要性：Impact: 影响Influence: 影响Significance: 重要性Vital: 至关重要的社会与文化：Society: 社会Culture: 文化Tradition: 传统Custom: 习俗科技与发展：Technology: 科技Advance: 进步Development: 发展Innovation: 创新教育与学习：Education: 教育Learning: 学习Knowledge: 知识Skill: 技能环境与自然资源：Environment: 环境Conservation: 保护Pollution: 污染Resource: 资源经济与金融：Economy: 经济Finance: 金融Budget: 预算Investment: 投资政策与法规：Policy: 政策Law: 法律Regulation: 规章Enforce: 执行健康与生活方式：Health: 健康Lifestyle: 生活方式Fitness: 健康状况Exercise: 锻炼媒体与信息：Media: 媒体Information: 信息Internet: 互联网News: 新闻情感与态度：Emotion: 情感Attitude: 态度Optimistic: 乐观的Pessimistic: 悲观的解决方法与措施：Solution: 解决方案Measure: 措施Step: 步骤Implement: 实施。

IELTS议论文6分必备136个词汇——摘自慎小嶷著《十天突破雅思作文》第四版Education1 家长给小孩的教育parenting n.2 学校对学生的教育schooling n.3 培养cultivate vt.4 意识awareness = sense = recognition n.5 有创造力的creative / original adj.6 身体的physical adj.7 心理的psychological adj.8 同龄人peer n.9 动力motivation n. （形容词motivated, 有动力的）10 适应... adapt to11 纪律discipline n.12 记忆memorise(英式拼写) vt.13 获得acquire vt. （后面经常加knowledge / skills）14 有趣的stimulating adj. （在教育类作文中经常可以替代interesting）Media15 形容词“无处不在的”prevalent adj. 经常可以代替everywhere16 客观的objective adj.17 不客观的biased adj.18 名人celebrity n.19 记者journalists n.20 新闻界the press21 报道coverage n. （动词是cover）22 有误导性的misleading adj.23 可靠的dependable adj.24 非常及时的up-to-the-minute adj.sway vt.25 媒体影响公众经常用sway后面加宾语的表达26 信息量大的informative adj.27 娱乐性强的entertaining adj.Technology28 改变transform vt. 代替change29 突破breakthrough n.30 发展advance v. & n.31 惊人的速度 a staggering rate32 信息爆炸information overload33 提高，增强enhance = boost vt.34 创新，发明innovations n.35 远程通讯telecommunications n.36 高生产率的（它的名词productive adj.productivity生产率在科技类话题也很常用）Government37 首要任务priority n.38 稳定stability n.39 建立establish vt.40 解决... solve = combat = tackle = resolve = address vt.41 减轻，缓解alleviate = ease vt.42 对...投资invest in = allocate money to43 当局the authorities44 禁止ban = forbid = prohibit vt.45 监督scrutinise / monitor vt.46 管理administer = regulate vt.47 税收tax revenue48 民主的democratic adj.49 需求demand vt. & n.50 高效率的efficient adj.Tourism51 开阔人的眼界broaden one’s horizons / expand one’s outlook52 冲突conflicts n.53 探索explore vt.54 促进promote vt. （反义词是restrict，阻碍或限制）55 旅游点tourist attraction56 当地居民local residents = local inhabitants57 互相了解mutual understanding58 丰富人的经历enrich one’s experienceLanguagesthe proliferation of...59 ...的大量扩散（比如英语，互联网，环境污染等）60 在...占统领地位plays a dominant role in...61 灭绝go extinct62 小语种lesser-known languages63 ...的广泛使用the widespread use of...Culture64 祖先ancestors n.descendants n.65 后代（注意倒数第三个字母是a不是e，很容易拼错）66 文化同化cultural assimilation67 盲目的indiscriminate adj.68 历史悠久的time-honoured n.69 文化遗产cultural heritage70 文化多样性cultural diversity71 文化特征cultural identity72 少数民族ethnic minoritiesDevelopment73 生活节奏the pace of life = the tempo of life74 城乡差距the gap between the urban area and the rural area75 消除eliminate vt.76 质量差的inferior adj.77 设施facilities n.78 （人与人之间）疏远的alienated adj.79 （人）物质化的，现实的materialistic adj.80 现状the present situation = the current situation = thestatus quo81 建筑的外观exterior n.82 功能function n.Globalisation83 席卷一切的潮流sweeping trendssynthesize the Asian and the Western cultures84 有机结合东西文化（culture表示种类时可以加复数）85 侵蚀（本土文化）erode vt.86 普遍的universal adj.87 孤立的isolated adj.88 进口import vt. & n.89 出口export vt. & n.Women90 家庭暴力domestic violence91 性别平等gender equality92 歧视（后面的介词跟against）discrimination n.93 一个开明的社会an enlightened society94 家务事household chores95 被...所拖累be tied down byFamily96 后代offspring n.97 性格冲突personality clashes98 家庭的另一种写法household n.99 富裕的affluent adj.10贫穷的impoverished adj.10社区community n.110家庭观念family values210代沟generation gap310亲情family bonds410和谐harmony n.5Crime106犯罪crimes = offense = criminal acts n.107犯罪（动词短语）commit a crime n.108严厉的stringent adj.109惩罚punishment / penalty n.11犯罪率the crime rate = the incidence of crime 111猖獗的rampant adj.112违法violate the law113限制（自由等）restrict vt.114冲动的impulsive adj.115后果consequence n.116处境，状况circumstance n.117改造罪犯reform / rehabilitate criminals Animals11 8 保护（某种资源，比如naturalresources 或者old buildings）,如果保护某人可以用protect)preserve vt.119残酷的inhumane adj. 12生物多样性biodiversity n. 121伙伴companions n.12 2 代替物（比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验）replacements = alternatives n.123栖息地habitat n.124濒危动物endangered species 125兽皮（兽毛是fur）hide n. Environment126可持续发展sustainable development127开采自然资源exploit natural resources128生态系统the ecosystem （许多eco-开头的单词都和生态有关）129一次性的disposable adj. （比如disposable chopsticks）Environment13节约，环境类题可以代替save conserve vt.13 1 恶化vt. deteriorate/aggravate vt. 如果某种现象自身恶化，就可以说deteriorate。

1 随着经济的快速发展 with the rapid development of economy2 提高人民的生活水平improve people’s living standard3 先进的科学技术 advanced science and technology4 面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges5 人们普遍认为 it is commonly believed/ recognize d that …6 社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development7 引起了广泛的公共关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention8 不可否认it is undeniable that…/ there is no denying that9 热烈的讨论/ 争论 a heated discussion/ debate10 有争议性的问题 a controversial issue11 完全不同的观点 a totally different argument12 一些人….而另一些人… some people … while others …13 就我而言/ 就个人而言 as far as I am concerned/ personally14 就…达到绝对的一致 reach an absolute consensus on …15 有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons16 双方的论点 argument on both sides17 发挥着日益重要的作用 play an increasingly important role in18 对…必不可少 be indispensable to19 正如言语所说 as the proverb goes20 …也不例外…. be no exception21 对…产生有利/不利的影响 exert positive/ negative effects on …22 利远远大于弊 the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages23 导致，引起 lead to/ give rise to/ contribute to/ result in24 复杂的社会现象 a complicated social phenomenon25 责任感/成就感 sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement26 竞争与合作精神 sense of competition and cooperation27 开阔眼界 widen one’s horizon/ broaden one’s vision28 学习知识和技能 acquire knowledge and skills29 经济/ 心理负担 financial burden/ psychological burden30 考虑到诸多因素 take many factors into account/ consideration31 从另一个角度 from another perspective32 做出共同努力 make joint efforts33 对…有益 be beneficial/ conductive to ….34 为社会做贡献 make contributions to the society35 打下坚实的基础 lay a solid foundation for ….36 综合素质 comprehensive quality37 无可非议 blameless/ beyond reproach38 无法想象 beyond imagination/ unimaginable39 致力于/ 投身于 be committed/ devoted to ….40 应当承认 admittedly41 不可推卸的义务 unshakable duty42 满足需求 satisfy/ meet the needs of ….43 可靠的信息源 a reliable source of information44 宝贵的自然资源 valuable natural resources45 网络the I nternet46 方便快捷 convenient and efficient47 在人类生活的方面面 in all aspects of human life48 环保的 environmentally friendly49 社会进步的体现 a symbol of society progress50 科技的飞速更新 the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology51 对这一问题持有不同态度 hold different attitudes towards this issue52 支持前/ 后种观点的人 people/ those in favor of the former/ latter opinion53 有/提供如下理由/证据 have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence54 在一定程度上 to some extent/ degree/ in some way55 理论与实践相结合 integrate theory with practice56 …必然趋势 an irresistible trend of ….57 日益激烈的社会竞争 an increasingly fierce social competition58 眼前利益 immediate interest/ short-term interest59 长远利益 interest in the long run60 …有其自身的优缺点… has its merits and demerits/ advantages anddisadvantages61 扬长避短 Exploit to the full one’s favorable conditionsand avoid unfavorable ones62 取其精髓，去其糟粕 take the essence and discard the dregs63 对…有害 do harm to/ be harmful to/ be detrimental to64 交流思想/ 情感/ 信息 exchange ideas/ emotions/ information65 跟上…的最新发展 keep pace with/ catch up with/ keep abreast withthe latest development of …66 采取有效措施来…. Take effective measures to do sth67 …的健康发展 the healthy development of ….68 有利有弊 Every coin has its two sides. No garden withoutweeds.69 对…观点因人而异 Views on… vary from person to person70 重视 attach great importance to ….71 社会地位 social status72 把时间和经历放在…上 focus time and energy on …73 扩大知识面 expand one’s scope of knowledge74 身心两方面 both physically and mentally75 有直接/间接关系 be directly/ indirectly related to ….76 提出折中建议 set forth a compromise proposal77 可取代think的词 believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, holdthe opinion/ belief that78 缓解压力/ 减轻负担 relieve stress/ burden79 优先考虑/发展… give (top) priority to sth80 与…比较 compared with …/ in comparison with81 相反 in/ by contrast; on the contrary82 代替 replace/ substitute/ take the place of83 经不起推敲 cannot bear closer analysis84 提供就业机会 offer job opportunities85 社会进步的反映 mirror of social progress86 毫无疑问 undoubtedly/ there is no doubt that87 增进相互了解 enhance/ promote mutual understanding88 充分利用 make full use of/ make the most use of89 承受更大的工作压力 suffer from heavier work pressure90 保障社会的稳定和繁荣 guarantee the stability and prosperity of oursociety91 更多地强调 put more emphasis on….92 适应社会发展 adapt oneself to the development of society93 实现梦想 realize one’s dream/ make one’s dream cometrue94 主要的理由列举如下 The main reasons are listed as follows:95 首先 at first, firstly, to begin with96 其次 secondly, in the second place97 再次 besides, in addition, additionally, moreover,furthermore98 最后 finally, last but not the least, above all,lastly99 总而言之 all in all, to sum up, in summary, in a word 100 我们还有很长的路要走 we still have a long way to go。

精心整理话题排序词汇词性含义Education 1 parenting n. 家庭教育2 schooling n. 学校教育3 cultivate vt. 培养4awareness/sense/recognitionn. 意识5 creative/original adj. 有创造力的6 physical adj. 身体的7 psychological adj. 心理的8 peer n. 同龄人9 motivation n. 动力（motivated，adj有动力的）10 adaptto 适应11 discipline n. 学科、纪律12 memories n. 记忆13 acquire vt. 获得（+knowledge/skills）14 stimulating adj. 有趣的，可替代interesting）Media 15 prevalent adj. 无处不在，可替代everywhere16 objective adj. 客观的17 biased[?ba??st] adj. 不客观的18 celebrity n. 名人19 journalists n. 记者20 thepress 新闻界21 coverage n. 报道（v.cover）22 misleading adj. 有误导性的23 dependable adj. 可靠的24 up-to-the-minute adj. 非常及时的25 sway vt. 影响+object（宾语）26 informative adj. 信息量大的27 entertaining adj. 娱乐性强的Technology 28 transform vt. 改变，代替change29 breakthrough n. 突破30 advance v.&n. 发展31 astaggeringrate 惊人的速度32 informationoverload 信息爆炸33 enhance/boost vt. 提高，增强34 innovations n. 创新，发明35 telecommunications n. 远程通信36 productive adj. 高生产率的（n.productivity)Government 37 priority n. 首要任务38 stability n. 稳定39 establish vt. 建立40solve/combat/tackle/resolve/addressvt. 解决41 alleviate/ease vt. 减轻42 investin/allocatemoneyto 对……投资43 theauthorities 当局44 ban/forbid/prohibit vt. 禁止45 scrutinize/monitor vt. 监督46 administer/regulate vt. 管理47 taxrevenue 税收48 democratic adj. 民主的49 demand vt.&n. 需求50 efficient adj. 高效率的tourism 51broadenone'shorizons/expandone'soutlook开阔眼界52 conflicts n. 冲突53 explore vt. 探索54 promote vt. 促进（反义词restrict，阻碍、限制）55 touristattraction 旅游点56localresidents/localinhabitants当地居民57 mutualunderstanding 相互了解58 enrichone'sexperience 丰富人的经历languages 59 theproliferationof……的大量扩散（英语、互联网、污染等）60 playsadominantrolein…在…占统治地位61 goextinct 灭绝62 lesser-knowlanguages 小语种63 thewidespreaduseof……的广泛使用culture 64 ancestor n. 祖先65 descendants n. 后代66 culturalassimilation 文化同化67 indiscriminate adj. 盲目的68 time-honoured（英）adj. 历史悠久的69 culturalheritage 文化遗产70 culturaldiversity 文化多样性71 culturalidentity 文化特性72 ethnicminorities 少数民族Development 73thepaceoflife/thetempooflife生活节奏74thegapbetweenurbanarea andtheruralarea城乡差距75 eliminate vt. 消除76 inferior adj. 质量差的77 facilities n. 设施78 alienated adj. （人与人之间）疏远的79 materialistic adj. （人）无纸化的，现实的80thepresentsituation/thecurrentsituation/thestatusquo现状81 exterior n. （建筑的）外观82 function n. 功能Globalisation（英）83 sweepingtrends 席卷一切的潮流84synthesise（英）theAsian andthewesterncultures有机结合东西文化（culture表种类时可变复数）85 erode vt. 侵蚀（本土文化）86 universal adj. 普遍的87 isolated adj. 孤立的88 import vt.&n. 进口89 export vt.&n. 出口Women 90 domesticviolence 家庭暴力91 genderequality 性别平等92 discrimination n. 歧视（+介词跟against）93 anenlightenedsociety 一个开明的社会94 householdchores 家务事95 betieddownby 被…所拖累Family 96 offspring n. 后代97 personalityclashes 性格冲突98 household n. 家庭的另一种写法99 affluent adj. 富裕的100 impoverished adj. 贫穷的101 community n. 社区102 familyvalues 家庭观念103 generationgap 代沟104 familybonds n. 亲情105 harmony n. 和谐Crime 106 crimes/offence/criminalacts n. 犯罪107 commitacrime 犯罪（动词短语）108 stringent 严厉的109 punishment/penalty n. 惩罚110thecrimerate/theincidenceofcrime犯罪率111 rampant adj. 猖獗的112 violatethelaw 违法113 restrict vt. 限制（自由等）114 impulsive adj. 冲动的115 consequence n. 后果116 circumstance n. 处境，状况117 reform/rehabilitatecriminals改造罪犯Animals 118 preserve vt.保护（naturalresources/oldbuilding，保护人可用protect）119 inhumane adj. 残酷的120 biodiversity n. 生物多样性121 companions n. 伙伴122 replacements/alternatives n. 替代物123 habitat n. 栖息地124 endangeredspecies 濒危动物125 hide n. 兽皮（兽毛是fur）Environment 126 sustainabledevelopment 可持续发展127 exploitnaturalresources 开采自然资源128theecosystem（eco-与生物有关）生态系统129 disposable adj. 一次性的（如disposablechopsticks）130 conserve vt. 节约，可替代save131deterioratevt.自身恶化aggravatesth. 某事物导致别的恶化，或改被动132 discharge vt. 排放（污染物）133 contamination n. 污染（次数不宜多）134 consume/deplete vt. 消耗（资源）135 eco-friendly adj. 有益于环保的136 scarcity n. 短缺。

IELTS 6分必备120个词汇Education1.parenting n. 家长给小孩的教育e.g. For this reason, unskilled parenting often continues into the next generation.2.schooling n. 学校对学生的教育e.g. compulsory schooling 义务教育formal schooling 正规教育full-time schooling 全日制教育universal schooling 普及教育Study at a coed school helps student acquire socialization skills that will help in further schooling and an eventual job in the work force.3.awareness n. 意识e.g. A growing awareness of healthy living. Fully aware of the importance of healthysense n. 感觉e.g. A sense of achievement; A sense of belonging; A sense of satisfaction; A sense of crisis Military life cultivates the strong sense of responsibilities in young peoplerecognition n. 认可e.g. Their recognition of the new law is unlikely.4.cultivate v. 培养e.g. Overseas study broadens one’s vision, enriches one’s mind and cultivates independence.5.creative adj. 有创造力的e.g. This job is useful and creative6.physical adj. 身体的，物理学的e.g. Her spiritual beauty outshone her physical beauty.7.psychological adj. 心理的e.g. Only a relaxed family atmosphere can help the physical and psychological growth of children.8.contribute to 推动e.g. Smoking is a major factor contribute to cancer.9.motivation n. 动力e.g. The motivation for the decision is the desire to improve our service to our customer.10.adapt to 适应e.g. I adapted quickly to the new climate.11.afford sth 提供e.g. Many children in rural areas can’t afford to go to school and become illiterates.Media12.prevalent adj. 流行的可替everywheree.g. The habit of travelling by aircraft is becoming more prevalent each year.13.objective adj. 客观的e.g. He tried to take an objective view of the situation.14.biased adj. 不客观的偏见的e.g. I admit I’m biased, but I think our performance was brilliant.15.celebrity n. 名人e.g. Paparazzi pursue celebrities because the public have strong interests in the famous people’s private life.16.journalists n. 记者e.g. The ambassador refused to give any interview to journalists.17.the press 新闻界e.g. policies of the press18.coverage n. 报道e.g. TV coverage; camera coverage19.misleading adj. 有误导性的e.g. The article was misleading, and the newspaper has apologized.20.dependable adj. 可靠的e.g. He is dependent upon the earnings of his children.21.up-to-the-minute adj. 非常及时的最新式的e.g. Her clothes are always right up to the minute.Technology22.transform v. 改变，代替changee.g. We must transform passivity into initiative.23.breakthrough n. 突破e.g. a scientific breakthrough; make a great breakthrough in24. advance v.& n. 发展，提升further advance 推进in advance (adj.) 预先的e.g. She advanced greatly in her knowledge.25. a staggering rate 惊人的速度e.g. Job applications from disable workers poured in at a staggering rate.26. information overload 信息爆炸e.g. New service to tackle information overload.27. enhance v. 提高，增强e.g. enhance one’s social awareness; enhance the quality of life; enhance mutual understanding28. innovations n. 创新，发明e.g. education innovation; technological innovationGovernment29. telecommunications n. 远程通讯e.g. The telecommunications industry is responsible for radio, television, voice communications, and broadband services.30. priority n. 首要任务，优先e.g. The government and the public have given increasingly high priority to the problem of children’s education.31. stability n. 稳定e.g. By serving in the army, a citizen fulfils his duty and obligations to maintain the stability and unity of the country.32. establish v. 制定，确立，设立e.g. establish a company; establish a new rule; establish one’s reputation33. solve = combat = tackle = resolve = address v. 解决e.g. When will the police solve the crime?The police are now using computers to help combat crime.I don't know how to tackle this problem.Resolve technique problem creatively.We must address ourselves to the problem of traffic pollution.34. alleviate = ease v. 减轻，缓解e.g. We want to help alleviate the national food shortage.ease one’s suffering; ease stress; ease the financial strain35. invest in = allocate money to 对…投资e.g. The company lacks sufficient money to invest in new products.Our province plans to allocate money to build a hydroelectric power plant.36. authorities n. 当局e.g. Health authorities should take proper measures to deal with the increasingly serious rubbish problem in urban areas.37. ban = forbid = prohibit v. 禁止e.g. It is undeniable that smoking should be banned in school.The law strictly forbids racial and sexual discrimination.38. scrutinize v. 监督，审议e.g. Top athletes scrutinize both success and failure with their coach to extract lessons from them, but they are never distracted from longer-term goals.39. administer = regulate v. 管理e.g. They had the right to administer their own internal affairs.Regulate operation of the macroeconomy40. tax revenue n. 税收e.g. National tax revenue grew by a large margin every year.41. obligation n. 责任e.g. under an obligation (to do); repay an obligation 报恩Tourism42. broaden one’s horizons 开阔人的眼界43. enrich one’s experience 丰富人的经历e.g. widen one’s horizon/vision/outlook widen one’s knowledge （deepen）Overseas study broadens one’s horizons, enriches one’s experience and cultivates independence.44. conflicts n. 冲突e.g. Carried out in the right way, tourism may not conflict with the conservation of historic buildings.45. promote v. 促进e.g. National service helps to promote patriotism and foster a sense of nationhood.46. explore v. 探索e.g. In the essay, I intend to explore why teenagers take drugs.47. tourist attraction 旅游点e.g. The Temple of Heaven is a tourist attraction in Beijing.48. local residents = local inhabitants 当地居民e.g. What await the politician is suspicion and unfriendliness from the local resident.The local inhabitant do not like noisy tourist in summer.49. mutual understanding 相互了解e.g. relation of mutual understanding or trust between people.Languages50. the proliferation of …的大量扩散（比如英语，互连网，环境污染等）e.g. Preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction.51. plays a dominant role in 在…占统治地位e.g. television plays a dominant role in molding public opinion52. go extinct 灭绝e.g. it will be the first feral cat species to go extinct in some 2,000 years.53. lesser-known languages 小语种e.g. Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them.54. the widespread use of …的广泛使用e.g. The high cost prohibits the widespread use of the drug.Culture55. ancestors n. 祖先e.g. We have inherited the language from our ancestors. It would not be a good thing for the language to disappear because it represents our culture.56. descendants n. 后代e.g. The descendants of Jacob.57. cultural assimilation n. 文化同化e.g. The effect of cultural assimilation on the importance of family-related and nature-related recreation among Hispanic Americans58. indiscriminate adj. 盲目的e.g. indiscriminate praise59. time-honored n. 历史悠久的e.g. This is a time-honored custom.60. cultural heritage 文化遗产e.g. Preservation of the Cultural Heritage of Ethnic Minorities61. cultural diversity 文化多样性e.g. maintain our cultural diversity62. cultural identity 文化特性e.g. Their social and cultural identity washed away after some centuries.63. ethnic minorities 少数民族e.g. Ethnic minorities’ educational level is continuously rising.Development64. the pace of life = the tempo of life 生活节奏e.g. There's yet an element of doubt(that) the pace of life can lead to stress.65. the gap between the urban area and the rural area 城乡差距e.g. This shows that the gap between China's urban and rural areas is still great.66. eliminate v. 消除e.g. You must eliminate an unknown quantity.67. inferior adj. 质量差的e.g. The house is inferior to what I expected.68. facilities n. 设施e.g. The hotel has its own pool and leisure facilities.69. alienated adj. （人与人之间）疏远的e.g. Gina had become alienated from her family. Alienated from the society70. materialistic adj. （人）物质化的，现实的e.g. He's so materialistic.71. the present situation = the current situation = the status quo 现状e.g.72. affluent adj. 富裕的，有钱的e.g. People are becoming increasingly affluent.73. impoverished adj. 贫穷的e.g. an impoverished family74. sweeping trends 席卷一切的潮流e.g. Five Sweeping Trends That Will Shape Your Company's FutureGlobalisation75. synthesize the Asian and Western cultures 有机结合东西方文化e.g. combine the Asian and Western cultures, integrate the Asian and Western culturesThis interpretation has caused difficulties to successfully synthesize the Asian and Western cultures76. erode v. 侵蚀（本土文化）e.g. Our personal freedom is being gradually eroded away.77. universal adj. 普遍的e.g. These stories have universal appeal.78. a double-edged sword 双刃剑（既有好处也有坏处）e.g. Competition Is a Double-Edged Sword for Teenage GirlsWomen79. domestic violence 家庭暴力e.g. Without denying the fact that men can also be victims of domestic violence80. gender equality 性别平等e.g. Promotes gender equality and the advancement of women by evaluating gender issues in UNDP programs.81. discrimination n. 歧视e.g. widespread discrimination against older people in the job market82. an enlightened society 一个开明的社会e.g. Building an Enlightened Society.83. household chores 做家务e.g. With all the demands of single parenting there is often less time to devote to household chores.84. be tied down by 被…所拖累e.g. be tied down by household choresFamily85. offspring n. 后代e.g. a young mother trying to control her offspring86. personality clashes 性格冲突e.g. Many people have experienced a personality clash in their lifetime that has caused internal stress.87. household n. 家庭的另一种写法e.g. A growing number of households have at least one computer.88. affluent adj. 富裕的e.g. People are becoming increasingly affluent.89. impoverished adj. 贫穷的e.g. an impoverished family90. community n. 社区e.g. The new arts centre will serve the whole community.91. family values 家庭观念e.g. The party places great emphasis on family values.92. generation gap 代沟e.g. The 'generation gap' has existed for all of our lifetimes, but it is not an inescapable fact of human life.93. family bonds 亲情e.g. Regular family time is key to building and maintaining family bonds.94. harmony n. 和谐e.g. There was perfect harmony between the two brothers.Crime95. crimes = offense = criminal acts n. 犯罪e.g. We need to focus more on crime prevention.96. commit a crime 犯罪（动词短语）e.g. someone who helps another person commit a crime.97. stringent adj. 严厉的e.g. Already low living standards have been worsened by stringent economic reforms.98. punishment n. 惩罚e.g. The Court decides what punishment to impose.99. the crime rate = the incidence of crime 犯罪率e.g. the crime rate is revving up in most big cities100. rampant adj. 猖獗的e.g. Pick pocketing is rampant in the downtown area.101. violate the law 违法e.g. They violate the law repeatedly.102. curb v. 遏止（犯罪、污染等）e.g. measures to curb the spread of the virus103. preserve v. 保护（某种资源，比如natural resources 或者old buildings）,如果保护某人可以用protecte.g. We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands.Animals104. inhumane adj. 残酷的e.g. I was shocked by the inhumane conditions.105. biodiversity n. 生活多样性e.g. the biodiversity of the rainforest106. companions n. 伙伴e.g. For ten years he had been her constant companion.107. replacements = alternatives n. 替代物（比如化妆品实验用动物作替代物而不用人做实验）e.g. It was difficult to find a replacement for Ted.There is a viable alternative to the present system.108. habitat n. 栖息地e.g. The grassland is an important habitat for many wild flowers.109. endangered species 濒危动物e.g. The giant panda has become an endangered species.110. sustainable development 可持续发展e.g. This increasing trend indicates an adequately strong ability for sustainable development.Environment111. exploit natural resources 开采自然资源e.g. People should read the related regulations before they exploit natural resources.112. the ecosystem 生态系统e.g. We all have an interest in maintaining the integrity of the ecosystem.113. profound impact 深远的影响e.g. These traditions have exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China’s roa d of development today.114. conserve v. 节约，代替savee.g. We must conserve our woodlands for future generations.115. deteriorate; aggravate v. 如果某种现象自身恶化，用deteriorate. 如果某种事物导致别的现象恶化，用aggravate sth，或用被动形式e.g. America's deteriorating economyBuilding the new road will only aggravate the situation.116. discharge v. 排放（污染物）e.g. Sewage is discharged directly into the sea.117. contamination n. 污染e.g. Drinking water supplies are believed to have been contaminated.118. consume = deplete v. 消耗（资源）e.g. Salmon populations have been severely depleted.119. eco-friendly adj. 有益于环保的e.g. eco-friendly products120. scarcity n. 短缺e.g. the scarcity of employment opportunities。

IELTS 写作高频宝典absurd荒诞的addictive上瘾的affectionate有感情的aggressive有长进心的alert敏锐的；警惕的arduous费力的artistic艺术的authoritative威望性的awkward难堪的balanced均衡的cogent令人服气的cold-blooded冷血的cold-hearted无情的compassionate富裕怜悯心的compatible兼容的complicated复杂的confident自信的contemptible可鄙的contributive有贡献的corrupt腐败的delicious美味爽口的demanding要求高的describle值得要的detrimental有害的devious偏离正道的dishonorable不但彩的disturbed遇到扰乱的eccentric怪异的economical经济的enlightened开通的；文明的evil险恶的exotic异国的fallacious荒诞的fashionable时兴的feaible可行的fictitious虚假的flexile灵巧多样的fruitful有收效的glamorous富裕魅力的gorgeous绚烂的humane人道的ignorant(of)忽视的；无知的impressive令人印象深刻的inborn天生的incompatible不调解的incompatible不睦适合的inconceivable不行思议的indecent不当的；不检点的indifferent冷淡的indispensable不行或缺的inexhaustible取之不尽的infectious传染性的inferior低人一等的infirm（身体）弱的influential有影响力的ingrain根深蒂固的inhumane不人道的initially第一innocent多管闲事的inquistitive有害无益insalubrious有教育意义的instructive智力的intellectual中间的；过渡的interim人际关系的interpersonal亲密的intimate不行入侵的inviolable内在的inward不行挽回的irreparable不行抵挡的irresistible不行挽回的irritating烦人的isolated(from)隔断的laudable可赞美的lavishly大方的legitimate合法的loyal忠诚的luxurious豪侈的magnanimous宽弘大批的mature成熟的misleading误导的misrepresented不照实表达的money-oriented向钱看的multilateral对方面的nourishih有营养的obscure艰涩的old-fashioned/out of date过时的palatable美味的perilous危险的permissive宽容的；允许的pernicious有害无益的pornographic色情的potential潜伏的practial实质的；求实的preferential优惠的pressing紧急的prevailing占主导地位的；流行的professional专业的prosperous繁华富强的prudent理智的psychological心理上rational理性的resentful愤慨的reverse相反的rewarding值得的ridiculous荒诞的rigid严格的r ough大略的self-contemptuous自卑的shabby破旧不堪的shelrered受保护的sociable好交际的sole独一的stern/strict严格的stressful有压力的stringent严苛的stylish时兴的superficial表面现象的tempting吸引人的time-honored久享盛名的traditional传统的typical典型的unadvised草率的uncompromising不当协的unconcerned冷淡的uneasy不自在的unethical不道德的unfeeling冷淡的unhealthy不健康的unified同一标准的unique独到的unjust不公正的unsrupulous明目张胆的unsociable不擅长交际的untimely不睦适合的unwholesome不健康的utterly完整；绝对地vexing令人烦忧的vivid形象的voluntary自发的vulnerable易受损害的well-grounded有充分原因的wholesome健康的abide by/obey/observe恪守abolish取销abuse凌虐；滥用accommodate供应；调理acquire获得adore崇敬；倾慕allocate分派alter改变appral to/attract吸引approach对待；办理approve of同意arise出现arouse激发assume肩负（责任）attach给予；粘上attain/obtain/acquire获得；获得attend参加；就读ban严禁blossom旺达boom 繁华bring sb./sth.sintosfull play充分⋯⋯ 的极性censorcharacterize以⋯⋯ 特点charge收cherish珍claim 声称coexist共存coincide with与⋯⋯ 符合collect采集commute来回来回于condemnconsult咨contaminate染contribute to献crack down on打cultivate培育defy 不听从；藐degenerate退化degrade使降depreciatedeprive(of)剥desert扔掉detect侦察deter阻挡deteriorate恶化determine决定disclose揭穿discourage负灰心diversify使多样化divbert使分心dominate占优势drop out休学；放弃eliminate除去endanger危害enlighten启迪enrich丰富entertain款待；娱乐evaluate评论evolve演变exaggerate夸张exert施加（压力）expel清除；开除explore研究expose揭穿give full play to充分guarantee保；担保hamper阻碍；制hinder/impede/block/hamper阻挡idealize理想化identify辨ignore无；不搭理imitate模拟impair危害；害impose/confine/place restrictions on/restrict/limit限制incur导致；引inflict使⋯⋯ 蒙受inherit承innovate改革新invent money in投install/set up/erect/fix/mount安装lavish浪maltreat凌虐maximize最大化minimize使最小化mould/build塑造neglect忽oblige迫observe/follow遵照overcome战胜（困难）participate参加perform执行；表演please取悦preserve保存；保护prohibit严禁publicize宣传pursue追求quit放弃quote引用refine精华reflect反应reform改革refresh使恢复regulate管束；调控rehabilitate改造reject剔除relax涵养release开释render赐予represent代表resort to速诸于；采纳restore重修；恢复restrain拘束retain保存roam闲逛sacrifice牺牲shirk回避shun回避signify表示；意味spoil/ indulge宠坏；宠爱spread流传steer驶向；掌舵stick to坚持stimulate刺激stipulate/set规定subsitute取代supervise 监察control控制surpass超出survive生计threaten威迫tolerate忍耐treasure珍爱trigger引起underestimate低估undermine危害unload挣脱负担vanish消逝wither退化；萎缩wreck摧毁abolishment取销absurdity荒诞；谬论abuse 滥用achievement 成绩acqaintance熟人adaptation改写；适应admiration崇敬adventurer/explorer探险者adversee impact负面影响adversity窘境affection友谊 /感情alienation疏远ambition理想amusement娱乐anecdote逸闻apathy 冷淡无情approach鼓掌architecture建筑art艺术assault攻击assessment评估association联想；联系athlete运动员availability可获得的东西barrier阻碍behavior行为beneficiacry得益人budget估算burden负担campaign运动candidate候选人capacity能力celebrity名人character性格charecteristic特点charm魅力clerk职员cohesion凝集力colleague同事collectivism集体主义comfort舒坦commercial商业广告commercialization商业化commodity商品companion/partner伙伴conformity一致conssensus赞同consultation咨询consumption花费content内容contentment满意；知足contribution贡献correlation有关性costume服饰creativity创建性criteria条件cruelty残忍customer顾客cybercrime网络犯法depression丧气；低落deprivation剥夺descendant后辈deterioration恶化detour绕道developed countries发达国家developing countries发展中国家digestion消化汲取dignity尊严discipline纪律discomfort不舒畅discontent不知足discrimination鄙视；差别disgust 讨厌disorder无序状态disorientation迷失方向感disposition性格distraction扰乱diversity多样化；多样性domain 领域duplication重复（建设）durationeconomy耐用employee雇员employer雇主endeavor努力做enjoyment享受enthusiasm热忱；狂热equality同等evaluation评论expection例外exhibition展览exploration探险export出口favor爱好feature特点fidelity忠实flexibility灵巧性forefather/ancestors先人freedom自由frustration挫折gallery美术馆garment服饰goodwill好心grace精致graduate毕业生guardian监护人halt停止；停止hardship困难险阻heritage遗产horizon地平线hostility敌对humanity人性idol偶像immunity免疫力import入口indication迹象indictment指控indifference不关怀individuality个性化industry工业；行业inequality不同等infrastructure基础设备ingenuity独创性initiative主动性instruction教育instructor教师integrity诚实intellectual知识分子intelligence智能interaction交际interference干预interpretation解说intolerance不宽容intrusiveness干预involvement参加jealousy忌妒jogging慢跑joint effort共同努力journalist/correspondent记者joy/delight欢喜lack缺少landmark标记性建筑；里程碑license执照life expectancy/life span寿命literacy读写能力manufacturer制造商match般配measure丈量；评估millennium千年minority少量人miscondust行为不端morality道德motion《恶性字符本帖子与本站没关请各位用户实时提示管理员删除》muscle肌肉myoplia近视nationality民族；国籍norm准则notoin看法；想法obligation义务obsacle阻碍物occupation职业opponent敌手originality独创性outcome产物outlook看法；风景participation参加pastime消遣peer同龄人penalty刑罚；处分perseverance坚韧不拔personality性格perspective见解popularity普及；流行popularization普及practice做法precaution防备prerogative特权principle原则profession/occupation职业proficiency精晓promotion提高prospect远景prosperity繁华protocol协议prudence谨慎public opinion舆论punishment处罚purity贞洁性rebellion反叛recovery恢复regression衰败regulator监控者reliability可心度remedy/therapy疗法remote education远程教育revelation揭露 /表现revenue总收入reward奖励；酬劳rumor/gossip谣言；听说satisfaction知足self-discipline自律self-respect/self-esteem自尊心shortcoming弊端side-effect副作用signal信号skyscraper摩天大楼sociologist社会学家soul灵魂specialty专业spelling拼写status地位stereotype偏见straightforwardness坦直strain压力；过分劳苦strategy策略strength实力stress压力substance物质supplement增补sympathy怜悯symptom症状talent人材teenager青少年temper性情；浮躁tempatation迷惑threshold初步tip提示；技巧tolerance宽容tragedy惨剧trait特点trap圈套triviality杂事troblemaker捣蛋者tutor导师uniformity一致vanity虚荣心varety多样性；种类verdict裁决vexation烦忧victim受害者vitality/vigor/energy/vim活力；精力void空虚warmth暖和weakness弊端withdrawal退出；撤离zeal热忱。

提⽰：[]中为⾳标，在此显⽰为乱码。

可将信息内容复制到word⾥，然后字体选择Ksphonet字体就可以显⽰了。

（注：很多计算机没有安装这种字体，上下载⼀个⾦⼭公司的Ksphonet.ttf，然后安装到windows\fonts⽂件夹中，就可以在word中输⼊⾳标了。

） A abandon [E5bAndEn] v.放弃, 遗弃n.放任, 狂热 abnormal [Ab5nC:mEl] adj.反常的, 变态的 abolish [E5bCliF] v.废⽌, 废除(法律、制度、习俗等) abrupt [E5brQpt] adj.突然的, 陡峭的, ⽣硬的 absent [5AbsEnt] v.缺席；adj.不在的, 缺席的, 缺少的 absolutely [5AbsElu:tli] adv.完全地, 绝对地 absurd [Eb5sE:d] adj.荒谬的, 可笑的 abundance [E5bQndEns] n.丰富, 充裕, 丰富充裕 abundant [E5bQndEnt] adj.丰富的, 充裕的 abuse [E5bju:z] n.& v.滥⽤, 虐待, 辱骂 acceptable [Ek5septEbl] adj.可接受的, 合意的 access [5Akses] n.通路, 访问, ⼊门；v.存取, 接近 accessory [Ak5sesEri]n.附件, 附加物, 从犯, 同谋者；adj.附属的, 同谋的, 副的 accommodate [E5kCmEdeit] v.供应, 适应,向...提供, 容纳 accomplish [E5kCmpliF] v.完成, 达到, 实现 accord [E5kC:d] n.⼀致, 符合, 协定；v.⼀致, 符合 account [E5kaunt] n.计算, 帐⽬, 说明 accumulate [E5kju:mjuleit] v.积聚, 堆积 accurate [5Akjurit] adj.正确的, 精确的 accuse [E5kju:z] v.控告, 谴责, ⾮难 acknowledge [Ek5nClidV] v.承认, 答谢, 报偿 acquaint [E5kweint] v.使熟知, 通知 acquire [E5kwaiE] v.获得, 学到 activate [5Aktiveit] v.刺激, 使活动，有活⼒ actually [5AktFuElI] adv.实际上, 事实上 acute [E5kju:t] adj.敏锐的, 急性的, 剧烈的 adapt [E5dApt] v.使适应, 改编 adaptable [E5dAptEbl] adj.能适应的, 可修改的 add [Ad] v.增加, 添加 adequate [5Adikwit] adj.适当的, ⾜够的 adhere [Ed5hiE] v.粘附, 胶着, 坚持 adjoin [E5dVCin] v.邻接, 毗连 adjust [E5dVQst] v.调整, 调节, 使适合 administer [Ed5ministE] v.管理, 给予, 执⾏ adolescent [7AdEu5lesnt] n.青少年；adj.青春期的, 青春的 adopt [E5dCpt] v.采⽤，收养 adverse [5AdvE:s] adj.不利的, 敌对的, 相反的 advertise [5AdvEtaIz] v.做⼴告, 登⼴告 advisable [Ed5vaizEbl] adj.可取的, 明智的 advocate [5AdvEkit] v.提倡, ⿎吹 aesthetic [i:s5Wetik] adj.美学的, 审美的 affair [E5fZE] n.事务, 事件 affect [E5fekt] v.影响, 感动 affiliate [E5filieit] v.(使...)加⼊, 接受为会员 affirm [E5fE:m] v.断⾔, 确认, 肯定 afflict [E5flikt] v.使痛苦, 折磨 affluent [5AfluEnt] n.富裕的 agenda [E5dVendE] n.议程，⾏动计划 aggravate [5A^rEveit v.使恶化, 加重 aggressive [E5^resiv] adj.好⽃的, 侵略性的 agitation [AdVi5teiFEn] n.激动, 兴奋, 煽动 agony [5A^Eni] n.苦恼, 极⼤的痛苦 alert [E5lE:t] adj.提防的, 警惕的 alien [5eiljEn] n.外侨；adj.外国的, 相异的 alike [E5laik]adj.相同的, 相似的；adv.以同样的⽅式, 类似于 alive [E5laiv] adj.活着的, 活泼的 allege [E5ledV] v.宣称, 断⾔ alleviate [E5li:vieit] v. 减轻，缓和 allowance [E5lauEns] n.津贴, 补助 alter [5C:ltE] v.改变，变更 alternate [C:l5tE:nit] v.交替, 改变；adj.交替的, 轮流的 amateur [5AmEtE(:)] n.业余爱好者, amaze [E5meiz] v.使吃惊 ambiguous [7Am5bi^juEs] adj.暧昧的, 不明确的 ambitious [Am5biFEs] adj.有雄⼼的, 野⼼勃勃的 amend [E5mend] v.修正, 改进, 改正 amount [E5maunt] n.数量；v.(to) 总计, 等于 ample [5Ampl] adj.充⾜的, 丰富的 amplify [5Amplifai] v.放⼤, 扩⼤ amuse [E5mju:z] v.使发笑, 使愉快 analogy [E5nAlEdVi] n.类似, 类推 anniversary [7Ani5vE:sEri] n.周年纪念 annually [5AnjJElI] adv.⼀年⼀次, 每年 anonymous [E5nCnimEs] adj.匿名的 antique [An5ti:k] n.古物, 古董；adj.古时的, 过时的 anxiety [AN^5zaiEti] n.忧虑, 焦急, 渴望 anxious [5ANkFEs] adj. 担忧的, 渴望的 appeal [E5pi:l] n.& v.请求, 呼吁,控诉 appearance [E5piErEns] n.出现, 露⾯, 外貌 appendix [E5pendiks] n.附录, 附属品, 阑尾 applaud [E5plC:d] v.拍⼿喝彩, 称赞 applicable [5AplikEbl] adj.可适⽤的, 可应⽤的 apply [E5plai] v.申请, 应⽤ appointment [E5pCintmEnt] n.约会, 指定 appraisal [E5preizEl] n.评价, 鉴定 appreciable [E5pri:FiEbl] adj.可感知的, 可评估的 appreciate [E5pri:Fieit] v.赏识, 感激 apprehension [7Apri5henFEn] n.理解, 忧惧 approach [E5prEutF] n.& v. 接近, 通路,靠近 appropriate [E5prEupriit] adj.适当的；v.拨款 approve [E5pru:v] v.赞成, 批准, 通过 apt [Apt] adj.有...倾向的, 灵敏的, 灵巧的 arbitrary [5B:bitrEri] adj. 武断的, 专断的 arise [E5raiz] vi.出现, 发⽣, 起床 arouse [E5rauz] v.唤醒, 唤起 arrange [E5reindV] v.安排, 排列, 协商 array [E5rei] n.排列, 编队 articulate [B:5tikjulit] adj.发⾳清晰的，听得懂的 artificial [7B:ti5fiFEl] adj.⼈造的, 假的 ascend [E5send] v.攀登, 上升 ascertain [7AsE5tein] v.确定, 探知 ascribe [Es5kraib] v.归因于, 归咎于 assault [E5sC:lt] n.& v.攻击, 袭击 assemble [E5sembl] v.集合, 聚集 assert [E5sE:t] v.断⾔, 声称 assessment [E5sesmEnt] n.估价 asset [5Aset] n.资产, 有⽤的东西 assignment [E5sainmEnt] n.分配, 委派, 任务 assimilate [E5simileit] v.吸收 associate [E5sEuFieit] v.联系, 交往, 结交 assume [E5sju:m] v.假定, 设想 assumption [E5sQmpFEn] n.假定, 设想 assurance [E5FuErEns] n.确信, 断⾔, 保证 attack [E5tAk] n.& v.进攻, 攻击 attainable [E5teinEbl] adj.可到达的, 可得到的 attempt [E5tempt] n.企图；v.尝试, 企图 attend [E5tend] v.出席, 照顾, 护理 attendance [E5tendEns] n.出席, 出席的⼈数 attention [E5tenFEn] n.注意, 关⼼, 注意⼒ attitude [5Atitju:d] n.姿势, 态度, 看法 attraction [E5trAkFEn] n.吸引, 吸引⼒ attribute [E5tribju(:)t] n.属性；v. 归结于 authentic [C:5Wentik] adj.可信的，真实的 authorize [5C:WEraIz] v.批准 automatically [C:tE5mAtIklI] adv.⾃动地, 机械地 automation [C:tE5meiFEn] n.⾃动，⾃动化 autonomy [C:5tCnEmi] n.⾃治 avail [E5veil] vi.有益于；n.效⽤ available [E5veilEbl] adj.可⽤到的, 可利⽤的, 通⽤的 avenue [5Avinju:] n.林荫道, ⼤街, 路 average [5AvEridV] n.平均数；adj. 平均的 avert [E5vE:t] v.转移，避免 avoid [E5vCid] vt.避免, 消除 awkward [5C:kwEd] adj.难使⽤的, 笨拙的 B badly [5bAdli] adv.严重地, 恶劣地 baffle [5bAfl] v.困惑, 阻碍, 为难 bald [bC:ld] adj.光秃的, 单调的, 枯燥的 ban [bB:n] v & n.禁⽌ bandage [5bAndidV] n.绷带 bankrupt [5bANkrQpt] v.破产 bare [bZE] adj.⾚*的, ⽆遮蔽的 barely [5bZEli] adv.仅仅, 刚刚, ⼏乎不能 bargain [5bB:^in] n.契约, 合同；v.议价 barrel [5bArEl] n.桶，圆筒 barren [5bArEn] adj.不⽣育的, 不孕的, 贫瘠的 barrier [5bAriE] n.障碍物, 栅栏, 屏障 battery [5bAtEri] n.电池 beam [ bi:m ] n.梁, 横梁, (光线的)束, 柱, 电波 beneficial [beni5fiFEl] adj.有益的,有利的 benefit [5benifit] n.利益, 好处；v.有益于, 有助于 betray [bi5trei] vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露 bewilder [bi5wildE] v.迷惑, 不知所措 bias [5baiEs] n.偏见, 偏爱 bibliography [bibli5C^rEfi] n.书⽬, 参考书⽬ bite [bait] n.& v.咬, 刺痛 bitter [5bitE] adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的 blame [bleim] n.过失, 责备；vt.责备, 谴责 blank [blANk] n.空⽩；adj.空⽩的, 空着的 blast [blB:st] n.⼀阵(风), ⼀股(⽓流), 爆炸, 冲击波 blaze [bleiz] n.⽕焰, 光辉；v.燃烧, 照耀 bleak [bli:k] adj.寒冷的, 荒凉的, 凄凉的 bloom [blu:m] n.花；v.开花, 繁盛 blossom [5blCsCm] n.花, 花开的状态；v.开花, 兴旺, 发展 blunder [5blQndE] n.⼤错, 失误；v. 犯⼤错, 做错 blunt [blQnt] adj.钝的, ⽣硬的 blush [blQF] v.脸红, 羞愧 bold [bEuld] adj.⼤胆的 boom [bu:m] n.繁荣, 隆隆声；v.暴涨，繁荣 boost [bu:st] v.推进 bother [5bCTE] v.烦扰, 打扰 bound [baund] n.& v.跃进, 跳；adj.被束缚的 breakdown [5breikdaun] n.崩溃, 衰弱 breed [bri:d] v.繁殖, 教养, 抚养 bribe [braib] n.& v.贿赂 brisk [brisk] adj.轻快的, 活泼的 bruise [bru:z] n.瘀伤, 擦伤 brutal [5bru:tl] adj.残忍的, 兽性的 budget [5bQdVit] n.预算；v.做预算, 编⼊预算 bump [bQmp] n.撞击, 肿块；v.碰(伤), 撞(破) burial [5beriEl] n.埋葬 burst [bE:st] n.& v.爆裂, 炸破, 爆发 C campaign [kAm5pein] n.运动，竞选活动 capacity [kE5pAsiti] n.容量,才能, 能⼒ captive [5kAptiv] n.俘虏；adj.被俘的, 被迷住的 car-pooln.多⼈（同⼀⽬的地）乘坐同⼀辆汽车并分担费⽤ carve [kB:v] v.雕刻, 切开 case [keis] n.事, 案例, 情形, 场合 casualty [5kAVjuElti] n.伤亡 category [5kAti^Eri] n.种类 cater [5keitE] v. 投合，满⾜(需要) caution [5kC:FEn] n.⼩⼼, 谨慎, 警告 cautious [5kC:FEs] adj.谨慎的, ⼩⼼的 cement [ si5ment ] n.⽔泥, 接合剂 ceremony [ 5serimEni ] n.典礼, 仪式 certain [5sE:tEn]adj.确定的, 某⼀个, ⽆疑的；pron.某⼏个, 某些 certainty [5sE:tEnti] n.确定, 确实的事情 certify [5sE:tifai] v.证明, 保证 challenge [5tFAlindV] n.& v.挑战 change [tFeindV] n.改变, 变化, 找回的零钱；v.改变,变化 chaos [5 keiCs] n.混乱, 混沌 characteristic [7kAriktE5ristik] n.特性, 特征；adj.特有的, 表⽰特性的 characterize [5kArIktEraIz] vt.表现...的特⾊, 刻画的...性格 charge [tFB:dV] n.费⽤；v.索价，控告 charity [5tFAriti] n.慈善, 施舍, 慈善团体 charm [tFB:m] n.吸引⼒, 魔⼒, 魅⼒ charter [5tFB:tE] n.宪章 chat [tFAt] n.& v.聊天 cheat [tFi:t] n.& v.欺骗, 骗取，作弊 cherish [5tFeriF] v.珍爱, 怀抱 chronic [5krCnik] adj.慢性的, 延续很长的 circulation [7sE:kju5leiFEn] n.循环, 流通 circus [5sE:kEs] n.马戏团, 杂技团 cite [sait] v.引⽤, 引证 claim [kleim]n.要求, 主张；v.(根据权利)要求, 认领, 声称，主张 clarity [5klAriti] n.清楚, 透明 clash [klAF]n.冲突, 撞击声, 抵触；v.(使)发出撞击声, 猛撞, 冲突 classic [5klAsik] n.杰作, 名著；adj.第⼀流的，经典的 classify [5klAsifai] v.分类, 分等 clearance [5kliErEns] n.清除 climax [5klaimAks] n.⾼潮, 顶点 cling [kliN] vi.粘紧, 附着, 坚持 clutch [klQtF] v.抓住, 攫住 coherent [kEu5hiErEnt] adj.粘在⼀起的, ⼀致的, 连贯的 coincide [7kEuin5said] v.⼀致, 符合 coincidence [kEu5insidEns] n.⼀致, 相合, 同时发⽣或同时存在的事 collaboration [kE7lAbE5reiFEn] n.协作, 通敌 collected [kE5lektid] adj.收集成的, 冷静的, 镇定的 collide [kE5laid] vi.碰撞, 抵触 combat [5kCmbEt] n.& v.战⽃, 格⽃ comedy [5kCmidi] n.喜剧 comfortable [5kQmfEtEbl] adj.舒适的 commemorate [kE5memEreit] v.纪念 commence [kE5mens] v.开始, 着⼿ commend [kE5mend] v.称赞, 表扬, 推荐 comment [5kCment] n.& v.注释, 评论 commentary [5kCmEntEri] n.注释, 解说词 commodity [kE5mCditi] n.⽇⽤品 commonplace [5kCmEnpleis] n.平凡的事 compact [5kRmpAkt] n.契约, 合同；adj.紧凑的, 紧密的 comparable [5kCmpErEbl] adj.可⽐较的, ⽐得上的 comparative [kEm5pArEtiv] adj.⽐较的, 相当的 compare [kEm5pZE] v.⽐较, 相⽐, ⽐喻 compass [5kQmpEs] n.指南针 compatible [kEm5pAtEbl] adj.谐调的, ⼀致的, 兼容的 compensate [5kCmpEnseit] v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬 compete [kEm5pi:t] v.⽐赛, 竞争 competence [5kRmpEtEns] n.能⼒ competitive [kEm5petitiv] adj.竞争的 compile [kEm5pail] v.编译, 编辑, 汇编 complement [5kCmplimEnt] n.补⾜物；v.补⾜ complete [kEm5pli:t] v.完成；adj.全部的, 完全的, 完成的 completely [kEm5pli:tlI] adv.⼗分, 完全地 complication [7kCmpli5keiF(E)n] n.复杂，并发症 compliment [5kCmplimEnt] n.& v. 称赞, 恭维 comply [kEm5plai] v.顺从, 答应, 遵守 composite [5kCmpEzit, -zait] n.合成物；adj.合成的, 复合的 comprehensively [7kCmpri5hensivlI] adv.包括地 compress [kEm5pres] v.压缩, 摘要叙述 comprise [kEm5praIz] v.包含, 由...组成 compromise [5kCmprEmaiz] v & n.妥协 compulsory [kEm5pQlsEri] adj. 必修的, 被强迫的, 义务的 concede [kEn5si:d] v.勉强, 承认, 让步 conceive [kEn5si:v] v.构思，设想 conception [kEn5sepFEn] n.观念, 概念 concern [kEn5sE:n] vt.涉及, 关系到，关注 concession [kEn5seFEn] n.让步 concise [kEn5sais] adj.简明的, 简练的 confer [kEn5fE:] v.授予，协议，协商 confident [5kCnfidEnt] adj.⾃信的, 确信的 confidential [kCnfi5denFEl] adj.秘密的, 机密的 configuration [kEn7fi^ju5reiFEn] n.构造, 配置, 外形 confirm [kEn5fE:m] v.确定, 批准, 确认，巩固 conform [kEn5fC:m] v.⼀致, 遵守, 符合 confront [kEn5frQnt] v.使⾯临, 对抗 confuse [kEn5fju:z] v.搞乱, 使糊涂 confusion [kEn5fju:VEn] n.混乱, 混淆 conquer [5kCNkE] v.征服，克服 conscientious [7kCnFi5enFEs] adj.尽责的 consequent [5kCnsikwEnt] adj.作为结果的, 随之发⽣的 consequently [5kRnsIkwEntlI] adv.从⽽, 因此 conservative [kEn5sE:vEtiv] adj.保守的, 守旧的 conserve [kEn5sE:v] v.保存, 保藏 consider [kEn5sidE] v.考虑, 照顾, 认为 considerable [kEn5sidErEbl] adj. 值得考虑的, 相当可观的 considerate [kEn5sidErit] adj.考虑周到的 consistent [kEn5sistEnt] adj.⼀致的, 调和的, 坚固的 consistently [kEn5sistEntlI] adv.⼀贯地，始终如⼀地 consolidate [kEn5sClideit] v.巩固 conspicuous [kEn5spikjuEs] adj.显著的 constantly [5kRnstEntlI] adv.不变地, 经常地, 坚持不懈地 constrain [kEn5strein] v.强迫, 抑制, 拘束 consult [kEn5sQlt] v.商量, 请教, 参考 consume [kEn5sju:m] v.消耗, 消费, 消灭 consumer [kEn5sju:mE] n.消费者 contain [kEn5tein] v.包含, 容纳, 容忍 contemplate [5kCntempleit] v.凝视, 沉思, 预期 contempt [kEn5tempt] n.轻视, 轻蔑, 不尊敬 contend [kEn5tend] v.⽃争, 竞争, 主张 content [kEn5tent] n.内容, ⽬录，容量 continual [kEn5tinjuEl] adj.连续的, 频繁的, 持续不断的 continuous [kEn5tinjuEs] adj.连续的, 持续的 contradict [kCntrE5dikt] v.同...⽭盾, 同...抵触 contrary [5kCntrEri] n.相反；adj.相反的, 逆的 contrast [5kCntrAst] n.& v.对⽐, 对照 contribute [kEn5tribju:t] v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献 contribution [7kCntri5bju:FEn] n.捐献, 贡献, 投稿 contrive [kEn5traiv] v.发明, 设计, 图谋 controversial [7kCntrE5vE:FEl] adj.争论的, 争议的 convenient [kEn5vi:njEnt] adj.便利的, ⽅便的 converge [kEn5vE:dV] v.聚合, 集中于⼀点 convert [kEn5vE:t] v.转变, 改变 convict [5kCnvikt] n.罪犯；v.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪 cooperative [kEu5CpErEtiv] adj.合作的, 协⼒的 coordinate [kEu5C:dinit] v.调整, 整理 correct [kE5rekt] v.改正, 纠正；adj.正确的, 恰当的 correlate [5kCrileit] v.相互关联 correspondence [7kCris5pCndEns] n.相应, 通信, 信件 corrode [kE5rEud] v.使腐蚀, 侵蚀 corrupt [kE5rQpt] v.腐烂；adj.腐败的, 贪污的 cosmic [5kCzmik] adj.宇宙的 counsel [5kaunsEl] n.讨论, 商议, 律师 counterpart [5kauntEpB:t] n.副本, 极相似的⼈或物, 配对物 counting [5kauntiN] n.计算 courage [5kQridV] n.勇⽓, 精神 course [kC:s] n.过程, 课程, ⼀道菜 courtesy [5kE:tisi, 5kC:-] n.谦恭, 允许, 礼貌 coward [5kauEd] n.懦弱的⼈, 胆⼩的⼈ crash [krAF] n.& v. 碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁 creation [kri5eiFEn] n.创造, 创作物 crime [kraim] n.犯罪, 犯罪⾏为 crisis [5kraisis] n. 危机, 危险期, 紧要关头 criterion [krai5tiEriEn] n.标准, 规范 crucial [5kru:FiEl] adj.⾄关紧要的 crude [kru:d] adj.天然的, 未加⼯的, 粗糙的 cruise [kru:z] n.& v.巡游, 巡航 culminate [5kQlmineit] v.达到顶点 cultivate [5kQltiveit] v.培养, 耕作 cumulative [5kju:mjulEtiv] adj.累积的 curiosity [7kjuEri5Csiti] n.好奇⼼ curious [5kjuEriEs] adj.好奇的, 求知的, 古怪的 currency [5kQrEnsi] n.流通 curriculum [kE5rikjulEm] n.课程 curse [ kE:s ] v.诅咒, 咒骂, 降祸 customary [5kQstEmEri] adj.习惯的, 惯例的 cynical [5sinikEl] adj.愤世嫉俗的 D damage [5dAmidV] n.& v.损害, 伤害 dazzle [5dAzl] v.迷惑, 眩耀 deadly [5dedli] adj.致命的, 势不两⽴的 debate [di5beit] n.& v.争论, 辩论 decent [5di:snt] adj.正派的, 端庄的,得体的 decimal [5desimEl] adj.⼗进的, ⼩数的 decision [di5siVEn] n.决定, 决⼼, 结果 decisive [di5saisiv] adj.决定性的 decline [di5klain] v.下倾, 下降, 下垂 decrease [di:5kri:s] n.& v. 减少 dedicate [5dedikeit] v.献(⾝), 致⼒ deem [di:m] v.认为, 相信。

Education:Parenting 家长给小孩的教育Schooling 学校对学生的教育Peer 同龄人Discipline 纪律Motivation 动力Awareness= sense= recognition 意识Creative/ original 有创造力的Physical 身体的Psychological 心里的Adapt to 适应Memorize 记忆Cultivate 培养Stimulate 刺激，鼓舞Acquire 获得Media:Prevalent 无处不在的Objective 客观的Biased 不客观的Misleading 有误导性的Dependable 可靠的Up-to-the-minute 非常及时的Informative 信息量大的Entertaining 娱乐性强的Celebrity 名人Journalists 记者The press 新闻界Coverage 报道Sway （媒体）影响（公众）Technology:Transform= change 改变Advance 发展advanced先进的Enhance= boost 增强，提高Innovations=inventions 创新，发明Breakthrough 突破Telecommunications 远程通讯Distance learning 远程学习Government:The authoritiesPriority Stability EstablishSolve= resolve= address= combat Alleviate= ease=relieveFund= finance= invest in= allocate money to Ban= forbid= prohibitMonitor= supervise= scrutinizeAdminister= regulateTax revenueDemocraticEfficientEnvironment:disposable 一次性的severe=grave=grievous 严重的poisonous=toxic有毒的eco-friendly / environmental friendly 环保的conserve 节约（替换save）deteriorate 恶化aggravate 使……恶化discharge排放pipe(管道)排放contasminate=pollute 污染consume=delpete 消耗（资源）exhaust= use up用尽（资源）preserve 保护(替换protect)scarcity=shortage=dearth=lack 短缺diversity 生物多样性renewable resources 可再生资源non-renewable resources 不可再生资源effluent=sewage 污水non-biodegradable garbage不可降解的垃圾ozone layer臭氧层greenhouse effect= global warming温室效应fertile soil 肥沃的土壤infertile soil 贫瘠的土壤arable lan=framland农田，可耕地deforestation 砍伐森林environmentalist 环保主义者ecosystem=ecological system 生态系统ecological balance= ecological equilibium生态平衡sustainable development 可持续性发展exploit natural resources 开采，开发自然资源over- exploit natural resources 过度开发= out a strain on the natual resources Cultureforefathers=anscentors 祖先descendants=posterity 后代ethnic minorities 少数民族the harmony between ethnic groups/ races民族团结cultural integration and synthesis 文化融合interaction 相互影响cultural diversity 文化多样性insular mentality 狭隘的观念deprecate=denigrate=disparage=trivialize=discredit=minimize the importance of 贬低Developmentfatigue 疲劳traffic jams=traffic congestion=gridlock交通堵塞job opportunity=employment opportunity就业机会car wrecks=accidents 行人traffic accident perpetrators 交通肇事者surveillance camera监控摄像头vernacular dwellings 民居high-rise buildings高楼skyscrapers摩天大楼urbanization 城市化entertainment/ recreation休闲，娱乐operating costs=overhead costs 运营成本materialistic=mercenary=money-worshipping过于功利的needy=poverty-stricken=impoverished=deprived=destitute贫穷的affluent=wealthy=well-off富裕的decrepit=rundown=rickety=dilapidated 破旧的urban 都市的rural 乡村的pretentious=ostentatious 爱慕虚荣的imprede=hinder=hamper=obstruct=inhibit阻碍demolish=raze=knock down=tear down 拆除telecommute 在家上班relocate 搬迁recruit 雇佣Globalizationctural identity 文化特性cutural homogenization/uniformity文化同一性cultural assimilation 文化同化Familiesgender equality两性平等gender discrimination 性别歧视child bearing 生育孩子child rearing 抚养孩子maternal instinct 母性housework=household chores 家务elderly people=senior citizens 老年人family bonds/ties （家庭成员间的）情感纽带a sense of belonging 归属感an attachment to sth.对……的依恋Single-parent households 单亲家庭Abuse=mistreat 虐待Domestic violence 家庭暴力Be addicted to drugs 染上毒品Tourismtourist attractions=tourist spots=places of interest旅游景点Host city= destination city 目的地Local residents 当地人cultural heritage 文化遗产conflict=discord=dissension 争端，冲突first-hand experience 亲身体验multi-sensory experience 多感官体验second-hand experience 间接体验Enrich one’s experiencepush back/broaden/expand/explore one’s vision/outlook/horizons 开阔眼界Promote cultural communication 促进文化交流interact with与……互动commercialize = commodify商业化CrimeBreak/violate/flout/disobey the law触犯法律Abide by the law=comply with the law遵守法律Be bought to justice 被绳之于法Disregard无视Track down= hunt down= capture抓捕Revert to crime 再次犯罪Imprison/incarcerate sb监禁Resent society/ hold a grudge against society憎恨社会Traumatise sb 给……造成心理创伤Reform criminals/ Rehabilitate criminals 改造罪犯Criminal acts=crimes=offences 罪行Heinous crime=flagitious crime=felony 重罪Petty crime/ misdemeanour 轻罪First-time offender 初犯Hardened criminals=repeat criminals 惯犯Accomplice=accessory 从犯Inmate=convicts 囚犯Law-abiding citizens 守法公民Victim 受害者Trauma 心里创伤Cell 监牢Law enforcement agencies 执法部门Criminal tendency 犯罪倾向AnimalsMedical research 医学研究Vivisection 活体解剖Anaesthetic 麻醉Animal right activists 动物权益保护主义者Cruel/merciless/inhuman/callous/brutal 残忍的Relieve/alleviate/ease animals’ pain 减轻动物的痛苦Afford sb consolation and comfort 给人心里安慰There are no replacements/substitutes/alternatives for sth ***是不可取代的。

abuse [ə'bju:z, ə'bju:s]n. 滥用；辱骂；虐待；弊端；恶习，陋习 vt. 滥用；辱骂；虐待candidate ['kændideit, -dət]n. 候选人，候补者；应试者capable ['keipəbl]adj. 能干的，能胜任的；有才华的capacity [kə'pæsəti]n. 能力；容量；生产力；资格，地位facilitate [fə'siliteit]vt. 促进；帮助；使容易facilities n. 工具，设备；设施gamble ['ɡæmbl]vi. 赌博；投机；打赌；孤注一掷 vt. 赌博；孤注一掷；冒险假设 n. 冒险；赌博；打赌gang [ɡæŋ]n. 群；一组；一伙 vt. 使成群结队；结伙伤害或恐吓某人 vi. 成群结队identification [ai,dentifi'keiʃən]n. 鉴定，识别；认同；身份证明identifyidentity cardidiomidle ['aidl]adj. 懒惰的；闲置的；停顿的 vi. 空转；无所事事；虚度 vt. 虚度；使空转jealous ['dʒeləs]adj. 妒忌的；唯恐失去的；猜疑的；戒备的magnify ['mæɡnifai]vt. 放大；赞美；夸大 vi. 放大；有放大能力naive [nɑ:'i:v, nai-]adj. 天真的，幼稚的；轻信的pension ['penʃən]n. 津贴；退休金，抚恤金；膳宿费 vt. 发给养老金或抚恤金perceive [pə'si:v]vt. 察觉，感觉；理解；认知 vi. 感到，感知；认识到responsible [ri'spɔnsəbl]adj. 有责任的；负责的，可靠的restore [ri'stɔ:]vt. 修复；恢复；归还 vi. 还原；恢复restrain [ri'strein]vt. 抑制，控制；制止；约束setback ['setbæk]n. 挫折；逆流；退步severe [si'viə]adj. 严厉的；苛刻的；剧烈的；严峻的shabby ['ʃæbi]adj. 破旧的；卑鄙的；吝啬的；低劣的shallow ['ʃæləu]adj. 浅的；肤浅的 n. 浅滩 vt. 使变浅 vi. 变浅youngster ['jʌŋstə]n. 年轻人；少年yield [ji:ld]vt. 出产；屈服；放弃 vi. 屈服，投降 n. 收益；产量abundance [ə'bʌndəns]n. 充裕，丰富abandon [ə'bændən]n. 狂热；放任 vt. 遗弃；放弃bacteria [bæk'tiəriə]n. 细菌badminton ['bædmintən]n. 羽毛球cafeteria [,kæfi'tiəriə]n. 自助餐厅calculate ['kælkjuleit]vi. 计算；作打算；以为 vt. 计算；打算；预测；认为calendar ['kælində]n. 日历；历法；日程表 vt. 将…列入表中；将…排入日程表damp [dæmp]vt. 使潮湿；使沮丧，抑制；使阻尼 vi. 减幅，阻尼；变潮湿 n. 潮湿，湿气 adj. 潮湿的dash [dæʃ]n. 破折号；冲撞 vt. 使…破灭；猛撞；泼溅 vi. 猛冲；撞击ecologic [,i:kə'lɔdʒikəl, ,ekə-,-'lɔdʒik]adj. 生态的；生态学的ecology [i:'kɔlədʒi]n. 生态学；社会生态学fabric ['fæbrik]n. 织物；构造；建筑物；组织；布fabulous ['fæbjuləs]adj. 难以置信的；传说的，寓言中的；极好的gallery ['ɡæləri]n. 走廊；画廊；地道；旁听席 vt. 在…修建走廊；在…挖地道 vi. 挖地道habitatideal [ai'diəl]adj. 理想的；完美的；想象的；不切实际的 n. 理想；典范idealism [ai'diəlizəm]n. 唯心主义，理想主义；理念论identical [ai'dentikəl]adj. 同一的；完全相同的 n. 完全相同的事物jail [dʒeil]n. 监狱；监牢；拘留所 vt. 监禁；下狱jam [dʒæm]n. 果酱；拥挤；困境；[篮球]扣篮；vt. 使堵塞；挤进，使塞满；混杂；压碎；vi. 堵塞；轧住keen [ki:n]adj. 敏锐的，敏捷的；热心的；锐利的；渴望的；强烈的 n. 痛哭，挽歌label ['leibl]vt. 标注；贴标签于 n. 标签；商标；签条bra nd [brænd]vt. 打烙印于；印…商标于；铭刻于，铭记 n. 商标，牌子；烙印magnet ['mæɡnit]n. 磁铁；磁石；磁体naked ['neikid]adj. 裸体的；无装饰的；无证据的；直率的overseas ['əuvə'si:z]adv. 在海外，海外 adj. 海外的，国外的oversee [,əuvə'si:]vt. 监督；俯瞰；审查；偷看到，无意中看到pee [pi:]n. 尿；撒尿 vi. 撒尿 vt. 小便peer [piə]vi. 凝视，盯着看；窥视 vt. 封为贵族；与…同等 n. 贵族；同等的人poop [pu:p]n. 船尾；傻子；内幕消息 vt. 使精疲力尽；使船尾受击 vi. 疲乏；排便penalty ['penəlti]n. 处罚；罚款，罚金resort [ri'zɔ:t]n. 凭借，手段；度假胜地；常去之地 vi. 求助，诉诸；常去；采取某手段或方法response [ri'spɔns]n. 响应；反应；回答sequence ['si:kwəns]n. [数][计] 序列；顺序；续发事件 vt. 按顺序排好series ['siəri:z, -riz]n. 系列，连续；丛书；[电]串联；[数]级数session ['seʃən]n. 会议；（法庭的）开庭；（议会等的）开会；学期；讲习会worship ['wə:ʃip]n. 崇拜；礼拜；尊敬vt. 崇拜；尊敬；爱慕vi. 拜神；做礼拜wrap [ræp]vt. 包；隐藏；缠绕；掩护vi. 缠绕；穿外衣；包起来n. 外套；围巾academy [ə'kædəmi]n. 学院；研究院；学会；专科院校access ['ækses, 'æksəs, æk'ses]vt. 存取；接近；使用n. 通路；进入；使用权balcony ['bælkəni]n. 阳台；包厢；戏院楼厅capture ['kæptʃə]vt. 俘获；夺得n. 战利品，俘虏；捕获carve [kɑ:v]vt. 雕刻；切开；开创vi. 切开；做雕刻工作cashier [kæ'ʃiə]n. 出纳员；司库vt. 解雇；抛弃deadline ['dedlain]n. 截止期限，最后期限elaborate [i'læbərət, i'læbəreit]adj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）vi. 详细描述；变复杂factor ['fæktə]n. 因素；因数；要素；代理人vi. 做代理商把…作为因素计入；代理经营；把…分解成faculty ['fækəlti]n. 能力；全体教员；科，系gap [ɡæp]n. 缺口；间隙；空白vi. 裂开vt. 使成缺口halt [hɔ:lt]vi. 停止；踌躇，犹豫；立定n. 停止；立定；休息vt. 使停止；使立定ignorant ['iɡnərənt]adj. 无知的；愚昧的ignore [iɡ'nɔ:]vt. 驳回诉讼；忽视；不理睬lag [læɡ]n. 落后；迟延；防护套；囚犯；桶板vt. 落后于；押往监狱；加上外套vi. 滞后；缓缓而行；蹒跚adj. 最后的majesty ['mædʒisti]n. 威严；雄伟；权威；最高权威，王权majority [mə'dʒɔriti]n. 多数；[律]成年victim ['viktim]n. 牺牲者；受害人；牺牲品overthrew [,əuvə'θru:]v. 推翻（overthrow的过去式）periodical [,piəri'ɔdikəl]adj. 定期的；周期的n. 期刊；杂志permanent ['pə:mənənt]adj. 永久的，永恒的；不变的n. [口]烫发（等于permanent wave）permission [pə'miʃən]n. 允许，许可restrict [ri'strikt]vt. 限制；约束；限定resume [ri'zju:m, -'zu:m]n. [管理] 履历；个人简历；摘要vt. 重新开始；重新获得vi. 再开始shelter ['ʃeltə]n. 避难所；遮盖物；庇护vt. 使掩蔽；保护vi. 躲避，避难shift [ʃift]n. 手段；移动；轮班；变化vi. 移动；转换；转变vt. 替换；转移；改变accommodate [ə'kɔmədeit]vt. 容纳；使适应；供应；调解vi. 适应；调解accommodation [ə,kɔmə'deiʃən]n. 调节；住处，膳宿；和解；预订铺位accompany [ə'kʌmpəni]vt. 陪伴，伴随；伴奏vi. 伴奏，伴唱,ban [bæn]vt. 禁止，取缔n. 禁令，禁忌barbecue ['bɑ:bikju:]n. 烤肉；吃烤肉的野宴vt. 烤肉；烧烤catalogue ['kætəlɔɡ]n. 目录；（美）大学情况一览vt. 把…编入目录categorial [,kæti'ɡəuriəl]adj. 范畴的；范围的（等于categoreal）caution ['kɔ:ʃən]n. 小心，谨慎；警告，警示vt. 警告cease [si:s]vi. 停止；终了vt. 停止；结束n. 停止debate [di'beit]vt. 辩论，争论，讨论vi. 辩论，争论，讨论n. 辩论；辩论会decade ['dekeid]n. 十年，十年期；十103, element ['elimənt]n. 元素；成分；要素；原理；自然环境104, elevate ['eliveit]t. 举起；提升；振奋情绪等；提升…的职位105, faint ['feint]adj. 头晕的；虚弱的；模糊的；衰弱的vi. 昏倒；变得微弱；变得没气力n. 昏厥，昏倒106, faith [feiθ]n. 信任；信念；信仰；忠实107, garment ['ɡɑ:mənt]n. 衣服，服装；外表，外观vt. 给…穿衣服108, gather ['ɡæðə]vt. 收集；使…聚集；收割；使…皱起vi. 聚集；化脓；皱起n. 衣褶；聚集；收获量109, hamper ['hæmpə]vt. 妨碍；束缚；使困累n. 食盒，食篮；阻碍物110, illegal adj. 非法的；违法的；违反规则的n. 非法移民；间谍111, illusion [i'lju:ʒən]n. 幻觉，错觉；错误的观念或信仰112, illustrate ['iləstreit]vt. 阐明，举例说明；图解vi. 举例113, jog [dʒɔɡ]vt. 慢跑；轻推；蹒跚行进；使颠簸vi. 慢跑；轻推；蹒跚行进；颠簸着移动n. 慢跑；轻推，轻撞114, joint [dʒɔint]n. 关节；接合处，接合点；接缝；（牛，羊等的腿）大块肉adj. 联合的，合办的；共同的；连接的vt. 连接，贴合；接合；使有接头vi. 贴合；生节115, landlady ['lænd,leidi]n. 女房东；女地主；女店主116, landscape ['lændskeip]n. 风景，景色；山水画vt. 美化…景观vi. 从事景观美化工作117, mall [mɔ:l]n. 购物商场；林荫路；铁圈球场118, manifest ['mænifest]vt. 证明，表明；显示vi. 显示，出现n. 旅客名单；载货单，货单adj. 明白的；显然的，119, manipulate [mə'nipjuleit]vt. 操作；操纵；巧妙地处理；篡改120, persevere [,pə:si'viə]vi. 坚持；不屈不挠；固执己见（在辩论中）121, persistence [pə'sistəns, -'zis-]n. 持续；存留；固执122, person ['pə:sən]n. 人；[语法]人称；身体；容貌，外表123, retain [ri'tein]vt. 保持；雇；记住124, retreat [ri'tri:t]n. 撤退；休息寓所；撤退vi. 撤退；退避；向后倾vt. 使后退；退（棋）125, reveal [ri'vi:l]vt. 揭露；显示；透露；泄露n. 揭露；暴露；门侧，窗侧126, shortage ['ʃɔ:tidʒ]n. 不足；缺乏，缺少127, shrink [ʃriŋk]vi. 收缩；畏缩vt. 使缩小，使收缩n. 收缩128, sigh [sai]vi. 叹息，叹气n. 叹息，叹气vt. 叹息，叹气129, accomplish [ə'kʌmpliʃ, ə'kɔm-]vt. 完成；实现；达到130, according [ə'kɔ:diŋ]adj. 相符的adv. 依照131, account [ə'kaunt]n. [会计] 账户；解释；[会计] 账目，账单；理由vi. 解释；导致；报账vt. 认为；把…视为132, bare [bεə]adj. 空的；赤裸的，无遮蔽的vt. 露出，使赤裸133, ceremonial [,seri'məunjəl]adj. 正式的，礼仪的；仪式的n. 仪式，礼节134, certificate [sə'tifikeit]vt. 发给证明书；以证书形式授权给…；用证书批准n. 证书；执照，文凭135, chain [tʃein]n. 链；束缚；枷锁vt. 束缚；囚禁；用铁练锁住136, deceive [di'si:v]v. 欺骗；行骗137, decent ['di:sənt]adj. 得体的；正派的；相当好的138, declare [di'klεə]vt. 宣布，声明；断言，宣称vi. 声明，宣布139, embarrass [im'bærəs]vt. 使局促不安；使困窘；阻碍140, private ['praivit]adj. 私人的；私有的；私下的n. 列兵；二等兵141, embrace [im'breis]vt. 包含；信奉，皈依；拥抱vi. 拥抱n. 拥抱142, emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi. 浮现；暴露；摆脱143, fake [feik]n. 假货；骗子；[体]假动作；vt. 捏造；假装…的样子；vi. 假装；[体]做假动作；adj. 伪造的144, cheat [tʃi:t]vt. 欺骗；骗取vi. 欺骗；作弊n. 欺骗，作弊；骗子145, familiar [fə'miljə]adj. 熟悉的；常见的；亲近的n. 常客；密友146, guy [ɡai]n. 男人，家伙vt. 嘲弄，取笑vi. 逃跑147, handicapped ['hændikæpt]n. 残疾人；缺陷者adj. 残废的；有生理缺陷的148, handle ['hændl]n. 柄；把手；手感；口实vt. 买卖；处理；操作；触摸；运用vi. 易于操纵；搬运149, illustration [,ilə'streiʃən]n. 插图；说明；例证；图解150, imitate ['imiteit]vt. 模仿，仿效；仿造，仿制151, journal ['dʒə:nəl]n. 日报，杂志；日记；[经]分类账152, lane [lein]n. 小巷；航线；车道；[篮球]罚球区153, mansion ['mænʃən]n. 大厦；宅邸154, manual ['mænjuəl]adj. 体力的；手工的n. 手册，指南155, naughty ['nɔ:ti]adj. 顽皮的，淘气的；不听话的；没规矩的；不适当的；下流的156, overwhelming [,əuvə'hwelmiŋ]adj. 压倒性的；势不可挡的v. 压倒；制服；淹没（overwhelm的ing形式）157, personnel [,pə:sə'nel]n. 全体人员；人事部门adj. 人员的；有关人事的158, perspective [pə'spektiv]n. 透视图；远景；观点adj. 透视的159, persuade [pə'sweid]vt. 说服，劝说；使某人相信；劝某人做（不做）某事vi. 说服；被说服adj. 空闲的，160, pessimistic [,pesi'mistik]adj. 悲观的，厌世的；悲观主义的161, revenue ['revənju:, -nu:]n. 税收，国家的收入；收益162, reverse [ri'və:s]n. 背面；相反；倒退；失败；vt. 颠倒；倒转；adj. 反面的；颠倒的；[篮球]反身的；vi. 倒退；163, significant [sig'nifikənt]adj. 重大的；有意义的；有效的；值得注意的；意味深长的n. 有意义的事物；象征164, simulate ['simjuleit]vt. 模仿；假装；冒充adj. 模仿的；假装的165, tabloid ['tæblɔid]n. 小报；药片；文摘；小型画报adj. 小报式的；缩略的；轰动性的；扼要的166, accumulate [ə'kju:mjuleit]vi. 累积；积聚vt. 积攒167, accuracy ['ækjurəsi]n. 精确度，准确性168, accustom [ə'kʌstəm]vt. 使习惯于169, bargain ['bɑ:ɡin]n. 交易；契约；特价商品vi. 讨价还价；成交vt. 讨价还价；拿…做交易170, barrier ['bæriə]n. 障碍物，屏障；界线vt. 把…关入栅栏171, challenge ['tʃælindʒ]n. 挑战；怀疑vt. 向…挑战172, channel ['tʃænəl]vt. 引导，开导；形成河道n. 海峡；频道；通道173, characteristic [,kærəktə'ristik]adj. 特有的；典型的；表示特性的n. 特征；特性；特色174, decoration [,dekə'reiʃən]n. 装饰，装潢；装饰品；奖章175, emit [i'mit]vt. 发出，放射；发行；发表176, excessive [ik'sesiv]adj. 过分的；过多的，极度的177, fancy ['fænsi]n. 想像力；爱好；幻想adj. 想象的；奇特的；精选的；昂贵的vt. 设想；喜爱；自负vi. 想象；178, fantast ['fæntæst]n. 幻想家；梦想家；脾气古怪的人179, fantastic [fæn'tæstik]adj. 奇异的；空想的；极好的；不可思议的n. 古怪的人180, gear [ɡiə]n. 齿轮；传动装置；装置，工具vi. 适合；搭上齿轮；开始工作vt. 开动；搭上齿轮；使……适合；181, harbour ['hɑ:bə]vi. 藏匿；入港停泊；庇护vt. 庇护；藏匿；入港停泊n. 海港（等于harbor）；避难所182, immature [,imə'tjuə]adj. 不成熟的；未成熟的；粗糙的183, annual ['ænjuəl]adj. 年度的；每年的n. 年刊，年鉴；一年生植物184, immigrate ['imiɡreit]vi. 移入vt. 使移居入境185, imminent ['iminənt]adj. 迫近的；即将来临的186, imminent threat 紧迫的威胁；逼近的威胁187, knit [nit]vi. 编织；结合；皱眉vt. 编织；结合n. 编织衣物；编织法188, manufacture [,mænju'fæktʃə]n. 制造；制造业；产品vt. 制造；加工；捏造vi. 制造189, marble ['mɑ:bl]n. 大理石；大理石制品；弹珠adj. 大理石的；冷酷无情的190, pest [pest]n. 害虫；有害之物；讨厌的人191, phenomenon [fi'nɔminən, fə-]n. 现象；奇迹；杰出的人才192, review [ri'vju:]n. 评论；回顾；复习；检讨；检阅vt. 回顾；复审；检查vi. 回顾；写评论；复习功课193, revise [ri'vaiz, 'ri:vaiz]vt. 校订；修正；复习vi. 修订；校订；复习功课n. 修订；校订194, revolution [,revə'lju:ʃən]n. 革命；旋转；运行；循环195, signpost ['sainpəust]n. 路标；指示牌196, sink [siŋk]vi. 下沉；消沉；渗透vt. 使下沉；挖掘；使低落n. 水槽；洗涤槽；污水坑197, taboo [tə'bu:, tæ-]n. 禁忌；禁止adj. 禁忌的；忌讳的vt. 禁止；禁忌198, acid ['æsid]n. 酸；<俚>迷幻药adj. 酸的；讽刺的；刻薄的199, acknowledge [ək'nɔlidʒ]vt. 承认；答谢；报偿；告知已收到200, acquaintance [ə'kweintəns]n. 熟人；了解；知道；相识201, acquire [ə'kwaiə]vt. 获得；学到；取得；捕获202, basement ['beismənt]n. 地下室；地窖203, battery ['bætəri]n. 电池，蓄电池204, keep the change n. （零钱）不用找了205, charge [tʃɑ:dʒ]n. 费用；电荷；掌管；控告；命令；负载vt. 使充电；使承担；指责；装载；对…索费；向…冲去vi. 充电；控告；索价；向前冲；记在账上206, charity ['tʃærəti]n. 慈善；施舍；慈善团体；宽容；施舍物207, charming ['tʃɑ:miŋ]adj. 迷人的；可爱的v. 使陶醉（charm的现在分词）208, chart [tʃɑ:t]n. 图表；海图；图纸vt. 绘制…的图表；在海图上标出；详细计划209, chat [tʃæt]vi. 聊天；闲谈vt. 与…搭讪；与…攀谈n. 聊天；闲谈210, dedicate ['dedikeit, 'dedikit, -keit]vt. 致力；献身；题献211, dedicate oneself to 专心致力于；赋予自己212, devote oneself to 致力于；献身于213, deduce [di'dju:s]vt. 推论，推断；演绎出214, defeat [di'fi:t]vt. 击败，战胜；使…失败；挫败n. 失败；战胜215, politeness [pə'laitnis]n. 有礼貌；优雅216, emphasize ['emfəsaiz]vt. 强调，着重217, empire ['empaiə]n. 帝国；帝王统治，君权218, far-reaching ['fɑ:'ri:tʃiŋ]adj. 深远的；广泛的；伸至远处的219, fascinate ['fæsineit]vt. 使着迷，使神魂颠倒vi. 入迷220, gender ['dʒendə]n. 性；性别；性交vt. 生（过去式gendered，过去分词gendered，现在分词gendering，第三人称单数genders，形容词genderless）221, gene [dʒi:n]n. 基因，遗传因子222, immoral ['imɔrəl]adj. 不道德的；邪恶的；淫荡的223, immune [i'mju:n]adj. 免疫的；免于……的，免除的n. 免疫者；免除者224, impact ['impækt, im'pækt]vt. 撞击；冲突；影响；压紧vi. 冲击；产生影响n. 效果；影响；碰撞；冲击力225, implement ['implimənt, 'impliment]vt. 实现，使生效；实施，执行n. 工具，器具；手段226, criticism ['kriti,sizəm]n. 批评；苛求；考证227, criticize [ˈkrɪtɪsaɪz]vt. 批评；评论；非难vi. 批评；评论；苛求[ 过去式criticized 过去分词criticized 现在分词criticizing ]228, latitude ['lætitju:d]n. 纬度；界限；活动范围229, margin ['mɑ:dʒin]n. 边缘；利润，余裕；页边的空白vt. 加边于；加旁注于230, marked [mɑ:kt]adj. 显著的；有记号的v. 表示（mark的过去分词）；作记号；打分数231, marine [mə'ri:n]adj. 海生的；航海的，海运的；船舶的；海产的n. （海军）士兵或军官；舰队；水兵；海运业232, maritime ['mæritaim]adj. 海的；海事的；沿海的；海员的233, navigate ['næviɡeit]vt. 航行于；驾驶，操纵；使通过vi. 航行，航空234, philosophy [fi'lɔsəfi, fə-]n. 哲学；哲理；人生观235, civilized ['sivilaizd]adj. 文明的；有礼貌的v. 教化；使…文明；启发（civilize的过去分词）236, civil ['sivəl]adj. 公民的；民间的；文职的；有礼貌的；根据民法的237, civilization [,sivilai'zeiʃən, -li'z-]n. 文明；文化238, reward [ri'wɔ:d]n. 报酬；酬谢；报答vt. 奖赏；奖励239, award [ə'wɔ:d]vt. 授予；判定n. 奖品；判决240, rhythm ['riðəm, 'riθəm]n. 节奏；韵律241, riddle ['ridl]vt. 解谜；给...出谜；充满于n. 粗筛；谜语；谜一般的人、东西、事情等vi. 出谜242, site [sait]n. 地点；位置；场所vt. 设置；为…选址243, situate ['sitjueit, -tʃu-, 'sitjuit, -eit-]vt. 使位于；使处于adj. 位于…的244, sketch [sketʃ]n. 素描；略图；梗概vt. 画素描或速写vi. 画素描或速写245, approach [ə'prəutʃ]n. 接近；方法；途径vt. 接近；着手处理vi. 靠近246, skim [skim]vt. 撇去…的浮物；从…表面飞掠而过；去除；略读；[俚]（为逃税而）隐瞒（部分收入）vi. 掠过；浏览n. 撇；撇去的东西；表层物；瞒报所得的收入adj. 撇去浮沫的；脱脂的；表层的247, tag [tæɡ]n. 标签；结束语；附属物；名称vt. 起浑名；尾随，紧随；添饰；连接vi. 紧随248, album ['ælbəm]n. 相簿；唱片集；集邮簿；签名纪念册249, activate ['æktiveit]vt. 刺激；使活泼；使活动；使产生放射性vi. 有活力；激活250, adapt to 使自己适应于…251, address [ə'dres]vt. 演说；从事；忙于；写姓名地址；向…致辞n. 地址；演讲；致辞；说话的技巧252, bear [bεə]vi. 结果实；承受vt. 忍受；具有；支撑n. 熊253, behalf [bi'hɑ:f]n. 代表；利益254, behalf of 代表255, cherish ['tʃeriʃ]vt. 珍爱；怀抱256, chill [tʃil]n. 寒冷；寒心；寒意adj. 寒冷的；冷漠的；扫兴的vt. 使寒心；使感到冷；冷冻，冷藏vi. 冷藏；变冷257, defect ['di:fekt, di'f-, di'fekt]n. 缺点，缺陷；不足之处vi. 变节；叛变258, density ['densəti]n. 密度259, defence against 防御；保卫260, define [di'fain]vt. 定义；使明确；规定261, enclose [in'kləuz]vt. 围绕；装入；放入封套262, encounter [in'kauntə]vt. 遭遇，邂逅；遇到n. 遭遇，偶然碰见vi. 遭遇；偶然相遇263, endowment insurance 养老保险264, fascinating ['fæsineitiŋ]adj. 迷人的；吸引人的；使人神魂颠倒的v. 使…着迷；使…陶醉（fascinate的ing形式）265, fashion ['fæʃən]n. 样式；时尚；时装；时髦人物vt. 做成…的形状；使用；改变266, generalize ['dʒenərəlaiz]vt. 概括；推广；使...一般化vi. 形成概念267, generate ['dʒenəreit]vt. 使形成；生殖；发生268, generate electricity 发电269, harmony ['hɑ:məni]n. 协调；和睦；融洽；调和270, harmony brings wealth 和气生财；家和万事兴271, implicit [im'plisit]adj. 暗示的；盲从的；含蓄的272, implicit style 含蓄273, imply [im'plai]vt. 暗示；意味；隐含274, impose [im'pəuz]vi. 欺骗；利用；施加影响vt. 强加；以…欺骗；征税275, impose on 利用；欺骗；施加影响于276, knob [nɔb]n. 把手；瘤；球形突出物vi. 鼓起vt. 使有球形突出物277, launch [lɔ:ntʃ, lɑ:ntʃ]vt. 发射（导弹、火箭等）；发起，发动；使…下水vi. 下水；开始；起飞n. 发射；下水；汽艇；发行，投放市场278, launch into 进入，投入279, laundry ['lɔ:ndri, 'lɑ:n-]n. 洗衣店，洗衣房；洗熨；洗好的衣服；要洗的衣服280, marvel ['mɑ:vəl]n. 奇迹vt. 对…感到惊异vi. 感到惊讶281, marvel at v. 对…惊奇282, marvel entertainment：惊奇娱乐公司| 惊奇娱乐| 奇迹娱乐283, massive ['mæsiv]adj. 大量的；巨大的，厚重的；魁伟的284, mate [meit]n. 同事；助手，大副；配偶；配对物vt. 使配对；结伴；使一致vi. 成配偶；交配；紧密配合285, necessity [ni'sesəti, nə-]n. 需要；必需品；必然性286, necessary ['nesisəri]adj. 必要的；必然的；必需的n. 必需品287, pioneer [,paiə'niə]n. 先锋；拓荒者vt. 开辟；倡导；提倡vi. 作先驱288, pitch [pitʃ]vi. 投掷；倾斜；坠落；搭帐篷vt. 投；定位于；掷；用沥青涂；扎营；向前倾跌n. 沥青；程度；音高；投掷；树脂；倾斜289, placement ['pleismənt]n. 布置；定位球；人员配置290, ridiculous [ri'dikjuləs]adj. 可笑的；荒谬的291, rigid ['ridʒid]adj. 严格的；僵硬的，死板的；坚硬的；精确的292, rigid plastic 硬质塑料293, rigid structure 刚性结构294, risk [risk]n. 危险；风险；冒险vt. 冒…的危险295, skip [skip]vi. 跳跃；跳绳；遗漏；跳读vt. 跳过；遗漏n. 跳跃；跳读296, slam [slæm]vt. 砰地关上；猛力抨击vi. 砰地关上；猛力抨击n. 猛击；砰然声297, slender ['slendə]adj. 细长的；苗条的；微薄的298, slice [slais]n. 薄片；部分；菜刀，火铲vt. 切下；把…分成部分；将…切成薄片vi. 切开；割破299, talent ['tælənt]n. 才能；天才；天资300, talent agency 人才机构301, tame [teim]adj. 驯服的；乏味的；顺从的；平淡的vt. 驯养；使变得平淡；制服vi. 变得驯服302, adequate ['ædikwit]adj. 适当的；胜任的；充足的303, adequate for 胜任……的；对……是足够的；适合……的304, adjust [ə'dʒʌst]vt. 校准；调整，使…适合vi. 调整，校准；适应305, adjust price 调整价格306, adjacent [ə'dʒeisənt]adj. 邻近的，毗连的307, behaviour [bi'heivjə]n. 行为；习性；运行状况（等于behavior）308, chop [tʃɔp]n. 砍；排骨；商标；[网]削球；vt. 剁碎；砍；（俚）丑人309, chore [tʃɔ:]n. 家庭杂务；日常的零星事务；讨厌的或累人的工作310, domestic [dəu'mestik]adj. 国内的；家庭的；驯养的；一心只管家务的n. 佣人；国货311, circulate ['sə:kjuleit]vi. 循环；流通；传播，流传vt. 使循环；使流通；使传播312, circulate or exchange 通兑313, circumstance ['sə:kəmstəns]n. 环境，情况；事件；境遇314, circus ['sə:kəs]n. 马戏团；马戏315, definitely ['definitli]adv. 明确地，肯定地；清楚地，当然316, encyclopedia [en,saikləu'pi:djə]n. 百科全书317, endanger [in'deindʒə]vt. 危及；使遭到危险318, fasten ['fɑ:sən, 'fæ-]vt. 扎牢；使固定；集中于；强加于vi. 扣紧；抓住；集中注意力319, fasten your seat belts320, fatal ['feitl]adj. 致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的321, generous ['dʒenərəs]adj. 慷慨的，大方的；宽宏大量的；有雅量的322, harsh [hɑ:ʃ]adj. 粗糙的；刺耳的；严厉的；严酷的；刺目的323, impress [im'pres, 'impres]vt. 盖印；强征；传送；给予某人深刻印象vi. 给人印象n. 印象，印记；特征，痕迹324, imprison [im'prizən]vt. 监禁；关押；使…下狱325, impulse ['impʌls]n. 冲动；脉冲；刺激；推动力；神经冲动vt. 推动326, inaccessible [,inæk'sesəbl]adj. 难接近的；难达到的；难见到的327, layer ['leiə]n. 层，阶层；地层vt. 用压条法培植；把...堆积成层vi. 借助压条法生根繁殖328, mutual ['mju:tʃuəl, -tjuəl]adj. 相互的，彼此的；共同的329, plantation [plæn'teiʃən]n. 大农场；栽植；殖民adj. 适用于种植园或热带、亚热带国家的330, plateau ['plætəu, plæ't-]n. 高原；稳定水平；托盘；平顶女帽vi. 达到平衡；达到稳定时期331, cottage ['kɔtidʒ]n. 村舍；小屋；（农舍式的）小别墅332, platform ['plætfɔ:m]n. 月台，站台；讲台；平台；坛333, rival ['raivəl]n. 竞争者；对手vt. 与…竞争；比得上某人vi. 竞争adj. 竞争的334, roar [rɔ:]n. 咆哮；吼；轰鸣vi. 咆哮；吼叫；喧闹vt. 咆哮；呼喊；使……轰鸣335, roar with laughter 哄堂大笑336, applause [ə'plɔ:z]n. 鼓掌欢迎；欢呼，喝采337, robust [rəu'bʌst, 'rəubʌst]adj. 强健的；健康的；粗野的；粗鲁的338, slide [slaid]n. 幻灯片；滑动；滑梯；雪崩vi. 滑动；滑落；不知不觉陷入vt. 滑动；使滑动；悄悄地迅速放置339, slim [slim]adj. 苗条的；修长的；无价值的vt. 使…体重减轻；使…苗条vi. 减轻体重；变细340, slimming tea 修身纤体| 减肥茶| 消腩净肠341, slogan ['sləuɡən]n. 标语；呐喊声342, smash [smæʃ]vt. 使破产；粉碎；溃裂n. 破碎；冲突；大败；[羽]扣球vi. 粉碎；打碎adj. 了不起的；非常轰动的；出色的343, smash into you疯狂爱上你| 撞进你里面去344, tap [tæp]vt. 轻敲；轻打；装上嘴子vi. 轻拍；轻击；轻叩n. 水龙头；轻打345, tape [teip]n. 磁带；带子；卷尺；胶带vt. 录音；用带子捆扎；用胶布把…封住vi. 用磁带录音346, target ['tɑ:ɡit]n. 目标；靶子vt. 把……作为目标；规定……的指标；瞄准某物347, target to 对准目标；指定软件面向348, on target 到达目标上空；正追踪目标；切题，切中要害349, vehicles n. 交通工具；车辆（vehicle的复数形式）350, merit ['merit]n. 优点，价值；功绩；功过vt. 值得vi. 应受报答351, guarantee [,ɡærən'ti:]n. 保证书；抵押品；保证；担保；保证人vt. 保证；担保352, detrimental [,detri'mentəl]adj. 有害的；不利的n. 有害的人（或物）；[古]不受欢迎的求婚者353, nutriology [,nju:tri'ɔlədʒi]n. 营养学354, eliminate [i'limineit]vt. 消除；排除355, stable ['steibl]n. 马厩；牛棚adj. 稳定的；牢固的；坚定的vi. 被关在马厩vt. 赶入马房356, steady ['stedi]adj. 稳定的；不变的；沉着的vi. 稳固vt. 使稳定；稳固；使坚定adv. 稳定地；稳固地n. 关系固定的情侣；固定支架357, dramatically [drə'mætikəli]adv. 戏剧地；引人注目地358, noticeable ['nəutisəbl]adj. 显而易见的，显著的；值得注意的359, noticeably ['nəutisəbli]adv. 显著地，明显地；引人注目地360, remarkably [ri'ma:kəbli]adv. 显著地；非常地；引人注目地361, allege [ə'ledʒ]vt. 宣称，断言；提出…作为理由362, dormmate363, automatic [,ɔ:tə'mætik]adj. 自动的；无意识的；必然的n. 自动机械；自动手枪364, awkward ['ɔ:kwəd]adj. 尴尬的；笨拙的；棘手的；不合适的365, coordinate [kəu'ɔ:dinit, kəu'ɔ:dineit]n. 坐标；同等的人或物adj. 并列的；同等的vt. 调整；整合vi. 协调366, corporation [,kɔ:pə'reiʃən]n. 公司；法人（团体）；社团；大腹便便；市政当局367, correspond [,kɔ:ri'spɔnd]vi. 符合，一致；相应；通信368, dwarf [dwɔ:f]vi. 变矮小n. 侏儒，矮子vt. 使矮小adj. 矮小的369, dwell vi. 居住；存在于；细想某事370, dynasty ['dinəsti, 'dai-]n. 王朝，朝代371, extreme [ik'stri:m]adj. 极端的；极度的；偏激的；尽头的n. 极端；末端；最大程度；极端的事物372, futile ['fju:tail]adj. 无用的；没有出息的；琐细的；不重要的；无效的373, irregularity [i,reɡju'lærəti]n. 不规则；无规律；不整齐374, luxury ['lʌkʃəri, 'lʌɡʒəri]n. 奢侈，奢华；奢侈品；享受adj. 奢侈的375, overestimate [,əuvər'estimeit, -'estimət]vt. 对……评价过高；对……估计过高n. 估计过高；评价过高；出价过高vi. 评价过高；估计过高376, overlook [,əuvə'luk, 'əuvəluk]vt. 忽略；俯瞰；远眺；检查；高耸于…之上n. 忽视；眺望377, overlap [,əuvə'læp, 'əuvəlæp]n. 重叠；重复vi. 部分重叠；部分的同时发生vt. 与…重叠；与…同时发生378, peculiar [pi'kju:ljə]adj. 特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的n. 特权；特有财产379, resolution [,rezə'lu:ʃən, -,lju:-]n. [物] 分辨率；决议；解决；决心380, withdraw [wið'drɔ:, wiθ-]vt. 撤退；收回；撤消；拉开vi. 撤退；离开381, attribute [ə'tribju:t, 'ætribju:t]n. 属性；特质vt. 归属；把…归于382, authority [ɔ:'θɔrəti]n. 权威；权力；当局383, bunch ['bʌntʃ]n. 群；串；突出物vi. 隆起；打褶；形成一串vt. 使成一串；使打褶384, critical ['kritikəl]adj. 鉴定的；[核] 临界的；批评的，爱挑剔的；危险的；决定性的；评论的385, curious ['kjuəriəs]adj. 好奇的，有求知欲的；古怪的；爱挑剔的386, curriculum [kə'rikjuləm]n. 课程387, curl [kə:l]vt. 使…卷曲；使卷起来vi. 卷曲；盘绕n. 卷曲；卷发；螺旋状物388, curse [kə:s]n. 诅咒；咒骂vt. 诅咒；咒骂vi. 诅咒；咒骂389, curve [kə:v]n. 曲线；弯曲；曲线球；曲线图表vt. 使弯曲；弯vi. 成曲形adj. 弯曲的；曲线形的390, cushion ['kuʃən]n. 垫子；起缓解作用之物；（猪等的）臀肉；银行储蓄vt. 给…安上垫子；把…安置在垫子上；缓和…的冲击391, cute [kju:t]adj. 可爱的；聪明的，伶俐的；漂亮的392, dumb [dʌm]adj. 哑的，无说话能力的；不说话的，无声音的393, durable ['djuərəbl]adj. 耐用的，持久的n. 耐用品394, duration [djuə'reiʃən]n. 持续395, extract [ik'strækt, 'ekstrækt]vt. 摘录；提取；榨取；取出n. 摘录；榨出物；汁；选粹396, guardian ['ɡɑ:diən]n. [法] 监护人，保护人；守护者adj. 守护的397, guideline ['ɡaidlain]n. 指导方针398, irrigation [,iri'ɡeiʃən]n. 灌溉；[临床] 冲洗；冲洗法399, loyal ['lɔiəl]adj. 忠诚的，忠心的；忠贞的n. 效忠的臣民；忠实信徒400, pave [peiv]vt. 铺设；安排；作铺设之用401, resign [ri'zain]vt. 辞职；放弃；使听从；委托vi. 辞职n. 辞去职务402, seminar ['seminɑ:]n. 讨论会，研讨班403, symptom ['simptəm]n. [临床] 症状；征兆404, wisdom ['wizdəm]n. 智慧，才智；明智；至理名言；学识405, bump [bʌmp]n. 肿块，隆起物；撞击vi. 碰撞，撞击；颠簸而行vt. 碰，撞；颠簸adv. 突然地，猛烈地406, crack [kræk]vt. 使破裂；打开；变声vi. 破裂；爆裂n. 裂缝；声变；噼啪声adj. 最好的；高明的407, cradle ['kreidl]n. 摇篮；发源地；发祥地；支船架vt. 抚育；把...搁在支架上；把...放在摇篮内408, craft [krɑ:ft, kræft]n. 工艺；手艺；太空船vt. 精巧地制作409, creature ['kri:tʃə]n. 动物，生物；人；创造物410, drift [drift]n. 漂流，漂移；漂流物；趋势vi. 漂流，漂移；漂泊vt. 使…漂流；使…受风吹积411, drill [dril]n. 训练；钻孔机；钻子；播种机vi. 钻孔；训练vt. 钻孔；训练；条播412, drip [drip]vi. 滴下；充满；漏下n. 水滴，滴水声；[医]静脉滴注；使人厌烦的人vt. 使滴下；溢出，发出413, dual ['dju:əl]adj. 双的；双重的n. 双数；双数词414, extinct [ik'stiŋkt]adj. 灭绝的，绝种的；熄灭的vt. [古]使熄灭415, extinguish [ik'stiŋɡwiʃ]vt. 熄灭；压制；偿清416, frustrate [frʌs'treit]vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心vi. 失败；受挫adj. 无益的；挫败的417, investigate [in'vestiɡeit]v. 调查；研究418, lottery ['lɔtəri]n. 彩票；碰运气的事，难算计的事；抽彩给奖法419, outspoken [,aut'spəukən]adj. 坦率的，直言不讳的420, outstanding [,aut'stændiŋ]adj. 杰出的；显著的；未偿付的；未解决的n. 未偿贷款421, patron ['peitrən]n. 赞助人；保护人；主顾422, reservation [,rezə'veiʃən]n. 预约，预订；保留423, segregate ['seɡriɡit, -ɡeit]vt. 使隔离；使分离；在…实行种族隔离424, seize [si:z]vt. 抓住；夺取；理解；逮捕vi. 抓住；利用；（机器）卡住425, typical ['tipikəl]adj. 典型的；特有的；象征性的426, wholesome ['həulsəm]adj. 有益健康的；合乎卫生的；健全的；审慎的427, atmosphere ['ætmə,sfiə]n. 气氛；大气；空气428, bulk [bʌlk]n. 体积，容量；大块；大多数，大部分vt. 使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要429, cosmetic [kɔz'metik]adj. 美容的；化妆用的n. 化妆品；装饰品430, costume ['kɔstju:m, kɔ'stju:m]n. 服装，装束；戏装，剧装vt. 给…穿上服装431, cosy ['kəuzi]adj. 舒适的；惬意的n. 保温罩432, counter ['kauntə]n. 柜台；计数器，计算器；计算者adv. 相反地v. 反对；反击adj. 相反的433, doze [dəuz]vi. 打瞌睡；假寐vt. 打瞌睡度过n. 瞌睡434, draft [drɑ:ft, dræft]n. 草稿；汇票；草图；[篮球]选秀；vt. 起草，设计；为...打样435, drama ['drɑ:mə, dræmə]n. 戏剧，戏剧艺术；剧本；戏剧性事件436, dramatic [drə'mætik,-kəl]adj. 戏剧的；引人注目的；激动人心的437, guilty ['ɡilti]adj. 有罪的；内疚的438, invade [in'veid]vt. 侵略；侵袭；侵扰；涌入vi. 侵略；侵入；侵袭；侵犯439, outlook ['autluk, ,aut'luk]n. 展望；观点；景色vt. 比……好看；用目光压倒vi. 朝外看440, outnumber [,aut'nʌmbə]vt. 数目超过；比…多441, output ['autput, ,aut'put]n. 输出，输出量；产量；出产vt. 输出442, passive ['pæsiv]adj. 被动的，消极的；被动语态的n. 被动语态443, patent ['peitənt]vt. 取得…的专利权；授予专利adj. 专利的；新奇的；显然的n. 专利权；专利品；执照444, resemble [ri'zembl]vt. 类似，像445, secure [si'kjuə]adj. 安全的；无虑的；有把握的；稳当的vt. 保护；招致；缚住；弄到vi. 船抛锚；获得安全；停止工作446, seek [si:k]vt. 寻找；探索；寻求；搜索vi. 寻找；探索；搜索447, twilight ['twailait]n. 黎明，黄昏；薄暮；衰退期；朦胧状态adj. 暮年的；昏暗的，微明的448, astonishing [ə'stɔniʃiŋ]adj. 惊人的；令人惊讶的v. 使…惊讶；使…诧异（astonish的ing形式）449, astronaut ['æstrənɔ:t]n. 宇航员，航天员；太空旅行者450, bruise [bru:z]n. 擦伤；挫伤；青肿vt. 使受瘀伤；使受挫伤vi. 擦伤；受伤451, budget ['bʌdʒit]n. 预算，预算费vt. 安排，预定；把…编入预算vi. 编预算，做预算adj. 廉价的452, crucial ['kru:ʃəl]adj. 重要的；决定性的；定局的；决断的453, crush [krʌʃ]vt. 压碎；弄皱，变形；使…挤入vi. 挤；被压碎n. [俚]迷恋；粉碎；压榨；拥挤的人群454, crystal ['kristəl]n. 水晶；结晶，晶体；水晶饰品adj. 水晶的；透明的，清澈的455, cube [kju:b]n. 立方体；立方；骰子vt. 使成立方形；使自乘二次；量…的体积456, dominate ['dɔmineit]vt. 控制；支配；占优势；在…中占主要地位vi. 占优势；处于支配地位457, donate [dəu'neit, 'dəu-]vt. 捐赠；捐献vi. 捐赠；捐献n. 捐赠；捐献458, dormitory ['dɔ:mitəri]n. 宿舍，学生宿舍adj. 住宅区的459, downside ['daunsaid]n. 底侧；下降趋势adj. 底侧的。

100个雅思学术词汇1.Abstract - 摘要2.Analysis - 分析3.Argument - 论点4.Assessment - 评估5.Bias - 偏见6.Citation - 引用7.Cohort - 同组群体parison - 比较9.Conclusion - 结论10.C ontext - 上下文11.C riticism - 批评12.D ata - 数据13.D ebate - 辩论14.D eduction - 推论15.D efinition - 定义16.D emographic - 人口统计17.D escription - 描述18.D iscussion - 讨论19.D issertation - 论文20.D iversity - 多样性21.E conomy - 经济22.E ducation - 教育23.E lement - 元素24.E vidence - 证据25.E xemplification - 举例说明26.E xperiment - 实验27.E xploration - 探索28.F actor - 因素29.F inding - 发现30.F ramework - 框架31.G eneralization - 概括32.G lobalization - 全球化33.H ypothesis - 假设34.I llustration - 插图说明35.I mplication - 含义36.I ndex - 索引37.I ndicator - 指示器38.I nference - 推论39.I nstance - 实例40.I nterpretation - 解释41.I ntroduction - 介绍42.I ssue - 问题43.J ournal - 期刊44.K nowledge - 知识45.L anguage - 语言46.L egislation - 立法47.L imitation - 限制48.L iterature - 文献49.M ethodology - 方法论50.M odel - 模型51.O bservation - 观察52.O pinion - 意见53.P erspective - 观点54.P olicy - 政策55.P opulation - 人口56.P rinciple - 原理57.P roblem - 问题58.P rocedure - 程序59.Q uestionnaire - 问卷60.R atio - 比率61.R easoning - 推理62.R eference - 参考63.R elevance - 相关性64.R eliability - 可靠性65.R esearch - 研究66.R espondent - 应答者67.S ample - 样本68.S cholarship - 奖学金69.S cope - 范围70.S ource - 来源71.S pecies - 物种72.S tatistics - 统计73.S trategy - 策略74.S tructure - 结构75.S tudy - 研究76.S urvey - 调查77.S ynthesis - 综合78.T echnique - 技术79.T heory - 理论80.T opic - 主题81.T rend - 趋势82.T ype - 类型83.V alidity - 有效性84.V ariable - 变量85.V ersion - 版本86.V olume - 卷87.W riting - 写作88.A nalysis - 分析89.A rgumentative - 论证的90.S cientific - 科学的91.T echnological - 技术的92.E nvironmental - 环境的93.P sychological - 心理的94.S ociological - 社会学的95.A nthropological - 人类学的96.P olitical - 政治的97.E conomical - 经济的98.G eographical - 地理的99.H istorical - 历史的100.Philosophical - 哲学的这些词汇在雅思学术写作和阅读中经常出现，理解和掌握这些词汇对于提高雅思成绩是非常有帮助的。

随着经济的快速发展 提高人民的生活水平 先进的科学技术 面临新的机遇和挑战 人们普遍认为社会发展的必然结果 引起了广泛的公共关注 不可否认 热烈的讨论/争论'有争议性的问题 完全不同的观点 一些人•••.而另一些人… ，就我而言/就个人而言 ,就…达到绝对的一致 I，有充分的理由支持 I，双方的论点 ;发挥着日益重要的作用对…必不可少'正如言语所说20…也不例外对…产生有利/不利的影响exertpositive/ negative effects on…the advantages far outweigh the disadvantages lead to/give rise to/ contribute to/ result in a complicated socialphenomenon sense of responsibility/ sense of achievement sense of competition and cooperation widen one's horizon/ broaden on& vision acquire knowledge and skills financial burden/ psychological burden take many factors into account/ consideration from another perspective make joint efforts be beneficial/ conductive to … make contributions to the society lay a solid foundationfor … comprehensive qualityblameless/ beyond reproach beyond imagination/unimaginable1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 3334 35 36 37 38 with the rapid development of economy improve people ' s living standard advanced science and technology be faced with new opportunities and challenges it iscommonly believed/ recognized that ••the inevitable result of social developmentarouse wide public concern/ draw public attention it is undeniable that ••-/ there is no denying that a heated discussion/ debate a controversial issuea totally different argumentsome people ••- while others ••as far as I amconcerned/ personallyreach an absolute consensus on- be supported by sound reasons argument on both sides play an increasingly important role in be indispensable to as the proverb goes ••-. be no exception利远远大丁弊 导致，引起 复杂的社会现象 责任感/成就感 竞争与合作精神 开阔眼界 学习知识和技能 经济/心理负担 考虑到诸多因素 从另一个角度 做出共同努力 对…有益 为社会做贡献 打下坚实的基础 综合素质 无可非议 无法想象be committed/ devoted to •••. admittedly unshakable dutysatisfy/ meet the needs of •-. a reliable source of information valuable natural resources the I nternetconvenient and efficient in all aspects of human life environmentally friendly a symbol of society progress the ever-accelerated updating of science and technology hold different attitudes towards this issue people/ those in favor of the former/ latter opinion have/ provide the following reasons/ evidence to some extent/ degree/ in some way integrate theory with practice an irresistible trend of … an increasingly fierce social competition immediate interest/ short-term interest interest in the long run ••- has its merits and demerits/ advantages and disadvantages Exploit to the full one's favorable conditions and avoid unfavorable ones take the essence and discard the dregs do harm to/ be harmful to/ be detrimental to exchange ideas/ emotions/ information keep pace with/ catch up with/ keep abreastw ith the latest development of… Take effective measures to do sth the healthy development of • •. Every coin has its two sides. No garden without weeds. Views on…vary from person to person attach great importance to ••. social status 把时间和经历放在 …上 focus time and energy on… 扩大知识面 expand one s scope of knowledge39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 616263 64 6566 67 6869 70 71 72 73 致力丁/投身丁应当承认不可推卸的义务 满足需求可靠的信息源宝贵的自然资源 网络 方便快捷在人类生活的方面面 环保的 社会进步的体现 科技的飞速更新 对这一问题持有不同态度 支持前/后种观点的人 有/提供如下理由/证据 在一定程度上 理论与实践相结合 …必然趋势 日益激烈的社会竞争 眼前利益长远利益…有其自身的优缺点扬长避短取其精髓，去其糟粕 对…有害 交流思想/情感/信息跟上…的最新发展采取有效措施来…. …的健康发展有利有弊对…观点因人而异重视社会地位both physically and mentally be directly/ indirectly related to ••set forth a compromise proposal believe, claim, maintain, argue, insist, hold the opinion/ belief that relieve stress/ burden give (top) priority to sth compared with •••/ in comparison with in/ by contrast; on the contrary replace/ substitute/ take the place of cannot bear closer analysis offer job opportunities mirror of social progress undoubtedly/ there is no doubt that enhance/ promote mutual understanding make full use of/ make the most use of suffer from heavier work pressure guarantee the stability and prosperity of our society put more emphasis on ・•. adapt oneself to the development of society realize one's dream/ make on<s dream come true The main reasons are listed as follows: at first, firstly, to begin with secondly, in the second place besides, in addition, additionally, moreover, furthermore finally, last but not the least, above all, lastly all in all, to sum up, in summary, in a word we still have a long way to go 74身心两方面75有直接/间接关系 76提出折中建议 77可取代think 的词 78缓解压力/减轻负担 79优先考虑/发展… 80与…比较81相反82代替83经不起推敲84提供就业机会 85社会进步的反映 86毫无疑问87增进相互了解 88充分利用89承受更大的工作压力 90保障社会的稳定和繁荣 91更多地强调92适应社会发展 93实现梦想94主要的理由列举如下 95首先96其次97再次98最后99总而言之100我们还有很长的路要走。

雅思写作6分必备的词汇（一）TASK-2雅思写作6分必背的100个常用意群词汇1．持某观点: claim ( contend, deem, reckon, assert, share the belief that )2．支持某观点: advocate (maintain vote for side with be in favor of )3．反对某观点: contradict (criticize be against cast doubts on )4.合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing, persuasive, rational, practicable, logical,wise, sagacious, viable, preferable, advisable, appropriate, hold water bear much analysis)5.好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive side, upside, boon, pros)6.弊端：disadvantage( defect, demerit, negative side, downside, flaw, drawback, bane,cons)7.肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that)8.不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)9.重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable)10.有益的：beneficial （conducive instrumental ）11.有害的：detrimental （harmful virulent）12.有争议的：controversial (disputable, contentious)13.普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal)14.显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably, dramatically, tremendously,substantially)15.明显的：evident (apparent, manifest)16. 增强：enhance (strengthen，boost)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势：trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见：predict （expect, project）21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to)22. 产生，引起create （spark ; yield;; give rise to）23. 建立establish （found, institute）24. 要求call for （request，demand）25. 去除eliminate（remove, eradicate）26. 探讨explore (examine, identify)27. 表明，描绘indicate (depict, portray, illustrate)28. 满足…需求meet the need of ( satisfy the requirement of, cater for the demand of)29. 足够adequate （enough; sufficient）30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识awareness(consciousness)32. 控制curb ( regulate, censor)33. 解释：account for （be responsible for, be attributed to）34. 投资finance (invest in, subsidize)35. 缓解relieve ( ease, alleviate)36. 压力stress ( pressure, strain)37. 遵循observe (follow, conform to)38. 继承inherit (hand down，carry forward)39. 培养cultivate （train, foster）40. 促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41. 适应adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42. 提供provide (render, afford)43. 替代replace (substitute, take the place of)44. 保护preserve (protect，safeguard)45. 证据evidence (proof)46. 赢得gain (acquire, attain)47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48. 重视attach importance to (emphasis, highlight)49. 发展advance (development, progress)50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51. 吸引attract (allure, tempt)52. 专注的be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to)53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54. 实现achieve (fulfill, implement)55. 危害endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56. 损害undermine (impair, damage)57. 阻碍hinder (obstruct, impede)58. 禁止forbid (ban, prohibit)59. 责备blame( denounce, criticize)60. 污染pollute (contaminate, stain)61. 腐蚀erode(wear away, corrode)62. 欺骗deceive (cheat, defraud)63. 冲突conflict ( shock, tension)64. 驱使prompt (spur, incite)65.贪婪的acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic)66.自私的self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)67.体谅的considerate (understanding, sympathetic)68.冷漠的indifferent (apathetic, aloof)69.奢侈的wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)70.残忍的inhumane(brutal, barbaric)71.绝望的hopeless（despairing, desperate）72.过分的excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)73.激烈的intense (fierce, vigorous)74.严厉的stringent (rigorous, rigid)75.与…相关be related to( be associated with, be linked to)76.难以置信的unbelievable(incredulous, virtual)77.惊人的extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular)78.有抱负的ambitious（aggressive, aspirant）79.固有的inherent（nature, innate）80.稳定的steady (stable, constant)81.恶化worsen (aggravate, deteriorate)82.夸大exaggerate ( overstate)83.限制restrain (constrain, confine)84.拆除tear down（knock down, pull down）85.加速accelerate (speed up, precipitate)86.占优势predominate (dominate)87.分辨distinguish (differentiate, discern)88.抵消counteract (offset, cancel out)89.开展launch (conduct, carry out)90.承担assume (shoulder, accept)91.颁布, 制定enact (enforce, promulgate,map out )92.影响influence(impact，pervade)93.差异difference (distinction, gap)94.交流communicate(exchange, associate)95.接触have access to （make contact with, keep in touch with）96.优先give priority to (put…into first place)97.节约economize ( conserve, cherish)98.面临be faced with (be confronted with)99.措施measure (step, action)100.注意beware ( prevent, guard against)（二）雅思写作TASK-2常见的十大话题及200个相关分类词汇一．教育(education)学校教育schooling家庭教育upbringing (parenting)远程教育tele-education素质教育quality-oriented education小（中、大）学教育primary(secondary, tertiary) education男女同校co-education(segregated education)获取知识acquire knowledge传授知识impart( inculcate) knowledge灌输高尚的道德观instill high moral values教学方法teaching method学习成绩academic performance受过良好教育well-educated学科discipline专业知识expertise死记硬背learn things by rote创造力creativity塑造性格shape(mould) one’s character学生的反馈student s’ feedback(input)评价老师的教学evaluate teachers’ performance理论知识theoretical knowledge二．现代科技和大众媒体(modern science and mass media)信息时代information age(era)不断进步的技术advancing technology跟上科学的发展keep ahead of scientific advances获取最新的信息acquire the latest messages做些厌倦和复杂的工作do some tiring(drudgery)and complicated work 大众媒体mass media信息量大的informative缺乏感情交流be lack of emotional exchanges新闻报道coverage了解国内外发生的一切learn what is happening at home and abroad收视率audience ratings有教育意义的instructive接触不良信息have access to (be exposed to )some negative information 有误导性的misleading(misrepresented, distorted)虚假广告false (cheating) advertising掩盖真相mask (cover up, gloss up, whitewash)the truth名人celebrities丑闻scandal侵犯隐私violate(invade, infringe on, intrude on)one’s privacy道德准则code of ethics(conduct)三、全球化及影响(globalisation and its effect)经济全球化economic globalisation文化同一性cultural uniformity文化多元化cultural diversity文化冲击cultural shock主流文化dominant culture促进文化的融合promote cultural integration融入新的文化merge into new culture融入国际贸易participate in the world trade相互认同mutual acceptance双赢局面win-win situation接受不同的文化和价值观embrace different cultures and values开拓全球市场explore the global market扩大出口expand export吸引外资attract foreign capital面对面交流face-to-face communication友好和好客be friendly and hospitable变得西方化become westernised加大贫富差距widen the gap between the rich and the poor对国内企业构成威胁pose threats to domestic enterprises激怒当地人irritate local people四、文化与习俗` (culture and customs)跨文化交流cross-cultural communication传统文化traditional culture文化同化cultural assimilation文化遗产cultural heritage文化习俗的象征symbol of cultural customs接受外来文化embrace exotic culture缩短文化差距bridge cultural gaps民族特性national identity民族自豪感 a sense of national pride归属感 a sense of belonging相互交流文化exchange mutual culture吸取精华，去其糟粕absorb the essence and discard the dross旅游观光的风景区tourist attraction风土人情local customs and practices促进当地经济的发展boost the growth of local economy和平共处coexist in harmony消除偏见和敌意dispel(remove) prejudice and hostility展示光辉灿烂的文化和悠久的历史display the brilliant culture and long history 本土语言indigenous language不知不觉地消失fade unconsciously五．政府话题(government)有关当局authorities concerned政府投资investment of the government减少预算cut budget增加税收increase revenues消减开支curtail expenditure on经济援助financial assistance符合公众利益be in keeping(line) with general interest社会福利social welfare武器arms(weapons, armaments)基础设施infrastructure空间探索space exploration提高国际地位upgrade the international status人道主义援助humanitarian aid摆脱贫困get rid of (shake off)poverty医疗保健health care system健康的生活方式healthy lifestyle公共交通public transport丰富人们的精神生活enrich people’s spiritual life高尚的精神追求lofty spiritual pursuit视觉享受visual enjoyment六、犯罪话题(crime)犯罪分子criminal犯罪commit a crime滋生犯罪breed crimes青少年犯罪率上升a rising juvenile delinquency rate有罪be guilty of社会安全和稳定social security and stability暴力和色情violence and pornography抵挡不住诱惑fail to resist the lure误入歧途go astray (lead somebody astray)惩罚give punishment关进监狱put into prison宠爱孩子spoil the child家长的溺爱parental permissiveness (excessive care)单亲家庭single-parent family家庭暴力domestic violence缺乏家庭关爱the lack of parental love监护人guardian (supervisor, custodian)监管不严slack supervision分辨是非distinguish right from wrong净化社会环境purify the social environment七、动物话题(animal)栖息地habitat保持生态平衡maintain the ecological balance保护濒危的动物物种preserve endangered animal species营养物nutrient(nourishment)均衡饮食a balanced diet拿动物做实验perform experiments on animals (subject animals to experimentation)活体解剖vivisection逃脱不了被残杀的厄运cannot escape the adversity of being killed剥夺动物的生存权利deprive the survival(existent) rights of animals染上传染病contract (catch)some infectious disease电脑模拟computer simulation破坏自然环境（平衡）destroy(disrupt) natural environment (balance)濒临灭绝border on extinction，be in imminent danger of extinction(dying out), be on the verge of extinction满足人们的胃口satisfy people’s appetite素食主义者vegetarian，antivivisectionist陪伴某人keep somebody company忠实和温顺的伴侣loyal and obedient companion消除孤独dispel (reduce)one’s loneliness孩子的替代surrogate(substitute)for children预防接种inoculation八、环境保护(environmental protection)环境污染environmental pollution污染严重highly polluted有毒的烟雾poisonous smoke废气（液）waste gas(liquid)二氧化碳carbon dioxide倒垃圾dump rubbish乱扔垃圾litter rubbish everywhere浪费自然资源squander natural resource不卫生的做法unsanitary practice无污染的燃料pollution-free fuel回收垃圾recycle rubbish垃圾的处理disposal of rubbish自然进化过程a natural evolutionary process适者生存survival of the fittest毁林deforestation不可弥补的损失irreparable damage生态灾祸ecological disaster自然选择natural selection水资源缺乏water shortage, the scarcity of water resource in need of water water waste ( resources, pollution)节约用水save (economise)water九、平等(inequality)1．男女平等gender equality (equality between the sexes)男女生来就平等men and woman are born equal男女搭配，干活不累when men and woman work together, neither of them will feel tired性别（公开）歧视sexual (overt)discrimination离婚率divorce rate经济独立be financially independent享受平等的权利enjoy(share) equal rights女性擅长护理，艺术和语言show more talents than men in nursing, arts and language There is no need for them to get super well-groomed追求事业pursue a career具有同样资格be equally qualified与男性享有同样的权利share the same right as men特权privilege自尊self-respect(esteem)为妇女保留高水平工作比例reserve a percentage of high-level jobs for females2．工资平等高工资high salary differential between salaries拥有财富的量owe the amount of monetary wealth对做出很大贡献make great contributions to付出更多的努力exert more efforts than创造财富create wealth评价社会地位value social status十、社会生活(social life)人才流动personnel flow雄心壮志的be ambitious(aspirant)展示才能display one’s talent学会竞争与合作learn to compete and cooperate人际交往技能interpersonal skills具有挑战性的工作a challenging job收入颇丰a fat salary丰富一个人的社会经历enrich one’s social experience展示一个人的才能display one’s talent提高某人能力improve one’s capabilities下岗lay off城市扩张urban sprawl涌进大城市flood into large cities监控摄像头surveillance camera缓解交通压力ease the traffic pressure人口激增population explosion第三产业tertiary industry更好的医疗服务better medical services保持身体健康keep physical fitness积极参加体育锻炼be physically active(take an active part in physical exercises)（三）、雅思写作“十大句式”一、否定句1、Instead of indulging in playing computer games, children should be taught howto benefit from useful information on the internet. 应该教孩子们如何从互联网获取有益的信息，而不是沉溺于玩电脑游戏。