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(完整版)人教版英语选修七Unit2Robots知识点及语法归纳

(完整版)人教版英语选修七Unit2Robots知识点及语法归纳
(完整版)人教版英语选修七Unit2Robots知识点及语法归纳

核心单词

1.desire n. 渴望vt. 想要

常用结构:desire sth. 渴望得到某物

desire to do sth. 希望/渴望做某事

desire that sb. (should) do 要求……

have a desire for sth./to do sth. 渴望得到某物/希望做某事

at one’s desire 照某人的希望

We all desire happiness and health.我们都希望幸福健康。

Everyone has a desire for success, but not everyone desires to get rich.

每个人都渴望成功,但并非人人都渴望金钱。

He desires you to go to see him at once. =He desires that you should go to see him at once.

他要求你马上去见他。

翻译句子(原创)

①他想接受大学教育。

②他们要我快点回来。

③我请他立即回信。

④她要你立即见她。

⑤她应邀演奏了一曲。

解析:①He desired a college education.

②They desire me to return soon.

③I desire an immediate answer of his.

④She desires that you (should) see her at once.

⑤She played a piece at others’desire/by desire.

2.alarm n.警报vt.使……惊恐

We were much alarmed by the fire in the forest. 森林失火使我们大为惊慌。

常用结构:give /raise the alarm 发警报

ring the alarm 敲警钟

sound the alarm 发警报; 吹警报号

take (the) alarm at 对……感到吃惊; 因……而惊恐

be alarmed at ... 被……吓一跳

As soon as he saw the smoke, he sounded the alarm. 一看见烟雾,他就鸣响了警报。

翻译句子

①看到孩子们在返校时遭遇车祸的消息,家长们很害怕。

②看到大火,社区的居民发出警报。

答案:①The parents took (the) alarm at the news that their children caught a traffic accident when returning the school.

②The residents in the community raised the alarm when seeing the great fire.

3.accompany vt. 陪伴

常用结构:accompany sb. to a place 陪伴某人去某地

accompany sth. with/by sth. 与……同时存在

He accompanied his old father to the hospital to see what’s wrong with his stomach. 他陪他的老父亲去医院查看胃部出了什么问题。

Thunders accompanied by heavy rain in this season are very common.

这个季节,雷鸣常常伴有大雨。

翻译句子

①总统出现了,被六个健壮的保镖护随着。

②回到家乡,他的老同学们陪着他参观了这个城市。

答案:①The president appeared and was accompanied by six strong bodyguards.

②When returning hometown, he was shown around the city accompanied by his old classmates.

4.envy n.& vt. 妒忌;羡慕

常用结构:envy sb. doing/for sth. 忌妒或羡慕某人做某事

with envy 羡慕地;忌妒地

be the envy of 是令人羡慕/忌妒的事物

out of envy 出于妒忌

I envy you having such a good friend! 我羡慕你有这么一位好朋友!

They looked at her new car with envy. 他们羡慕地看着她的新车。

He was filled with envy of me at my success. 他十分羡慕我的成功。

They only say such unkind things about you out of envy. 他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。联想拓展

envious adj. 羡慕的;妒忌的

be envious of 妒忌……;羡慕……

翻译句子

①她出于忌妒说了关于你的这些话。

②汤姆妒忌他哥哥事业上的成功。

答案:①She said these words about you out of envy.

②Tom was envious of his brother’s success in business.

重点短语

5. reach for 伸手碰到/去拿/够到……

He reached for his gun when he heard the enemy’s sound.

当他听到敌人的声音时就伸手去拿自己的枪。

He reached into his pocket for his keys.

他把手伸到口袋里找钥匙。

联想拓展

reach to 达到;触到

within/out of/beyond one’s reach 在某人伸手可及/够不到的距离

单项填空

I keep medicines on the top shelf, out of the children’s_______.(2010·01·江苏徐州检测)A. reach B. hand C. hold D. place

解析:选A。考查固定搭配。out of one’s reach意为“在某人伸手够不到的距离”;符合句意“孩子够不着”。

6. test out 考验;试验

This model had been tested out before it was put into production.

这个型号经过试验后才进行大批量生产。

Before the lecture, the professor is used to testing out the whole experiment.

上课前,这个教授习惯先将整个实验试验一番。

联想拓展

test on sb./sth. 在……(身上)做实验/试验

have/take a test in 参加……考试

翻译句子

①成千上万的人们将参加这周日的公务员考试。

②那个咨询顾问总是先将新的政策在他自己的公司里进行实验。

答案:

①Tens of thousands of people will take an entrance test for government officers this Sunday.

②The consultant always testing the new policy on his own company first.

7. ring up 打电话给……

On arriving at the airport, he rang up his mother to say everything was OK.

一到达机场,他就打电话给母亲报平安。

联想拓展

ring back 回电话

ring off 挂断电话;停止讲话

ring a bell 唤醒(经常是模糊的记忆)

ring up the curtain 开始(一场演出,一个事件或一次行动)

I have to ring off now because my friend is waiting for me.

我朋友在等我,我得挂电话了。

翻译句子

①今早他刚起床就有人给他打电话了。

③见到老板进来,他赶紧挂断电话假装在工作。

答案:①The moment he got up this morning, someone rang him up.

②Seeing his boss coming, he hurried to ring off and pretended to be working.

8. leave ...alone 不打扰

Leave him alone and he will produce. 别打扰他,他会写出来的。

You shouldn’t have left Andy alone in the mountains, it was very dangerous.

你不该将安迪一个人留在山上,因为那样非常危险。

联想拓展

leave behind 留下,遗留

leave aside (把某事)搁置一边

leave for 出发前往

leave out 省去;遗漏;不考虑

He was asked to leave for another city in 24 hours.

他被要求24小时内离开到另一个城市去。

The teacher required us to leave out some unnecessary words in our essays.

老师让我们将论文中一些不必要的词语省去。

翻译句子

①老板携款潜逃了,只留下一间空厂房。

②听到警报,警察丢下家人冲出去看发生了什么事。

答案:

①The boss escaped with all his fortune and left an empty factory behind.

②Hearing the alarm, the policeman left his family behind and rushed out to see what happened.

9. set aside 将……放到一边;节省或保留(钱或时间);暂时不考虑

He set all offers aside. 所有的提议他都置之不理。

联想拓展

set down 记下,写下

set off 动身;爆炸

set out 出发;开始做……

set up 创立,建立;竖起

He set off for work. 他动身去上班。

单项填空Try to ______at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary. (2010·01·山东烟台检测)A. set off B. set out C. set aside D. set down

解析:选C。句意为:争取每天至少抽出1小时时间学习新词汇。

set aside为某种目的留出、拨出(金钱、时间)等,符合句意。

10. turn around 转向

He heard a voice but when he turned around, he saw nobody.

他听到一个声音,但转身却没发现有人。

As he walked towards the hotel, he suddenly turned around and found an old lady following him. 当他朝旅馆走去时,突然转身发现一个老妇人跟着他。

联想拓展

turn away 把(脸)转过去

turn against 背叛;反抗

turn on/off 打开/关掉

turn up 出现;调大(音量)

turn down 拒绝;调小(音量)

turn out 结果是;证明是

翻译句子

①那个年轻的女士无法想像要是她的丈夫背叛她的话会是怎么样。

②虽然贫穷,但是女孩毅然地拒绝了别人的帮助。

答案:

①The young lady can’t imagine what if her husband turns against her.

②Though poor, the girl turned down others’help firmly.

重点句型

11. Claire didn’t want the robot in her house, especially as her husband would be absent for three weeks, but Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her to be harmed.

克莱尔并不想把机器人留在家里,特别是在她丈夫离别三周的这个期间。但是,克莱尔被拉里说服了。他说,机器人不会伤害她,也不会让别人来伤害她。

to be harmed为动词不定式的被动语态。

All these gifts must be mailed immediately so as to be received in time for Christmas.

所有的这些礼物必须马上邮寄,以便在圣诞节时及时收到。

It remains to be seen whether Jim’ll be fit enough to play in the finals.

吉姆最后是否适合演出仍将拭目以待。

翻译句子

①小汤姆假装被射中了哭喊着要糖吃。

②此药得一日三次,饭后服用。

答案:

①Little Tom pretended to be shot and cried for a candy.

②The medicine is required to be taken three times a day after meals.

12. As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern.

当她转过身时,(她发现)Gladys站在那儿。

there stood Gladys Claffern为倒装句。在谓语为动词go, come, run, stand, live等表示位置转移的动词及be动词的句子中,为了强调句子中一些副词there, here, up, down, in, out, away等,可将副词置于句首,若这时主语是名词,句子用全倒装;若是代词,则不用倒装。

There comes the teacher and her students. 老师和她的学生们来了。

Out rushed the boys.男孩们冲了出去。

翻译句子

①年轻的母亲抱着怀里两个月大的婴儿跑开了。(用倒装结构)

②生气的老板和他的秘书走了进来。

答案:

①Away ran the young mother with a two-month-old baby in her arms.

②In came the angry boss and his secretary.

Period 3 Grammar

Teaching aims

1Revise the passive voice(including the infinitive) and know the exact meaning of the structure. 2Be able to use the useful words expressions and structures correctly.

Teaching procedures

Step 1 Revision

Ask students to answer the following questions without referring to the textbook.

1What was going to be tested out by Larry's wife Claire?

2How did Larry Belmont finally persuade his wife to accept the experiment?

3How did Claire feel when she was offered sympathy by a robot?

4What did Tony expect to do about the house before he was to leave and Larry was to return?

5How did Claire feel when she was envied by those women?

6What happened to Tony at last?

Suggested answers

1The robot was going to be tested out by Larry's wife Claire.

2Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed.

3She thought it was ridiculous to be offered sympathy by a robot.

4Tony expected the house to be completely transformed.

5She felt it a sweet victory to be envied by those women.

6Tony had to be rebuilt.

Step 2 Grammar learning

1不定式的被动形式

当不定式与逻辑主语之间是被动关系时即不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示动作的承受者不定式一般要用被动形式。其被动式可以分为两种一般式和完成式。

(1)一般式to be done表示不定式动作在谓语动词之后或者同时发生。

It is a great honor_to_be_invited_to speak here. 很荣幸被邀请在这里讲话。

The novel is said_to_be_published_next month. 据说这本小说下月要出版。

(2)完成式to have been done表示不定式动作发生在谓语动词之前。

The book is said to_have_been_translated_into six languages.

这本书据说已经被翻译成六种语言。

The boss preferred_to_have_been_given_more work to do.

老板宁愿被分给更多的工作做。

被动一般式to be done 完成式to have been done

2.不定式被动形式的作用

(1)作主语

It's an honor to_be_invited to the ceremony.

很荣幸被邀请赴宴。

It's a pity to_be_kept in the house in such fine weather.

在这样好的天气被关在家里真是遗憾。

(2)作表语

The letter is_to_be_sent_by airmail. 这封信笺要空邮。

(3)作宾语

She didn't like to_be_treated as a child.

她不喜欢被当成孩子。

The boy asked to_be_given an opportunity to try again.

那男孩要求给他再试一次的机会。

(4)作宾语补足语

I'd like my bedroom to_be_cleaned. 我想整理一下我的卧室。

(5)作定语

He was the last one_to_be_asked to speak at the meeting.

他是最后一个在会上被邀请发言的人。

(6)作状语

His mother left the small village never_to_be_seen again.

他母亲离开了那个小山村再也没有人见过她。

3不定式有些要注意的地方

(1)感官动词和一些使役动词的不定式的主动形式要省去to但在变成被动语态后需要加

上to能这样用的动词或动词词组有make have let see hear notice listen

to watch等。

如 We often see him act like that.He is often seen to act like that. 我们常常看到他那样做。

(2)在can't help but have nothing to do but结构中介词but后的不定式省去to。

如 I can't_help_but suspect his motive. 我不禁怀疑起他的动机。

I have_nothing_to_do_but_watch TV. 我没什么事情可做除了看电视。

(3)不定式有时要用主动形式表示被动意义

①形容词以及含有形容词的名词后的不定式一般用主动形式表示被动意义其中形容词常见的有easy difficult important impossible等。

如 The work is impossible_to_finish in two days. 工作不可能两天之内完成。

English is not so easy_to_learn. 英语并不好学。

③一些固定用法如“挨骂受责备受批评”用be to blame

“(东西等)出租”用to let。

He is to blame for what he has done. 他应为他所做的受责备。

The house is to let.房子要出租。

Step 3 Exercises

1The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang who was reported ______ the world record in the 110meter hurdle race.

A breaking

B having broken

C to have broken

D to break

2I like getting up very early in summer.The morning air is so good ______.

A to be breathed

B to breathe

C breathing

D being breathed

3______ the project as planned we'll have to work two more hours a day.

A Completing

B Complete

C Completed

D To complete

4Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.

A to see

B to be seen

C seeing

D seen

5I hurried to the meeting hall only______ that the meeting had been put off.

A to tell

B to be told

C telling

D told

6Do let your mother know all the truth she appears______ everything.

A to tell

B to be told

C to be telling

D to have been told

7Little Tom should love______ to the theater this evening.

A to be taken

B to take

C being taken

D taking

8It is said that plastics can be used to______ many things.Now people are used to______ plastics products.

A make using

B making using

C making use

D make use

9With a lot of problems______the newly elected president is having a hard time.

A settled

B settling

C to settle

D being settled

Keys1 5 CBDBB 69 DAAC

Step 4 Drilling

Ask students to do Exercise 1 on Page 14 and then check the answers together.

Keys Exercise 1 be tested out be harmed be offered was amazed was not allowed be discovered be completely transformed were impressed be envied be rebuilt Ask students to do Exercise 2 and then check the answers together.

Keys Exercise 2 1to be designed 2.to be rebuilt 3.to be accompanied 4.to be known as 5.to be filled with 6.to be tested out 7.to be envied 8.to be set aside

Step 5 Using the passive infinitive Translate the following sentences into English using the passive infinitive.

1那本关于《圣经》的书需要在这个周末之前还给图书馆。

2下周末前这个旧扶手椅将由一个沙发代替。

3不要着急你有足够的时间把那个传真发到你的公司。

4你同妻子离婚的决定必须要得到她的同意。

5刚刚出了一起事故不过没有必要惊慌没有人受伤。

6虽然她考得不错但是她预料父母还是会对考试的结果感到失望。

7当在医院进行大手术的时候她得到了家人的关爱和支持为此她感到非常高兴。

8他为自己被宣布成为智力竞赛冠军得主的事感到十分兴奋。

9他把他们已经得到的2000元与将提供的1500元加在一起总共3500元。

10没有主力队员的参与他们一定会在即将到来的比赛中被打败。

Suggested answers

1That book on the Holy Bible needs to be returned to the library by/before the end of the week. 2That old armchair is to be replaced by a sofa next week.

3Don't worry—you still have plenty of time for that fax to be sent to your company.

4Your decision to divorce your wife has to be made with her agreement.

5There has been an accident but there is no need to be alarmed.Nobody has been hurt.

6Although she had done well she expected her parents to be disappointed by her exam results. 7She was happy to be supported by the affection of her family when she had a serious operation in hospital.

8He was so excited to be declared the winner of the talent competition.

9He added the 2000 yuan they had received to the 1500 yuan to be offered making 3500 yuan in all.

10Without their key/leading player they're bound to be beaten in the coming competition. Step 6 Homework Finish off Exercises 1 and 2 on Page 56.

最新人教版七年级下册英语语法重点

一. 情态动词can的用法 can+动词原形,它不随主语的人称和数而变化。 1. 含有can的肯定句:主语+can+谓语动词的原形+其他。 2. 含有can的否定句:主语+can't+动词的原形+其他。 3. 变一般疑问句时,把can提前:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答:Yes,主语+can。否定回答:No,主语+can't. 4. 含有can的特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他? I can speak English.→I can't speak English.→Can you speak English? →What can you speak? 二. what time和when引导的特殊疑问句 1. 询问钟点时用what time,询问日期、月份、年份时用when。 2. What's the time?=What time is it?现在几点了? 3. 时刻表达法:顺读法和逆读法。 顺读法:“钟点+分钟”直接读数字。 如:7: 05 seven five;8:16 eight sixteen 逆读法:借助介词past或to表示,要先说分再说钟点。 a. 当分钟不超过30分钟时(包括30分钟),即<或=30,用past表示。其结构为:“分钟+past+整点”意为“几点过几分”。 如:1:25 twenty-five past one b. 当超过30分钟时,即>30,用to表示。其结构为:“所差分钟(即60—所过分钟数)+to+下一个整点”,to译成“差”,差几分钟到几点。 如:4:38 twenty-two to five c. 当分钟为30分钟用half表示,当分钟为15分钟用a quarter。 三. how引导的特殊疑问句 1. how 引导的特殊疑问句提问交通方式,其答语分三种情况: a. take a/an/the+交通工具(单数) b. by+交通工具(单数) c. on/in+限定词+交通工具

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你会游泳吗 是的,我会。/ 不,我不会。 他会下国际象棋吗 是的,他会。/ 不,他不会。 你和Tom会下国际象棋吗 是的,我们会。/ 不,我们不会。 Unit 2 Grammar Focus 你通常几点起床 我通常六点半起床。 他们几点穿衣服 他们总是在七点二十分穿衣服。 Rick几点吃早餐 他七点吃早餐。 Scott什么时候去上班 他总是十一点去上班。他从不迟到。 你的朋友们什么时候锻炼 他们通常在周末锻炼。 Unit 3 Grammar Focus 你怎样去上学 我骑自行车。 她怎样去上学 她通常乘公共汽车。 到学校要花多长时间 大约要花15分钟。 从你家到学校有多远 只有约2公里。 简是步行去上学吗 不,她不是。她骑自行车。 他们乘公共汽车上学吗 不,他们不是。他们步行。 Unit 4 Grammar Focus 不要在走廊里跑。 不要打架。 规则是什么 我们必须准时上课。 我们可以在教室吃东西吗 不,我们不可以,但我们可以在餐厅吃。我们可以在课堂上戴帽子吗 是的,我们可以。/ 不,我们不可以。他在学校必须穿校服吗 是的,他必须穿。/ 不,他不必穿。 你们必须做什么 我们在图书馆必须保持安静。

你为什么喜欢熊猫 因为它们有点儿有趣。 约翰为什么喜欢考拉 因为它们非常可爱。 你为什么不喜欢老虎 因为它们真的很吓人。 狮子来自哪里 它们来自南非。 Unit 6 Grammar Focus 你正在做什么 我正在看电视。 她正在做什么 她正在洗衣服。 他们正在做什么 他们正在听CD。 你正在做作业吗 是的,我正在做。/ 不,我没有,我正在打扫房间。他正在看报纸吗 是的,他正在看。/ 不,他没看,他正在打篮球。 他们正在使用电脑吗 是的,他们在用。/ 不,他们没有,他们正在锻炼。Unit 7 Grammar Focus 天气怎么样 多云。/ 阳光明媚。/ 正在下雨。 你正在做什么 我正在做饭。 他们正在做什么 他们正在公园里打篮球。 他正在做什么 他正在朋友家学习。 一切都好吗 好极了!/ 还不错。/ 糟透了! Unit 8 Grammar Focus 这儿附近有银行吗 是的,有。它在中心街上。 这儿附近有餐馆吗 是的,邮局前面有一家。 旅馆在哪儿 它在警察局后面。 银行在哪儿 它紧挨着邮局。 公园在哪儿 它在银行对面,旅馆的后面。

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新人教版七年级英语下册知识点全总结 Unit1 Can you play the guitar? ◆短语归纳 1. play chess 下国际象棋 2. play the guitar 弹吉他 3. speak English 说英语 4. English club 英语俱乐部 5. talk to 跟…说 6. play the violin 拉小提琴 7. play the piano 弹钢琴 8. play the drums 敲鼓 9. make friends 结交朋友 10. do kung fu 练(中国) 功夫 11. tell stories 讲故事 12. play games 做游戏 13. on the weekend/on weekends 在周末 ◆用法集萃 1. play +棋类/球类下…棋/打…球 2. play the +西洋乐器弹/拉…乐器 3. be good at doing sth.= do well in doing sth. 擅长做某事 4. be good with sb. 和某人相处地好

5. need sb. to do sth. 需要某人做某事 6. can + 动词原形能/会做某事 7. a little + 不可数名词一点儿… 加入…俱乐部 8. join the…club 9. like to do sth. =love to do sth. 喜欢/喜爱做某事 ◆典句必背 1. —Can you draw? 你会画画吗? 是的,我会。/不,我不会。 —Yes, I can./No, I can’t. 2. —What club do you want to join? 你想加入哪个俱乐部? —I want to join the chess club. 我想加入国际象棋俱乐部。 3. You can join the English club. 你可以加入英语俱乐部。 4. Sounds good./That sounds good. 听上去很好。 5. I can speak English and I can also play soccer. 我会说英语也会踢足球。 6. Please call Mrs. Miller at 555-3721. 请给米勒夫人拨打电话555-3721。 ◆话题写作 主题:介绍自己特长/强项 Dear Sir, I want to join your organization (组织) to help kids with sports, music and English.

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习题 选择 1The summer holidays are ___soon. A come B comes C coming 2. Each of us___a good plan for the holidays . A have B has C had 3. The weather gets warm .Everything____ back to life . A come B comes C came 4. Fall____ after summer ,It is the harvest season ,and the farmers are busy____. A come to harvest B come harvesting C comes harvesting - 5. It’s cool and the leaves fall from the trees ,The cold weatner _____. A comes B came C is coming you plan to travel____ you holidays .you’d better____out the weather in different places in August . A. in ; find B on ; finding C on ; find __ go to school on foot,but sometimes by bike. A usually B seldom C never 8 I__ walk to school,I ofen go by subway A usually B seldom C never 9 I __go to school by subway,Ialways take a bus. — A usually B seldom C never 10 What about _______ there by bus ,Tom A to go B going C go 11 –Hurry up ! It’s time for leave . --OK ,_________. A I‘m coming B I came C I will come 12 Tom likes ______ snowmen in winter . A make B makes C making D to make 13 –Must I finish my homework now --No,you______. | A may not B mustn’t C can not D needn’t 14 Find the answer ____ the question ,Please . A of B to C for 15 The flowers smell ______ . A well B good C bad 16 Leo likes ____ ,but he doesn’t like ____ now . A hike ; hiking B hikes ; hiking C hiking ; to hik 17 Lucy and Lily ____China next week .

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一. 词汇 ⑴单词 1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of 1). in表示"在……中", "在……内"。例如: in our class 在我们班上 in my bag 在我的书包里 / in the desk 在桌子里 in the classroom 在教室里 2). on 表示"在……上"。例如: on the wall 在墙上 on the desk 在桌子上 on the blackboard 在黑板上 ~ 3). under表示"在……下"。例如: under the tree 在树下 under the chair 在椅子下 under the bed 在床下 4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如: behind the door 在门后 behind the tree 在树后 % 5). near表示"在……附近"。例如: near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近 near the bed 在床附近 6). at表示"在……处"。例如: at school 在学校 at home 在家 $ at the door 在门口 7). of 表示"……的"。例如: a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画a map of China 一张中国地图 2. 冠词 a / an / the:

: 冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple. a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。 This is a cat. 这是一只猫。 It's an English book. 这是一本英语书。 His father is a worker. " 他的爸爸是个工人。 the既可以用在可数名词前,也可以用在不可数名词前,表示某个或某些特定的人或事物,也可以指上文提到过的人或事物。 Who's the boy in the hat 戴帽子的男孩是谁呀 ------ What can you see in the classroom ------ I can see a bag. ------ Where's the bag . ------ It's on the desk. ------- 你能在教室里看到什么呀 ------ 我能看见一个书包。 ------ 书包在哪呀 ------ 在桌子上。 和any > ①在肯定句中用some.例如: There are some books on the desk.桌子上有一些书。 Lucy has some good books露西有一些好书。 ②在疑问句和否定句中用any。例如: Is there any ink in your pen你的钢笔里有墨水吗 Do you have any brothers and sisters你有兄弟姐妹吗 There isn't any water in the glass.杯子里没有水。 & ⑵记住它们的特殊用法。

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