分词的用法
一、现在分词作状语的用法
1、用法特点：现在分词或现在分词短语作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等。例如：
1) Having finished doing his homework, the student went out for playing football.(时间)
那学生做完作业后，出去踢足球了。
2）Being a League member, he takes the lead at every turn. (原因)
他作为一个团员，事事处处起模范带头作用。
3）Having any time, I will join you in your games. (条件)
如果我有时间，我会加入你们的比赛。
4) Being an old man, he works hard like a young people.（让步）
虽然他老了，但是他干起活来像年轻人一样。
5) Her parents passed away one after another, leaving her lots of money. (结果)
她父母相继去世，结果给她留下一大笔钱。
6) Children left the classroom, talking and laughing. (方式或伴随)
孩子们又说又笑离开了教室。
2、语法关系：当现在分词作时间、原因、条件或让步状语时，如果前后主语一致，那么可以换成相应的时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句。例如：
1) Listening to the radio, the old man went out for a walk.(时间)
=While he was listening to radio, the old went for a walk.
那老人一边听收音机，一边散步。
2) Being a class cadre, Wang Jun sets a good example to his classmates.(原因)
=As he is a class cadre, Wang Jun sets a good example to his classmates.
王俊作为一个班干部，为班上的同学树立好榜样。
3）Not listening to us, you will feel regretful one day.（条件）
=If you don’t listen to us, you will feel regretful one day.
如果你不听我们的，有朝一日又会感到后悔的。
4) Being in poor condition, Iraq can get help from many other countries.(让步)
Although it is in poor condition, Iraq can get help from many other countries.
虽然伊拉克情况不妙，但是它能得到许多其他国家的帮组。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. Playing outdoors, you must be careful for your safety. (改为时间状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________
2. Though we have little time, we might as well finish our task.(改为分词短语作状语)
__________________________________________________________________
3. They gave us lots of help, making us finish our task very soon. (改为并列句)
__________________________________________________________________
4. Being a Party member, he often takes the lead. (改为原因状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________
5. If I am in good health, I will work to more than sixty years old.( 改为分词短语作状语)
__________________________________________________________________
II. Complete the sentences, using the present participle.
. 1. The few customers walked into the supermarket, _____________ .(笑着)
2. ________________________(如果买到了那本书)，he’ll lend it to you.
3. ________________________(因为有丰富的经验)，she can do it well by herself.
4. ________________________(吃饭时)，don’t talk mouth to mouth.
5. ________________________(虽然个子不高)，the child plays basketball wonderfully. III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. ___ the house on fire, he dialed 119.
A. To see
B. Seeing
C. Having seen
D. Being seen ( ) 2. __ a satisfactory operation, the doctor believed the patient would recover from his illness very soon.
A. Having been given
B. Having given
C. Giving
D. Being given
( ) 3. When I got into my room, I heard her __________ in the next room.
A. singing
B. sang
C. sing
D. to sing
( ) 4.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, __ that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added ( ) 5.China is one of the largest countries in the world, ______ 9.6 million square (平方)kilometers.
A. to cover
B. covered
C. covers
D. covering ( ) 6. _ many times, he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He having been told
D. telling ( ) 7. __different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce
B. Being produced
C. Produced
D. Having produced ( ) 8. He went from door to door, __ waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
( ) 9. __ how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know
B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not
D. Not known ( )10. with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem high at all.
A. Comparing
B. To compare
C. Compared
D. Having compared
三、真题零距离
（）1. the city centre, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
(2010·上海)
A. Approaching
B. Approached
C. To approach
D. To be approached ( ) 2. A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city, _____ all four people on board. (2009·上海)
A. killed
B. killing
C. kills
D. to kill
( ) 3. David threatened ______ his neighbor to the police if the damages were not paid.
(2009·上海)
A. to be reported
B. reporting
C. to report
D. having reported
二、现在分词作定语的用法
1、用法特点：现在分词作定语常表动作正在发生或性质特征。单个的现在分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前（偶尔放在其后），现在分词短语作定语须放在被修饰的词之后。例如：
1) The sleeping baby is only five months old. （表正在发生）
在睡觉的那个婴儿只有五个月大。
2) Professor Wang’s inspiring lecture attracted many students.（表性质特征）
王教授的具有感召力的演讲吸引了不少学生。
3) The student listening to MP3 over there is a newcomer. (表正在发生)
在那边听MP3的那位同学是一位新来的。
4) The boy making a face at the teacher’s desk is a naughty kid. (表正在发生)
在讲台旁做鬼脸的那个男孩是个顽皮的家伙。
5) I’m very sorry I have lost the interesting novel.(表性质特征)
非常对不起，我已经把那本有趣味的小说丢了。
2、语法关系：
A. 某些作定语用的单个现在分词现已趋向于形容词化，请同学们务必记住。例如：interesting, disappointing, amazing, inspiring, exciting, boring, pleasing, surprising, amusing, remaining, frightening, astonishing, tiring , moving etc.
B. 现在分词作定语常可转化为定语从句。例如：
1) I watched an exciting football game on TV yesterday.
=I watched a football game which is exciting on TV yesterday.
昨天我在电视上观看了一场令人兴奋的足球赛。
2) The girl performing an experiment is from Pudong, Shanghai.
=The girl who is performing an experiment is from Pudong, Shanghai.
3) The teacher attending class in our classroom is a teaching researcher.
=The teacher who is attending class in our classroom is a teaching researcher.
在我们教室听课的那位老师是一位为教研员。
C. 当定语从句换成现在分词作定语时，一定要注意从句与被修饰的词在逻辑主语上保持一致。例如：
1) My father told me a story that is amusing last night.
=My father told me an amusing story last night.
昨晚我爸爸给我讲了一个令人发笑的故事。
2) The singer who is singing on the stage is just Liu Huan.
=The singer singing on the stage is just Liu Huan.
在台上唱歌的那位歌手正是刘欢。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. The girl is my sister. She is dancing on the sports ground. (合并为现在分词作定语)
______________________________________________________________________.
2. The stranger smoking in the shop is a thief. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
______________________________________________________________________.
3. There is a tall tree which covers the entrance to the cave.（将划线部分改为分词）
_______________________________________________________________________.
4. The funny-looking monkey is waving to you. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
_______________________________________________________________________.
5. The water is much too dirty to drink. It is running. (合并为现在分词作定语)
_______________________________________________________________________.
II. Complete the sentences, using the present participle.
1.The _________________ (令人失望的) boy student is always late for class.
2.The professor ___________________________________(正在大厅作报告的) comes from Beijing University.
3.The doctor __________________________________ (在给你妈妈动手术的) is more than sixty years old.
4.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __________ (剩余的) 20 doctors．
5.Japan, _______________________________ (属于发达国家)，lies to the east of China. III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. Here are some new computer programs _________ for home buildings.
A. designing
B. design
C. designed
D. to design
( ) 2. The price will save you one dollar for each dozen.
A. reduce
B. reducing
C. reduced
D. reduces ( ) 3. The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden
B. stealing, hiding
C. stealing, hidden
D. stolen, hiding ( ) 4. A person __ a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language ___all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget
B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting
D. learning, forgetting
( ) 5. The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to
B. going to
C. leading to
D. turning to ( ) 6. Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider
B. considering
C. considered
D. be considered ( ) 7 What’s the language in Germany?
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. be spoken
D. to speak
( ) 8. They found a old woman on the ground when the door was broken down.
A. dying, lying
B. dead, lied
C. death, laying
D. died, lain
( ) 9. On a morning the little girl was found at the corner of the street.
A. freezing…freezing
B. freezing…frozen
C. frozen…frozen
D. frozen…freezing ( ) 10.---I’d like to buy an expensive camera.
---Well, we have several models _______ .
A. to choose from
B. to choose
C. to be chosen
D. for choice
三、真题零距离
( ) 1.The disc, digitally ________ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night.
(2004·上海）
A. recorded
B. recording
C. to be recorded
D. having recorded
( ) 2. I’m going to the supermarket this afternoon. Do you have anything ________ ?
（20004·上海春）
A. to be buying
B. to buy
C. for buying
D. bought ( ) 3. The prize of the game show is $30,000 and an all expenses _________ vacation to China.
(2005·北京)
A. paying
B. paid
C. to be paid
D. being paid
三、现在分词作表语和宾语补足语的用法
1、用法特点：
1）现在分词作表语，常表示主语的性质特征，其功能相当于形容词作表语的用法，可用程度副词加以修饰。例如：
(1) The basketball match I watched on TV last night is exciting.
昨晚我在电视上看的那场篮球赛令人激动。
(2) Last week my elder sister bought a book which is very amusing.
上周，我姐姐买了一本非常有趣味的书。
2)现在分词作宾语补足语，常表该句子的宾语正在发生的动作或其性质特征，涉及的动词主要有hear, feel, see, find, notice, watch, observe, have, keep, get, catch, send etc.例如：
(1) The old man felt his heart beating faster and faster.
老人感觉到自己的心脏跳得愈来愈快了。
(2) Yesterday I caught a thief stealing a purse from a lady.
昨天，我抓住了一位小偷在偷一位女士的钱包。
(3) Nowadays, I find my little dog, Wang Wang, very interesting.
如今，我发现我的小狗旺旺很有趣味。
2、语法关系：
1）现在分词与动名词作表语的区别。现在分词表主语的性质特征，其功能相当于形容词，其前可用程度副词加以修饰；动名词作表语表主语的身份、工作、职业，其功能相当于名词，其前不能用程度副词修饰，可与主语掉换位置。例如：
(1) The novel I borrowed from the school library is very moving.(现在分词)
我从学校图书馆借的那本小说非常感人。
(2) A nurse ant’s full job is laying eggs. (动名词)
=Laying eggs is a nurse ant’s full job. 保育蚁的专职工作是产卵。
2) 现在分词与动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别。现在分词表宾语的动作正在发生或表宾语的性质特征，强调动作的部分过程；动词不定式作宾补表宾语动作的全过程，不强调动作正在发生。例如：
(1) I find Lily watching TV in her room.(现在分词)
我发现莉莉在她房间里看电视。
(2) He felt the story you told very inspiring.（现在分词)
他觉得你讲的故事很鼓舞人。
(3) The teacher tell us to practice speaking English every day.（动词不定式）
老师嘱咐我们每天练习说英语。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. I found the lost boy. He was playing by the river. (合并为现在分词作宾补)
______________________________________________________________________.
2. She bought a good-looking picture-book last month. It shows the picture-book is
very__________. (根据前一句完成后一句)
3. I feel my pulse __________ (beat) faster and faster.（用所给动词的正确形式填空）
4. __________ (teach) Chinese is my full-time job . (用所给动词的正确形式填空)
5. When I got there, I found my bike still ____________________ (repair). (用所给动词的正确形式填空)
II. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese meanings.
1.We noticed the murderer ____________________________ (在给某人打电话) when we walked out of the hotel. .
2.The plan they made is ______________________________ (非常令人失望的).
3.__________________________ (看好婴儿) is her main task.
4.Don’t have the horse __________________________________ (老是不停地跑)．
5.They felt your lecture ____________________ （听起来很累）, so they went away in less than twenty minutes.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1. “We must keep a secret of the things here”, the general said, at the man in charge of the information office.
A. discussed, stared seriously
B. being discussed, seriously staring
C. to be discussed, seriously stared
D. discussed, stared
( ) 2.The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, that he had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added
B. to add
C. adding
D. added ( ) 3. the composition, John handed it to the teacher and went out of the room.
A. Writing
B. Having written
C. Written
D. Being written ( ) 4.Were you when you saw that wild animal?
A. fright
B. frightening
C. frightened
D. frighten ( ) 5.Properly with numbers, the books can be easily found.
A. marked
B. mark
C. to mark
D. marking ( ) 6.At this moment the bell rang the end of class.
A. announce
B. announcing
C. announced
D. to announce ( ) 7.He walked down the hills, softly to himself.
A. sing
B. singing
C. sung
D. to sing
( ) 8.I had to shout to make myself above the noise.
A. heard
B. hearing
C. hear
D. to hear
( ) 9.The graduating students are busy material for their reports.
A. collect
B. to collect
C. collected
D. collecting ( )10.The cars in Beijing are as good as those in Shanghai.
A. produce, produce
B. produced, produced
C. produced, producing
D. producing, producing
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. If there’s a lot of work ______, I am happy to just keep on until it is finished. (2008·上海)
A. to do
B. to be doing
C. done
D. doing ( ) 2. Something as simple as ______ some cold water may clear your mind or relieve pressure.
(2008·上海)
A. to drink
B. drinking
C. to be drinking
D. drunk ( ) 3. Ideally _____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park is a favourite with many guests. (2008·上海)
A. locating
B. being located
C. having been located
D. located
四、现在分词的完成时和被动式的用法
1、用法特点：
1）现在分词的完成式。现在分词完成式的结构是having + past participle, 它常用作状语，表示动作发生在主句谓语之前，或强调动作持续一段时间后，谓语动词才会发生，先后关系较为明显。例如：
(1) Having finished doing his homework, the child went out for playing football.
那孩子做完家庭作业后才出去踢足球。
(2) Having seen the answer to the problem, I thought of the way of solving it.
见到题目的答案，我才想起解题的方法。
2) 现在分词的被动式。现在分词被动式的结构有两种形式：一是一般式的被动式，其结构为being + past participle；二是完成式的被动式，其结构为having been + past participle。一般式表正在发生的被动行为，完成时表已经完成的被动行为。现在分词的被动式常作定语或状语，它们都与主语存在逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
(1) The building being built now is our new library. (一般式被动式作定语)
正在修建的那座楼房是我们的新图书馆。
(2) Having been beaten, the girl was black and blue all over.(完成式被动式作状语)
女孩挨打后，全身青一块紫一块。
2、语法关系：现在分词的完成时或被动式，无论作定语还是状语都可换成相应的定语从句或状语从句。例如：
1) The bike being repaired in the repair shop is Li Hua’s. (作定语)
=The bike which is being repaired in the repair shop is Li Hua’s. (定语从句)
正在修理店修理的那辆单车是李华的。
2) Having read English for half an hour, the student stopped to have a rest.（作状语）
=After he had read English for half an hour, the student stopped to have a rest. (状语从句)
那位学生读了半小时的英语后，停下来休息了一会儿。
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. The baby is being fed with milk. It was born last month. (合并为现在分词作定语)
__________________________________________________________________________.
2. After she had read the instructions, the woman started to take medicine. (将划线部分改为分词)
__________________________________________________________________________.
3. The patient having been operated on recovered well. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________.
4. Having had his supper, the old man went out for walk. (将划线部分改为状语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________.
5. The problem ___________ (put ) forward to at the meeting now is very difficult to deal with.
(用所给动词的适当形式填空)
II. Complete the sentences, using the present participle.
1.The house _________________________ (在改建的) at present was set up fifty years ago.
2.The recorder _________________________(已卖出去的) was made in Japan.
3.____________________________________(进行大量的研究后), the scientist set out to write his research paper.
4.With his injured leg _______________ (在治疗), he had to lie on the bed.
5.__________________________ (作完报告后)，the professor from Shanghai International Studies University left the meeting place.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1．The meeting this evening is of great importance．
A．holding B．held C．to hold D．to be held ( ) 2. —How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
—The key the problem is to meet the demand by the customers．
A．to solving；making B．to solving；made C．to solve；making D．to solve；made
( ) 3．The computer centre，last year，is very popular among the students in this schoo1．A．open B．opening C．having opened D．opened
( ) 4．The man on now is my brother．
A．to be operated B．being operated C．operated D．been operated ( ) 5．The first textbooks for teaching English as a foreign 1anguage came out in the 16th century．
A．have written B．to be written C．being written D．written
( ) 6．The 0lympic Games，in 776 B．C，did not include women players until 1912．A．first played B．to be first played
C．first playing D．to be first playing
( ) 7. The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the ．
A．20 dollars remained B．20 dollars to remain
C．remained 20 dollars D．remaining 20 dollars
( )8. With the money , he couldn't buy any ticket.
A. to lose
B. losing
C. lost
D. has lost
( ) 9. the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown
B. Showing
C. Has shown
D. Having been shown ( )10. He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. ___ in the queen for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (2008·福建)
A. Waiting
B. To wait
C. Having waited
D. To have waited ( ) 2. The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent _____at the end of last March. (2007·山东)
A．has been launched B．having been launched
C．being launched D．to be launched
( ) 3. ______ into use in April 2000, the hotline was meant for residents reporting water and heating supply breakdowns.（2005·上海）
A. Put
B. Putting
C. Having put
D. Being put
五、过去分词作状语和定语的用法
1、用法特点：过去分词无论作状语还是作定语，都表被动、表完成，偶尔表状态。
1）状语。过去分词作状语主要是说明谓语动作发生的背景或条件，与句子主语有逻辑上的被动主谓关系，表示原因、时间、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。这时的过去分词既可置于主句前，也可置于主句后，常用逗号与主句隔开。例如：
(1) Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. ( 表时间)
当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
(2) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (表原因)
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
(3) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (表条件)
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
(4) Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. (表让步)
尽管再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
(5) He stood there silently, moved to tears. （作方式或伴随）
他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。
2）定语。过去分词作定语，单个的放在被修饰词之前，短语放在被修饰词之后，与被修饰的词有逻辑上的被动关系。例如：
(1) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
(2) Who were the so-called guests invited to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
2、语法关系：
1）当过去分词作时间、原因、条件和让步状语时，分别可换成相应的时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句和让步状语从句。例如以上的5句分别可改为：
(1) Asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty. ( 表时间)
=When he was asked why he did it, the monitor said it was his duty.(时间状语从句)
当被问及这件事时，班长说这是他的职责。
(2) Caught in a heavy rain, he was all wet. (表原因)
=As he was in a heavy rain, he was all wet.(原因状语从句)
因为他淋了一场大雨，所以全身湿透了。
(3) Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. (表条件)
=If they are grown in rich sail, these seeds can grow fast.(条件状语从句)
如果这些种子种在肥沃的土壤里，它们就能长得很快。
(4) Defeated again, he didn’t lose heart. (表让步)
=Although he was defeated again, he didn’t lose heart.
尽管他再次被击败，但他没有灰心。
2) 当过去分词作定语时，不管是单个的还是短语都可换成相应的定语从句。例如以上的两句分别可改为：
(1) The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
=The workers who were injured are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。
(2) Who were the so-called guests invited to your party last night?
=Who were the so-called guests who had been invited to your party last night?
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些所谓的客人是谁呀?
二、巩固提高
I. Transform the following sentences according to the requirements in the bracket.
1. Choked by the heavy smoke, he could hardly breathe.(将划线部分改为状语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________.
2. This will be the best novel of its kind ever written. (将划线部分改为定语从句)
_________________________________________________________________________.
3. If it had been given better attention, the accident could have been avoided.( 将划线部分改
为分词短语)
__________________________________________________________________________.
4. The broken glass is my roommate, Hong Hong’s.( 将划线部分改为定语从句)
__________________________________________________________________________.
5. If we are compared with you, we still have a long way to go. (将划线部分改为分词短语)
__________________________________________________________________________.
II. Complete the sentences, using the past participle..
1.Autumn comes near. There are ___________________________ (落叶) on the ground.
2.The pupil ________________________________________ (被带到老师办公室的) is only nine years old this year.
3.The old man went into the room, _________________________( 后面跟着一条狗).
4._________________________ (如果多浇点水), these cabbages could have grown better.
5._________________________ (当被孤独地留在房间里时), the baby began to cry.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1.The result of the test was rather .
A. disappointed
B. disappointing
C. being disappointed
D. disappoint ( ) 2.I've never heard the word in spoken English.
A. use
B. used
C. using
D. to use
( ) 3. how to do the homework, I went to ask my teacher for help.
A. Not to know
B. Not knowing
C. Knowing not
D. Not known
( ) 4.Deeply , I thanked her again and again.
A. being moving
B. moved
C. moving
D. to be moved
( ) 5.With winter on, it's time to buy warm clothes.
A. came
B. comes
C. come
D. coming
( ) 6.______ the office, the foreign visitors were shown round the teaching building.
A. Having shown
B. Showing
C. Has shown
D. Having been shown ( ) 7.He went from door to door, waste papers and magazines.
A. gathering
B. gathered
C. gather
D. being gathered
( ) 8.The student corrected his paper carefully, the professor's suggestions.
A. follow
B. following
C. followed
D. being followed
( ) 9.People in the city do not know the pleasure of country life.
A. live
B. to live
C. lived
D. living
( )10.The foreigner tried his best, but he still couldn't make his point .
A. understand
B. understanding
C. to understand
D. understood
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. More and more people are signing up for Yoga classes nowadays, ____ advantage of the health and relaxation benefits.（2005·上海）
A. taking
B. taken
C. having taken
D. having been taken ( ) 2. The flowers ____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.
（2004·上海）
A. to smell
B. smelling
C. smelt
D. to be smelt
( ) 3. The old man, ____________abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. （2004·江苏）
A. to work
B. working
C. to have worked
D. having worked
六、过去分词作表语和宾语补足语的用法
1、用法特征：
1) 表语。过去分词作表语常表主语的状态或所具备的特征，其功能相当于形容词，其前可用quite, much, very等程度副词加以修饰。过去分词除作be动词的表语外，还可作appear, feel, remain, seem, look和get的表语。get 的常见的搭配有：get dressed/ hurt/ separated/ changed/ damaged/ burnt/ lost/ married/ drunk/ divorced等。例如：
(1) Our classroom is crowded. 我们的教室很拥挤。
(2) He told me that his father was dead drunk last night.
他告诉我他爸爸昨晚喝得烂醉的。
(3) Last month I got lost on the way to the county seat.
上个月，我在去县城的路上迷路了。
(4) I remained very tired though I had a rest. 尽管我休息了一下，但我仍然很疲劳。
(5) Children looked puzzled. 孩子们看起来迷惑不解。
2) 宾补。过去分词作宾语补足语一般都来自及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。英语中，带过去分词作宾补的动词不多，常见的如下：keep, leave, have, make, watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find, want, wish, like, expect, order等。例如：
(1) Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.不要让窗户一直像这样破着。
(2) The villagers had many trees planted just then.就在那时，村民们叫人种了许多树。
(3) When we got to school, we saw the door locked.当我们到学校时，我们看见门锁着。
(4) I want the suit made to his own measure.我想要这套衣服照他自己的尺寸做。
2、语法关系：
过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别。过去分词作表语与系动词被称作为“系表结构”，表主语的状态、特征，可用程度副词加以修饰，其功能相当于形容词，而被动语态则强调被动的动作，其后可带by引进动作执行者，不能用程度副词加以修饰。例如：
(1) All the doors are locked. 所有的门都是锁着的。（过去分词）
(2) He felt thoroughly broken down. 他觉得身体彻底垮了。（过去分词）
(3) The door was locked by our monitor. 门是咱们班长锁的。（被动语态）
(4) My desk and your desk are damaged by someone.（被动语态）
你的课桌和我的课桌都被人损坏了。
二、巩固提高
I. Fill in the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs given.
1. Hurry to turn off the gas. Your rice has got ____________. (burn)
2. We have had our recorder ____________. (fix)
3. The sergeant ordered the robber ____________ (take) to the police station.
4. I felt very ____________ (tire) after I had hiked a long time.
5. I found my door ____________ (unlock) when I went home.
II. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese meanings.
1.Her elder brother really got ____________ (醉了)，didn’t he?
2.I arrived at the school gate, only to find my purse ____________ (被偷了)
3.When we heard his moving story, we were all very ____________. (受鼓舞)
4.These children got ____________ (分开了) in the noisy street.
5.We were ____________ (感动得) to tears when we saw the flood victims.
III. Choose the best answer.
( ) 1.The scientists were waiting to see the problem .
A. settle
B. settled
C. to settle
D. settling
( ) 2.The ground is with leaves.
A. covering, falling
B. covered, falling
C. covered, fallen
D. covering, fallen
( ) 3.Lessons easily were soon forgotten.
A. to learn
B. learn
C. learned
D. learning
( ) 4.The wallet several days ago was found in the dustbin outside the building.
A. stolen, hidden
B. stealing, hiding
C. stealing, hidden
D. stolen, hiding
( ) 5.A person a foreign language must be able to use the foreign language all about his own.
A. to learn, to forget
B. learning, to forget
C. to learn, forgetting
D. learning, forgetting ( ) 6. different kinds of pianos, the workers farther improved their quality.
A. To produce
B. Being produced
C. Produced
D. Having produced
( ) 7.The students in the university are all taking courses a degree.
A. coming to
B. going to
C. leading to
D. turning to
( ) 8.Many things impossible in the past are very common today.
A. consider
B. considering
C. considered
D. be considered
( ) 9. many times, he still couldn’t understand.
A. Having been told
B. Having told
C. He having been told
D. telling
( )10.China is one of the largest countries in the world, 9.6 million square kilometers.
A. to cover
B. covered
C. covers
D. covering
三、真题零距离
( ) 1. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English in a short period.(2007·福建)
A. improved
B. improving
C. to improve
D. improve
( ) 2. Due to the heavy rain and flooding , ten million people have been forced _____their homes. (2008·上海春)
A. leaving
B. to leave
C. to be left
D. being left ( ) 3. Throughout history, the language _____ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization.
(2008·上海春)
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. to speak
D. to be spoken
-ing分词用法归纳 1. -ing分词概述 -ing分词的基本形式是由动词加-ing 构成，与动词的现在分词形式一致。 -ing分词的主要变化形式有一般式和完成式；一般式和完成式中又分别有主动形式及被动形式。详见下表： 2. -ing分词的意义 (1) -ing分词所表示的动作常与谓语动词的动作同时发生。如： He used to stand there thinking. 他过去常站在那儿思考。 They held activities celebrating their culture. 他们举行活动来庆祝他们的文化。 (2) -ing分词若在suggest, insist等动词后或作结果状语时，表示的动作常发生在谓语动词的动作之后； He suggested us practicing English every day. 他建议我们每天练习英语。 He insists on going with us together. 他坚持要跟我们一起去。 Her mother went away alone, leaving her crying there. 她母亲一个人走了，让她一个人在那儿哭。 (3) -ing分词若在forget, regret, remember等动词后或作时间状语时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。如： Can you still remember living there? 你还能记得在那里的生活情况吗？ I don’t regret helping him, though he is unkind to us. 尽管他对我们不友好，我对帮助他还是不后悔。 (4) -ing分词若在介词before, after之后，动作的先后依介词before, after的意义而定。如： I often read some newspaper before getting to sleep. 我在入睡前常要看一看报纸。 (5) -ing分词表泛指意义的动作或状态时，没有时间意义。如： Keeping on doing morning exercises is a good habit. 坚持做早操是一种好的习惯。 (6) -ing分词的完成式表示所发生的动作在谓语动词的动作之前。如： Not having received her answer, he decided to write to her again. 由于没有收到她的回信，他决定再给她写封信。 (7) -ing分词的主动形式，表明逻辑主语所动作的发出者；过去分词表明逻辑主语是动作的承受者。如： Seeing from the top of the mountain, you will find the town very beautiful. 你从山顶上看，就会发现这座城市很美。 Seen from the top of the mountain, the town looks beautiful. 从山顶上看去，这座城市看起来很美。 (8) -ing分词的否定式是在-ing分词前面加否定词not。如： Not knowing what to do, he went to ask the teacher for help. 由于不知道该怎么做，他去请求老师的帮助。 Not having made it clear, he went to ask the teacher about it again. 由于他没有弄明白，他又去向老师询问这件事。 3. -ing分词的句法功能
不定式作定语的用法 不定式及其短语作定语，与其他短语作定语一样，一般都放在被修饰的词之后，通常表示一个将来的动作，有时也可以表示某一过去的特定动作。 一些名词后常用不定式作定语，如：chance(机会），way(方法），time(时间）等；另外，the first,the second,the last,the only等作名词或者它们作形容词用来修饰代词，它们或它们所修饰的代词后，也常用不定式作定语。 不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰词之间存在的关系复杂，有的是主谓关系；有的是动宾关系；有的是动状关系，还有的不存在主谓、动宾、动状关系。 1、主谓关系的 （1）We must find a person to do the work. (2) There is no one to take care of her. (3) In my family, my mother is always the first one to get up. (4) He is always the first to come and the last to leave. (5) We need someone to go and get a doctor. 2、动宾关系的 如果不定式与被修饰的词在逻辑上存在动宾关系，不定式里的动词必须是及物动词。注意：是及物动词的，后面不要再加宾语，因为前面的被修饰词是它的宾语；是不及物动词的，要加上适当的介词或副词让它变成及物动词，只有这样，它才能带上前面的宾语。 （1） He has a lot of books to read. (2) I would like a magazine to look at. (3) Here is some advice for you to follow. (4) Do you have anything else to say? (5) There is no one to take care of. (6) She has nothing to worry about.
动词-ed分词的用法 一、基本概念 1.分词的定义 1.动词的-ed 分词即过去分词，是由动词的过去分词构成，一般只有一种形式。 2.过去分词的语法作用：过去分词一方面具有动词的性质，另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词（相当于被动语），在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1）过去分词作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如： Don't touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子，它是坏的（它是被打坏的）。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2）过去分词做定语：单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面，相当于一个定语从句。 如：The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 （excited people 被激动了的人） We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。（被资质认证过的老师，或经过资质认证的老师。）过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面，相当于一个定语从句。如： Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语，前后用逗号隔开。如： The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people. 这些书是鲁迅写的，受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功，共有一千个学生出席了。 3）过去分词做状语： -ed 分词和-ing 分词作状语一样，也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。 ①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when 或while 来强调时 间概念。如： Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden. 从山顶上看，这个城市
分词作定语 分词作定语时有下面几个特点： 1) 现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词一般表示被动含意。 2) 现在分词表示正在进行，过去分词表示状态或做完(完成)的事。 He rushed into the burning house ．他冲进了正在燃烧着的房子。 The child standing over there is my brother ．站在那儿的男孩子是我弟弟。 The room facing south is our classroom ．朝南的房间是我们的教室。 Have you got your watch repaired? 你拿到那个修好的表了吗? 分词作定语时的时间关系 一般来说，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作 同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例如： Do you want to see the doctor to be sent for from Beijing? 你要见那位将从北京请来的医生吗？ Do you want to see the doctor working on the case report in the office? 你要见那位正在办公室里写病历的医生吗？ 共同点：单个分词做定语放在所修饰名词前(a swimming pool) ；分词短语（就是不仅仅由一个分词构成的用来修饰名词的短语the book written by Luxun ）做后置定语，即放名词后。 用过去分词还是现在分词做定语的判断关键：名词与该动作的关系 1.现在分词(Ving) 做定语： 从功能上看，现在分词做定语表示1）主动（及物）；2）进行（不及物）。 做定语：相当于一个定语从句(主动) Do you know the boy standing at the door? Do you know the boy who is standing at the door? A developing country needs aids. A country that/which is developing needs aids.
分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语，在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法，以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生，强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动，表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中，分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式，即-ing与-ed。一般情况下，从时态和语态两种角度来讲，现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义，我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析： 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看，现在分词表示主动含义，它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次，从时态角度看，现在分词一般表示进行的动作，相当于一个进行时态;此外，它还可以表示一般的动作，相当于一个一般的时态。综上，现在分词的意
义有两种：主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看，过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义，即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义，如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动，如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低，常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词，表达被动含义。其次，从时态角度看，过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义，相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则：其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例： 表条件：Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴，分则亡) 表时间：Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因：Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随：Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步：Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果：I went home, finding the door locked.
过去分词作定语用法 （Past Participles Used as Attributes） 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。例如：He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如：fallen leaves 落叶 retired workers 退休工人 the risen sun 升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： Is there anything unsolved? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。 This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。 5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如： 原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk
一、现在分词：在句中可以做表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。 二、现在分词的基本用法 1. 作表语：表主语的特征。如amusing, discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing。 2. 作定语： (1). 表示主动的、进行的状态：The girl wearing blue skirt is my sister. = The girl who is wearing blue skirt is my sister. （比较：The factory being built now is a big one.） (2). 说明被修饰词的性质和特征：This is an interesting story. (3). 相当于非限制性定语，常用逗号分开：Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. (4). 与adv. / n. 构成复合词作定语：This is an English-speaking country. 3. 作状语：表示主动的、进行的状态，其逻辑主语是句中的主语。(如果不是，需在v.-ing 形式前加名词或代词作逻辑主语: Time permitting, the football match will be played on Friday.) (1). 原因状语：Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home. (2). 时间状语：Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生，常在现在分词前加上when或while：While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon. (3). 条件状语：Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. (4). 让步状语：Weighing almost two hundred kilograms, the stone was moved by him alone. (5). 结果状语：He died, leaving nothing but debts. (6). 伴随状语：He sat by the desk, begging. 注意：The park was full of people, enjoying themselves in the sunshine. 由此可知伴随状语的特点：①主语所做的另一动作或②与谓语动作(状态)同时发生或③对谓语进行补充说明。(7). 方式状语：Following their teacher, the students entered the room quietly. 4. 作宾补：表示主动的、进行的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的“主表”或“主谓”关系：We all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) / I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系) 三、现在分词的两个基本特点 1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行：a developing country, boiling water, rising sun (比较: a developed country, boiled water, risen sun) 2. 在语态上表示主动：the ruling class 统治阶级，the exploiting class 剥削阶级(比较：the ruled class 被统治阶级，the exploited class 被剥削阶级) 四、独立主格结构（Absolute Phrase）由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是不定式、现在分词、过去分词、形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。其本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 A lecture to be given tomorrow, the professor has to stay up late into the night. （原因）Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow. （条件） He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. （伴随） An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. （结果） The meeting over, they all went home. （时间） Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. （结果） The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. （伴随） Another story to be completed, the writer stayed up almost every night. （目的）
分词作定语练习题 一Fill the form with V-ed 1. The ___________(steal) car was found by the police last week. 1. The book ___________________ (一本农民写的书) is very popular. 2. The ceremony(典礼)____________________（正在大厅举行的）is in memory of the hero. 3.The problem _________________________(在昨天会议上提出的) was very difficult to solve. 4. The window _________________________(被那个男孩打破的) is being repaired 5. The people _________________(暴露在阳光下的) got sunburnt. 6. The students _______________________(受到老师鼓舞的)worked harder than ever before. 7. The scientists _______________(在这儿工作的) are well paid. 二单项选择 1. Mary is a new nurse and her job is to take care of the soldiers. A. wound B. wounded C. wounding D. being
wounded 2. The meeting next Thursday mainly aims to deal with the problems linked to teenagers’mental health. A. to be held B. held C. being held D. having been held 3. Don’t use words, expressions, or phrases _____ only to people with specific knowledge. A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known 4 Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing Mining Company_____ as 3M. A. knowing. B. known. C. being known. D. to be known 5 The _____ dishes lay on the floor. A breaking. B. broken. C. broke. D. break 6 the ship______ by a huge piece of iceberg sank 沉没with its passengers. A. hitting. B. hit. C. hitted. D. to hit. 7 Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting. B. waits. C. waited. D. to wait.
授课日期时间主题分词用法详解 学习目标1. 掌握现在分词的不同形式和含义； 2. 掌握现在分词和过去分词作表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语的差别； 教学内容 1、上次课后巩固作业复习； 2、互动探索。 教学建议： 1. 此环节设计时间在15分钟。 2. 下面是李白-静夜思的两种翻译版本，对比他们在表达上有什么不一样的地方？ 3. 通过让学生对比讨论，关注两种版本在表达上的不同，引出本次课的主题，分词的运用。 4. 译文如下： In the Quiet Night So bright a gleam on the foot of my bed; Could there have been a frost already？ Lifting my head to look, i found that it was moonlight. Sinking back again, i thought suddenly of my home. Night Thoughts In front of my bed the moonlight is very bright. I wonder if that can be frost on the floor? I lift up my head and look at the full moon, the dazzling moon. I dropped my head, and thin of the home of old days. 生词备注：
gleam n. 微光，闪光 frost n. 霜，冰冻 dazzle v. 使……炫目；使……眼花 现在分词和过去分词的用法 【知识梳理1】现在分词的四种形式 现在分词除了一般式之外，还有完成式和被动式，以动词do为例，现在分词的四种形式见下表： doing being done having done having been done 1) doing：主动/进行 eg. a)I hear someone singing an English song in the next room. Last night, I heard someone singing an English song in the next room. b) The man standing on the platform is waving his hand to us. c) They stood by the roadside, begging. doing所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，与逻辑主语是主动关系。 2) being done：被动/进行 eg. The problem being discussed is very important. The museum being built there will be open to the public next year. being done所表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生，但与逻辑主语是被动关系。 3) having done：主动／完成 eg. Having done his homework, Tim played chess with his friends. Having cleaned the classroom, I went home. having done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与逻辑主语是主动关系。 4) having been done：被动/完成 eg. Having been surrounded by the flood for over a week, the villagers lacked food and medicine. Having been shown the library, the visitors were led to the audio-visual lab. having been done所表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前，与逻辑主语是被动关系。 现在分词doing (主动/进 行) being done (被动/进行)
中考英语分词用法讲解 1、分词作定语 分词前置 We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日 He is a retired worker.他是位退休的工人 分词后置(i分词词组；ii 个别分词如given, left；iii 修饰不定代词something等) There was a girl sitting there.有个女孩坐在那里 This is the question given.这是所给的问题 There is nothing interesting.没有有趣的东西 过去分词作定语 与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。 Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists. Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa. 典型例题 1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written 答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被动，相当于定语从句which is written 2）What's the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。 spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与language 有被动关系。该句可以理解为： What's the language (which is) spoken in German? 2、分词作状语 As I didn't receive any letter from him, I gave him a call. -> Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call. 由于没有收到他的信，我给他打了电话。 If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better. -> Given more attention，the trees could have grown better. 假如多给些照顾，那些树会长得更好。 典型例题 1）_____ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army. A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed 答案B. Napoleon 与follow 之间有被动的含义。being followed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。followed by（被…跟随）。本题可改为：With some officials following, Napoleon inspected his army. 2）There was a terrible noise ___ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 答案B. 由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。
英语计划总结之现在分词和过去分词作定语的意义和 用法 英语中的现在分词即动词？鄄ing形式和过去分词都可以作定语用,但它们作定语时的含义和用法各有不同.总的说来,现在分词和过去分词作定语时的特点是： 1）现在分词表示主动意义,过去分词表示被动意义. 2）现在分词表示动作正在进行,过去分词表示状态或动作已经完成,或表示被动的动作. 下面就对它们的用法和含义作一具体说明. 一、单个分词作定语修饰名词时,通常常放在被修饰的名词前面,说明被修饰名词的性质或特征.表示“……的”或“用作……的”. 1. 现在分词作定语 A. 现在分词表示主动意义.如： a moving film 一场感人的电影； the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息 B. 现在分词表示动作正在进行.如： a developing country 一个发展中国家； a sleeping boy 一个正在睡觉的男孩； boiling water 沸水 2. 过去分词作定语 A. 过去分词表示被动意义.如： boiled water 开水（烧开过
的水）； a broken cup 一个破杯子（被打破的杯子）； an honored teacher 一个被人尊敬的老师 B. 表示动作已经发生或者完成.如： an injured boy一个受伤的男孩（已经受伤）； a retired worker 一个退休工人（已经退休）； a developed country一个发达国家（已经完成发展的过程）； some fallen leaves 一些落叶（已经落下的叶子） 二、分词短语常作后置定语,放在被修饰的名词后面,相当于一个定语从句. 1. 现在分词常带有“正在……”的含义.例如： The boy standing near the window is my brother. （相当于The boy who is standing near the window is my brother.）正站在窗户旁边的那个男孩是我的兄弟. 2. 过去分词表常表示被动含义.例如： The novel written by Lu Xun is my favourite. （相当于The novel which was written by Lu Xun is my favourite.）这本鲁迅写的小说是我最喜欢的.
习题精选---分词用法: 1.The boy went to the ball,_like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2._in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made_on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When_,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed 5._to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. _his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7._on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 8.The old engineer talked of the difficulty they _the tower. A. built
动词的不定式,\分词\.动名词的区别及其用法、搭配。 答：非谓语动词包括动词不定式。动名词和分词三种形式,分词又包括现在分词和过去分词。这三种形式都是由动词变来的,但在句子中都不能作谓语,故这三种形式被称为非谓语动词。下面就这三种形式在用法上的区别浅析如下: 一、动词不定式和动名词在句子中均可作主语和表语 在表示一个具体的。个别的或将来的动作时,要用动词不定式。如: My job is to teach the first-year students grammar. To study English well is very important. 在表示比较抽象的一般的行为和动作时,二者可以互换。如: To climb mountains is a good form of exercise. Climbing mountains is a good form of exercise. 二、动名词、现在分词和动词不定式都可以作定语 1.动名词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间没有逻辑上的主谓关系,只表示被修饰名词的一般用途,必须位于名词之前。如: There is a swimming pool in our school. 2.现在分词作定语时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系,表示所修饰名词的特征。如: Listen to the singing bird. Who is the boy running towards us。 3.动词不定式作定语时,当所修饰的名词指人时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如: He is always the first to come to school. 当所修饰的名词指物时,和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如: I have a meeting to attend. 如果作定语的动词不定式中的动词是不及物动词,需加上相应的介词。如:
现在分词的用法详解 现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。 一.构成形式 doing （特殊的略）现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作 二.时态与语态 一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done 所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式 三.可作成分 定语状语补语表语 1.作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 分词短语作定语时放在后并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一 e.g. a running boy the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句 e.g. a boy who is running a girl who is standing there 注意1：分词的完成时不可作定语 注意2：在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语不用过去分词这是考试的易错点 注意3：某些现在分词作定语时已不再表示动作已经从分词变为了形容词词性eg. an interesting story an exciting match 这些也可以属于现在分词作定语但是不能转化为相应的定语从句但是可以有三级变化（原级比较级最高级）和被某些副词如very修饰 2.作补语 高中阶段只研究分词作宾补的情况不研究作主补的情况 只有两类动词可以加现在分词作宾补 1）感官动词：see hear watch feel notice observe keep find listen to look at 2）使役动词：have get catch leave set 值得注意的是：要想用现在分词来作宾补只能是用于这些词后但是并不代表这些动词后的宾补形式都要用现在分词（有些后面可以加不带to的不定式作宾补） eg.I saw him singing now. Don't have the students studying all day.
过去分词作定语用法(学生版)（Past Participles Used as Attributes） 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。 过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。例如： He is a teacher_________(love) by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。例如： _________（fall）leaves 落叶 _________(retire)workers 退休工人 the _________(rise)sun 升起了的太阳 the _________(rise)sun正在升起的太阳 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况： 1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如： We needed much more _________(qualify) workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。 My friend is a_________(return) student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如： They decided to change the material_________(use). 他们决定更换使用的材料。 2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。例如： The student dressed in white is my daughter. =The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。 3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。例如： Is there anything _________(unsolve)? 还有没解决的问题吗？ There is noting _________(change) here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。 4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方式、时间、程度、性质等意义。例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。 This is our school-run factory. 这是我们的校办工厂。 5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。例如： 原形用作定语的过去分词用作表语或谓语的过去分词 drink drunken drunk light lighted light/ lit melt melted melted sink sunken sunk We lit the candle and the candle lit up the room. 我们点着蜡烛，蜡烛照亮房间。 There is a lighted candle on the table. 桌上有一支点着的蜡烛。