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2016年北京大学翻译硕士考研真题

2016年北京大学翻译硕士考研真题
2016年北京大学翻译硕士考研真题

北京大学翻译硕士研究生入学考试试题

一、名词解释

孟子、春秋、堂吉诃德、两河流域文明、亚马孙河、舟山群岛、垓下之战、破釜沉舟、古事记、担当相、和歌、镰仓幕府、麦积山石窟、王羲之、中学为体西学为用、梁启超、国际原子能机构、中纪委、红楼梦、东罗马帝国、九品中正制、楚辞、北海道、塔里木盆地、四库全书

二、应用文写作

你是北京第二十五中学的李平,你发现很多同学在升旗仪式上没有大声唱国歌,经过你和你同学的调查发现,许多同并不会唱国歌,于是大家决定写一出倡议书,呼吁大家都能把国歌唱出来。大家推举你为执笔人,请你写一份倡议书,注意格式,400字以内。

三、作文写作

2015年11月份,北京便迎来了初雪。对这场雪,有人欢喜有人忧。请写一篇作文,题目自拟,800字以内。

翻译基础

首先词汇翻译,考了两个去年考过的:桂冠诗人、室内设计,还有就是孕妇装、付费电视、露天市场、读者文摘

英译汉:Vatican City,Union Jack,string quartet,X-rate,spaghetti,

英译汉:是关于modenity,self,self-realization,self-exploration,aesthetics,中间举例子有马克思、尼采、韦伯等人的思想,最后回归到了double consciousness(这是翻译硕士英语中排序题的主题词应该是选自同一篇文章),最后讲到modernity不再局限于西方,而是扩展到所有追求现代的人,是给所有人的poisoned gift。总体不难翻译。篇章大意也较容易理解,但是中间有两三个生词拦路虎,有点不好处理。

汉译英:讲的是禅宗和绘画之间的关系,其中论述了“胸中有丘壑”与绘画之间的关系,其中还讲了庄子的思想等等。暂且能想起来。

翻译硕士英语

首先是完形填空,难度一般,想全对也着实不易。文章出处:

https://www.doczj.com/doc/4918460194.html,.au/it-pro/how-digital-culture-is-rewiring-our-brains-201208 06-23q5p.html文章名:How digital culture is rewiring our brains,

Our brains are superlatively evolved to adapt to our environment:a process known as neuroplasticity.The connections between our brain cells will be shaped, strengthened and refined by our individual experiences.It is this personalisation of the physical brain,driven by unique interactions with the external world,that arguably constitutes the biological basis of each mind,so what will happen to that mind if the external world changes in unprecedented ways,for example,with an

all-pervasive digital technology?

A recent survey in the US showed that more than half of teenagers aged13to17 spend more than30hours a week,outside school,using computers and other web-connected devices.If their environment is being transformed for so much of the time into a fast-paced and highly interactive two-dimensional space,the brain

will adapt,for good or ill.Professor Michael Merzenich,of the University of California,San Francisco,gives a typical neuroscientific perspective.

''There is a massive and unprecedented difference in how[digital natives']brains are plastically engaged in life compared with those of average individuals from earlier generations and there is little question that the operational characteristics of the average modern brain substantially differ,''he says.

The implications of such a sweeping''mind change''must surely extend into education policy.Most obviously,time spent in front of a screen is time not spent doing other things.Several studies have already documented a link between the recreational use of computers and a decline in school performance.Perhaps most important of all,we need to understand the full impact of cyber culture on the emotional and cognitive profile of the21st-century mind.

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Inevitably,there is a variety of issues.Let us look at just three.

First,social networking.Eye contact is a pivotal and sophisticated component of human interaction,as is subconscious monitoring of body language and,most powerful of all,physical contact,yet none of these experiences is available on social networking sites.It follows that if a young brain with the evolutionary mandate to adapt to the environment is establishing relationships through the medium of a screen,the skills essential for empathy may not be acquired as naturally as in the past.

In line with this prediction,a recent study from Michigan University of14,000 college students has reported a decline in empathy over the past30years,which was particularly marked over the past decade.

Such data does not,of course,prove a causal link but just as with smoking and cancer some50years ago,epidemiologists could investigate any possible connection.

The psychologist Sherry Turkle,of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology,has argued in her recent book Alone Together:Why We Expect More from Technology and Less from Each Other that the more continuously connected people are in cyberspace,the more isolated they feel.

Second,video games.Neuropsychological studies suggest frequent and continued playing might lead to enhanced recklessness.Data also indicates reduced attention spans and possible addiction.In line with this,significant chemical and even structural changes are being reported in the brains of obsessional gamers.

No single paper is ever likely to be accepted unanimously as conclusive but a survey of136reports using381independent tests,and conducted on more than 130,000participants,concluded that video games led to significant increases in desensitisation,physiological arousal,aggression and a decrease in prosocial behaviour.

Third,search engines.Can the internet improve cognitive skills and learning,as has been argued?The problem is that efficient information processing is not synonymous with knowledge or understanding.Even the chairman of Google,Eric

Schmidt,has said:''I worry that the level of interrupt,the sort of overwhelming rapidity of information-and,especially,of stressful information-is,in fact, affecting cognition.It is,in fact,affecting deeper thinking.I still believe that sitting down and reading a book is the best way to really learn something.''

Given the plasticity of the brain,it is not surprising adapting to a

cyber-environment will also lead to positives-for example,enhanced performance in skills that are continuously rehearsed,such as a mental agility similar to that needed in IQ tests or in visuomotor co-ordination.However,we urgently need a fuller picture.

接下里是四篇阅读理解。首先,第一篇很难,大有“下马威”之意味。

最后一段突出了主题“double consciousness”,这个同后面的排序题的主题是吻合的,都是论述“double consciousness”,暂且只能想起这么些了。个人感觉第一篇读起来很吃力。后面的几篇就比较顺畅了。

第二篇记得也不大清楚了。

第三篇,原文:The rise in female employment also seems to have coincided with(or perhaps precipitated)a similarly steep rise in standards for what it means to be a good parent,and especially a good mother.Niggling feelings of guilt and ambivalence over working outside the home,together with some social pressures, compel many women to try to fulfil idealised notions of motherhood as well,says Judy Wajcman,a sociology professor at the London School of Economics and author of a new book,“Pressed for Time:The Acceleration of Life in Digital Capitalism”.

The struggle to“have it all”may be a fairly privileged modern challenge.But it bears noting that even in professional dual-income households,mothers still handle the lion’s share of parenting—particularly the daily,routine jobs that never feel finished.Attentive fathers handle more of the enjoyable tasks,such as taking children to games and playing sports,while mothers are stuck with most of the feeding,cleaning and nagging.Though women do less work around the house than they used to,the jobs they do tend to be the never-ending ones,like tidying, cooking and laundry.Well-educated men chip in far more than their fathers ever did,and more than their less-educated peers,but still put in only half as much time as women do.And men tend to do the discrete tasks that are more easily crossed off lists,such as mowing lawns or fixing things round the house.All of this helps explain why time for mothers,and especially working mothers,always feels scarce.“Working mothers with young children are the most time-scarce segment of society,”says Geoffrey Godbey,a time-use expert at Penn State University. Parents also now have far more insight into how children learn and develop,so they have more tools(and fears)as they groom their children for adulthood.This reinforces another reason why well-off people are investing so much time in parenthood:preparing children to succeed is the best way to transfer privilege from one generation to the next.Now that people are living longer,parents are less likely to pass on a big financial bundle when they die.So the best way to ensure the prosperity of one’s children is to provide the education and skills needed to get ahead,particularly as this human capital grows ever more important for success.

This helps explain why privileged parents spend so much time worrying over schools and chauffeuring their children to résumé-enhancing activities.“Parents are now afraid of doing less than their neighbours,”observes Philip Cohen,a sociology professor at the University of Maryland who studies contemporary families.“It can feel like an arms race.”

No time to lose

Leisure time is now the stuff of myth.Some are cursed with too much.Others find it too costly to enjoy.Many spend their spare moments staring at a screen of some kind,even though doing other things(visiting friends,volunteering at a church) tends to make people happier.Not a few presume they will cash in on all their stored leisure time when they finally retire,whenever that may be.In the meantime, being busy has its rewards.Otherwise why would people go to such trouble? Alas time,ultimately,is a strange and slippery resource,easily traded,visible only when it passes and often most highly valued when it is gone.No one has ever complained of having too much of it.Instead,most people worry over how it flies, and wonder where it goes.Cruelly,it runs away faster as people get older,as each accumulating year grows less significant,proportionally,but also less vivid. Experiences become less novel and more habitual.The years soon bleed together and end up rushing past,with the most vibrant memories tucked somewhere near the beginning.And of course the more one tries to hold on to something,the swifter it seems to go.

Writing in the first century,Seneca was startled by how little people seemed to value their lives as they were living them—how busy,terribly busy,everyone seemed to be,mortal in their fears,immortal in their desires and wasteful of their time.He noticed how even wealthy people hustled their lives along,ruing their fortune,anticipating a time in the future when they would rest.“People are frugal in guarding their personal property;but as soon as it comes to squandering time they are most wasteful of the one thing in which it is right to be stingy,”he observed in “On the Shortness of Life”,perhaps the very first time-management self-help book.Time on Earth may be uncertain and fleeting,but nearly everyone has enough of it to take some deep breaths,think deep thoughts and smell some roses, deeply.“Life is long if you know how to use it,”he counselled.

Nearly2,000years later,de Grazia offered similar advice.Modern life,that leisure-squandering,money-hoarding,grindstone-nosing,frippery-buying business,left him exasperated.He saw that everyone everywhere was running, running,running,but to where?For what?People were trading their time for all sorts of things,but was the exchange worth it?He closed his1962tome,“Of Time, Work and Leisure”,with a preion.

第四篇

暂时没找到出处,网上有人回忆的关键词,大家可以参考下。大意是科学家和当权者闹的不愉快,科学基金都转移到其他地方了。

排序题:原文链接发布不了,上原文吧:

Modern Criticism

DICKSON D.BRUCE JR.

W.E.B.Du Bois and the Idea of Double Consciousness As scholars have developed a greater understanding of the importance of African American literature to the American tradition,they have also developed a real appreciation for the critical place of the thought of W.E.B.Du Bois in both that literature and that tradition in the twentieth century.In particular,they have focused on the famous passage from Du Bois's1897Atlantic magazine essay, "Strivings of the Negro People"-later republished,with revisions,in The Souls of Black Folk(1903)-in which Du Bois spoke of an African American"double consciousness,"a"two-ness"of being"an American,a Negro;two warring ideals in one dark body,whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder."' Du Bois's use of the idea of double consciousness to characterize issues of race was provocative and unanticipated;however,as has only occasionally been noted and never really pursued,the term itself had a long history by the time Du Bois published his essay in1897.Du Bois wrote about double consciousness in a way that drew heavily on that history to create a fairly coherent pattern of connotations in both the essay and the later book.The background of meaning which the term evoked would have been familiar to many,if not most,of the educated middle-and upper-class readers of the Atlantic,one of the foremost popular journals of letters of the day,and should have contributed much to the understanding of Du Bois's arguments by those readers.

In using the term"double consciousness,"Du Bois drew on two main sources.

One of these was essentially figurative,a product of European Romanticism and American Transcendentalism.T'he other,not entirely unrelated and mentioned briefly by historian Arnold Rarnpersad in his own analysis of Du Bois's work,was initially medical,carried forward into Du Bois's time by the emerging field of psychology.Here the term"double consciousness"was applied to cases of split personality;by the late nineteenth century,it had come into quite general use not only in professional publications but also in discussions of psychological research published for general audiences as well.

The figurative sources for Du Bois's idea of double consciousness are in some ways the most telling.Although one can identify from nineteenth-century literature several possible precedents for Du Bois's use of the term-from Whittier,for example,or George Eliot-Werner Sollors has described this figurative background as Ernersonian,and indeed one of the earliest such occurrences of the term may be found in Emerson's works.;In an1843essay entitled"The Transcendentalist,"`'a piece he had delivered earlier as a lecture,Emerson employed the term"double consciousness"to refer to a problem in the life of one seeking to take a Transcendental perspective on self and world.Constantly,he wrote,the individual is pulled back from the divine by the demands of daily life.Tlre Transcendentalist knows"moments of illumination,"and this makes his situation all the more difficult, because lie then sees his life,from the perspective those moments create,as too much dominated by meanness and insignificance.As Emerson wrote,"The worst feature of this double consciousness is,that the two lives,of the understanding and

of the soul,which lie leads,really show very little relation to each other:one prevails now,all buzz and din;the other prevails then,all infinitude and paradise;and,with the progress of life,the two discover no greater disposition to reconcile themselves."Concerned with different issues,Emerson used the term in a way that was not exactly the same as Du Bois's.But there was more than enough similarity to make Emerson's a useful background to what Du Bois was trying to say.' In Emerson's essay,"double-consciousness"evoked a set of oppositions that had become commonplace in Transcendentalism,and as other scholars have shown,in Romanticism generally.In the passage itself was a dichotomy between "the understanding"and"the soul,"but even that referred to a more general set,all organized around a central division between world and spirit.The double consciousness plaguing the Transcendentalist summarized the downward pull of life in society-including the social forces inhibiting genuine self-realization-and the upward pull of communion with the divine;the apparent chaos of

things-as-they-arc and the unity of Nature comprehended by universal law;and the demanding,cold rationality of commercial society and the search for Truth,Beauty, and Goodnness--especially Beauty-that ennobled the soul.Human beings,in the world,could not escape its downward pull.The worldly was an essential part of living one's life.The Transcendental double consciousness grew out of an awareness that Nature and the soul were so much more.'

A similar set of oppositions was an important part of Du Bois's argument in his "Strivings of the Negro People."Although in the essay Du Bois used"double

consciousness"to refer to at least three different issues-including first the real power of white stereotypes in black lifeand thought and second the double consciousness created by the prac-tical racism that excluded every black American from the mainstream of the society,the double consciousness of being both an American and not an American-by double consciousness Du Bois referred most importantly to an internal conflict in the African American individual between what was"African"and what was"American."It was in terms of this third sense that the figurative background to"double-conscious-ness"gave the term its most obvious support,because for Du Bois the essence of a distinctive African consciousness was its spirituality,a spir-ituality based in Africa but revealed among African Americans in their folklore,their history of patient suffering,and their faith.In this sense double consciousness related particularly to Du Bois's efforts to privilege,the spiritual in relation to the materialistic,commercial world white America."Negro blood has a message for the world,"he wrote,and this message,as he had been saying since at least1888,was of a spiritual sense and a softening influence that black people could bring to a cold and calculating world.What Sherman Paul says of Emerson's,stress on the"feminine eye"one may also say of Du Bois's stress on the African soul,that it serves as an alternative to a dominant inabilit

作文:computer translation的发展前景,以后需不需要人力的参与,以此为话题,写作文,要求尤其讨论人力的参与与否。

翻译硕士考研资料:(全套)

(一)汉语写作与百科知识---天津出版传媒集团

李国正,夏衍教授主编,这本书针对近三年各个翻译硕士院校的真题进行了分析和统计,并总结了历年各个院校翻译硕士考研规律。

翻译硕士英语真题解析---天津科技出版社出版

英语翻译基础真题解析----天津科技出版社出版

(二)真题集汇总:

2010年翻译硕士考研真题集

2011年翻译硕士考研真题集

2012年翻译硕士考研真题集

2013年翻译硕士考研真题集

2014年翻译硕士考研真题集

2015年翻译硕士考研真题集

2016年翻译硕士考研真题集

翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分类汇总

翻译硕士考研词汇精编-----分频汇总

2015年苏州大学翻译硕士(MTI)考研复试经验分享

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西北大学2014年翻译硕士考研真题及答案

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2017年下半年英语三级笔译实务试题 It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company. 区区电子邮件里的一个单词,导致一家跨国公司遭受巨大经济损失。 The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one. 这封电子邮件是由一位英语母语人士用英语所写,而邮件接收人则是一位以英语为第二语言的同事。该同事收到邮件后,发现该单词在字典里有两个截然相反的意思,他拿捏不准,并最终选择了那个错误的意思。 Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,”says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable.“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.” 数月过去,该跨国公司的高管开始调查这个项目失败并损失几十万美元的原因。谢宣童(Chia Suan Chong)是一名交流技能和跨文化培训师,供职于一家总部设在英国的机构,她说:“所有的调查线索最终指向这个单词”。谢宣童没有透露具体这个单词,因为该单词是某行业专用词汇,透露该单词可能暴露这家跨国公司的身份。她还说:“由于双方的理解截然相反,事件不断升级,最终失控。” When such misunderstandings happen, it’s usually the native speakers who are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong. 出现此类误解,责任在于英语母语人士。谢宣童认为,耐人寻味的是,英语母语人士在传递信息方面比以英语为第二语言或第三语言的人士要糟糕。 A lot of native speakers are happy that English has become the world’s global language. They feel they don’t have to spend time learning another language,”says Chong. 谢宣童说:“众多英语母语人士对于英语成为世界通用语感到窃喜,因为他们觉得这省去了学习其他语言的麻烦。” The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong. 谢宣童说,事实上,非英语母语人士,特别是会讲第二语言或者第三语言的人士,在传递信息时更加谨慎、目的性更强,而英语母语人士在讲话时通常语速过快导致别人听不懂,并且他们话语中还夹杂着笑话、俚语及自己文化特有的事物。 “The native English speaker…is the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adapt to the others,”she adds. 谢宣童补充说:“唯有……英语母语人士认为没必要体谅对方或为对方着想。” With non-native English speakers in the majority worldwide, it’s Anglophones who may need to up their game. 由于世界上非英语母语人士居多,所以英语母语人士该停止那套旧做法。 “Native speakers are at a disadvantage when you are in a lingua franca situation,”where English is being used as a common denominator, says Jennifer Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UK’s University of Southampton. “It’s the native English speakers that are having difficulty understanding and making themselves understood.” 詹尼弗·詹金斯(JenniferJenkins)是英国南安普敦大学的全球英语教授,她说:“母语各不相同的人士在一起采用英语为通用语进行沟通时,英语母语人士处于不利的境地,这是因为英语母语人士在理解其他人讲的英语方面存在障碍,而其他人在理解英语母语人士的英语方面也同样存在障碍。” Non-native speakers generally use more limited vocabulary and simpler expressions, without flowery language or slang. And then there’s cultural style, Blattner says. When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying, “That’s

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