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高一英语定语从句入门

高一英语语法定语从句归纳总结.pdf

高一英语定语从句的归纳一.几个基本概念 1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。 2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。 3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。 4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。 ﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as ﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why 5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。【as除外】 6.引导词的功能(作用): ﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。 ﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。 7.定语从句的类型: ﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句 Themanwhoyou’retalkingtoismyfriend. ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导 Themantowhomyou’retalkingismyfriend. IneedapenwithwhichIcanwritealetter. =IneedapieceofpaperonwhichIcanwritealetter. 介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在 从句之尾。例如: Theman(who/whom/that)ItalkedaboutatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. =ThemanaboutwhomItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijingUniversity. Thepalace(which/that)Ioftenpayavisittowasbuiltinthe17thcentury. =ThepalacetowhichIoftenpayavisitwasbuiltinthe17thcentury. ﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。 ①直接由引导词引导定语从句。 ②由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导。 Iliveinahousefarawayfromthecity,infrontofwhichisabigtree. Thereisanappletreestandingatthegate,onwhicharemanyapples. ThisisthemantowhomIgavethebook. ③由“代词/名词+of+whom/which”或“ofwhich/whom+名词/代词”(先行词指 人用whom,指物用which)引导。 One,some,any,none,all,both,several,many,most,neither,either等词、数词、分数或百分比与ofwhom或ofwhich连用。 Hehasfivechildren,twoofwhomareabroad. (比较:Hehasfivechildren,andtwoofthemareabroad.) Wehavethreebooks,noneofwhichis/areinteresting. (比较:Wehavethreebooks,butnoneofthemis/areinteresting.) 除why和that不能引导非限定性定语从句外,其余引导词都可以,用法同限定性定语从句 一样。但要注意以下区别。 1.在形式上非限定性定语从句与主句有逗号隔开。 2.非限定性定语从句的作用:它只是补充说明先行词的情况,翻译时可译成两个句子。

定语从句专项讲解细致导入

新高一衔接班 第二课时定语从句【Atrributive Clause 】 Part one 导入 先听一首歌‘season in the sunshine, 这是为了纪念好友离世的歌曲,很温暖的曲 调 We had joy,we had fun,we had seasons in the sun,but the hills that we climbed were just seasons out of time. 我们曾一起欢乐,我们曾一起嬉戏,我们曾拥有 的阳光中的四季,但是我们一起爬过的山已随四季流去。 好,言归正传,今天我们讲定语从句,你们初中已经学习过,但是我之前讲过高中的语法会比 初中难度增加。为了配合大家的节奏,我由简单到复杂。什么是定语从句?刚那句歌词就是定 语从句。 再看:June 是老师—June 是英语老师—June 是漂亮幽默的英语老师 你们敢说不对? 再看一句:这是一只狗---- 这是一只受伤的狗--- 这是一只左腿受伤的狗 继续继续:这房子很漂亮The house is very beautiful. Lily 买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily is very beautiful. Lily 去年在米易买的房子很漂亮The house which bought by Lily last year in MY is very beautiful The boy is Luhan The boy who is dacing is Luhan 唱小芳,谁会?: 村里有个姑娘叫小芳,长得好看又善良 There is a beautiful and kind girl whose name is Xiao Fang in the village 遥远的东方有一条龙,它的名字叫中国 In the far East, thers is a dragon whose name is China. 遥远的东方有一条河,它的名字叫黄河? 所以概念出来啦 一.定语从句及相关概念 定语就是修饰限定名词或代词的词语 定语从句(Attributive Clauses )就是复合句中具有修饰限定名词或者代词的句子,在整个 句中做定语。 被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出,关系词就是连接主句和从句的词语。 我们去我们之前的句子中找先行词和关系词! 再看看几个句子。走向复杂化 Is there anything that you(主)don't understand (谓)about the problem? 先行词关系代词(指代anything )定语从句(修饰anything ,意思为“关于 这个问题,你不明白的东西”) Life is like a long race where we (主)compete with (谓)others (宾)to go beyond ourselves )定语从句(修饰 a long race ,先行词关系副词(指代“介词+a long race ” ) 意思为“在这个长跑中,我们不断超越自己去竞争。”

考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧

考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧 导语:今天小编给大家带来了“考研英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧”,供大家阅读和参考。希望它对您有帮助。如果您喜欢这篇文章,请分享给您的好友。 根据我们的统计,从1994年开始到2006年13年的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句,占到了55.3%的比例,一半还要多的比例!因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以定语从句翻译的好坏直接影响到广大考生考研翻译的分数我们知道,能够作定语的不仅是单词、词组和短语,还有从句也可以作定语,那么这种从句我们称之为定语从句。 英语中的定语从句起到了一个修饰的作用,作用相当于形容词,那么定语从句我们也称之为形容词性从句。同时,我们把定语从句分为两类,一是限制性定语从句,一类是非限定性定语从句。那么,什么是限定性定语从句,简单来讲就是对所修饰的先行词的意思加以限制,表示“….的人或是物”, 举个例子来说:He is a man whom you should marry. 在这个句子中,如果去掉定语从句whom you should marry. 这个句子意思就不完整,甚至可以说是不成立了。 而非限定性定语从句,顾名思义,这类定语从句对于所修饰的事物没有限制意义的作用,而起到一种补充说明和解释的作用,与主句的关系并不密切,拿掉非限定性定语从句,主句意思照样成立。 举个例子来说:He is my father, who love me deeply. 在这个句子中,如果去掉这个“who love me deeply.”非限定性定语从句,He is my father,这个主句照样成立,意思也不会受到太大影响。 而定语从句种类的不同,我们在翻译的时候采用的翻译方法也不尽相同。 一、前置法 当一个限定性定语从句结构和意义较为简单,或是较为简短时,我们把英语原文的定语从句翻译成带“的”的定语词组, 放置于被修饰的词之前, 将英语原文的复合句翻译成汉语的简单句。 我们看一个2003年的一个句子。 Furthermore, humans have the ability to modify the environment in which they live, thus subjecting all other life forms to their own peculiar ideas and fancies. 本句中the environment后面又跟了一个定语从句。大家看下他是什么定语从句,是限定性还是非限定性定语从句。限定性吧!它有什么特点呢,只有三个词,意义和结构都较为简单,因此我们在翻译的时候就要把它放在他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文:而且,人类还有能力改变自己的生存环境,从而使所有其它形态的生命服从人类自己独特的'想法和想像。 再比如: 98 年71) But even more important, it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past, for what they were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago. 这个句子中That existed 15 billion years ago.是一个定语从句,其先行词是the patterns and structures.这个定语从句比较简单,我们可以直接将其翻译他所修饰的先行词的前面。 译文:但更为重要的是,这是科学家们所能观察到的最遥远的过去的景象,因为他们看到的是150亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。 二、单独成句 当一个限定性定语从句的结构较为复杂,意义较为繁杂的时候,如果把它翻译在其修饰

高一英语定语从句教案

高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句: 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词: 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词: 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as;关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用:1)引导定语从句。2)代替先行词。3)在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人:who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物:which, that 指人:whom, who, that(who常用在在非正式和口语体中) 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物:which, that 定语:whose (whose + n.=of which + n. ) 关系词 时间:when 关系副词----状语地点:where = 介词+ which 原因:why 解题技巧:关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man _lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man _you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen _he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend _father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意:whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替,例: 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗? Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day _I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city _I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason _you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题:This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。

高一英语必修一定语从句1

定语从句 一、基本概念 1.定语从句:在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说,定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ,但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。 3.关系代词 / 关系副词:连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词,根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等,应用关系代词引导定语从句;若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等,应用关系副词引导定语从句。4.定语从句的位置:一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要,定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5.引导定语从句的关系词分为二类: 关系代词:that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词:when, where, why 二、基本用法 1.关系代词的基本用法(见下表):

2.使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题: a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时,如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 told him all (that) I know. gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 have read all the books (that) you gave me. can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句,一个用which引导,另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语,指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语,指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句,其中一个关系代词是which,另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1.先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时,须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中,须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.

高中英语语法系列:定语从句

高中英语语法系列:定语从句 知识要点 1.关系代词和关系副词的选用 2.限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别 3.几组的关系词特殊用法 一、定义:在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。 The happy man who lives next to me sells vegetables. You must do everything that I do. 被定语从句修饰的词,叫先行词。比如上面两句中的man和everything. 引导定语从句的词,叫关系代词和关系副词。比如who,whom,that,which,wh ere,when,why等 关系词三重作用:①连接主从句;②指代先行词;③在定语从句中担任句子成分。 The man who lives next to me sells vegetables. 该句中,who lives next to me是定语从句,修饰先行词the man,“who”是引导定语从句的关系词,代替先行词the man,在定语从句中作主语。 二、关系词 引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,which,that,whose,as等和关系副词w here,when,why等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1.用关系代词that,which,who,whom引导的定语从句 who指人,用作主语 whom指人,用作宾语 which指物,用作主语、宾语皆可 that指人和物,用作主语、宾语皆可 The teacher who visits our school today is from Guangzhou. Mrs Read is the person whom you should write to. They planted some trees which didn’t need much water. The fish(which)we bought this morning were not fresh. A plane is a machine that can fly. The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious. 2.用关系代词whose引导的定语从句: 先行词既可指人,也可指物,一般译为“谁的”“什么东西的”,请看例子 The room whose window faces south is mine. 3.用关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句 (1)when在从句中作时间状语 October lst,1949is the day when(=on which)the People’s Republic of Chin a was founded. (2)where在从句中作地点状语 I recently went to the town where(=in which)I was born. (3)why在从句中作原因状语 The reason why(=for which)he was late was that he missed the train.

(完整版)高中英语定语从句讲解及练习

高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识,也是高考常考点,大家也不容易掌握,这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容,有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有:who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有:when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作主语和宾语。例如: Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2)whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换)。例如: They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose (of which)cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如: A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语) 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。 1)关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构,因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如: There are occasions when (on which)one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where(in which)I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why (for which)he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗? 2)that代替关系副词,可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句,在口语中that常被省略。例如: His father died the year (that / when / in which)he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which)he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一:用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错: (错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (对)This is the mountain village (which)I visited last year. (对)I'll never forget the days (which)I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关

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(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点: 1.这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构: when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如: I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2.当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时,一定要注意分析从句的结构,如果缺少主语或宾语时,关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时,才能用when或where,试比较: I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1.限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2.非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.

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高一英语定语从句讲解 精华版 HUA system office room 【HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688】

定语从句 一、基本概念:定语: 定语从句: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词:关系词 关系代词有:that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当: 关系副词有:when, where, why. 在从句充当: 先行词: 定语从句中引关系词的作用: 二、关系词的用法: (一)关系代词的用法: 1. He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2. The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week

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