1990年到1999年部分四级真题阅读

1999年英语专业四级真题试卷及其参考答案Part ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION [30 MIN.]SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN.]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospitals, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that more than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education while in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital teaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter has only a part-time teacher. The special children’s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have some contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m maintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is often all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summed up when parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed.66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children’s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A. hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD. only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with their school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavorable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favor of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them tick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tibbett, the founder of Computer town UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computer own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the people and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America’s best-known computer “guru” figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computer town USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow some time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain, Computer towns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tibbett thinks they are most successful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computer towns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tibbett finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working side by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people really want to know. In some Computer towns there are question sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “{people-literate”.70. According to David Tibbett, the purpose of Computer town UK is to__A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We learn from the passage that Computer town USA was a ___.A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computer towns in the UK have become popular.B. Compute rtowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computer towns are more successful than clubs.D. It’s better that computer towns and clubs work toge ther.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computer towns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people’s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practice on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can leave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr. A. Burton. “With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be under sleeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater I inertia than others. This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To quote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can’t sleep. Like a advancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a point in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal, sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asserts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jurist sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retards our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to work and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the van n of this advance.74.The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else’s opinionTEXT DMigration is usually defined as “permanent or semi permanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of course, would include a move across the street or across a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal migration within nations, although such movements often exceed international movements in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very similar to those of international migrants. Students of human migration speakof “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual’s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are associated with the place of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matter as difficulty in finding a suitable job. oras traumatic as war, or severe famine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influence their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often these are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good land to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the United States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparently better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stagnations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such ash e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already established in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerations of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be outweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also inf luenced by “personal factors” of the potential migrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on different people, sometimes because they are at different stages of their lives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to learn a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another.Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes conflict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment problems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a range of considerationsD. are more important than push factors79. Peop le’s decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the following EXC EPT___.A. personalities.B. education.C. marital status.D. abilities.80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. migration between countriesSECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING [5 min]In this section there are seven passages with a total often multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your answer sheet.TEXT EFirst read the following question.81. This is a letter of___.A. inquiryB. complaintC. explanationD. introductionNow, go through TEXT E quickly and answer question 81.Flat 24Park MansionsNewbury RoadThe ManagerReliable Motors Ltd.876 Meadow Street 14th May 2002Dear Sir,I am writing to you concerning the Bernster Special 150 SE that I bought from you two weeks ago. The car has now developed the following faults:1.The steering wheel is loose.2.The hand brake does not work.3.Oil is leaking from the engine.4.The driver’s door-does not close properly.Will you please telephone me and we can arrange for you to collect the car. Unless you can put the car in perfect working order, 1 am afraid I shall report your company to the Consumers’ Association.Yours faithfully,Tony LockwoodTEXT FFirst read the following question.82. The passage is mainly about___.A. Christmas salesB. retailing businessC. Internet populationD. online shoppingNow, go through TEXT F quickly and answer question 82.Online shopping (网上购物) has become a major force in retailing this year with more than US$1 billion in Christmas season sales, industry analysts say. The figure for the holiday tops the total for Internet shopping in all of 1996.Online shopping for the holiday season remained just a drop in the ocean of the estimated US$450 billion spent by US consumers. But the figure is growing rapidly. International Data Corporation, a market research group, predicts the World Wide Web (万维网) population will reach almost 100 million by 1998 and that online commerce will grow to more than US$20 billion.TEXT GFirst read the following question83. The passage discusses the aim of___.A. the organizationB. blood centers in the USAC. FDA new rulesD. AIDS preventionNow, go through TEXT G quick and answer question 83.The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is taking steps to protect the country’s blood su pply. People give blood to the centers, where it is kept until it is needed for medical purposes. The FDA has provided new rules for the blood centers. The government agency says new rules are designed to improve the blood supply system. The new rules call for blood centers to develop more ways to make sure their work is done correctly. These rules are another way to help keep the blood supply pure. A leading concern is that someone with AIDS virus might give blood to a blood centre. For this reason, there are tests to find out if blood contains viruses that cause AIDS and other diseasesTEXT HFirst read the following question.84. The passage advertises overseas___.A. jobsB. studiesC. travelD. aidNow, go through TEXT H quickly and answer question 84.NEW HORIZONSAre you looking for something interesting to do? Then why not work abroad for a year or two?We have jobs in most parts of the world —including Europe, Africa and Southeast Asia. We have jobs for teachers, doctors, nurses, engineers, car mechanics and many others. Why not see the world? We cannot offer you very much money, but the work is interesting. You can learn another language and work with people, too. For more information write to us at:NEW HORIZONS JOB CENTER,110 Spring Gardens,London SW! 7BCPlease send your personal information (date of birth, educational qualifications , interests. experiences, etc.)TEXT IFirst read the following questions.85. Which number would you dial for home nursing?A. 0734 442456B. 0734 442675C. 08675 559478D. 08675 56449986. Blood donors are advised to contact___.A. Berkshire county officeB. St. John AmbulanceC. John Radcliffe HospitalD. Royal Berkshire HospitalNow, go through TEXT I quickly and answer questions 85 and 86.HEALTHAMBULANCE SERVICEIn All Emergencies Dial 999St John Ambulance:Berkshire County Office-ST John Centre Church Rd, Woodley. Reading, RG5 4QN.0734 442456.For details of first aid at work unit contact 0734 442675.Oxfordshire-St John House High St, Kidlington, Oxford. 0X5 2DN 08675 559478: Association; 08675 564499 Brigade, ambulance, home nursing, loan of medical equipment and first aid at work unit.BLOOD DONORSFor information contact-Oxford Regional Blood Transfusion Service: John Radcliffe Hospital Headley Way,Headington, Oxford, 0X3 9DU 0865 642831HOSPITALSRoyal Berkshire Hospital: London Rd. Reading, RGI SAN. 0734 875111. ( Accident and emergency patients to South Wing).TEXT JFirst read the following questions.87. If you leave for Hong Kong on March l6th, you pay___.A. $799B. $849C. $829D. $96988. What is NOT included in the price?A. Local dept tax.B.Return flights.C. Transfers.D. Accommodation.Now, go through TEXT J quickly and answer questions 87 and 88.SPECIAL OFFERfrom $799HONG KONGEnjoy 5 nights in Hong Kong from $799New World Harbour View: Superior 1St class hotel in good location on Hong Kong Island.Superb swimming pool, tennis courts, restaurants, bars. Rooms with harbour view andAirconditioning, tea/coffee making facilities, minibar. TV, bath and shower.Departure dates: Price:02,10 Mar $79909,16 Mar $84917 Mar $82915 Apr $96927 Apr, 04, 18 May $999The price includes: Return flights. 5 nts accom (no meals). Transfers. Prices are per person sharing a twin room.Not included: UK dept tax. Local dept tax. Optional insurance: $30.To book, telephone: (open daily inc Sat/Sun)Tel: 01306 774300Fax: 01306 740328TEXT KFirst read the following questions.89. On hearing the fire alarm, those in class should go to___.A. BlockB. BlockC. BlockD. the Assembly Area90. What should you do during the fire alarm?A. Make use of the lift.B. Collect personal things.C. Move along without noise.D. Overtake others on the way.Now, go through TEXT K quickly and answer questions 89 and 90.FIRE INSTRUCTIONSTHE PERSON DISCOVERING A FIRE WILL:1. OPERATE THE NEAREST FIRE ALARM.2. ATTACK THE FIRE WITH AVAILABLE EQUIPMENT, IF IT IS SAFE TO DO SO.FIRE ALARM BELLSThe Fire Alarm Bells will ring either in the area of A Block or in the area of BBlock and C Block. Those in the area where the Alarm Bells are ringing should take action as indicated below. Others should continue with their work.ON HEARING YOUR FIRE ALARM:1. Those in class: will go to the Assembly Area under instructions given by the teacher.2. Those elsewhere: will go to the Assembly Area by the most sensible route, and stay near the Head of their Department.ASSEMBLY AREAThe Assembly Area is the playing field which is south of the Sports Hall. Here n ames will be checked.PROCEDURE1.Move quietly.2.Do NOT stop to collect your personal belongings.3.Do NOT attempt to pass others on your way to the Assembly Area.4.Do NOT use the lift.FIRE ALARMSFire Alarms are situated as follows:1.A BlockAt the Reception Desk; at east end of connecting corridor; outside the kitchen door.2.B BlockAt the bottom of both stairways and on each landing.3.C BlockInside entrance lobby of Sports Hall.TIME LIMIT: 140 MIN.Part ⅠWRITING [45 MIN.]SECTION A COMPOSITIONIt is now generally accepted that vehicles (cars, trucks, etc.) are a major source of air pollution in cities. You are to suggest only ONE way to solve the problem.Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a composition of about 150 words on the following topic:ONE WAY TO SOLVE THE PROBLEMYou are to write in three paragraphs.In the first paragraph, state what your suggested way is.In the second paragraph, state one or two advantages of your suggestion on.In the last paragraph, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion Marks will he awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN.]Write on ANSWER SHEET ONE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are Mark or Sally. You have got a ticket to a computer fair, but you now find that you are unable to go. Write a note to your friend, George, explaining why you are sending the enclosed ticket to him and telling him briefly how to get there. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy.参考答案TEXT A短文大意：这篇文章通过一次调查，反映了当孩子们生病住院时，医院里的教学问题。

大学英语四级写作历年真题与范文1999年1月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic. Don’t Be Afraid to Say “No”. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1.别人请求帮助时,在什么情况下我们会说“不”2.为什么有些人在该说“不”的时候不说“不”3.该说“不”时,不说“不”的害处［范文］Don’t Be Afraid to Say “No”Sometimes we have to say “No” to others when they ask us for help. Why? One situation may be that we are not capable of doing the things they ask us to do. The other situation may be that we are unwilling to do what they ask us to do, because their requests may be unreasonable or even illegal. On both occasions we should say directly to them: “No”.But the case is not always the same in our daily life. Some people are afraid to say “No” when they should say so. On the one hand, they are afraid of losing their faces. On the other hand they don’t want to hurt others, such as their family members, relatives, friends or colleagues.To say “Yes” when you should say “No” will eventually do you some harm. If you say “Yes” but fail to help them in the end because of lack of the ability, they may think you are not worthy of trust. If you help them do something bad or illegal, you will be punished for what you have done. So, don’t be afraid to say “No” if necessary.1999年6月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic: Reading selectively or extensively? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:[范文]Reading Selectively or Extensively?Reading selectively or extensively? What is your choice? Perhaps each of us has our choice.Some people think we should read selectively, for there are so many books for us to read. Thousands of new books are published every day. How can we cover all these books in our limited time? Besides, not all the books are worth reading.Some people, on the contrary, choose to read extensively. They think that reading extensively can broaden their horizons. Through reading extensively they can learn something about their ancestors; through reading extensively they can get insight of great men. Reading extensively can also enable us to adapt to the fast developing society. Because we are living in a knowledge exploding society, if we don’t read extensively, we can’t get enough information about the modern world, and we can’t keep pace with the society.In my opinion, we should read both selectively and extensively. By reading extensively, we can enrich our knowledge of aspects. By reading selectively, we can focus on and learn well the academic knowledge we’ll need in our future work.2000年1月真题Direction: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance My College Education? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 上大学的费用可以通过多种途径解决2. 哪种途径适合我(说明理由)[范文]How I Finance My College Education?Every year, thousands of young men enter universities and colleges. It has been a problem for the students and their families how to finance their college education. In fact, the problem can be dealt with in many ways. The most common way is to get all the money from the parents. If their parents can’t produce the tuition and the fees, students can apply a loan from the bank. There is still another way. Students can finance their education by doing some part-time jobs in their spare time.As for me, my parents can pay the greater part of the tuition and fees for me. So, I won’t have a heavy financial burden, and I can put all my heart into study. I would like to pay the rest by doing a part-time job. Although my parents are able to pay all the tuition and fees for me, I just want to know more about the society by my own working experience. Therefore, I choose this way to finance my college education.2000年6月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:1.很多人认为有必要举行英语口语考试，理由是......2.也有人持不同的意见3.我的看法和打算Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?2001年1月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic How to succeed in a Job Interview? You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below:1. 面试在求职过程中的作用2. 取得面试成功的因素[范文]How to Succeed in a Job Interview?Nowadays, students must seek jobs by themselves. Job interview is the first step leading to the success of their employment. It is clear that succeeding in a job interview is very important.There are some ways to ensure your success in a job interview. First, you should be well prepared for all the information about you, such as your diploma certification,you credit records, certification about your awards, publications, if there is any, and the last but not the least, a carefully designed resume, in both Chinese and English.Second, you must pay much attention to your appearance, including your dress and your behavior. You should dress properly. While talking with the interviewer, you should listen to him attentively, accompanied with proper eye contact and a timely nod of head.Third, you must be confident about yourself. Your smiling face is the best way to show your confidence and friendliness. You should be also honest, especially when talking about yourself.2001年6月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. Write a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the weeklong holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions (given in Chinese) below:[范文]A Letter to a SchoolmateJune 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang,I am glad to hear that you will come to see me during the weeklong holiday. It has been three years since we graduated from our university. I miss you very much. I even can’t wait to see you.I’ve made a plan for this holiday. As this is the first time you come to Beijing, I think we’d better have sightseeing around it. We can visit some famous scenic spots and historical sites, such as Summer Palace, The Forbidden City, The Great Wall, etc. We can do some shopping together. There are many splendid markets and plazas in Beijing. The State Library is also a good place for us to go. By the way, since lots of people will go traveling in this holiday, it must be crowded on the train. So you should take care of your luggage. Bring more clothes with you because Beijing ismuch colder than Kunming at this time. And don’t forget to tell me when you will arrive. I’ll pick you up at the airpo rt.Miss you!Yours,Zhang Ying2002年1月真题Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic: A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below.假设你是李明，请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信，内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等，可以是表扬，可以是批评建议，也可以兼而有之。

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part 1 Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office. C) At the airport.B) In the waiting room. D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office”is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A][B][C][D]1. (A) The man wants to go to Los Angeles.(B) The man wants to go to San Francisco.(C) There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.(D) There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.2. (A) He enjoys writing home every week.(B) He never fails to write a weekly letter home.(C) He doesn’t write home once a week now.(D) He has been asked to write home every week.3. (A) Because she has got an appointment.(B) Because she doesn’t want to.(C) Because she has to work.(D) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant.4. (A) The teacher postponed the meeting.(B) There won’t be a test this afternoon.(C) The students will be attending the meeting.(D) The students will take an English test this afternoon.5. (A) On the whole, she liked the film.(B) She didn’t see the film.(C) The film was very exciting.(D) The film wasn’t as good as she’d expected.6. (A) Around 5:00. (C) At 2:00(B) Around 3:00. (D) At 1:007. (A) he had to work overtime. (C) His car ran out of gas.(B) He was held up in traffic. (D) He had a traffic accident.8. (A) John Smith isn’t in right now.(B) John Smith can’t come to the phone right now.(C) John Smith doesn't want to speak to the caller.(D) The caller dialed the wrong number.9. (A) Yesterday. (C) Two days ago.(B) Three days ago. (D) Early last week.10.(A) She got up later than usual. (C) She forgot she had classes.(B) The bus was late. (D) Her clock was slow.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. (A) 4,000 years ago. (C) 2,000 years ago.(B) 3,000 years ago. (D) 1,000 years ago.12. (A) The small bowl was put above the large bowl.(B) The large bowl was put above the small bowl.(C) The small bowl was put inside the large bowl.(D) The large bowl consisted of two equal parts.13. (A) Horsemen. (C) Drops of water.(B) Brass doors. (D) Metal balls.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. (A) They are the most attractive women in Britain.(B) They are the most popular film stars.(C) They are the first women news announcers on British television.(D)They appear almost every night in TV plays.15. (A) At 10 in the evening. (C) At 9 in the morning.(B) At 9 in the evening. (D) At 10 in the morning.16. (A) People still talk a lot about it.(B) Fewer people watched Susan’s programme from then on.(C) Anna’s photographs appeared frequently in newspapers.(D) The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. (A) It is completely flat. (C) It has many large lakes.(B) It has few rivers. (D) It is hilly.18. (A) The soil has been overworked. (C) The weather is too dry.(B) The climate is cold. (D) The soil is sandy.19. (A) By raising cattle. (C) By working in factories.(B) By working on farms. (D) By raising sheep.20. (A) At school (C) From books.(B) From their parents. (D) In factories.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A),B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctantto go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?”had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile （起伏形状）of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings（测身）were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition(考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.21. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographic studies take on ______.A) an academic aspect C) a business aspectB) a military aspect D) an international aspect22. It was ______ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable23. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ______.A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans24. “Defied”in the 5th paragraph probably means “______”.A) doubted C) challengedB) gave proof to D) agreed to25. This passage is mainly about ______.A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend _____ classes each week.A) 36 B) 20C) 12 D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed _______.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because _______.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probably because ______.A) they hate the constant pressure strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem, to be effective in ______.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak, For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语)as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract（对抗）your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam（鼓起干劲）and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.31. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.A) he is a lazy personB) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is lowD) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening32. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A) Unawareness of energy cycles.B) Familiar monologues.C) A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.33. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _____.A) change his energy cycle C) get up earlier than usualB) overcome his laziness D) go to bed earlier34. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.A) help to keep your energy for the day’s workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle under control all day35. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work wit a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把……按能力分班)pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils. To the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advancedpupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.36. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching”is _______.A) critical C) approvingB) questioning D) objective37. By “held back”(Line 1) the author means “______”A) made to remain in the same classesB) forced to study I the lower classesC) drawn to their studiesD) prevented from advancing38. The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the student’s______.A) personal qualities and social skillsB) total personalityC) learning ability and communicative skillsD) intellectual ability39. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with other.B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capable organizers.D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.40. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ______.A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPart III V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet witha single time through the centre.41. The bridge was named _____ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A) after C) byB) with D) from42. There were no tickets _______ for Friday’s performance.A) preferable C) possibleB) considerable D) available43. It wasn’t such a good dinner ____ she had promised us.A) that C) asB) which D) what44. They decided to chase the cow away _______ it did more damage.A) unless C) beforeB) until D) although45. ____ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A) Each C) EitherB) Any D) One46. All ____ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A) what is needed C) the thing neededB) for our needs D) that is needed47. ____ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.A)When compared C) While comparingB) Compare D) Comparing48. ____ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A) That was from Stephen C) It was from Stephen thatB) It was Stephen whom D) It was Stephen that49. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ____.A) suit C) oneB)set D) pair50. Many new ____ will be opened up in the future for those with a university education.A) opportunities C) realitiesB) necessities D) probabilities51. He must have had an accident, or he _____ then.A) would have been here C) should be hereB) had to be here D) would be here52.It was essential that the application forms ______ back before the deadline (截止日期).A) must be sent C) be sentB) would be sent D) were sent53. We ______ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A) just have had C) just hadB) have just had D) had just had54. The rain was heavy and _____ the land was flooded.A) consequently C) constantlyB) continuously D) consistently55. The children went there to watch the iron tower ______.A) to erect C) erectingB) be erected D) being erected56. The engine _____ smoke and steam.A) gives up C) gives awayB) gives in D) gives off57. The manager promised to keep me _____ of how our business was going on.A) to be informed C) informedB) on informing D) informing58. Don't _____ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A) release C) relateB) relieve D) retain59. She never laughed, _____ lost her temper.A) or she ever did C) or did she everB) nor did she ever D) nor she ever did60. The goals _____ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A) after which C) with whichB) for which D) at which61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and _____ in a quiet neighborhood.A) all in all C) after allB) above all D) over all62. _____ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A) For now C) Ever sinceB) Now that D) By now63. What you have done is _____ the doctor's orders.A) attached to C) resistant toB) responsible to D) contrary to64. John regretted _____ to the meeting last week.A) not going C) not having been goingB) not to go D) not to be going65. They _____ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A) carried out C) carried onB) carried off D) carried forward66. Mrs. Brown is supposed _____ for Italy last week.A) to have left C) to leaveB) to be leaving D) to have been left67. My camera can be _____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) treated C) adoptedB) adjusted D) remedied68. A new technique ______, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A) wording out C) having been worded outB) having worded out D) to have been worded out69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ______.A) hurt C) spoiledB) damaged D) harmed70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will _____ over his business to his son.A) take C) thinkB) hand D) getPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked (A), (B), (C) and (D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. 71 these wide modern Roads are generally 72 and well maintained, with 73 sharp curves and many straight 74 , a direct route is not always the most 75 one. Large highways often pass76 scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally77 large urban centres which means that they become crowded with 78 traffic during rush hours, 79 the "fast, direct" way becomes a very slow route.However, there is 80 always another route to take 81 you are not in a hurry. Not far from the 82 new "superhighways", there are often older, 83 heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. 84 of these are good two-lane (双车道) roads; others are uneven roads 85 through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high 86,or down frightening hillsides to towns 87 in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places 88 the air is clean and the scenery (风景) is beautiful, and the driver may have a 89 to get a fresh, clean 90 of the world.71. (A) Although (B) Because (C) Since (D) Therefore72. (A) stable (B) splendid (C) smooth (D) complicated73. (A) little (B) few (C) much (D) many74. (A) selections (B) separations (C) series (D) sections75. (A) terrible (B) possible (C) enjoyable (D) profitable76. (A) to (B) into (C) over (D) by77. (A) lead (B) connect (C) collect (D) communicate78. (A) large (B) fast (C) light (D) heavy79. (A) when (B)for (C)but (D) that80. (A) yet (B) still (C)almost (D) quite81. (A) unless (B) if (C) as (D) since82. (A) relatively (B) regularly (C) respectively (D) reasonably83. (A) and (B)less (C) more (D) or84. (A) All (B) Several (C) Lots (D) or85. (A) driving (B) crossing (C) curving (D) traveling86. (A) rocks (B) cliffs (C) roads (D) paths87. (A) lying (B) laying (C) laid (D) lied88. (A) there (B) when (C) which (D) where89. (A) space (B) period (C) chance (D) spot90. (A) view (B) variety (C) visit (D) virtuePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. You are given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the words given.在线学英语体验请申请：/ielts/xd.htmlRemember to write clearly. You should write this composition on the Composition Sheet.1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modern life.2. If there were no electric power.3. Therefore.参考答案90.1Part I 1——20 题1. A2. C3. C4. B5. D6. B7. B8. D9. C 10. A11. A 12. A 13. D 14. C 15. A 16. D 17. D 18. A 19. C 20. BPart II—Part III 21—90题21. C 22. D 23. D 24. C 25. A 26. B 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. B31. D 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B 36. C 37. D 38. B 39. D 40. A41. A 42. D 43. C 44. C 45. B 46. D 47. A 48. C 49. D 50. A51. A 52. C 53. D 54. A 55. C 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. B61. B 62. B 63. D 64. A 65. C 66. A 67. B 68. C 69. C 70. B71. A 72. C 73. B 74. D 75. C 76. D 77. B 78. D 79. A 80. C81. B 82. A 83. B 84. D 85. C 86. B 87. A 88. D 89. C 90. C“成千上万人疯狂下载。

Part ⅥREADING COMPREHENSION ［30 MIN.］SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION ［25 MIN.］In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished stat ements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one th at you think is the correct answer. Mark your choice on your answer sheet.TEXT ASurprisingly, no one knows how many children receive education in English hospit als, still less the content or quality of that education. Proper records are jus t not kept. We know that mo re than 850.000 children go through hospital each year, and that every child of school age has a legal right to continue to receive education wh ile in hospital. We also know there is only one hospital teacher to every 1,000 children in hospital.Little wonder the latest survey concludes that the extent and type of hospital t eaching available differ a great deal across the country. It is found that half the hospitals in England which admit children have no teacher. A further quarter have only a part-time teacher. The special children‟s hospitals in major cities do best; general hospitals in the country and holiday areas are worst off. From this survey, one can estimate that fewer than one in five children have som e contact with a hospital teacher—and that contact may be as little as two hour s a day. Most children interviewed were surprised to find a teacher in hospital at all. They had not been prepared for it by parents or their own school. If the re was a teacher they were much more likely to read books and do math or number work; without a teacher they would only play games.Reasons for hospital teaching range from preventing a child falling behind and m aintaining the habit of school to keeping a child occupied, and the latter is of ten all the teacher can do. The position and influence of many teachers was summ ed up w hen parents referred to them as “the library lady” or just “the helper”. Children tend to rely on concerned school friends to keep in touch with school w ork. Several parents spoke of requests for work being ignored or refused by the school. Once back at school children rarely get extra teaching, and are told to catch up as best they can.Many short-stay child-patients catch up quickly. But schools do very little to e ase the anxiety about falling behind expressed by many of the children interview ed. 66．The author points out at the beginning that___.A. every child in hospital receives some teachingB. not enough is known about hospital teachingC. hospital teaching is of poor qualityD. the special children‟s hospitals are worst off67. It can be inferred from the latest survey that___.A.hospital teaching across the country is similarB. each hospital has at least one part-time teacherC. all hospitals surveyed offer education to childrenD.only one-fourth of the hospitals have full-time teachers68. Children in hospital usual1y turn to___in order to catch up with the ir school work.A. hospital teachersB. schoolmatesC. parentsD. school teachers69. We can conclude from the passage that the author is___.A. unfavourable towards children receiving education in hospitalsB. in favour of the present state of teaching in hospitalsC. unsatisfied with the present state of hospital teachingD. satisfied with the results of the latest surveyTEXT BComputer people talk a lot about t he need for other people to become “computer-l iterate”, in other words, to learn to understand computers and what makes them t ick. Not all experts agree, however, that is a good idea.One pioneer, in particular. who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Compu tertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring peopl e closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computert own UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to the peop le and make them “people-literate”.David first got the idea when he visited one of America‟s best-known computer “g uru” figure, Bob Albrecht，in the small university town of Palo Alto in Northern California. Albrecht had started a project called Computertown USA in the local library, and the local children used to call round every Wednesday to borrow so me time on the computers there, instead of borrowing library books. Albrecht was always on hand to answer any questions and to help the children discover about computers in their own way.Over here, in Britain，Computertowns have taken off in a big way，and there are now about 40 scattered over the country. David Tebbutt thinks they are most succ essful when tied to a computer club. He insists there is a vast and important difference between the two, although they complement each other. The clubs cater f or the enthusiasts, with some computer knowledge already, who get together arid eventually form an expert computer group. This frightens away non-experts, who a re happier going to Computertowns where there are computers available for them t o experiment on, with experts available to encourage them and answer any questions; they are not told what to do, they find out.David Tehbutt finds it interesting to see the two different approaches working s ide by side. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about compute rs, but have to be able to explain the answers to the questions that people real ly want to know. In some Computertowns there arequestion sessions, rather like radio phone-ins, where the experts listen to a lot of questions and then try to work out some structure to answer them. People are not having to learn computer jargons, but the experts are having to translate computer mysteries into easily understood terms; the computers are becoming “people-literate”.70. According to David Tebbutt, the purpose of Computertown UK is to___A. train people to understand how computers workB. make more computers available to peopleC. enable more people to fix computers themselvesD. help people find out more about computers71. We Learn from the passage that Computertown USA was a ___.A. townB. projectC. libraryD. school72. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Computertowns in the UK have become popular.B. Computertowns and clubs cater for different people.C. Computertowns are more successful than clubs.D. It‟s better that computertowns and clubs work together.73. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of computertowns?A. Experts give lectures and talks on computers.B. Experts are on hand to answer people‟s questions.C. People are left to discover computers on their own.D. There are computers around for people to practise on.TEXT CThere must be few questions on which responsible opinion is so utterly divided a s on that of how much sleep we ought to have. There are some who think we can le ave the body to regulate these matters for itself. “The answer is easy,” says Dr . A. Burton.“With the right amount of sleep you should wake up fresh and alert five minutes before the alarm rings.” If he is right many people must be undersl eeping, including myself. But we must remember that some people have a greater i nertia than others.This is not meant rudely. They switch on slowly, and they a re reluctant to switch off. They are alert at bedtime and sleepy when it is time to get up, and this may have nothing to do with how fatigued their bodies are, or how much sleep they must take to lose their fatigue.Other people feel sure that the present trend is towards too little sleep. To qu ote one medical opinion, thousands of people drift through life suffering from the effects of too little sleep; the reason is not that they can‟t sleep. Like a dvancing colonists, we do seem to be grasping ever more of the land of sleep for our waking needs, pushing the boundary back and reaching, apparently, for a poi nt in our evolution where we will sleep no more. This in itself, of course, need not be a bad thing. What could be disastrous, however, is that we should press too quickly towards this goal,sacrificing sleep only to gain more time in which to jeopardize our civilization by actions and decisions made weak by fatigue. Then, to complete the picture, there are those who believe that most people are persuaded to sleep too much. Dr H. Roberts, writing in Every Man in Health, asse rts: “It may safely be stated that, just as the majority eat too much, so the ma jority sleep too much.” One can see the point of this also. It would be a pity t o retard our development by holding back those people who are gifted enough to w ork and play well with less than the average amount of sleep, if indeed it does them no harm. If one of the trends of evolution is that more of the life span i s to be spent in gainful waking activity, then surely these people are in the va n of this advance.74. The author seems to indicate that___.A. there are many controversial issues like the right amount of sleepB. among many issues the right amount of sleep is the least controversialC. people are now moving towards solving many controversial issuesD. the right amount of sleep is a topic of much controversy among doctors75. The author disagrees with Dr. Burton because___.A. few people can wake up feeling fresh and alertB. some people still feel tired with enough sleepC. some people still feel sleepy with enough sleepD. some people go to bed very late at night76. In the last paragraph the author points out that___.A. sleeping less is good for human developmentB. people ought to be persuaded to sleep less than beforeC. it is incorrect to say that people sleep too littleD. those who can sleep less should be encouraged77. We learn from the passage that the author___.A. comments on three different opinionsB. favours one of the three opinionsC. explains an opinion of his ownD. revises someone else‟s opinionTEXT DMigration is usually defined as “permanent or semipermanent change of residence. ” This broad definition, of cour se, would include a move across the street or ac ross a city. Our concern is with movement between nations, not with internal mig ration within nations, although such movements often exceed international moveme nts in volume. Today, the motives of people who move short distances are very si milar to those of international migrants.Students of human migration speak of “push” and “pull” factors, which influence an individual‟s decision to move from one place to another. Push factors are ass ociated with theplace of origin. A push factor can be as simple and mild a matt er as difficulty in finding a suitable job. or as traumatic as war, or severe fa mine. Obviously, refugees who leave their homes with guns pointed at their heads are motivated almost entirely by push factors (although pull factors do influen ce their choice of destination).Pull factors are those associated with the place of destination. Most often thes e are economic，such as better job opportunities or the availability of good lan d to farm. The latter was an important factor in attracting settlers to the Unit ed States during the 19th century. In general, pull factors add up to an apparen tly better chance for a good life and material well-being than is offered by the place of origin. When there is a choice between several attractive potential de stinations, the deciding factor might be a non-economic consideration such as th e presence of relatives, friends, or at least fellow countrymen already establis hed in the new place who are willing to help the newcomers settle in. Considerat ions of this sort cad to the development of migration flow.Besides push and pull actors, there are what the sociologists call “intervening obstacles” Even if push and(or) pull factors are very strong they still may be ou tweighed by intervening obstacles, such as the distance of the move, the trouble and cost of moving, the difficulty of entering the new country, and the problem s likely to be encountered on arrival. The decision to move is also influenced by “personal factors” of the potential m igrant. The same push-pull factors and obstacles operate differently on differen t people, sometimes because they are at different stages of theirlives, or just because of their varying abilities and personalities. The prospect of packing u p everything and moving to a new and perhaps very strange environment may appear interesting and challenging to an unmarried young man and appallingly difficult to a slightly older man with a wife and small kids. Similarly, the need to lear n a new language and customs may excite one person and frighten another. Regardless of why people move, migration of large numbers of people causes confl ict. The United States and other western countries have experienced adjustment p roblems with each new wave of immigrants. The newest arrivals are usually given the lowest-paid jobs and are resented by native people who may have to compete w ith them for those jobs. It has usually taken several decades for each group to be accepted into the mainstream of society in the host country.78. The author thinks that pull factors___.A. are all related to economic considerationsB. are not as decisive as push factorsC. include a range of considerationsD. are more important than push factors79. People‟s decisions to migrate might be influenced by all the follow ing EXC EPT___.A. personalities.B. education.C. marital status.D. abilities.80. The purpose of the passage is to discuss___.A. the problems of international migrantsB. the motives of international migrantsC. migration inside the countryD. migration between countries答案与详解TEXT A短文大意：这篇文章通过一次调查，反映了当孩子们生病住院时，医院里的教学问题。

1990年1月四级试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A][B][C][D]1.A) The man wants to go to Los Angeles.B) The man wants to go to San Francisco.C) There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.D) There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.2.A) He enjoys writing home every week.B) He never fails to write a weekly letter home.C) He doesn't write home once a week now.D) He has been asked to write home every week.3.A) Because she has got an appointment.ⅠB) Because she doesn't want to.C) Because she has to work.D) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant.4.A) The teacher postponed the meeting.B) There won't be a test this afternoon.C) The students will be attending the meeting.D) The students will take an English test this afternoon.5.A) On the whole, she liked the film.B) She didn't see the film.C) The film was very exciting.D) The film wasn't as good as she'd expected.6.A) Around 5:00.B) Around 3:00.C) At 2:00.D) At 1:00.7.A) he had to work overtime.B) He was held up in traffic.C) His car ran out of gas.D) He had a traffic accident.8.A) John Smith isn't in right now.B) John Smith can't come to the phone right now.C) John Smith doesn't want to speak to the caller.D) The caller dialed the wrong number.9.A) Yesterday.B) Three days ago.C) Two days ago.D) Early last week.10.A) She got up later than usual.B) The bus was late.C) She forgot she had classes.D) Her clock was slow.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) 4,000 years ago.B) 3,000 years ago.C) 2,000 years ago.D) 1,000 years ago.12.A) The small bowl was put above the large bowl.B) The large bowl was put above the small bowl.C) The small bowl was put inside the large bowl.D) The large bowl consisted of two equal parts.13.A) Horsemen.B) Brass doors.C) Drops of water.D) Metal balls.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) They are the most attractive women in Britain.B) They are the most popular film stars.C) They are the first women news announcers on British television.D) They appear almost every night in TV plays.15.A) At 10 in the evening.B) At 9 in the evening.C) At 9 in the morning.D) At 10 in the morning.16.A) People still talk a lot about it.B) Fewer people watched Susan's programme from then on.C) Anna's photographs appeared frequently in newspapers.D) The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions. Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A) It is completely flat.B) It has few rivers.C) It has many large lakes.D) It is hilly.18.A) The soil has been overworked.B) The climate is cold.C) The weather is too dry.D) The soil is sandy.19.A) By raising cattle.B) By working on farms.C) By working in factories.D) By raising sheep.20.A) At school.B) From their parents.C) From books.D) In factories.参考答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1.A) The man wants to go to Los Angeles2.C) He doesn't write home once a week now3.C) Because she has to work4.B) There won't be a test this afternoon5.D) The film wasn't as good as she'd expected6.B) Around 3:007.B) He was held up in traffic8.D) The caller dialed the wrong number9.C) Two days ago10.A) She got up later than usualSection B11.A) 4,000 years ago12.A) The small bowl was put above the large bowl13.D) Metal balls14.C) They are the first women news announcers on British television15.A) At 10 in the evening16.D) The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions17.D) It is hilly18.A) The soil has been overworked19.C) By working in factories20.B) From their parents。

^| You have to believe, there is a way. The ancients said:" the kingdom of heaven is trying to enter". Only when the reluctant step by step to go to it 's time, must be managed to get one step down, only have struggled to achieve it.-- Guo Ge Tech大学英语四级阅读真题详解（99-04）1999年1月大学英语四级考试Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage One这一篇介绍英国乡村一景——茅草屋顶的村舍——的说明文。

短文第一段以描景的方式引出主题：茅草屋顶的村舍仍是英国乡村迷人的一景。

而后于第二段介绍草屋建筑的历史。

第三段介绍草屋工艺的今天和草屋的特点。

最后一段通过与发展中国草屋的对比进一步突出英国草屋的寿命和优势。

21.（C）要点理解判断。

由题干a unique feature of the English countryside 确定答案依据在第一段，由该段第一句的描写及第二句中“the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”可知答案为C。

22.（D）要点定位理解。

由题干中的craft 定位至第三段，理解第一句即可确定答案。

23.（A）要点定位理解。

题干中的prefer 与第三段最后一句中的choose 相对应，其中not only for itsbeauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter 与选项A 一致。

附：听⼒原⽂及参考答案 PartⅠ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the parse, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C)and D), and decide which is the best answer., Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre. Example: You will hear: You will read: A) At the office. B) In the waiting room. C) At the airport. D) In a restaurant. From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. Yoju should choose ［A］ on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre. Sample Answer ［ A ］［B］［C］［D］ 1.A) The woman feels sorry for the man. B) The man is a member of the staff. C) The area is for passengers only. D) The woman is asking the man to leave. 2.A) Clean her house while she is away. B) Buy her some plants and take care of them. C) Water her plants while she is away.D) Water her plants when he is not at work 3.A) He will only be available in the afternoon. B) It's not his office hour. C) He doesn't have time. D) He is too tired after class. 4.A) The woman insists on going out. B) The woman doesn't like watching TV. C) The man promised her a gift on her birthday. D) The man is too tired to go out. 5.A) There are too many courses offered to students. B) The woman should take fewer courses next term. C) The man will take four courses next semester. D) It is wiser to take more than four courses. 6.A) Ask Tom to send an invitation. B) Get the JOhnsons' address C) Invite Tom to the party. D) Tell Tom to pick up the Johnsons. 7.A) Jane is looking for a summer job. B) Jane is packing for the summer vacation. C) Jane is on her way home. D) Jane is eager to go home for the vacation. 8.A) Spending more time on sightseeing. B) Visiting the city with a group. C) Touring the city on a fine day. D) Taking the man with her on the tour. 9.A) The woman is driving too fast. B) The woman is driving at a slow speed. C) The woman has broken a traffic rule. D) The woman has parked her car in a wrong place. 10.A) She can tell Joan when she sees her at noon. B) She should tell Joan's brother about the reception. C) She must call on Joan after the reception. D) She may see Joan's brother at lunch.。

1999年1月大学英语四级考试Part II Reading ComprehensionPassage One这一篇介绍英国乡村一景——茅草屋顶的村舍——的说明文。

短文第一段以描景的方式引出主题：茅草屋顶的村舍仍是英国乡村迷人的一景。

而后于第二段介绍草屋建筑的历史。

第三段介绍草屋工艺的今天和草屋的特点。

最后一段通过与进展中国草屋的对照进一步突出英国草屋的寿命和优势。

21.（C）要点明白得判定。

由题干a unique feature of the English countryside 确信答案依据在第一段，由该段第一句的描述及第二句中“the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside”可知答案为C。

22.（D）要点定位明白得。

由题干中的craft 定位至第三段，明白得第一句即可确信答案。

23.（A）要点定位明白得。

题干中的prefer 与第三段最后一句中的choose 相对应，其中not only for itsbeauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter 与选项A一致。

24.（B）要点定位归纳。

此题问及developing countries 住草屋的情形，涉及第三段前三句的要点：①第三世界半数以上人口住草屋；②他们不肯用传统的茅草做建筑材料，而宁愿住现代化楼房；③但他们没有钱入口建材。

归纳要点可知他们住草屋与经济条件有关，故B为答案。

25.（C）主题推断。

依照上述语篇分析，作为发达国家的英国，乡村茅舍的存在成为迷人一景，他们由于其漂亮的风格和冬暖夏凉的性能而对之情有独钟。

注意选项A中的thatched cottage 是不可能从古代保留下来的，因为依照短文最后部份的内容，茅草屋顶的建筑一样寿命为20~60年。

1990年1月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷（含答案）Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. Y ou should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) The man wants to go to Los Angeles.B) The man wants to go to San Francisco.C) There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.D) There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.2. A) He enjoys writing home every week.B) He never fails to write a weekly letter home.C) He doesn’t write home once a week now.D) He has been asked to write home every week.3. A) Because she has got an appointment.B) Because she doesn’t want to.C) Because she has to work.D) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant.4. A) The teacher postponed the meeting.B) There won’t be a test this afternoon.C) The students will be attending the meeting.D) The students will take an English test this afternoon.5. A) On the whole, she liked the film.B) She didn’t see the film.C) The film was very exciting.D) The film wasn’t as good as she’d expected.6. A) Around 5:00.B) Around 3:00.C) At 2:00.D) At 1:00.7. A) He had to work overtime.B) He was held up in traffic.C) His car ran out of gas.D) He had a traffic accident.8. A) John Smith isn’t in right now.B) John Smith can’t come to the phone right now.C) John Smith doesn’t want to speak to the caller.D) The caller dialed the wrong number.9. A) Y esterday.B) Three days ago.C) Two days ago.D) Early last week.10. A) She got up later than usual.B) The bus was late.C) She forgot she had classes.D) Her clock was slow.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) 4,000 years ago.B) 3,000 years ago.C) 2,000 years ago.D) 1,000 years ago.12. A) The small bowl was put above the large bowl.B) The large bowl was put above the small bowl.C) The small bowl was put inside the large bowl.D) The large bowl consisted of two equal parts.13. A) Horsemen.B) Brass doors.C) Drops of water.D) Metal balls.Passage T woQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They are the most attractive women in Britain.B) They are the most popular film stars.C) They are the first women news announcers on British television.D) They appear almost every night in TV plays.15. A) At 10 in the evening.B) At 9 in the evening.C) At 9 in the morning.D) At 10 in the morning.16. A) People still talk a lot about it.B) Fewer people watched Susan’s programme from then on.C) Anna’s photographs appeared frequently in newspapers.D) The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) It is completely flat.B) It has few rivers.C) It has many large lakes.D) It is hilly.18. A) The soil has been overworked.B) The climate is cold.C) The weather is too dry.D) The soil is sandy.19. A) By raising cattle.B) By working on farms.C) By working in factories.D) By raising sheep.20. A) At school.B) From their parents.C) From books.D) In factories.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测声) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.21. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographicstudies take on ________.A) an academic aspectB) a military aspectC) a business aspectD) an international aspect22. It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable23. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ________.A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans24. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “________”.A) doubtedB) gave proof toC) challengedD) agreed to25. This passage is mainly about ________.A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage T woQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.A) 36B) 20C) 12D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ________.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probablybecause ________.A) they hate the constant pressure strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem, to be effective in ________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the afternoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but itleads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! Y ou’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. Y ou can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.31. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.A) he is a lazy personB) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is lowD) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening32. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A) Unawareness of energy cycles.B) Familiar monologues.C) A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.33. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should________.A) change his energy cycleB) overcome his lazinessC) get up earlier than usualD) go to bed earlier34. Y ou are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.A) help to keep your energy for the day’s workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle under control all day35. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work wit a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把…按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.36. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is ________.A) criticalB) questioningC) approvingD) objective37. By “held back” (Line 1) the author means “________”A) made to remain in the same classesB) forced to study I the lower classesC) drawn to their studiesD) prevented from advancing38. The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of thestudent’s ________.A) personal qualities and social skillsB) total personalityC) learning ability and communicative skillsD) intellectual ability39. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with other.B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capableorganizers.D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.40. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ________.A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single time through the centre.41. The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of thepeople.A) afterB) withC) byD) from42. There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.A) preferableB) considerableC) possibleD) available43. It wasn’t such a good dinner ________ she had promised us.A) thatB) whichC) asD) what44. They decided to chase the cow away ________ it did more damage.A) unlessB) untilC) beforeD) although45. ________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A) EachB) AnyC) EitherD) One46. All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A) what is neededB) for our needsC) the thing neededD) that is needed47. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem highat all.A) When comparedB) CompareC) While comparingD) Comparing48. ________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A) That was from StephenB) It was Stephen whomC) It was from Stephen thatD) It was Stephen that49. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ________.A) suitB) setC) oneD) pair50. Many new ________ will be opened up in the future for those with a universityeducation.A) opportunitiesB) necessitiesC) realitiesD) probabilities51. He must have had an accident, or he ________ then.A) would have been hereB) had to be hereC) should be hereD) would be here52. It was essential that the application forms ________ back before the deadline (截止日期).A) must be sentB) would be sentC) be sentD) were sent53. We ________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A) just have hadB) have just hadC) just hadD) had just had54. The rain was heavy and ________ the land was flooded.A) consequentlyB) continuouslyC) constantlyD) consistently55. The children went there to watch the iron tower ________.A) to erectB) be erectedC) erectingD) being erected56. The engine ________ smoke and steam.A) gives upB) gives inC) gives awayD) gives off57. The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.A) to be informedB) on informingC) informedD) informing58. Don’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A) releaseB) relieveC) relateD) retain59. She never laughed, ________ lost her temper.A) or she ever didB) nor did she everC) or did she everD) nor she ever did60. The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A) after whichB) for whichC) with whichD) at which61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quietneighborhood.A) all in allB) above allC) after allD) over all62. ________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A) For nowB) Now thatC) Ever sinceD) By now63. What you have done is ________ the doctor’s orders.A) attached toB) responsible toC) resistant toD) contrary to64. John regretted ________ to the meeting last week.A) not goingB) not to goC) not having been goingD) not to be going65. They ________ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A) carried outB) carried offC) carried onD) carried forward66. Mrs. Brown is supposed ________ for Italy last week.A) to have leftB) to be leavingC) to leaveD) to have been left67. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) treatedB) adjustedC) adoptedD) remedied68. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A) wording outB) having worded outC) having been worded outD) to have been worded out69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________.A) hurtB) damagedC) spoiledD) harmed70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ________ over his business to his son.A) takeB) handC) thinkD) getPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __71__ these wide modern Roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75__ one. Large highways often pass __76__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centres which means that they become crowded with __78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route.However, there is __80__ always another route to take __81__ you are not in ahurry. Not far from the __82__ new “superhighways”,there are often older, __83__ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. __84__ of these are good two-lane (双车道) roads; others are uneven roads __85__ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __86__, or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places __88__ the air is clean and the scenery (风景) is beautiful, and the driver may have a __89__ to get a fresh, clean __90__ of the world.71. A) AlthoughB) BecauseC) SinceD) Therefore72. A) stableB) splendidC) smoothD) complicated73. A) littleB) fewC) muchD) many74. A) selectionsB) separationsC) seriesD) sections75. A) terribleB) possibleC) enjoyableD) profitable76. A) toB) intoC) overD) by77. A) leadB) connectC) collectD) communicate78. A) largeB) fastC) lightD) heavy79. A) whenB) forC) butD) that80. A) yetB) stillC) almostD) quite81. A) unlessB) ifC) asD) since82. A) relativelyB) regularlyC) respectivelyD) reasonably83. A) andB) lessC) moreD) or84. A) AllB) SeveralC) LotsD) or85. A) drivingB) crossingC) curvingD) traveling86. A) rocksB) cliffsC) roadsD) paths87. A) lyingB) layingC) laidD) lied88. A) thereB) whenC) whichD) where89. A) spaceB) periodC) chanceD) spot90. A) viewB) varietyC) visitD) virtuePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. Youare given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph.Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, notincluding the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should write thiscomposition on the Composition Sheet.1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of our modernlife.2. If there were no electric power.3. Therefore.1990年1月四级参考答案1990年1月四级参考答案Part I1990年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷（含答案）Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office”is the best answer. Y ou should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Every day.B) Every other day.C) Every week.D) Every other week.2. A) Saturday morning.B) Saturday afternoon.C) Sunday morning.D) Sunday afternoon.3. A) The unsmiling faces.B) The sun.C) The Londoners.D) The weather.4. A) Maria’s friends don’t call her very often.B) Maria doesn’t like to talk on the phone with her friends.C) Maria likes to talk on the phone with her friends.D) Maria doesn’t have any friends.5. A) The chemistry book.B) The English book.C) The math book.D) The history book.6. A) Hold the phone.B) Make another call.C) Pay the manager a visit.D) Ask the woman to find Mr. White for him.7. A) He will pay a visit to Prof. Wang.B) He will congratulate Prof. Wang.C) He is ready to help Prof. Wang.D) He will tell Prof. Wang the good news.8. A) To take a bus.B) To make a phone call.C) To do shopping.D) To give them to the woman.9. A) Listening to the radio.B) Reading a newspaper.C) Watching television.D) Watching a sports game.10. A) He hasn’t seen any movie for a long time.B) The movie he saw was “Gone with the Wind”.C) It is one of the best movies he has ever seen.D) He likes seeing movies very much.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best。

1990年6月四级试题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A][B][C][D]1.A) Every day.B) Every other day.C) Every week.D) Every other week.2.A) Saturday morning.B) Saturday afternoon.C) Sunday morning.D) Sunday afternoon.3.A) The unsmiling faces.B) The sun.C) The Londoners.D) The weather.4.A) Maria's friends don't call her very often.B) Maria doesn't like to talk on the phone with her friends.C) Maria likes to talk on the phone with her friends.D) Maria doesn't have any friends.5.A) The chemistry book.B) The English book.C) The math book.D) The history book.6.A) Hold the phone.B) Make another call.C) Pay the manager a visit.D) Ask the woman to find Mr. White for him.7.A) He will pay a visit to Prof. Wang.B) He will congratulate Prof. Wang.C) He is ready to help Prof. Wang.D) He will tell Prof. Wang the good news.8.A) To take a bus.B) To make a phone call.C) To do shopping.D) To give them to the woman.9.A) Listening to the radio.B) Reading a newspaper.C) Watching television.D) Watching a sports game.10.A) He hasn't seen any movie for a long time.B) The movie he saw was "Gone with the Wind".C) It is one of the best movies he has ever seen.D) He likes seeing movies very much.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) Go and visit friends.B) Have a dimmer together with friends.C) Go around making new friends.D) Play miaks on friends.12.A) For seven hundred years.B) For several decades.C) For several hundred years.D) For seventy years.13.A) A new means of transpartation from London to Australia.B) A newly-published newspaper in London.C) A non-existent island in the Pacific.D) A new kind of Italian noodle.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) More than nine million.B) About half a million.C) More than five million.D) About two and a half million.15.A) It is for students of the same community only.B) It only offers a two-year basic course.C) It only trains students to be office managers.D) It only accepts students rejected by universities.16.A) One who is staying in that state as a writer.B) One whose home is in that state.C) One who has been in the army.D) One who has been in health services.17.A) Community colleges in the U. S……B) The number of high school graduates.C) Higher education in the U. S……D) The difference between private and state universities. Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18.A) He had to get a job.B) He was afraid of failure.C) He wanted to join the Army.D) He wasn't interested in studying.19.A) Attending patients.B) Repairing machines.C) Driving taxis.D) Delivering letters.20.A) She encouraged him.B) She was disappointed.C) She expressed doubt.D) She was shocked.参考答案Part I Listening ComprehensionSection A1.B) Every other day2.D) Sunday afternoon3.D) The weather4.C) Maria likes to talk on the phone with her friends5.A) The chemistry book6.B) Make another call7.C) He is ready to help Prof. Wang8.A) To take a bus9.B) Reading a newspaper10.C) It is one of the best movies he has ever seen Section B11.D) Play miaks on friends12.C) For several hundred years13.D) A new kind of Italian noodle14.A) More than nine million15.B) It only offers a two-year basic course16.B) One whose home is in that state17.C) Higher education in the U. S.18.A) He had to get a job19.D) Driving taxis20.A) She encouraged him。

1990 年 1 月大学英语四级 (CET-4) 真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A)At the office.B)In the waiting room.C)At the airport.D)In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “ At the office ” is the best answershould.Youchoose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) The man wants to go to Los Angeles.B)The man wants to go to San Francisco.C)There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.D)There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.2.A) He enjoys writing home every week.B)He never fails to write a weekly letter home.C)He doesn’twrite home once a week now.D)He has been asked to write home every week.3.A) Because she has got an appointment.B)Because she doesn’twant to.C)Because she has to work.D)Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant.4.A) The teacher postponed the meeting.B)There won’tbe a test this afternoon.C)The students will be attending the meeting.D)The students will take an English test this afternoon.5.A) On the whole, she liked the film.B)She didn’tsee the film.C)The film was very exciting.D)The film wasn’tas good as she’d expected.6.A) Around 5:00.B)Around 3:00.C)At 2:00.D)At 1:00.7.A) He had to work overtime.B)He was held up in traffic.C)His car ran out of gas.D)He had a traffic accident.8.A) John Smith isn’tin right now.B)John Smith can’tcome to the phone right now.C)John Smith doesn’twant to speak to the caller.D)The caller dialed the wrong number.9.A) Yesterday.B)Three days ago.C)Two days ago.D)Early last week.10.A) She got up later than usual.B)The bus was late.C)She forgot she had classes.D) Her clock was slow.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) 4,000 years ago.B)3,000 years ago.C)2,000 years ago.D)1,000 years ago.12.A) The small bowl was put above the large bowl.B)The large bowl was put above the small bowl.C)The small bowl was put inside the large bowl.D)The large bowl consisted of two equal parts.13.A) Horsemen.B)Brass doors.C)Drops of water.D)Metal balls.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) They are the most attractive women in Britain.B)They are the most popular film stars.C)They are the first women news announcers on British television.D)They appear almost every night in TV plays.15.A) At 10 in the evening.B)At 9 in the evening.C)At 9 in the morning.D)At 10 in the morning.16.A) People still talk a lot about it.B)Fewer people watched Susan’ programme from then on.C)Anna’s photographs appeared frequently in newspapers.D)The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions. Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17.A) It is completely flat.B)It has few rivers.C)It has many large lakes.D)It is hilly.18.A) The soil has been overworked.B)The climate is cold.C)The weather is too dry.D)The soil is sandy.19.A) By raising cattle.B)By working on farms.C)By working in factories.D)By raising sheep.20.A) At school.B)From their parents.C)From books.D)In factories.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions:There are 4 reading passagesin this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Oceanography has been defined as “ The application of all sciences to the study of the sea ”.Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings,but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask many questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time thatquestion “What istheat bottom of the oceans? ”had to be answeredhany commercialwit consequencewas when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状 ) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during whichsoundings (测声 ) were taken to investigate thedepths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings arousedmuch popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs itwas found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察 ), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for yearsand led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.21.The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America madeoceanographic studies take on ________.A)an academic aspectB)a military aspectC)a business aspectD)an international aspect22.It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A)the American NavyB)some early intercontinental travelersC)those who earned a living from the seaD)the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable23.The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ________.A)to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB)to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC)to estimate the length of cable that was neededD)to measure the depths of the two oceans24.“ Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means“ ________”.A)doubtedB)gave proof toC)challengedD)agreed to25.This passage is mainly about ________.A)the beginnings of oceanographyB)the laying of the first undersea cableC)the investigation of ocean depthsD)the early intercontinental communicationsPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesterseach year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time forgreat activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26.Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.A)36B)20C)12D)1527.According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ________.A)to live in a different universityB)to take a particular course in a different universityC)to live at home and drive to classesD)to get two degrees from two different universities28.American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.A)their academic performance will affect their future careersB)they are heavily involved in student affairsC)they have to observe university disciplineD)they want to run for positions of authority29.Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probablybecause ________.A)they hate the constant pressure strain of their studyB)they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC)such positions help them get better jobsD)such positions are usually well paid30.The student organizations seem, to be effective in ________.A)dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB)ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC)evaluating students’performance by bringing them before a courtD)keeping up the students’enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it ’spainful? This might becalled laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyonehas a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’ re “ hot ” . That’strue. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the afternoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语 ) as: “ Get up, John! Youllbe late’ for workagain! ”The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. Youcan’tchange your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy inthe evening but feel you must stay up late anywayCounteract. (对抗 ) your cycle tosome extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usualhour. This won’tchange your cycle, but you’ll get up steam( 鼓起干劲 ) and workbetter at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoidthe troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before.Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring moreenergy or concentration for your sharper hours.31.If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.A)he is a lazy personB)he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC)he is not sure when his energy is lowD)he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening32.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A)Unawareness of energy cycles.B)Familiar monologues.C)A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D)Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.33.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should________.A)change his energy cycleB)overcome his lazinessC)get up earlier than usualD)go to bed earlier34.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.A)help to keep your energy for the day’s workB)help you to control your temper early in the dayC)enable you to concentrate on your routine workD)keep your energy cycle under control all day35.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A)Getting off to work wit a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B)Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C)Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D)Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages instreaming (把⋯按能力分班 ) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can doadvanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to dotheir best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.36. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “ mixed-ability teaching” is ________.A)criticalB)questioningC)approvingD)objective37. By “ held back” (Line 1) the author means“ ________”A)made to remain in the same classesB)forced to study I the lower classesC)drawn to their studiesD)prevented from advancing38.The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development ofthe student’s________.A)personal qualities and social skillsB)total personalityC)learning ability and communicative skillsD)intellectual ability39.Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A)Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with other.B)Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C)Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capableorganizers.D)Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.40.The author’spurpose in writing this passage is to ________.A)argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB)recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC)offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD)emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single time through the centre.41.The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of thepeople.A)afterB)withC)byD)from42.There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.A)preferableB)considerableC)possibleD)available43.It wasn’tsuch a good dinner ________ she had promised us.A)thatB)whichC)asD)what44.They decided to chase the cow away ________ it did more damage.A)unlessB)untilC)beforeD)although45.________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A)EachB)AnyC)EitherD)One46.All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A)what is neededB)for our needsC)the thing neededD)that is needed47.________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seemhigh at all.A)When comparedB)CompareC)While comparingD)Comparing48.________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A)That was from StephenB)It was Stephen whomC)It was from Stephen thatD)It was Stephen that49.If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ________.A)suitB)setC)oneD)pair50.Many new ________ will be opened up in the future for those with a universityeducation.A)opportunitiesB)necessitiesC)realitiesD)probabilities51.He must have had an accident, or he ________ then.A)would have been hereB)had to be hereC)should be hereD)would be here52.It was essential that the application forms ________ back before thedeadline (截止日期 ).A)must be sentB)would be sentC)be sentD)were sent53.We ________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A)just have hadB)have just hadC)just hadD)had just had54.The rain was heavy and ________ the land was flooded.A)consequentlyB)continuouslyC)constantlyD)consistently55.The children went there to watch the iron tower ________.A)to erectB)be erectedC)erectingD)being erected56.The engine ________ smoke and steam.A)gives upB)gives inC)gives awayD)gives off57.The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.A)to be informedB)on informingC)informedD)informing58.Don’t________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A)releaseB)relieveC)relateD)retain59.She never laughed, ________ lost her temper.A)or she ever didB)nor did she everC)or did she everD)nor she ever did60.The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A)after whichB)for whichC)with whichD)at which61.I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quietneighborhood.A)all in allB)above allC)after allD)over all62.________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A)For nowB)Now thatC)Ever sinceD)By now63.What you have done is ________ the doctor’s orders.A)attached toB)responsible toC)resistant toD)contrary to64.John regretted ________ to the meeting last week.A)not goingB)not to goC)not having been goingD)not to be going65.They ________ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A)carried outB)carried offC)carried onD)carried forward66.Mrs. Brown is supposed ________ for Italy last week.A)to have leftB)to be leavingC)to leaveD)to have been left67.My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A)treatedB)adjustedC)adoptedD)remedied68. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A)wording outB)having worded outC)having been worded outD)to have been worded out69.Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________.A)hurtB)damagedC)spoiledD)harmed70.When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ________ over his business to his son.A)takeB)handC)thinkD)getPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. Youshould choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __71__ these wide modern Roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75__ one. Large highways often pass __76__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centres which means that they become crowded with __78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the “ fast,direct way” becomes a very slow route.However, there is __80__ always another route to take __81__ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the __82__ new “ superhighways there”, are often older, __83__ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. __84__ of these are good two-lane (双车道 ) roads; others are uneven roads __85__ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __86__, or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places __88__ the air is clean and the scenery (风景 ) is beautiful, and the driver may have a __89__ to get a fresh, clean __90__ of the world.71.A) AlthoughB)BecauseC)SinceD)Therefore72.A) stableB)splendidC)smoothD)complicated73.A) littleB)fewC)muchD)many74.A) selectionsB)separationsC)seriesD)sections75.A) terribleB)possibleC)enjoyableD)profitable76.A) toB)intoC)overD)by77.A) leadB)connectC)collectD)communicate78.A) largeB)fastC)lightD)heavy79.A) whenB)forC)butD)that80.A) yetB)stillC)almostD)quite81.A) unlessB)ifC)asD)since82.A) relativelyB)regularlyC)respectivelyD)reasonably83.A) andB)lessC)moreD)or84.A) AllB)SeveralC)LotsD)or85.A) drivingB)crossingC)curvingD)traveling86.A) rocksB)cliffsC)roadsD)paths87.A) lyingB)layingC)laidD)lied88.A) thereB)whenC)whichD)where89.A) spaceB)periodC)chanceD)spot90.A) viewB)varietyC)visitD)virtuePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. Youare given the first sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph.Your part of the composition should be no less than 100 words, notincluding the words given. Remember to write clearly. You should writethis composition on the Composition Sheet.1.Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of ourmodern life.2.If there were no electric power.3.Therefore.1990 年 1 月四级参考答案20/401990 年 1 月四级参考答案Part I1.A2.C3.C4.B5.D6.B7.B8.D9.C10.A11.A12.A13.D14.C15.A16.D17.D18.A19.C20.BPart II21.C22.D23.D24.C25.A26.B27.B28.A29.C30.B31.D32.A33.C34.A35.B36.C37.D38.B39.D40.APart III41.A42.D43.C44.C45.B46.D47.A48.C49.D50.A51.A52.C53.D54.A55.C56.D57.C58.A59.B60.B61.B62.B63.D64.A65.C66.A67.B68.C69.C70.BPart IV71.A72.C73.B74.D75.C76.D77.B78.D79.A80.C81.B82.A83.B84.D85.C86.B87.A88.D89.C90.C大家网，原创精品中心！更多精品持续发布中！1990 年 6 月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷21/40 1990 年 6 月大学英语四级 (CET-4) 真题试卷Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After eachquestion there will be pause. During the pause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a linethrough the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A)At the office.B)In the waiting room.C)At the airport.D)In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office ”is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1.A) Every day.B)Every other day.C)Every week.D)Every other week.2.A) Saturday morning.B)Saturday afternoon.C)Sunday morning.D)Sunday afternoon.3.A) The unsmiling faces.1990 年 6 月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷22/40C)The Londoners.D)The weather.4.A) Maria ’s friends don’tcall her very often.B)Maria doesn’tlike to talk on the phone with her friends.C)Maria likes to talk on the phone with her friends.D)Maria doesn’thave any friends.5.A) The chemistry book.B)The English book.C)The math book.D)The history book.6.A) Hold the phone.B)Make another call.C)Pay the manager a visit.D)Ask the woman to find Mr. White for him.7.A) He will pay a visit to Prof. Wang.B)He will congratulate Prof. Wang.C)He is ready to help Prof. Wang.D)He will tell Prof. Wang the good news.8.A) To take a bus.B)To make a phone call.C)To do shopping.D)To give them to the woman.9.A) Listening to the radio.B)Reading a newspaper.C)Watching television.D)Watching a sports game.10.A) He hasn’tseen any movie for a long time.B)The movie he saw was“Gone with the Wind”.C)It is one of the best movies he has ever seen.D)He likes seeing movies very much.1990 年 6 月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷23/40 Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 based on the passage you have just heard.11.A) Go and visit friends.B)Have a dinner together with friends.C)Go around making new friends.D)Play jokes on friends.12.A) For seven hundred years.B)For several decades.C)For several hundred years.D)For seventy years.13.A) A new means of transportation from London to Australia.B)A newly-published newspaper in London.C)A non-existent island in the Pacific.D)A new kind of Italian noodle.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.14.A) More than nine million.B)About half a million.C)More than five million.D)About two and a half million.15.A) It is for students of the same community only.。

1990年6月大学英语四级(CET-4)真题试卷Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.You are a German living in Berlin. One day you’re walking down the street, minding your own business, when suddenly a stranger approached with a smile on his face. After stopping you, he holds a small electronic device close to his face and speaks slowl y into it, saying, in English: “Can you tell me where I can buy some sauerkraut?” What should you do? (a) Run away; (b) Call the police; or, (c) Listen closely for the device to say, in German, “Konnen Sie mir bitte sager, which Sauerkraut Kaufen Kann?”21.The stranger holding the V oice seems to be ________.A) asking for some information B) greeting the GermanC) amusing himself D) practising his German22. The German sentence “Konnen Sie Kann?” means ________.A) “Why don’t you ask the policeman.”B) “Would you listen closely for the device to say?”C) “Can you say it again, please?”D) “Can you tell me where I can buy some sauerkraut?”23. The word “speaker” in the last paragraph refers to ________.A) the person who speaks to the deviceB) a component part of the V oiceC) the person who speaks GermanD) the speech produced by the V oice24. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?A) The voice is an invention of an electronics company.B) The voice is a hand-held translator.C) The voice is new product in wide use.D) The voice is mainly a microcomputer.25. The V oice can translate ________.A) from German into any of the other four languages mentionedB) from and into English by using the same cartridgesC) between any two of the above-mentioned languagesD) from English into any of the other four languages or the other way round Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Computers may one day turn night into day—with good old, natural sunlight.Colossal computer-controlled mirrors, thousands of feet across, may one day orbit the earth, reflecting sunlight onto a darkened United States.26.The word “colossal” in Line 3 most likely means ________.A) nuclear-poweredB) orbitingC) giantD) spinning27. Which of the following is NOT TRUE of the mirrors?A) They would be made of plastic and coated with aluminum.B) They could be launched directly into space.C) They would stay in the same position over the earth.D) They could reflect sunlight to a large area on the earth.28. The reflected light should sweep slowly along the surface of the earth becausethe mirrors ________.A) would be operated by solar-powered enginesB) would orbit thousands of miles high to catch the sun’s lightC) could move around the earth at the same speed as the earth turns on its axisD) could be made to adjust their angles29. The purpose for turning night into day is to ________.A) confuse animals and plants B) light up more citiesC) save energy and deal with emergenciesD) enable people to work longer hours30. The writer of this passage ________.A) gives an objective account of the mirrorsB) seems to be much worried about the effect of the mirrorsC) is in favour of the wide use of the mirrorsD) suggests that artificial daylight is harmful to living beingQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.As supplier of most of the food we eat and of raw materials for many industrial processes, agriculture is clearly an important area of the economy. But the industrial performance of agriculture is even more important than this. For in nations where the productivity of farmers is low, most of the working population is needed to raise food and few people are available for production of investment goods or for other activities required for economic growth. Indeed, one of the factors related most closely to the per capital income (人均收入)31.This passage is most probably ________.A) a news itemB) part of an introduction of a bookC) part of a lectureD) an advertisement32. What is most important to agriculture is ________.A) the amount of food it producesB) the per capital income of farmersC) its industrial performanceD) the production of investment goods33. The word “this” in Line 4 refers to ________.A) the provision of food and raw materialsB) the productivity of farmersC) the production of investment goodsD) the economy as a whole34. The performance of farmers essentially determines ________.A) the size of the working populationB) the organization of agricultureC) the market structureD) the general development of economy35. This passage will most probably be followed by a discussion of ________.A) the structure of American farming populationB) the market structure of American agricultureC) the various functions of American agricultureD) the organization of American agricultureQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Before 1945, hardly anyone outside of New Mexico had ever heard of Alamogordo. In 1960 its population numbered 21,723. Ever since 1898, when the town had been built by the Southern Pacific Railroad, Alamogordo had been a lonely town. The land around it was largely desert, and largely empty.36.What is the main topic of this passage?A) The secret of Alamogordo.B) A new kind of war.C) The destructive force of the first atomic bomb.D) The selection of the test site for the first atomic bomb.37. Which of the following is the main reason for choosing Alamogordo as the testsite?A) It always had an enjoyable climate.B) It was connected to other cities by a railway.C) Its location would hide the secret well.D) It was situated in southwestern New Mexico.38. When was the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima?A) As soon as the secret was revealedB) At dawn on July 16, 1945C) Immediately after the testD) Several weeks after the test39. After the first atomic bomb explosion, everybody agreed that ________.A) it was wise to choose Alamogordo as the test siteB) man had entered the age of nuclear warfareC) it was not wise to use such a powerful weaponD) it was not possible to keep the technology of making atomic bombs secret40. The tone of this passage is one of ________.A) anxietyB) satisfactionC) encouragementD) fearPart II Reading Comprehension。

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) 2 hours.B) 3 hours.C) 4 hours.D) 5 hours.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they will start at 9 o’clock in the morning and have to finish at 2 in the afternoon. Therefore, D) “5 hours”is the correct answer. You should choose [D] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) He watched television with his friend.B) He stayed at home talking with his friend.C) He went to see a film with his friend.D) He went to see his schoolmate.2. A) When the meeting is to be held.B) Who are going to attend the meeting.C) Where the meeting is to be held.D) What’s to be discussed at the meeting.3. A) The necessity of writing to Mr. Johnson.B) Who is going to contact Mr. Johnson.C) The arrangement of the Wednesday meeting.D) Where they are going to meet Mr. Johnson.4. A) Jack brought the tape to the party.B) The tape had been returned to Paul.C) The tape was missing.D) Jack lent his tape to Paul.5. A) The man wants to reserve a room.B) The man reserved a room some time ago.C) The man has booked a room with no bath.D) The man wants to buy a flat on the second floor.6. A) Both editions are the same price now.B) It has two editions with the same cover.C) The paperback edition is on sale.D) The hardcover edition is more expensive.7. A) His TV sets are all of the same brand.B) He doesn’t have the newest models right now.C) He has the best TV sets for sale.D) His TV sets have a good sale.8. A) He must hand in a report about the museum.B) He has already visited the museum.C) He has to read a history book.D) He is too busy to go with her.9. A) They are rewarding.B) They are entertaining.C) They are boring.D) They are time-consuming.10. A) A sunny day.B) A raincoat.C) An attractive hut.D) A lovely hat.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestion 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) She sat back and relaxed.B) She decided to retire.C) She entered university.D) She worked out a new English program.12. A) 8 years.B) 20 years.C) 16 years.D) 30 years.13. A) Bring a great deal of useful experience to the university.B) Improve human relationships in the university.C) Bring a fear of aging among young students on the campus.D) Improve the reputation of the university.14. A) She is learning English and Drama.B) She is learning how to make sound judgments.C) She is learning how to teach minority students.D) She is learning to perceive, not to judge.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. A) The difference between classical music and rock music.B) Why classical music is popular with math students.C) The effects of music on the results of math tests.D) How to improve your reasoning ability.16. A) Because it stimulates your nerve activity.B) Because it keeps you calm.C) Because it strengthens your memory.D) Because it improves your problem solving strategies.17. A) Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.B) The effects of music do not last long.C) The more you listen to music, the higher your test scores will be.D) Music, whether classical or rock, helps improve your memory.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. A) To drive the car automatically.B) To measure the driver’s pulse.C) To prevent car accidents.D) To monitor the driver’s health.19. A) It sends out signals for help.B) It sounds an alarm to warn the driver.C) It takes over the driving immediately.D) It stops the car automatically.20. A) It monitors the signals transmitted from the driver’s brain.B) It can measure the driver’s alcohol level in the blood.C) It can quicken the driver’s response to emergencies.D) It bases its analysis on the driver’s heartbeat.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Direction: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B) C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:The view over a valley of a tiny village with thatched（草盖的）roof cottages around a church; a drive through a narrow village street lines with thatched cottages painted pink or white; the sight in parts of England. Most people will agree that the thatched roof is an essential part of the attraction of the English countryside.Thatching is in fact the oldest of all the building crafts practiced in the BritishIsles（英论诸岛）. Although thatch has always been used for cottage and farm buildings, it was once used for castles and churches, too.Thatching is a solitary（独自的）craft, which often runs in families. The craft of thatching as it is practiced toady has changed very little since the Middle Ages. Over 800 full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining and renewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. Many property owners choose thatch not only for its beauty but because they know it will keep them cool in summer and warm in winter.In fact, if we look at developing countries, over half the world lives under thatch, but they all do it in different ways. People in developing countries are often reluctant to go back to traditional materials and would prefer modern buildings. However, they may lack the money to allow them to import the necessary materials. Their temporary mud huts with thatched roofs of wild grasses often only last six months. Thatch which has been done the British way lasts from twenty to sixty years, and is an effective defiance against the heat.21. Which of the following remains a unique feature of the English countryside?A) Narrow streets lined with pink or white houses.B) Rolling hills with pretty farm buildings.C) Cottages with thatched roofs.D) churches with cottages around them.22. What do we know about thatching as a craft?A) It is a collective activity.B) It is practised on farms all over England.C) It is quite different from what it used to be.D) It is in most cases handed down among family members.23. Thatched houses are still preferred because of _________.A) their style and comfortB) their durabilityC) their easy maintenanceD) their cheap and ready-made materials24. People in developing countries also live under thatch because ________.A) thatched cottages are a big tourist attractionB) thatched roof houses are the cheapestC) thatch is an effective defense against the heatD) they like thatched houses better than other buildings25. We can learn from the passage that _________.A) thatched cottages in England have been passed down from ancient timesB) thatching is a building craft first created by the English peopleC) the English people have a special liking for thatched housesD) most thatched cottages in England are located on hillsidesPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:President Coolidge’s statement, “The business of America is business,”stillpoints to an important truth today-that business institutions have more prestige（威望）in American society than any other kind of organization, including the government. Why do business institutions posses this great prestige?One reason is that Americans view business as being more firmly based on the ideal of competition than other institutions in society. Since competition is seen as the major source of progress and prosperity by most Americans, competitive business institutions are respected. Competition is not only good in itself, it is the means by which other basic American values such as individual freedom, equality of opportunity, and hard work are protected.Competition protects the freedom of the individual by ensuring that there is no monopoly（垄断）of power. In contrast to one, all-powerful government, many businesses compete against each other for profits. Theoretically, if one business tries to take unfair advantage of its customers, it will lose to competing business which treats its customers more fairly. Where many businesses compete for the customers’dollar, they cannot afford to treat them like inferiors or slaves.A contrast is often made between business, which is competitive, and government, which si a monopoly. Because business is competitive, many Americans believe that it is more supportive of freedom than government, even though government leaders are elected by the people and business leaders are not. Many Americans believe, then, that competition is as important, or even more important, that democracy in preserving freedom.Competition in business is also believed to strengthen the ideal of equality of opportunity. Competition is seen as an open and fair race where success goes to the swiftest person regardless of his or her social class background. Competitive success is commonly seen as the American alternative to social rank based on family background. Business is therefore viewed as an expression of the idea of equality of opportunity rather than the aristocratic（贵族的）idea of inherited privilege.26. The statement “The business of America is business”probably means “________”.A) The business institutions in America are concerned with commerceB) Business problems are of great importance to the American governmentC) Business is of primary concern to AmericansD) America is a great power in world business27. Americans believe that they can realize their personal values only ________.A) when given equality of opportunityB) through doing businessC) by protecting their individual freedomD) by way of competition28. Who can benefit from business competition?A) Honest businessmen.B) Both businessmen and their customers.C) People with ideals of equality and freedom.D) Both business institutions and government.29. Government is believed to differ strikingly from business in that governmentis characterized by ________.A) its absolute control of powerB) its function in preserving personal freedomC) its role in protecting basic American valuesD) its democratic way of exercising leadership30. It can be inferred from the passage that the author believes _________.A) Americans are more ambitious than people in other countriesB) in many countries success often depends on one’s social statusC) American businesses are more democratic than those in other countriesD) businesses in other countries are not as competitive as those in AmericaPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisers have appealed to people’s desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers’money.Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago a brand of bread was offer to dieters（节食者）with the message that there were fewer calories （热量单位，大卡）in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic（适合于节食的）, but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin, but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer’s real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it? Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumers still control the final buying decision.31. Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless products by _________.A) stressing their high qualityB) convincing him of their low priceC) maintaining a balance between quality and priceD) appealing to his buying motives32. The reason why the bread advertisement is misleading is that ________.A) thin slices of bread could contain more caloriesB) the loaf was cut into regular slicesC) the bread was not genuine breadD) the total number of calories in the loaf remained the same33. The passage tells us that _______.A) sometimes advertisements really sell what the consumer needsB) advertisements occasionally force consumers into buying things they don’t needC) the buying motives of consumers are controlled by advertisementsD) fire insurance is seldom a worthwhile investment34. It can be inferred from the passage that a smart consumer should _________.A) think carefully about the benefits described in the advertisementsB) guard against the deceiving nature of advertisementsC) be familiar with various advertising strategiesD) avoid buying products that have strong emotional appeal35. The passage is mainly about ________.A) how to make a wise buying decisionB) ways to protect the interests of the consumerC) the positive and negative aspects of advertisingD) the function of advertisements in promoting salesPassage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:So long as teachers fail to distinguish between teaching and learning, they will continue to undertake to do for children that which only children can do for themselves. Teaching children to read is not passing reading on to them. It is certainly not endless hours spent in activities about reading. Douglas insists that “reading cannot be taught directly and schools should stop trying to do the impossible.”Teaching and learning are two entirely different processes. They differ in kind and function. The function of teaching is to create the conditions and the climate that will make it possible for children to devise the most efficient system for teaching themselves to read. Teaching is also public activity: It can be seen and observed.Learning to read involves all that each individual does to make sense of the world of printed language. Almost all of it is private, for learning is an occupation of the mind, and that process is not open to public scrutiny.If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in the quest（探索）for knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children.”When the roles of teacher and learner are seen for what they are, and when both teacher and learner fulfil them appropriately, then much of the pressure and feeling of failure for both is eliminated. Learning to read is made easier when teachers create an environment where children are given the opportunity to solve the problem of leaning to read by reading.36. The problem with the reading course as mentioned in the first paragraph is that _______.A) it is one of the most difficult school coursesB) students spend endless hours in readingC) reading tasks are assigned with little guidanceD) too much time is spent in teaching about reading37. The teaching of reading will be successful if ________.A) teachers can improve conditions at school for the studentsB) teachers can enable students to develop their own way of readingC) teachers can devise the most efficient system for readingD) teachers can make their teaching activities observable38. The word “scrutiny”(Line 3, Para.3) most probably means “_________”.A) inquiryB) observationC) controlD) suspicion39. According to the passage, learning to read will no longer be a difficult task when _________.A) children become highly motivatedB) teacher and learner roles are interchangeableC) teaching helps children in the search for knowledgeD) reading enriches children’s experience40. The main idea of the passage is that _________.A) teachers should do as little as possible in helping students learn to readB) teachers should encourage students to read as widely as possibleC) reading ability is something acquired rather than taughtD) reading is more complicated than generally believedPart III V ocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.41 A person’s calorie requirements vary ________ his life.A) across B) throughoutC) over D) within42 A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ________ were surprising.A) as results B) which resultsC) the results of it D) the results of which43 Generous public funding of basic science would _________ considerable benefits for the country’s health, wealth and security.A) lead to B) result fromC) lie in D) settle down44 In a time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keep ___________ with the rapid changes of society.A) step B) progressC) pace D) touch45 __________ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her parents wishedfor.A) The girl was educated B) The girl educatedC) The girl’s being educated D) The girl to be educated46 __________ the calculation is right, scientists can never be sure that they have included all variables and modeled them accurately.A) Even if B) As far asC) If only D) So long as47 My train arrives in New York at eight o’clock tonight. The plane I would like to take from there _________ by then.A) would leave B) will have leftC) has left D) had left48 The speech which he made __________ the project has bothered me greatly.A) being concerned B) concernedC) be concerned D) concerning49 Harry was ________ by a bee when he was collecting the honey.A) stung B) stuckC) bitten D) scratched50 The thief tried to open the locked door but _________.A) in no way B) in vainC) without effect D) at a loss51 All flights _________ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take the train.A) had been canceled B) have been canceledC) were canceled D) having been canceled52 __________ seeing the damage he had done, the child felt ashamed.A) By B) OnC) At D) For53 Remember that customers don’t ________ about prices in that city.A) debate B) consultC) dispute D) bargain54 Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night, no matter what we ___________ during the day.A) should have done B) may have doneC) would have done D) must have done55 I hope that you’ll be more careful in typing the letter. Don’t _________ anything.A) lack B) withdrawC) omit D) leak56 This crop does not do well in soils ___________ the one for which it has been specially developed.A) outside B) other thanC) beyond D) rather than57 “You are very selfish. It’s high time you ________ that you are not the most important person in the world,”Edgar said to his boss angrily.A) realized B) have realizedC) realized D) should realize58 These two areas are similar _________ they both have a high rainfall during this season.A) to that B) besides thatC) in that D) except that59 The tomato juice left brown __________ on the front of my jacket.A) spot B) pointC) track D) trace60 If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you when you fell, you ________ now.A) wouldn't be smiling B) couldn’t have smiledC) won’t smile D) didn’t smile61 The committee is totally opposed ________ any changes being made in the plans.A) of B) onC) to D) against62 We’ll visit Europe next year _________ we have enough money.A) lest B) untilC) unless D) provided63 My father seemed to be in no __________ to look at my school report.A) mood B) emotionC) attitude D) feeling64 When he realized the police had spotted him, the man ______ the exit as quickly as possible.A) made off B) made forC) made out D) made up65 I was advised to arrange for insurance _________ I needed medical treatment.A) nevertheless B) althoughC) in case D) so that66 Frankly speaking, I’d rather you __________ anything about it for the time being.A) didn’t do B) haven’t doneC) don’t do D) have done67 I’m sorry I can’t see you immediately; but if you’d like to take a seat, I’ll be with you _________.A) for a moment B) in a momentC) for the moment D) at the moment68 The trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasn’t bothered by his loudness _______ by his lack of talent.A) than B) more thanC) as D) so much as69 Our new house is very _________ for me as I can get to the office in five minutes.A) adaptable B) comfortableC) convenient D) available70 Our journey was slow because the train stopped __________ at different villages.A) unceasingly B) graduallyC) continuously D) continuallyPart IV Short Answer Questions (15 minutes)Directions: In this part there is a short passage with five questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words (not exceeding 10 words.)Would be language teachers everywhere have one thing in common: they all want some recognition of their professional status and skills, and a job. The former requirement is obviously important on a personal level, but it is vital if you are to have any chance of finding work.Ten years ago, the situation was very different. In virtually every developing country, and in many developed countries as well, being a native English speaker was enough to get you employed as an English teacher.Now employers will only look at teachers who have the knowledge, the skills and attitudes to teach English effectively. The result of this has been to raise non-native English teachers to the same status as their native counterparts (相对应的人) ？something they have always deserved but seldom enjoyed. Non-natives are now happy ？linguistic discrimination (语言上的歧视) is a thing of the past.An ongoing research project, funded by the University of Cambridge, asked a sample of teachers, teacher educators and employers in more than 40 countries whether they regard the native/non-native speakers distinction as being at all important. “NO”was the answer. As long as candidates could teach and had the required level of English, it didn’t matter who they were and where they came from. Thus, a new form of discrimination ？this time justified because it singled out the unqualified ？liberated the linguistically oppressed (受压迫的). But the Cambridge project did more than just that: it confirmed that the needs of native and non-native teachers are extremely similar.Questions: (注意：答题尽量简短，超过10个词要扣分。

洛基英语，中国在线英语教育领导品牌With only about 1,000 pandas left in the world, China is desperately trying to clone the animal and save the endangered species. That’s a move similar to what a Texas A&M University researcher has been undertaking for the past five years in a project called “Noah’s Ark.”Dr. Duane Kraemer, a professor in Texas A&M’s College of Veterinary Medicine a nd a pioneer in embryo(胚胎) transfer work and related procedures, says he salut es the Chinese effort and “I wish them all the best success possible. It’s a wo rthwhile project, certainly not an easy one, and it’s very much like what we’re attempting here at Texas A&M—to save animals from extinction.”Noah’s Ark is aimed at collecting eggs, embryos, semen(精子) and DNA of endang ered animals and storing them in liquid nitrogen. If certain species should beco me extinct, Kraemer says there would be enough of the basic building blocks to r eintroduce the species in the future.It is estimated that as many as 2,000 species of mammals, birds and reptiles w ill become extinct over the next 100 years. The panda, native only to China, is in danger of becoming extinct in the next 25 years.This week, Chinese scientists said they grew an embryo by introducing cells fr om a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese white rabbit. They are n ow trying to implant the embryo into a host animal.The entire procedure could take from three to five years to complete.“The nuclear transfer of one species to another is not easy, and the lack of available panda eggs could be a major problem,”Kraemer believes. “They will p robably have to do several hundred transfers to result in one pregnancy. It take s a long time and it’s difficult, but this could be groundbreaking science if it works. They are certainly not putting any live pandas at risk, so it is worth t he effort,”adds Kraemer, who is one of the leaders of the Missyplicity Project at Texas A&M, the first ever attempt at cloning a dog.“They are trying to do something that’s never been done, and this is very sim ilar to our work in Noah’s Ark. We’re both trying to save animals that face exti nction.I certainly applaud their effort and there’s a lot we can learn from wha t they are attempting to do. It’s a research that is very much needed.”61. The aim of “Noah’s Ark”project is to .A) implant embryo into a host animalB) salute the Chinese efforts in saving pandasC) save endangered animals from extinctionD) introduce cells from a dead female panda into the egg cells of a Japanese w hite rabbit62.How long will the Chinese panda cloning project take according to th epassage?A) 1 Year.B) 3 to 5 years.C) 2 years.D) 25 years.63. The word “groundbreaking”(Paragraph 7) can be interpreted as [CD#3 ].A) esentially newB) pioneeringC) evolutionaryD) epoch making64. What could be the major problem in cloning pandas according to Profes sor Kraemer?A) Lack of available panda eggs.B) Lack of host animals.C) Lack of qualified researchers.D) Lack of funds.65. The best title for the passage may be [CD#3].A) China—the Native Place of Pandas ForeverB) China’s Efforts to Clone PandasC) China’s First Cloned PandaD) Exploring the Possibility to Clone Pandas一、难句释疑(见文中下划线句子)【框架分析】本句为主从复合句，if引导表示将来虚拟的非真实条件状语从句，主句中says后为that宾语从句。

1999年1⽉⼤学英语四级考试试卷、答案（阅读）1999年1⽉⼤学英语四级考试试卷、答案Part I Reading ComprehensionQuestions 01-05 are based on the following passage:The concept of culture has been defined many times, and although no definition has achieved universal acceptance, most of the definitions include three central ideas: that culture is passed n from generation to generation, that a culture represents a ready-made prescription for living and for making day-to-day decisions, and, finally, that the components of a culture are accepted by those in the culture as good, and true, and not to be questioned. The eminent anthropologist George Murdock has listed seventy-three items that characterize every known culture, past and present. The list begins with Age-grading and Athletic sports, runs to Weaning and Weather Control, and includes on the way such items as Calendar, Firemaking, Property Rights, and Toolmaking. I would submit that even the most extreme advocate of a culture of poverty viewpoint would readily acknowledge that, with respect to almost all of these items, every American, beyond the first generation immigrant, regardless of race or class, is a member of a common culture. We all share pretty much the same sports. Maybe poor kids don't know how to play polo, and rich kids don't spend time with stickball, but we all know baseball, and football, and basketball. Despite some misguided efforts to raise minor dialects to the status of separate tongues, we all, in fact, share the same language. There may be differences in diction and usage, but it would be ridiculous to say that all Americans don't speak English. We have the calendar, the law, and large numbers of other cultural items in common. It may well be true that on a few of the seventy-three items there are minor variations between classes, but these kinds of things are really slight variations on a common theme. There are other items that show variability, not in relation to class, but in relation to religion and ethnic background-funeral customs and cooking, for example. But if there is one place in America where the melting pot is a reality, it is on the kitchen stove; in the course of one month, half the readers of this sentence have probably eaten pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein. Specific differences that might be identified a signs of separate cultural identity are relatively insignificant within the general unity of American life; they are cultural commas and semicolons in the paragraphs and pages of American life.01. According to the author's definition of culture, ____ .A. a culture should be accepted and maintained universallyB. a culture should be free from falsehood and evilsC. the items of a culture should be taken for granted by peopleD. the items of a culture should be accepted by well-educated people02. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?A. Baseball, football and basketball are popular sports in America.B. Pizza, hot pastrami, and chow mein are popular diet in America.C. There is no variation in using the American calendar.D. There is no variation in using the American language.03. It can be inferred that all the following will most probably be included in the seventy-three items except ____.A. heir and heritageB. childrearing practicesC. dream patternsD. table manners04. By saying that "they are cultural commas and semicolons..." the author means that commas and semicolons ____.A. can be interpreted as subculture of American lifeB. can be identified as various ways of American lifeC. stand for work and rest in American lifeD. are preferred in writing the stories concerning American life05. The author's main purpose in writing this passage is to ____.A. prove that different people have different definitions of cultureB. inform that variations exist as far as a culture is concernedC. indicate that culture is closely connected with social classesD. show that the ideathat the poor constitute a separate culture is an absurdityQuestions 06-10 are based on the following passage:It is 3A.M. Everything on the university campus seems ghostlike in the quiet, misty darkness - everything except the computer center. Here, twenty students rumpled and bleary-eyed, sit transfixed at their consoles, tapping away on the terminal keys. With eyes glued to the video screen, they tap on for hours. For the rest of the world, it might be the middle of the night, but here time does not exist. This is a world unto itself. These young computer "hackers" are pursuing a kind of compulsion, a drive so consuming it overshadows nearly every other part of their lives and forms the focal point of their existence. They are compulsive computer programmers. Some of these students have been at the console for thirty hours or more without a break for meals or sleep. Some have fallen asleep on sofas and lounge chairs in the computer center, trying to catch a few winks but loathe to get too far away from their beloved machines.Most of these students don't have to be at the computer center in the middle of the night. They aren't working on assignments. They are there because they want to be - they are irresistibly drawn there.And they are not alone. There are hackers at computer centers all across the country. In their extreme form, they focus on nothing else. They flunk out of school and lose contact with friends; they might have difficulty finding jobs, choosing instead to wander from one computer center to another. They may even forgo personal hygiene."I remember one hacker. We literally had to carry him off his chair to feed him and put him to sleep. We really feared for his health," says a computer science professor at MIT.Computer science teachers are now more aware of the implications of this hacker phenomenon and are on the lookout for potential hackers and cases of computer addiction that are already severe. They know that the case of the hackers is not just the story of one person's relationship with a machine. It is the story of a society's relationship to the so-called thinking machines, which are becoming almost ubiquitous.06. We can learn from the passage that those at the computer center in the middle of the night are ____.A. students working on a programB. students using computers to amuse themselvesC. hard-working computer science majorsD. students deeply fascinated by the computer07. Which of the following is NOT true of those young computer "hackers"?A. Most of them are top students majoring in computer programming.B. For them, computer programming is the sole purpose for their life.C. They can stay with the computer at the center for nearly three days on end.D. Their "love" for the computer is so deep that they want to be near their machines even when they sleep.08. It can be reasonably inferred from the passage that ____.A. the "hacker" phenomenon exists only at university computer centersB. university computer centers are open to almost everyoneC. university computer centers are expecting outstanding programmers out of the "hackers"D. the "hacker" phenomenon is partly attributable to the deficiency of the computer centers09. The author's attitude towards the "hacker" phenomenon can be described as ____.A. affirmativeB. contemptuousC. anxiousD. disgusted10. Which of the following may be a most appropriate title for the passage?A. The Charm of Computer ScienceB. A New Type of Electronic ToysC. Compulsive Computer ProgrammersD. Computer AddictsQuestions 11-15 are based on the following passage:Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary. Different occupations, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts, and other vocations, like farming and fishery, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary, is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fibre of our language. Hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood, than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, divinity, and philosophy have also, in their older strata, become pretty familiar to cultivated persons and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary. Yet every vocation still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political science and in the mechanic arts. Here new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages are confined to special discussions, and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all professions once were, a close guild. The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, the divine, associated freely with his fellow-creatures, and does not meet them in a merely professional way. Furthermore, what is called "popular science" makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote or provincial laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it - as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace.11. Special words used in technical discussion ____.A. never last longB. are considered artificial language speechC. should be confined to scientific fieldsD. may become part of common speech12. It is true that ____.A. an educated person would be expected to know most technical termsB. everyone is interested in scientific findingsC. the average man often uses in his own vocabulary what was once technical language not meant for himD. various professions and occupations often interchange their dialects and jargons13. In recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of technical terms in the terminology ofA. farmingB. sportsC. governmentD. fishery14. The writer of the article was, no doubt ____.A. a linguistB. an essayistC. a scientistD. an attorney15. The author's main purpose in the passage is to ____.A. describe a phenomenonB. be entertainingC. argue a beliefD. propose a solutionQuestions 16-20 are based on the following passage:In the days immediately following hurricane Andrew's deadly visit to South Florida, Allstate Insurance hastily dispatched more than 2,000 extra claim adjusters to the devastated area to assist the 200 stationed there. Many of the reserves arrived in convoys of motor homes. Others flew in from as far away as Alaska and California. Since the storm had knocked out telephone lines, Allstate rushed to set up its own communications system. Allatate expects to pay out 1.2 billion to cover more than 121,000 damage claims as a result of Andrew.All told, U.S. property and casualty insurers have been hit with more than 8 billion in Andrew-related claims, making the hurricane the most costly single calamity to strike the industry since the San Francisco earthquake and fire in 1906 (cost: 6 billion, after inflation). With claims continuing to pour in, Andrew threatens to take a painful toll on the already battered property-casualty insurance industry and its 100 million policy-holders. The final bill, analysts predict, is likely to top 10 billion. While most well-capitalized insurers are expected to weather the storm, less anchored firms are in danger of being blown away, leaving U.S. consumers stuck with the tab. Says Sean Mooney, senior researcher at the Insurance Information Institute: "It will take years before the industry digs itself out from the wreckage left by Andrew. Some [companies] will be buried by it."Hurricane Andrew is the latest in a string of mishaps to plague the American insurance industry this year. In April an overflowing Chicago River flooded the city's downtown district, costing insurers 300 million in claims. A month later, Los Angeles was rocked by the worst civilian riot in the U.S. since the Civil War. The insurance toll: 1 billion. Then came a series of major hailstorms in Texas, Florida an Kansas. They cost insurers a combined 700 million. And two weeks after Andrew, another lethal hurricane, Iniki, smashed into Hawaii, causing 1.4 billion in damages. In all, property and casualty insurers have paid out a record 13 billion in claims so far this year, far surpassing the previous high of 7.6 billion in 1989, the year of Hurricane Hugo and California's Bay Area earthquake. Just as in that year, when those catastrophes were followed by substantial increases in insurance premiums, insurers are already lobbying for rate relief.16. According to the passage, "Allstate Insurance" most likely refers to ____.A. one of the property and casualty insurers in the U.S.B. the only insurance company responsible for the damage claims by AndrewC. the insurance industry as a wholeD. the biggest insurance company in the U.S.17. As is stated in the second paragraph, the result of Hurricane Andrew is likely to ____.A. lead to inflation throughout the U.S.B. make the largest insurers suffer the mostC. put the industry in Sough Florida out of actionD. cause insurers with insufficient funds to go bankrupt18. Using context clues, we may infer that "stuck with the tab" most probably means ____.A. "caught in the hurricane"B. "exposed to natural disasters"C. "trapped in financial difficulties"D. "extremely vulnerable to further damages"19. The end of the passage implies that, to compensate for their huge loss, the insurers will ____.A. resort to a very big increase in insurance premiumsB. ask for subsidies from the federal governmentC. reduce their insurance coverage thereafterD. require a higher interest rate from the bank20. The main purpose of the passage is to ____.A. show the severe damages and heavy losses caused by Hurricane AndrewB. suggest that U.S. insurers are virtually unable to cover the damage claims any moreC. tell about the difficult situation faced by the insurers throughout the U.S.D. prove that disasters tend to cause ever worsening devastation as time goes on答案：Part I Reading Comprehension01.C 02.D 03.C 04.A 05.D 06.D 07.A 08.B 09.C 10.D11.D 12.C 13.C 14.A 15.A 16.A 17.D 18.C 19.A 20.C。

1999-2003年四级真题阅读及完型译文1999年1月四级阅读译文Passage One山谷中一个小巧玲珑的村庄，村庄中一座茅草屋顶的小房子围绕着教堂；一条穿过两旁漆成粉色或白色的茅草屋顶村舍的狭窄小道，起伏的山丘上的一排排美丽的茅草屋顶农场建筑--这些仍是英格兰一些地区的常见的景观。

大多数人会同意茅草屋顶的英国乡村所具魅力的最重要的一部分。

实际上盖茅草屋顶是英伦诸岛建筑工艺中最古老的一种。

虽然茅草一直用于盖村舍和农场建筑物，也曾一度用于建筑城堡和教堂。

盖茅草屋顶是一项独特的工艺，常常是家庭世代相传的。

像现在我们所使用的茅草屋顶工艺从中世纪以来几乎就没有什么变化。

现在英格兰、威尔士有800多名专职盖茅草屋顶的工人，他们不但维修和更换老屋顶，还盖新屋顶。

许多房主选择茅草屋顶不仅是为了美观，而且还因为他们知道茅草能使他们冬暖夏凉。

事实上如果我们看看发展国家，世界半数以上的人口居住在茅草屋顶下，但他们的做法则不同。

发展中国家的人经常不愿意用传统材料，而更喜欢现代建筑。

然而，他们可能没有钱进口必需的材料。

临时搭建的野草屋顶的土屋常常只能维持半年。

用英国工艺制做的茅草屋顶能维修20年到60年之久，而且能有效地防暑。

Passage Two柯立芝总统说，“美国的事业就是工商业”，今天这句话仍然指出了一个很重要的真理：工商业机构在美国社会比任何其他组织，包括美国政府，威望更高。

为什么商机机构有这么大的威望呢？一个原因就是美国人把工商业视为比社会任何其他机构都更坚定地以竞争目标为基础。

既然竞争被美国人看作是进步和繁荣的主要源泉，竞争的工商业机构就受人尊敬。

不仅竞争本身是好的，它还是保护美国其他价值观念，如个人自由、机会平等、勤奋工作等的手段。

竞争通过保证没有权力垄断而保护个人自由。

与全能的政府不同，许多工商机构为了利润而互相竞争。

从理论上讲，如果一个工商企业想不公平地占顾客的便宜，那它就会输给较公平地对待顾客的竞争对手。

1990年1月英语四级真题及答案Part I Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both theconversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each questionthere will be pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices markedA), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a line through the centre.Example:You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. There fore, A) “At the office” is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the centre.Sample Answer [A] [B] [C] [D]1. A) The man wants to go to Los Angeles.B) The man wants to go to San Francisco.C) There are no flights to Los Angeles for the rest of the day.D) There are two direct flights to Los Angeles within the next two hours.2. A) He enjoys writing home every week.B) He never fails to write a weekly letter home.C) He doesn’t write home once a week now.D) He has been asked to write home every week.3. A) Because she has got an appointment.B) Because she doesn’t want to.C) Because she has to work.D) Because she wants to eat in a new restaurant.4. A) The teacher postponed the meeting.B) There won’t be a test this afternoon.C) The students will be attending the meeting.D) The students will take an English test this afternoon.5. A) On the whole, she liked the film.B) She didn’t see the film.C) The film was very exciting.D) The film wasn’t as good as she’d expected.6. A) Around 5:00.B) Around 3:00.C) At 2:00.D) At 1:00.7. A) He had to work overtime.B) He was held up in traffic.C) His car ran out of gas.D) He had a traffic accident.8. A) John Smith isn’t in right now.B) John Smith can’t come to the phone right now.C) John Smith doesn’t want to speak to the caller.D) The caller dialed the wrong number.9. A) Yesterday.B) Three days ago.C) Two days ago.D) Early last week.10. A) She got up later than usual.B) The bus was late.C) She forgot she had classes.D) Her clock was slow.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 13 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. A) 4,000 years ago.B) 3,000 years ago.C) 2,000 years ago.D) 1,000 years ago.12. A) The small bowl was put above the large bowl.B) The large bowl was put above the small bowl.C) The small bowl was put inside the large bowl.D) The large bowl consisted of two equal parts.13. A) Horsemen.B) Brass doors.C) Drops of water.D) Metal balls.Passage TwoQuestions 14 to 16 are based on the passage you have just heard.14. A) They are the most attractive women in Britain.B) They are the most popular film stars.C) They are the first women news announcers on British television.D) They appear almost every night in TV plays.15. A) At 10 in the evening.B) At 9 in the evening.C) At 9 in the morning.D) At 10 in the morning.16. A) People still talk a lot about it.B) Fewer people watched Susan’s programme from then on.C) Anna’s photographs appeared frequently in newspapers.D) The number of viewers of her programme that day increased by millions.Passage ThreeQuestions 17 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.17. A) It is completely flat.B) It has few rivers.C) It has many large lakes.D) It is hilly.18. A) The soil has been overworked.B) The climate is cold.C) The weather is too dry.D) The soil is sandy.19. A) By raising cattle.B) By working on farms.C) By working in factories.D) By raising sheep.20. A) At school.B) From their parents.C) From books.D) In factories.Part II Reading Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and markthe corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line throughthe centre.Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Oceanography has been defined as “The application of all sciences to the study of the sea”.Before the nineteen century, scientists with an interest in the sea were few and far between. Certainly Newton considered some theoretical aspects of it in his writings, but he was reluctant to go to sea to further his work.For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travelers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to askmany questions about it, let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface. The first time that question “What is at the bottom of the oceans?” had to be answered with any commercial consequence was when the laying of a telegraph cable from Europe to America was proposed. The engineers had to know the depth profile (起伏形状) of the route to estimate the length of cable that had to be manufactured.It was to Maury of the US Navy that the Atlantic Telegraph Company turned, in 1853, for information on this matter. In the 1840s, Maury had been responsible for encouraging voyages during which soundings (测声) were taken to investigate the depths of the North Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Later, some of his findings aroused much popular interest in his book The Physical Geography of the Sea.The cable was laid, but not until 1866 was the connection made permanent and reliable. At the early attempts, the cable failed and when it was taken out for repairs it was found to be covered in living growths, a fact which defied contemporary scientific opinion that there was no life in the deeper parts of the sea.Within a few years oceanography was under way. In 1872 Thomson led a scientific expedition (考察), which lasted for four years and brought home thousands of samples from the sea. Their classification and analysis occupied scientists for years and led to a five-volume report, the last volume being published in 1895.21. The proposal to lay a telegraph cable from Europe to America made oceanographicstudies take on ________.A) an academic aspectB) a military aspectC) a business aspectD) an international aspect22. It was ________ that asked Maury for help in oceanographic studies.A) the American NavyB) some early intercontinental travelersC) those who earned a living from the seaD) the company which proposed to lay an undersea cable23. The aim of the voyages Maury was responsible for in the 1840s was ________.A) to make some sounding experiments in the oceansB) to collect samples of sea plants and animalsC) to estimate the length of cable that was neededD) to measure the depths of the two oceans24. “Defied” in the 5th paragraph probably means “________”.A) doubtedB) gave proof toC) challengedD) agreed to25. This passage is mainly about ________.A) the beginnings of oceanographyB) the laying of the first undersea cableC) the investigation of ocean depthsD) the early intercontinental communicationsPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Normally a student must attend a certain number of courses in order to graduate, and each course which he attends gives him a credit which he may count towards a degree. In many American universities the total work for a degree consists of thirty-six courses each lasting for one semester. A typical course consists of three classes per week for fifteen weeks; while attending a university a student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. Normally a student would expect to take four years attending two semesters each year. It is possible to spread the period of work for the degree over a longer period. It is also possible for a student to move between one university and another during his degree course, though this is not in fact done as a regular practice.For every course that he follows a student is given a grade, which is recorded, and the record is available for the student to show to prospective employers. All this imposes a constant pressure and strain of work, but in spite of this some students still find time for great activity in student affairs. Elections to positions in student organizations arouse much enthusiasm. The effective word of maintaining discipline is usually performed by students who advise the academic authorities. Any student who is thought to have broken the rules, for example, by cheating has to appear before a student court. With the enormous numbers of students, the operation of the system does involve a certain amount of activity. A student who has held one of these positions of authority is much respected and it will be of benefit to him later in his career.26. Normally a student would at least attend ________ classes each week.A) 36B) 20C) 12D) 1527. According to the first paragraph an American student is allowed ________.A) to live in a different universityB) to take a particular course in a different universityC) to live at home and drive to classesD) to get two degrees from two different universities28. American university students are usually under pressure of work because ________.A) their academic performance will affect their future careersB) they are heavily involved in student affairsC) they have to observe university disciplineD) they want to run for positions of authority29. Some students are enthusiastic for positions in student organizations probablybecause ________.A) they hate the constant pressure strain of their studyB) they will then be able to stay longer in the universityC) such positions help them get better jobsD) such positions are usually well paid30. The student organizations seem, to be effective in ________.A) dealing with the academic affairs of the universityB) ensuring that the students observe university regulationsC) evaluating students’ performance by bringing them before a courtD) keeping up the students’ enthusiasm for social activitiesPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Do you find getting up in the morning so difficult that it’s painful? This might be called laziness, but Dr. Kleitman has a new explanation. He has proved that everyone has a daily energy cycle.During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you’re “hot”. That’s true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the afternoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: “Get up, John! You’ll be late for work again!” The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has. You can’t change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you’re sleepy in the eveningbut feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If our energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won’t change your cycle, but you’ll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.31. If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ________.A) he is a lazy personB) he refuses to follow his own energy cycleC) he is not sure when his energy is lowD) he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening32. Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage?A) Unawareness of energy cycles.B) Familiar monologues.C) A change in a family member’s energy cycle.D) Attempts to control the energy cycle of other family members.33. If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should________.A) change his energy cycleB) overcome his lazinessC) get up earlier than usualD) go to bed earlier34. You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ________.A) help to keep your energy for the day’s workB) help you to control your temper early in the dayC) enable you to concentrate on your routine workD) keep your energy cycle under control all day35. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A) Getting off to work wit a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.B) Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peaks at different hours of day.C) Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.D) Children have energy cycles, too.Passage FourQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.We find that bright children are rarely held back by mixed ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming (把…按能力分班) pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to cope with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is appropriate. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. An advanced pupil can do advanced work: it does not matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to attain this goal.36. In the passage the author’s attitude towards “mixed-ability teaching” is________.A) criticalB) questioningC) approvingD) objective37. By “held back” (Line 1) the author means “________”A) made to remain in the same classesB) forced to study I the lower classesC) drawn to their studiesD) prevented from advancing38. The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of thestudent’s ________.A) personal qualities and social skillsB) total personalityC) learning ability and communicative skillsD) intellectual ability39. Which of the following is NOT MENTIONED in the third paragraph?A) Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with other.B) Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.C) Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be capableorganizers.D) Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.40. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to ________.A) argue for teaching bright and not-so-bright pupils in the same classB) recommend pair work and group work for classroom activitiesC) offer advice on the proper use of the libraryD) emphasize the importance of appropriate formal classroom teachingPart III Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four Choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that bestcompletes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single time through the centre.41. The bridge was named ________ the hero who gave his life for the cause of the people.A) afterB) withC) byD) from42. There were no tickets ________ for Friday’s performance.A) preferableB) considerableC) possibleD) available43. It wasn’t such a good dinner ________ she had promised us.A) thatB) whichC) asD) what44. They decided to chase the cow away ________ it did more damage.A) unlessB) untilC) beforeD) although45. ________ student with a little common sense should be able to answer the question.A) EachB) AnyC) EitherD) One46. All ________ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.A) what is neededB) for our needsC) the thing neededD) that is needed47. ________ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem highat all.A) When comparedB) CompareC) While comparingD) Comparing48. ________ she first heard of the man referred to as a specialist.A) That was from StephenB) It was Stephen whomC) It was from Stephen thatD) It was Stephen that49. If these shoes are too big, ask the clerk to bring you a smaller ________.A) suitB) setC) oneD) pair50. Many new ________ will be opened up in the future for those with a universityeducation.A) opportunitiesB) necessitiesC) realitiesD) probabilities51. He must have had an accident, or he ________ then.A) would have been hereB) had to be hereC) should be hereD) would be here52. It was essential that the application forms ________ back before the deadline (截止日期).A) must be sentB) would be sentC) be sentD) were sent53. We ________ our breakfast when an old man came to the door.A) just have hadB) have just hadC) just hadD) had just had54. The rain was heavy and ________ the land was flooded.A) consequentlyB) continuouslyC) constantlyD) consistently55. The children went there to watch the iron tower ________.A) to erectB) be erectedC) erectingD) being erected56. The engine ________ smoke and steam.A) gives upB) gives inC) gives awayD) gives off57. The manager promised to keep me ________ of how our business was going on.A) to be informedB) on informingC) informedD) informing58. Don’t ________ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.A) releaseB) relieveC) relateD) retain59. She never laughed, ________ lost her temper.A) or she ever didB) nor did she everC) or did she everD) nor she ever did60. The goals ________ he had fought all his life no longer seemed important to him.A) after whichB) for whichC) with whichD) at which61. I should like to rent a house, modern, comfortable and ________ in a quietneighborhood.A) all in allB) above allC) after allD) over all62. ________ we have finished the course, we shall start doing more revision work.A) For nowB) Now thatC) Ever sinceD) By now63. What you have done i s ________ the doctor’s orders.A) attached toB) responsible toC) resistant toD) contrary to64. John regretted ________ to the meeting last week.A) not goingB) not to goC) not having been goingD) not to be going65. They ________ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A) carried outB) carried offC) carried onD) carried forward66. Mrs. Brown is supposed ________ for Italy last week.A) to have leftB) to be leavingC) to leaveD) to have been left67. My camera can be ________ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) treatedB) adjustedC) adoptedD) remedied68. A new technique ________, the yields as a whole increased by 20 per cent.A) wording outB) having worded outC) having been worded outD) to have been worded out69. Children who are over-protected by their parents may become ________.A) hurtB) damagedC) spoiledD) harmed70. When Mr. Jones gets old, he will ________ over his business to his son.A) takeB) handC) thinkD) getPart IV Cloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You shouldchoose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the correspondingletter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. __71__ these wide modern Roads are generally __72__ and well maintained, with __73__ sharp curves and many straight __74__, a direct route is not always the most __75__ one. Large highways often pass __76__ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally __77__ large urban centres which means that they become crowded with __78__ traffic during rush hours, __79__ the “fast, direct” way becomes a very slow route.However, there is __80__ always another route to take __81__ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the __82__ new “superhighways”, there are often older, __83__ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. __84__ of these are good two-lane (双车道) roads; others are uneven roads __85__ through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high __86__, or down frightening hillsides to towns __87__ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places __88__ the air is clean and the scenery (风景) is beautiful, and the driver may have a __89__ to get a fresh, clean __90__ of the world.71. A) AlthoughB) BecauseC) SinceD) Therefore72. A) stableB) splendidC) smoothD) complicated73. A) littleB) fewC) muchD) many74. A) selectionsB) separationsC) seriesD) sections75. A) terribleB) possibleC) enjoyableD) profitable76. A) toB) intoC) overD) by77. A) leadB) connectC) collectD) communicate78. A) largeB) fastC) light79. A) whenB) forC) butD) that80. A) yetB) stillC) almostD) quite81. A) unlessB) ifC) asD) since82. A) relativelyB) regularlyC) respectivelyD) reasonably83. A) andB) lessC) moreD) or84. A) AllB) SeveralC) LotsD) or85. A) drivingB) crossingC) curvingD) traveling86. A) rocksB) cliffsD) paths87. A) lyingB) layingC) laidD) lied88. A) thereB) whenC) whichD) where89. A) spaceB) periodC) chanceD) spot90. A) viewB) varietyC) visitD) virtuePart V Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition about What Would Happen If There Were No Power in three paragraphs. You are given thefirst sentence or part of the first sentence of each paragraph. Your partof the composition should be no less than 100 words, not including the wordsgiven. Remember to write clearly. You should write this composition on theComposition Sheet.1. Ever since early this century, electricity has become an essential part of ourmodern life.2. If there were no electric power.3. Therefore.1990年1月四级参考答案Part IPart IIPart IIIPart IV。