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2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约(中英文对照)

2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约(中英文对照)
2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约(中英文对照)

2001年国际燃油污染损害民事责任公约(中英文对照)

简介:

由于1967年Torry Canyon轮近十万桶原油货油的污染事故,导致了国际间制定了1969年的油污民事责任公约,然其仅适用于来自油轮货油的污染。燃油污染问题于八十年代初逐渐受到重视,CLC公约于1992年修订时(1992年CLC议定书),进一步将“油轮”的燃油污染损害纳入规范。在1992年CLC议定书的研拟期间,部分国家主张应将“所有船舶”的燃油污染纳入规范的提议或讨论。然而由于CLC所规范的“油轮的货油或燃油”与“一般船舶的燃油”有相当差异,为避免复杂及困扰从而影响议定书的通过,1992年CLC议定书最后仅将“油轮的燃油污染”纳入,而不包括“一般船舶的燃油污染”。

在1994年IMO海洋环境保护委员会(MEPC)第三十八届会议上,澳洲提议MEPC发展国际燃油污染损害赔偿机制。MEPC随后请IMO法律委员会考虑,法律委员会于稍后的1995年第七十三届会议组成工作小组讨论此课题。实际上在1996年HNS公约起草阶段,IMO 法律委员会曾建议将燃油污染纳入该公约,但因许多国家主张燃油污染应独立立法,而使燃油污染未被纳入1996年HNS公约架构之下。

燃油污染损害赔偿稍后成为1996年的IMO法律委员会第七十五届大会的主要议题。在该大会上,英国代表提出一份由U.K. P&I Club于1993年制作的重大赔偿案件分析报告,该报告指出,有近半数的污染索赔是来自“非货油”。同年,IMO法律委员会提出燃油公约草案,在经过前后六年的讨论后,公约于2001年3月23日完成签署。

在整个燃油公约的起草过程中,有几个重要的争议主题,分别为:燃油污染是否应为严格责任 strict liability;燃油污染责任限额 limitation of liability;及强制保险及证

明 compulsory insurance and certificate。

公约草案最早是由英国于1996年提出,整部草案基本上是在1992年CLC公约议定书及1996年HNS公约的架构及责任基础上拟定。草案拟定当时,本拟有二套草案,一为独立的燃油公约草案;另一是以修订CLC公约的议定书方式,将燃油污染纳入CLC体系中,以较具弹性为由,公约后来决定以单独立法(free-standing convention)方式处理。

国际间经过将近十年来的发展及五年来的密集讨论,燃油污染损害民事责任国际公约于2001年3月23日在国际海事组织IMO伦敦总部由各国代表完成签署。燃油公约规定该公约在十八个缔约国(其中应包括五个船舶吨位超过一百万总吨的国家)批准、认可或加入的一年后生效。虽然具同性质的1992年油污民事责任公约CLC及1992年基金公约FUND 议定书已广为各国接受,并均于签署四年后的1996年即已生效实施,然而由于燃油公约所规定的保险证明及财务担保制度尚未取得全面共识,特别是来自P&I保险方面的明确全面支持,加上要求的生效国门槛过高,因此燃油公约何时生效还有待观察。

在整体规范及责任架构上,燃油公约与1992油污民事责任公约CLC或1996年国际

海上运送有毒有害物质损害责任和赔偿公约(HNS公约)甚为相似。事实上,燃油公约多数条文,甚至用语,亦多援用前述两公约内容。值得注意的是,由于燃油公约是适用于所有船舶(一千总吨以上的船舶须具备财务担保证明),而非像CLC公约原则上仅适用于油轮(及载有货油的油矿船),或HNS公约原则上仅适用于运载有毒有害物质的船舶,其结果是,几乎所有的海船船舶所有人均有适用的余地。而其中影响最大的是财务担保的适用,亦即,在公约生效后,一千总吨以上的所有船舶,其船上均应备有不低于1976年海事索赔责任限制公约(或该公约的任何修订议定书)最高责任限额的保险证明或财务担保。

正文:

本公约各缔约国,

根据1982年联合国海洋法公约第194条,缔约国应该采取所有必要的措施防止、减少和控制海洋环境污染,

同时根据上述公约第235条,为了确保能对由海洋环境污染所导致的所有损害进行及时和充足的赔偿,各缔约国应该在相关国际法规则的进一步发展中进行合作,

注意到《1992年国际油污损害民事责任公约》和《1992年设立国际油污损害赔偿基金国际公约》在确保向由于海船承载的油类泄露或卸载所导致的损害的受害人进行赔偿过程中所取得的成功,

也注意到为向海上运输有毒有害物质所导致的损害提供适当、及时和有效的赔偿,《1996关于海上运输有害有毒物质损害责任和赔偿的国际公约》的适用,

认识到对与责任限制有关的任何形式的油类污染建立严格责任的重要性,

考虑到为保证对船舶燃料油泄露或卸载造成的污染损害进行及时和适当的赔偿而采取补充方法是必要的,

本着通过统一的国际规则和程序,以便确定在这类事件下的责任问题,并提供适当赔偿的愿望,

兹协议如下:

第一条定义

就本公约而言:

1.“船舶”是指任何类型的海船和海上航行器。

2.“人员”是指任何个人或合伙人或任何公共或私人机构,不论是否为法人,包括国家或其任何组成部分。

3.“船舶所有人”是指船舶所有人包括船舶登记所有人、光船承租人、船舶经营人和管理人。

4.“船舶登记所有人”是指登记为船舶所有人的一个或多个人员,或者没有登记时,则是指拥有船舶的人。然而,当船舶为国家所有并由在该国登记为船舶经营人的公司所经营时,“船舶登记所有人”即指这种公司。

5.“燃油”是指任何用来或者拟用来操纵和推进船舶的烃类矿物油,包括润滑油,以及此类油的任何残余物。

6.“民事责任公约”是指修改后的《1992年国际油污损害民事责任公约》。

7.“预防措施”是指事件发生后由任何人采取的为防止或减轻污染损害的任何合理措施。

8.“事件”是指造成污染损害或导致这种损害的严重而紧迫的危险的由同一原因所引起的事件或一系列事件。

9.“油污损害”是指:

(a) 由于船舶泄漏或排放油类,而在船舶之外因污染而造成的损失和损害,不论这种泄漏或排放发生于何处,但是,对环境损害的赔偿,除这种损害所造成的利润损失外,应限于已实际采取或行将采取的合理复原措施的费用;

(b) 预防措施的费用和因预防措施而造成的进一步损失或损害。

10.“船舶登记国”,就登记的船舶而言,是指对船舶进行登记的国家,就未登记的船舶而言,是指此船舶有权悬挂该国国旗的国家。

11.“总吨位”是指根据《1969年国际船舶吨位丈量公约》附件1中规定的丈量规则计算出来的总吨位。

12. “本组织”是指国际海事组织。

13. “秘书长”是指本组织的秘书长。

第二条适用范围

本公约仅适用于:

(a) 在下列区域内造成的污染损害:

(i)缔约国的领土,包括领海,以及,

(ii)缔约国根据国际法设立的专属经济区,或者,如果缔约国尚未设立这种区域,则为该国根据国际法所确定的超出并毗连其领海的区域,且自该国测量其领海宽度的基线算起,外延不超过200海里;

(b)为防止或减轻这种损害而在无论何地所采取的预防措施。

第三条船舶所有人责任

1.除本条第3款和第4款的规定外,在事故发生时,船舶所有人应对事故引起的任何由于船上装载的或者来源于船舶的燃料油所造成的污染损害负责,如果该事件包括一系列事故,则船舶所有人的赔偿责任自第一次事故发生时起算。

2.如果根据第1款有一个以上的人应对事件负责,那么这些人负连带责任。

3.船舶所有人如能证实损害系属于以下情况,即对之不负责任:

(a)由于战争行为、敌对行为、内战或武装暴动或特殊的、不可避免的和不可抗拒性质的自然现象所引起的损害;

(b) 完全是由于第三者有意造成损害的行为或不作为所引起的损害;

(c)完全是由于负责灯塔或其他助航设备的维修、保养的政府或其他主管当局在履行

其职责时的疏忽或其它过失行为所造成的损害。

4.如船舶所有人证明,污染损害完全或部分地是由于受害人有意造成损害的行为或不为,或是其疏忽而引起的,则该船舶所有人即可全部或部分地免除对该人所负的责任。

5.不得对船舶所有人作出本公约规定以外的污染损害赔偿。

6.本公约的任何条款不得有损于船舶所有人拥有的独立于本公约之外的追偿权利。

第四条除外责任

1.本公约不适用于民事责任公约所规定的污染损害,而不论这种污染在该公约下能否得到赔偿。

2.除本条第3款规定外,本公约各项规定不适用于军舰、海军辅助船舶或其他为国家所有或经营的、在当时仅用于政府的非商业性服务的船舶。

3.缔约国可以决定对其军舰或本条第2款所规定的其它船舶适用本公约,在此种情况下,缔约国应通知秘书长适用本公约的条款和条件。

4.对于为一缔约国所有并用于商业目的的船舶,每一国家都应接受第9条所规定的管辖权范围内的诉讼,并放弃一切以主权国地位为根据的抗辩。

第五条涉及两艘或多艘船舶的事故

当发生涉及两艘或两艘以上船舶的事故并造成污染损害时,所有有关船的所有人,除按第3条获得豁免者外,应对所有无法合理分开的这类损害负连带责任。

第六条责任限制

本公约的任何条款不得影响船舶所有人与提供保险和经济担保的人在任何可以适用的内国或国际法律制度中,诸如经修订的《1976年海事赔偿责任限制公约》,的情况下,享受责任限制的权利。

第七条强制保险和财务担保

1.已登记的船舶所有人在一缔约国内登记拥有1000总吨以上船舶的,必须进行保险或取得其他财务担保,诸如银行或类似金融机构的担保,以便按其适用的内国或国际责任限制法律中的规定承担其对油污损害所应负的责任,但是在任何情况下不得超过修改后的《1976年海事赔偿责任限制公约》中所规定的数额。

2.缔约国的主管当局在确信第1款的要求已经得到满足之后,应向每艘船舶颁发一份证明保险或其它财务担保根据本公约的规定乃属有效的证书。对于在缔约国登记的船舶,这种证书应由船舶登记国的主管当局颁发或认证;对于非在缔约国登记的船舶,证书可由任何一个缔约国的主管当局颁发或认证。证书应以所附样本的格式为准,并应包括下列各项:

(a) 船名、识别号或字母和登记港;

(b) 船舶登记所有人的名称和主要营业地;

(c) IMO船舶辨认号码;

(d) 担保的类别和期限;

(e) 保险人或提供保证的其他人的名称及主要营业地点,如可能,则包括设立的保险或担

保的营业地点;

(f) 证书的有效期,该有效期不得超过保险或其他担保的有效期限。

3.(a)缔约国可以授权其认可的机构或组织签发第2款所规定的证书。该机构或组织应向该国报告每张证书的签发。在任何情况下,该缔约国应完全保证其签发证书的完整性和准确性,还应该承诺保证为履行其义务作出必要的安排。

(b)缔约国应通知秘书长:

(i)向其认可的机构或组织授权的具体责任和条件;

(ii)对该授权的撤销;

(iii)授权或撤销授权的生效日期。

该授权应自向秘书长递交有关通知的日期起三个月后方能生效。

(c)依据本款可以签发证书的授权机构或组织至少应该被授予,在签发这些证书的条件无法

得到维持时可撤销这些证书的权力.在任何情况下,该机构或组织应向其代表的缔约国报告

证书的撤销。

4.证书应以颁发国的一种或数种官方语言写成,如所用文字非英文、法文或西班牙文,则全文应包括译成该三种文字之一的译文,如果缔约国如此决定,则该国官方文字可以被省略。

5.证书应携带于船上,其一份副本应交由保存该船登记记录的主管当局收存,如该船未在缔约国登记,则应由签发或确认此证书的国家主管当局收存。

6.一项保险或其他财务担保,如果不是由于本条第2款所述证书上规定的该保险或担保的有效期满的原因,而是从本条第5款所指的向当局送交终止通知书之日起未满三个月即予以终止,则视为不符合本条的要求,除非该证书已送交上述有关当局,或在此期间内已签发新的证书。上述规定应同样适用于使保险或担保不再满足本公约各项要求而作出的任何修改。

7.船舶登记国应按本条各项规定,决定证书的签发条件和有效期限。

8.本公约任何条款不得被解释为阻止一个缔约国为了本公约之目的,从与保险或财务担保提供者的财政支持相关的其它国家或本组织或其它国际组织获得信息。若发生此情况,则获得信息的缔约国并不解除其按照第2条之规定签发证书的义务。

9.就本公约而言,经缔约国授权颁发或认证的证书,应被其他当事国接受,并应被其他当事国视为与由其颁发或认证的证书具有同等效力,即使是对不在当事国登记的船舶所颁发或认证亦然。当事国如认为保险证书中所指明的保险人或担保人在经济上不能履行本公约规定的义务,则可随时要求和发证或认证国磋商。

10.对污染损害的任何索赔,可向保险人或提供财务担保的其他人直接提出,在这种情况下,被告可以援用船东本可援用的抗辩(除非船舶所有人破产或关闭息业),包括第六条规定的责任限制。同时,即使被告人仍可援引第1款规定的保险和其它财务担保所要求保持的同等数量的责任限制。除此以外,被告人可以提出抗辩,说明污染损害是由于船舶所有人的故意的不当行为所造成,但不得援用在船舶所有人向其提出的诉讼中可援引的抗辨。在任何情

况下,被告有权要求船舶所有人参加诉讼。

11.除非根据本条第2款或第14款已予颁发证书,各缔约国在任何时候不得允许本条适用的悬挂其旗帜的船舶从事营运。

12.根据本条的各项规定,各缔约国应根据其国内法保证,对于进入或驶离其领土的任一港口、或抵达或驶离其领海范围内的任一海上装卸站的任何船舶,不论该船在何处登记,只要该船的总吨超过1000总吨,在本条第1款规定范围内的保险与其他担保均为有效。13.尽管有第5款的规定,为满足第12款的要求,各缔约国在被适用第1款的船舶进入或驶离其领土内的港口、或抵达或驶离其领海范围内的海上装卸站时,可以通知秘书长该船可以不被要求随船携带或出示第2款所要求的证书,只要缔约国已经根据第2款要求签发证书并且通知秘书长其持有电子格式的记录,以便让各缔约国查询,并保证证书的存在,同时可使各缔约国不承担第12款下的义务。

14.如果是缔约国所有的船舶未进行保险或未取得其他财务担保,本条与此有关的各项规定不得适用于该船。但该船应备有一份由船舶登记国有关当局签发的证书,声明该船为该国所有,并且该船的责任限制在本条第1款规定的限度内,上述证书应尽可能严格遵照本条第2款所规定的范本。

15.缔约国可在批准、接受、认可或加入本公约时,或在此后任何时间内,宣布本条不适用专门的第二条(a)(i)规定区域内从事作业的船舶。

第八条时效

如果不能在损害发生之日起三年内提出诉讼,按本公约要求赔偿的权利即告失效。无论如何不得在引起损害的事件发生之日起六年之后提出诉讼。如该事件包括一系列事故,六年的期限应自第一个事故发生之日起算。

第九条管辖权

1.当某一事件在一个或若干个缔约国的领土,包括领海或第2条(a)(ii)所述的区域中造成了污染损害,或已在上述领土、包括领海或此类区域中采取了防止或减轻污染损害的预防措施时,对船舶所有人、保险人或其他为船舶所有人的赔偿责任提供担保的人提起的索赔诉讼,仅可在上述任何缔约国的法院提起。

2.任何根据第1款提起的诉讼应该合理地通知每一个被告人。

3.每一缔约国都应保证其法院具有处理上述赔偿诉讼的管辖权。

第十条承认与执行

1.由具有第9条所述管辖权的法院所作的任何判决,若可在原判决国实施而无需通常的复审手续时。除下列情况外,应为各缔约国所承认:

(a) 判决是以欺诈取得;

(b) 未给被告人以适当的通知和陈述其立场的公正机会。

2.按本条第1款确认的判决,一经履行各缔约国所规定的各项手续得到之后,便应在该国立即执行。这些手续不允许对案件的实体问题予以重审。

第十一条替代条款

本公约应取代正在实施中的或在本公约开放供签字之日处于开放供签字、批准或加入的任何国际公约,但只限于与本公约相抵触者。但是本规定不得影响根据上述国际公约缔约国对非缔约国应负的各项义务。

第十二条签字、批准、接受、认可和加入

1.本公约自2001年10月1日起至2002年9月30日止在本组织的总部开放以供签字,此后将继续开放以供接受。

2.各国可以通过以下方式成为本公约的缔约国:

(a)签字,并对批准、接受或核准无保留;

(b)签字,但有待批准、接受或核准作出保留,随后予以批准、接受或核准;

(c)加入。

3.批准、接受、认可或加入本公约应以正式文件送交本组织秘书长收存,方为有效。

4.凡在本公约修正案对现有各缔约国生效之后或在修正案生效所需各项措施对现有各缔约国已告完成之后交存的批准、接受、核准或加入的任何文件,应被认为是适用于按修正案已作修改的公约。

第十三条多法域国家

1.若一个国家有两个或两个以上使用不同的法域的领土单位与本公约所处理的事务有关,其可以在签字、批准、接收、认可和加入的时候声明该公约适用于其所有领土单位的范围或只适用于其中的一个或多个,还可以在任何时候通过提交另外一份声明来更改这份声明。

2.任何这样的声明都应该通知秘书长,且应该明确地宣布适用本公约的领土单位。

3.关于已经作出此声明的缔约国:

(a) 第1条第4款中“登记船舶所有人”的定义如果涉及到一个国家,那么应该被解释为也涉及到这样一个领土单位;

(b) 公约中涉及到船舶的登记国、强制保险证书和证书签发国或确定国的部分,应该被解释为也涉及到相关的登记船舶、颁发和签发证书的领土单位;

(c)公约中所要求内国法具备的条件,应该被解释为相关的领土单位的法律也应具有同样的条件;

(d) 第9条和第10条涉及的必须被缔约国认可的法院和判决的部分,应该被解释为也必须分别地得到相关领土单位的认可。

第十四条生效

1.本公约应自18个国家经签字无保留地批准、接受或认可或向秘书长交存批准、接受、认可或加入的文件之日起1年后生效,其中5个国家其各自的总船舶不少于1,000,000总登记吨。

2.对于在第1款规定的生效条件已满足后批准、接受、认可或加入本公约的国家,本公约应自该国交存适当文件之日起3个月后对该国生效。

第十五条退出

1.各缔约国在本公约对各该国生效之后可随时退出本公约。

2.退出本公约应向秘书长收存一份文件之后,方为有效。

3.退出本公约应在向本组织秘书长交存文件一年后,或文件中载明的较此为长的期限后开始生效。

第十六条修订或修正

1.修订或修正本公约的会议,可由本组织召开。

2.经不少于三分之一缔约国要求,本组织应召开修订或修正本公约的缔约国会议。

第十七条保管

1.本公约应送交秘书长收存。

2.秘书长应:

(a) 通知所有已签署或加入本公约的国家:

(i) 每一新的签署或新的文件的交存及其日期;

(ii)本公约的生效日期;

(iii)交存任何退出本公约的文件,连同交存的日期及其生效日期;

(ⅳ)其它本公约下的通知。

(b) 将本公约核证无误的副本分送所有签字国和所有加入本公约的国家。

第十八条送交联合国

本公约一经生效,本组织秘书长应按照联合国宪章第102条的规定将公约文本送交联合国秘书处,以供登记与公布。

第十九条文字

本公约正本一份,用阿拉伯文、中文、英文、法文俄文和西班牙文写成,各种文本具有同等效力。

2001年3月23日订于伦敦。

下列具名者,均经各自政府授权,特签署本公约,以昭信守。

INTERNATIONAL CONVENTION ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR BUNKER OIL POLLUT ION DAMAGE,2001

Article 1 (Definitions)

For the purposes of this Convention:

1. ?Ship? means any seagoing vessel and seaborne craft, of any type whatso ever.

2. ?Person? means any individual or partnership or any public or private body , whether corporate or not, including a State or any of its constituent subdivis ions.

3. ?Shipowner? means the owner, including the registered owner, bareboat c harterer, manager and operator of the ship.

4. ?Registered owner? means the person or persons registered as the owner of the ship or, in the absence of registration, the person or persons owning th e ship. However, in the case of a ship owned by a State and operated by a co mpany which in that State is registered as the ship’s operator, ?registered ow ner? shall mean such company.

5. ?Bunker oil? means any hydrocarbon mineral oil, including lubricating oil, u sed or intended to be used for the operation or propulsion of the ship, and an y residues of such oil.

6. ?Civil Liability Convention? means the International Convention on Civil Lia bility for Oil Pollution Damage, 1992, as amended.

7. ?Preventive measures? means any reasonable measures taken by any pers on after an incident has occurred to prevent or minimize pollution damage.

8. ?Incident? means any occurrence or series of occurrences having the same origin, which causes pollution damage or creates a grave and imminent threa t of causing such damage.

9. ?Pollution damage? means:

(a) loss or damage caused outside the ship by contamination resulting from t he escape or discharge of bunker oil from the ship, wherever such escape or discharge may occur, provided that compensation for impairment of the envir onment other than loss of profit from such impairment shall be limited to cost s of reasonable measures of reinstatement actually undertaken or to be under taken; and

(b) the costs of preventive measures and further loss or damage caused by pr eventive measures.

10. ?State of the ship's registry? means, in relation to a registered ship, the

State of registration of the ship and, in relation to an unregistered ship, the S tate whose flag the ship is entitled to fly.

11. ?Gross tonnage? means gross tonnage calculated in accordance with the tonnage measurement regulations contained in Annex 1 of the International C onvention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.

12. ?Organization? means the International Maritime Organization.

13. ?Secretary-General? means the Secretary-General of the Organization. Article 2 (Scope of application)

This Convention shall apply exclusively:

(a) to pollution damage caused:

(i) in the territory, including the territorial sea, of a State Party, and

(ii) in the exclusive economic zone of a State Party, established in accordance with international law, or, if a State Party has not established such a zone, in an area beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea of that State determined b y that State in accordance with international law and extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines from which the breadth of its territorial sea is measured;

(b) to preventive measures, wherever taken, to prevent or minimize such da mage.

Article 3 (Liability of the shipowner)

1. Except as provided in paragraphs 3 and 4, the shipowner at the time of an incident shall be liable for pollution damage caused by any bunker oil on boar d or originating from the ship, provided that, if an incident consists of a series of occurrences having the same origin, the liability shall attach to the shipow ner at the time of the first of such occurrences.

2. Where more than one person is liable in accordance with paragraph 1, their liability shall be joint and several.

3. No liability for pollution damage shall attach to the shipowner if the shipow ner proves that:

(a) the damage resulted from an act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natural phenomenon of an exceptional, inevitable and irresistible charact er; or

(b) the damage was wholly caused by an act or omission done with the intent to cause damage by a third party; or

(c) the damage was wholly caused by the negligence or other wrongful act of

any Government or other authority responsible for the maintenance of lights or other navigational aids in the exercise of that function.

4. If the shipowner proves that the pollution damage resulted wholly or partia lly either from an act or omission done with intent to cause damage by the pe rson who suffered the damage or from the negligence of that person, the ship owner may be exonerated wholly or partially from liability to such person.

5. No claim for compensation for pollution damage shall be made against the shipowner otherwise than in accordance with this Convention.

6. Nothing in this Convention shall prejudice any right of recourse of the shipo wner which exists independently of this Convention.

Article 4 (Exclusions)

1. This Convention shall not apply to pollution damage as defined in the Civil Liability Convention, whether or not compensation is payable in respect of it u nder that Convention.

2. Except as provided in paragraph 3, the provisions of this Convention shall not apply to warships, naval auxiliary or other ships owned or operated by a State and used, for the time being, only on Government non-commercial serv ice.

3. A State Party may decide to apply this Convention to its warships or other ships described in paragraph 2, in which case it shall notify the Secretary-Gen eral thereof specifying the terms and conditions of such application.

4. With respect to ships owned by a State Party and used for commercial purp oses, each State shall be subject to suit in the jurisdictions set forth in article 9 and shall waive all defences based on its status as a sovereign State. Article 5 (Incidents involving two or more ships)

When an incident involving two or more ships occurs and pollution damage re sults therefrom, the shipowners of all the ships concerned, unless exonerated under article 3, shall be jointly and severally liable for all such damage which i s not reasonably separable.

Article 6 (Limitation of liability)

Nothing in this Convention shall affect the right of the shipowner and the pers on or persons providing insurance or other financial security to limit liability u nder any applicable national or international regime, such as the Convention o n Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 1976, as amended.

Article 7 (Compulsory insurance or financial security)

1. The registered owner of a ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1000 r egistered in a State Party shall be required to maintain insurance or other fin ancial security, such as the guarantee of a bank or similar financial institution, to cover the liability of the registered owner for pollution damage in an amou nt equal to the limits of liability under the applicable national or international l imitation regime, but in all cases, not exceeding an amount calculated in acco rdance with the Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims, 197 6, as amended.

2. A certificate attesting that insurance or other financial security is in force in accordance with the provisions of this Convention shall be issued to each shi p after the appropriate authority of a State Party has determined that the req uirements of paragraph 1 have been complied with. With respect to a ship re gistered in a State Party such certificate shall be issued or certified by the app ropriate authority of the State of the ship’s registry; with respect to a ship not registered in a State Party it may be issued or certified by the appropriate au thority of any State Party. This certificate shall be in the form of the model se t out in the annex to this Convention and shall contain the following particular s:

(a) name of ship, distinctive number or letters and port of registry;

(b) name and principal place of business of the registered owner;

(c) IMO ship identification number;

(d) type and duration of security;

(e) name and principal place of business of insurer or other person giving sec urity and, where appropriate, place of business where the insurance or securit y is established;

(f) period of validity of the certificate which shall not be longer than the perio

d of validity of th

e insurance or other security.

3. (a) A State Party may authorize either an institution or an organization rec ognized by it to issue the certificate referred to in paragraph 2. Such institutio n or organization shall inform that State of the issue of each certificate. In all cases, the State Party shall fully guarantee the completeness and accuracy of the certificate so issued and shall undertake to ensure the necessary arrange ments to satisfy this obligation.

(b) A State Party shall notify the Secretary-General of :

(i) the specific responsibilities and conditions of the authority delegated to an

institution or organization recognised by it;

(ii) the withdrawal of such authority; and

(iii) the date from which such authority or withdrawal of such authority takes effect.

An authority delegated shall not take effect prior to three months from the da te on which notification to that effect was given to the Secretary-General. (c) The institution or organization authorized to issue certificates in accordanc e with this paragraph shall, as a minimum, be authorized to withdraw these c ertificates if the conditions under which they have been issued are not maint ained. In all cases the institution or organization shall report such withdrawal to the State on whose behalf the certificate was issued.

4. The certificate shall be in the official language or languages of the issuing S tate. If the language used is not English, French or Spanish, the text shall incl ude a translation into one of these languages and, where the State so decides , the official language of the State may be omitted.

5. The certificate shall be carried on board the ship and a copy shall be deposi ted with the authorities who keep the record of the ship's registry or, if the sh ip is not registered in a State Party, with the authorities issuing or certifying t he certificate.

6. An insurance or other financial security shall not satisfy the requirements o

f this article if it can cease, for reasons other than the expiry of the period of validity of the insurance or security specified in the certificate under paragrap h 2 of this article, before three months have elapsed from the date on which notice of its termination is given to the authorities referred to in paragraph 5 of this article, unless the certificate has been surrendered to these authorities or a new certificate has been issued within the said period. The foregoin

g pro visions shall similarly apply to any modification whic

h results in the insurance or security no longer satisfying the requirements of this article.

7. The State of the ship’s registry shall, subject to the provisions of this articl e, determine the conditions of issue and validity of the certificate.

8. Nothing in this Convention shall be construed as preventing a State Party fr om relying on information obtained from other States or the Organization or o ther international organisations relating to the financial standing of providers of insurance or financial security for the purposes of this Convention. In such cases, the State Party relying on such information is not relieved of its respon

sibility as a State issuing the certificate required by paragraph 2.

9. Certificates issued or certified under the authority of a State Party shall be accepted by other States Parties for the purposes of this Convention and shall be regarded by other States Parties as having the same force as certificates i ssued or certified by them even if issued or certified in respect of a ship not r egistered in a State Party. A State Party may at any time request consultation with the issuing or certifying State should it believe that the insurer or guara ntor named in the insurance certificate is not financially capable of meeting th

e obligations imposed by this Convention.

10. Any claim for compensation for pollution damage may be brought directly against the insurer or other person providing financial security for the register ed owner’s liability for pollution damage. In such a case the defendant may in voke the defences (other than bankruptcy or winding up of the shipowner) wh ich the shipowner would have been entitled to invoke, including limitation pur suant to article 6. Furthermore, even if the shipowner is not entitled to limitat ion of liability according to article 6, the defendant may limit liability to an am ount equal to the amount of the insurance or other financial security required to be maintained in accordance with paragraph 1. Moreover, the defendant may invoke the defence that the pollution damage resulted from the wilful mi sconduct of the shipowner, but the defendant shall not invoke any other defe nce which the defendant might have been entitled to invoke in proceedings br ought by the shipowner against the defendant. The defendant shall in any ev ent have the right to require the shipowner to be joined in the proceedings.

11. A State Party shall not permit a ship under its flag to which this article ap plies to operate at any time, unless a certificate has been issued under paragr aphs 2 or 14.

12. Subject to the provisions of this article, each State Party shall ensure, und er its national law, that insurance or other security, to the extent specified in paragraph 1, is in force in respect of any ship having a gross tonnage greater than 1000, wherever registered, entering or leaving a port in its territory, or a rriving at or leaving an offshore facility in its territorial sea.

13. Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph 5, a State Party may notify t he Secretary-General that, for the purposes of paragraph 12, ships are not re quired to carry on board or to produce the certificate required by paragraph 2 , when entering or leaving ports or arriving at or leaving from offshore facilitie

s in its territory, provided that the State Party which issues the certificate req uired by paragraph 2 has notified the Secretary-General that it maintains reco rds in an electronic format, accessible to all States Parties, attesting the exist ence of the certificate and enabling States Parties to discharge their obligation s under paragraph 12.

14. If insurance or other financial security is not maintained in respect of a sh ip owned by a State Party, the provisions of this article relating thereto shall n ot be applicable to such ship, but the ship shall carry a certificate issued by th e appropriate authority of the State of the ship's registry stating that the ship is owned by that State and that the ship's liability is covered within the limit p rescribed in accordance with paragraph 1. Such a certificate shall follow as clo sely as possible the model prescribed by paragraph 2.

15. A State may, at the time of ratification, acceptance, approval of, or acces sion to this Convention, or at any time thereafter, declare that this article doe s not apply to ships operating exclusively within the area of that State referre d to in article 2(a)(i).

Article 8 (Time limits)

Rights to compensation under this Convention shall be extinguished unless an action is brought thereunder within three years from the date when the dam age occurred. However, in no case shall an action be brought more than six y ears from the date of the incident which caused the damage. Where the incid ent consists of a series of occurrences, the six years’ period shall run from the date of the first such occurrence.

Article 9 (Jurisdiction)

1. Where an incident has caused pollution damage in the territory, including t he territorial sea, or in an area referred to in article 2(a)(ii) of one or more St ates Parties, or preventive measures have been taken to prevent or minimise pollution damage in such territory, including the territorial sea, or in such are a, actions for compensation against the shipowner, insurer or other person pr oviding security for the shipowner's liability may be brought only in the courts of any such States Parties.

2. Reasonable notice of any action taken under paragraph 1 shall be given to each defendant.

3. Each State Party shall ensure that its courts have jurisdiction to entertain a ctions for compensation under this Convention.

Article 10 (Recognition and enforcement)

1. Any judgement given by a Court with jurisdiction in accordance with article 9 which is enforceable in the State of origin where it is no longer subject to o rdinary forms of review, shall be recognised in any State Party, except:

(a) where the judgement was obtained by fraud; or

(b) where the defendant was not given reasonable notice and a fair opportuni ty to present his or her case.

2. A judgement recognised under paragraph 1 shall be enforceable in each St ate Party as soon as the formalities required in that State have been complied with. The formalities shall not permit the merits of the case to be re-opened.

Article 11 (Supersession Clause)

This Convention shall supersede any Convention in force or open for signature , ratification or accession at the date on which this Convention is opened for s ignature, but only to the extent that such Convention would be in conflict with it; however, nothing in this article shall affect the obligations of States Partie s to States not party to this Convention arising under such Convention. Article 12 (Signature, ratification, acceptance, approval and accession)

1. This Convention shall be open for signature at the Headquarters of the Org anization from 1 October 2001 until 30 September 2002 and shall thereafter r emain open for accession.

2. States may express their consent to be bound by this Convention by:

(a) signature without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval;

(b) signature subject to ratification, acceptance or approval followed by ratific ation, acceptance or approval; or

(c) accession.

3. Ratification, acceptance, approval or accession shall be effected by the dep osit of an instrument to that effect with the Secretary-General.

4. Any instrument of ratification, acceptance, approval or accession deposited after the entry into force of an amendment to this Convention with respect to all existing State Parties, or after the completion of all measures required for the entry into force of the amendment with respect to those State Parties shal l be deemed to apply to this Convention as modified by the amendment. Article 13 (States with more than one system of law)

1. If a State has two or more territorial units in which different systems of law

are applicable in relation to matters dealt with in this Convention, it may at t he time of signature, ratification, acceptance, approval or accession declare th at this Convention shall extend to all its territorial units or only to one or mor e of them and may modify this declaration by submitting another declaration at any time.

2. Any such declaration shall be notified to the Secretary-General and shall st ate expressly the territorial units to which this Convention applies.

3. In relation to a State Party which has made such a declaration:

(a) in the definition of “registered owner” in article 1(4), references to a State shall be construed as references to such a territorial unit;

(b) references to the State of a ship’s registry and, in relation to a compulsor y insurance certificate, to the issuing or certifying State, shall be construed as referring to the territorial unit respectively in which the ship is registered and which issues or certifies the certificate;

(c) references in this Convention to the requirements of national law shall be construed as references to the requirements of the law of the relevant territor ial unit; and

(d) references in articles 9 and 10 to courts, and to judgements which must be recognized in States Parties, shall be construed as references respectively to courts of, and to judgements which must be recognized in, the relevant ter ritorial unit.

Article 14 (Entry into force)

1. This Convention shall enter into force one year following the date on which eighteen States, including five States each with ships whose combined gross t onnage is not less than 1 million, have either signed it without reservation as to ratification, acceptance or approval or have deposited instruments of ratific ation, acceptance, approval or accession with the Secretary?General.

2. For any State which ratifies, accepts, approves or accedes to it after the co nditions in paragraph 1 for entry into force have been met, this Convention sh all enter into force three months after the date of deposit by such State of the appropriate instrument.

Article 15 (Denunciation)

1. This Convention may be denounced by any State Party at any time after th

e date on which this Convention comes into force for that State.

2. Denunciation shall be effected by the deposit of an instrument with the Sec

retary-General.

3. A denunciation shall take effect one year, or such longer period as may be specified in the instrument of denunciation, after its deposit with the Secretar y-General.

Article 16 (Revision or amendment)

1. A conference for the purpose of revising or amending this Convention may be convened by the Organization.

2. The Organization shall convene a conference of the States Parties for revisi ng or amending this Convention at the request of not less than one-third of th e States Parties.

Article 17 (Depositary)

1. This Convention shall be deposited with the Secretary-General.

2. The Secretary-General shall:

(a) inform all States which have signed or acceded to this Convention of: (i) each new signature or deposit of instrument together with the date thereof ;

(ii) the date of entry into force of this Convention;

(iii) the deposit of any instrument of denunciation of this Convention together with the date of the deposit and the date on which the denunciation takes eff ect; and

(iv) other declarations and notifications made under this Convention.

(b) transmit certified true copies of this Convention to all Signatory States an d to all States which accede to this Convention.

Article 18 (Transmission to United Nations)

As soon as this Convention comes into force, the text shall be transmitted by the Secretary-General to the Secretariat of the United Nations for registration and publication in accordance with Article 102 of the Charter of the United Na tions.

Article 19 (Languages)

This Convention is established in a single original in the Arabic, Chinese, Engli sh, French, Russian and Spanish languages, each text being equally authentic .

Done at London this twenty-third day of March, two thousand and one.

国际组织英文名称缩写

国际组织英文名称缩写 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟APU/A TU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织A TO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织OPANAL American International Chamber of Commerce 美国国际商会 Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织(安第斯集团)Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛ARF Asian-African Conference(Bandung Conference)亚非会议(万隆会议) Asian and Pacific Coconut Community 亚洲和太平洋椰子共同体APCC Asian Cleaning Union 亚洲清算联盟ACU Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries 铁矿砂出口国协会APEF Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries 天然橡胶生产国协会ANRPC Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南国家联盟(东盟)ASEAN Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institution 亚洲最高审计组织ASOSAI Bank of the Central African States 中非国家银行EBAC Benelux Economic Union 比荷卢经济联盟 Caribbean Community 加勒比共同体 Caribbean Multinational Shipping Company 加勒比多国海运公司 Cartagena Group 卡塔赫纳集团 Central African Monetary Union 中非货币同盟 Central American Bank of Economic Integration 中美洲经济一体化银行BCIE Central American Common Market 中美洲共同市场CACM Civil A viation Council of Arab States 阿拉伯国家民用航空理事会CACAS Commission of the Cartagena Agreement 卡塔赫纳协定委员会JUNAC Commonwealth 英联邦 Cocoa Producer’s Alliance 可可生产者联盟CPA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA 独立国家联合体CIS Conference of Non-Aligned Countries 不结盟国家会议 Conference on Confidence and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (Conference on Disarmament

国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写教程文件

国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写

国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金 ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会 AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟 AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟 APU/ATU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织 ATO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织OPANAL American International Chamber of Commerce 美国国际商会 Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织(安第斯集团) Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会 FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会 AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟 AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行 ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织 AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织 ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟 ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛 ARF Asian-African Conference(Bandung Conference)亚非会议(万隆会议)

世界国际组织英文缩写大全

ACP Group of African, Caribbean and Pacific Region Countries 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团 ADB Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行 ADB African Development Bank 非洲开发银行 APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织 ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南亚国家联盟公约 AU African Union 非洲联盟 BFA Boao Forum for Asia 博鳌亚洲论坛 BIE Bureau of International Expositions 国际展览局 BIS Bank for International Settlements 国际清算银行 CAC Codex Alimentarius Commission 食品法典委员会 CDB Caribbean Development Bank 加勒比开发银行 CFC Common Fund for Commodities 商品共同基金 CSD Commission on Sustainable Development 联合国可持续发展委员会 EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development 欧洲复兴发展银行 ECLAC UN Economic Commission for Latin America and Caribbean 联合国拉丁美洲和加勒比经济委员会 ECOSOC UN Economic and Social Council 联合国经济和社会理事会 ESCAP UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific 联合国亚洲及太平洋经济社会委员会 ESCWA UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia 联合国西亚经济社会委员会 EU European Union 欧洲联盟G G 8 Summit Group of Eight Summit 八国集团首脑会议 G20 Group of Twenty 20国集团 G24 Group of Twenty Four 24国集团 IADB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行/泛美开发银行 IATA International Air Transport Association 国际航空运输协会 IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development 国际复兴开发银行/世界银行 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织 ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会 ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织 ICSID International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes 国际投资争端解决中心 IDA International Development Association 国际开发协会 IDB Inter-American Development Bank 美洲开发银行 IDB Islamic Development Bank 伊斯兰开发银行 IEA International Energy Agency 国际能源机构

国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写

国际组织名称中英文对照及缩写 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟APU/ATU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织ATO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织OPANAL American International Chamber of Commerce 美国国际商会 Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织(安第斯集团)Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛ARF Asian-African Conference(Bandung Conference)亚非会议(万隆会议) Asian and Pacific Coconut Community 亚洲和太平洋椰子共同体APCC Asian Cleaning Union 亚洲清算联盟ACU Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行ADB Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries 铁矿砂出口国协会APEF Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries 天然橡胶生产国协会ANRPC Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南国家联盟(东盟)ASEAN Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institution 亚洲最高审计组织ASOSAI Bank of the Central African States 中非国家银行EBAC Benelux Economic Union 比荷卢经济联盟 Caribbean Community 加勒比共同体 Caribbean Multinational Shipping Company 加勒比多国海运公司 Cartagena Group 卡塔赫纳集团 Central African Monetary Union 中非货币同盟 Central American Bank of Economic Integration 中美洲经济一体化银行BCIE Central American Common Market 中美洲共同市场CACM Civil Aviation Council of Arab States 阿拉伯国家民用航空理事会CACAS Commission of the Cartagena Agreement 卡塔赫纳协定委员会JUNAC Commonwealth 英联邦 Cocoa Producer’s Alliance 可可生产者联盟CPA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA 独立国家联合体CIS Conference of Non-Aligned Countries 不结盟国家会议 Conference on Confidence and Security-Building Measures and Disarmament in Europe (Conference on Disarmament in Europe) 在欧洲建立信任与安全措施和裁军会议(欧洲裁军会议)

国际组织词汇汇编

关贸总协定,世界贸易组织的前身GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) 世界贸易组织WTO (World Trade Organization) 乌拉圭回合Uruguay Round 最惠国待遇(现通常称"正常贸易关系")MFN(most-favored-nation) treatment 争端解决机构dispute settlement body 《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》DSU (Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes) 《北美自由贸易协定》NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement) 东盟自由贸易区ASEAN Free Trade Area 东部和南部非洲共同市场COMESA (Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa) 反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against… 非配额产品quota-free products 非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects 风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment 国际收支balance of international payments/ balance of payment 实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to 瓶颈制约"bottleneck" restrictions 非洲、加勒比和太平洋国家集团(洛美协定)ACP (African, Caribbean and Pacific Group) (补贴协议)可诉补贴actionable subsidy 上诉机构appeal body 基础税率base tariff level 国际收支条款BOP(Balance-of-payments) Provisions 既定日程built-in agenda 约束水平bound level (欧盟)共同农业政策Common Agriculture Policy 规避circumvention 反补贴税countervailing duty 交叉报复cross retaliation 海关完税价值customs value 环保型技术EST(Environmentally-sound technology) 出口实绩export performance 出口补贴export subsidy 粮食安全food security 免费搭车者(享受其他国家最惠国待遇而不进行相应减让的国家) free-rider 政府采购government procurement 灰色区域措施grey area measures WTO最不发达国家高级别会议HLM (WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs) 协调制度(商品名称及编码协调制度)HS (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System) 进口许可import licensing 进口渗透import penetration 最初谈判权(初谈权) INRs (Initial Negotiating Rights) 知识产权IPRs (Intellectual property rights) 最不发达国家LDCs (Least-developed countries)

国际组织名称中英文对照

国际组织名称中英文对照 International Development Association 国际开发协会 IDA International Economic Cooperation Conference 国际经济合作组织(南北对话)TheNorth-South Dialogue International Energy Agency 国际能源机构 IEA International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司 IFC International Fund for Agriculture Development 国际农业发展基金会 IFAD International Investment Bank 国际投资银行 IIB International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金会 IMF International Organization of Legal Metrology 国际法定度量衡组织 OIML International Organization of Supreme Audit Institutions 国际最高审计机关组织INTOSAL International Patent Cooperation Union 国际专利合作同盟 International Telecommunications Union 国际通信联盟 ITU Islamic States Broadcasting Organization 伊斯兰国家广播组织 ISBO Islamic Summit Conference 伊斯兰国家首脑会议Non-Aligned Movement 不结盟运动 Nordic Council 北欧理事会 NC North Atlantic Treaty Organization 北大西洋公约组织(北约) NATO North Atlantic Fisheries Organization 北大西洋渔业组织 NAFO OECD Nuclear Energy Agency 经济合作与发展组织核能机构 NEA Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries 阿拉伯石

常见国际组织的中英文及缩写

常见国际组织的中英文及缩写 欧盟European Union — EU 欧元(euro) 阿盟阿拉伯国家联盟League of Arab States — LAS 非洲联盟(African Union — AU,简称“非盟”) 东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations — ASEAN 北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization — NATO ),简称北约 1949年4月4日,美国、加拿大、英国、法国、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、丹麦、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙和意大利等12国在美国首都华盛顿签订了北大西洋公约,宣布成立北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization — NATO ),简称北约。 大赦国际(Amnesty International — AI) 英联邦(The Commonwealth) 不结盟运动(Non-Aligned Movement — NAM) 巴黎俱乐部(Paris Club) 也称“十国集团” (Group-10) 南方中心(South Centre)是以促进南南合作为宗旨的国际著名政府间组织和智库,其前身是南方委员会。南方委员会为第三世界国家政界、外交界、经济界和学术界著名人士组成的国际性组织。1985年由委内瑞拉前总统佩雷斯建议,1986年5月在吉隆坡第二次南南会议决定建立,同年9月宣布正式成立,1994年9月正式改名为南方中心。总部设在日内瓦,现有包括中国在内的51个成员。 独联体是独立国家联合体(Commonwealth of Independent States — CIS) 的简称 上海合作组织(Shanghai Cooperation Organization — SCO) 阿拉伯各国议会联盟(Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union — AIPU) 阿拉伯国家联盟(League of Arab States — LAS,简称“阿盟”) 西欧联盟(Western European Union — WEU) 1955年5月6日成立,前身为布鲁塞尔条约组织,拥有比利时、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国10个正式成员国。2010年3月31日,西欧联盟宣布完成历史使命,正式解散,并决定到2011年6月底停止所有活动。 东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations — ASEAN)的前身是由马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国3国于1961年7月31日在曼谷成立的东南亚联盟。1967年8月8日,印度尼西亚、泰国、新加坡、菲律宾4国外长和马来西亚副总理在曼谷举行会议,发表了《东南亚国家联盟成立宣言》,即《曼谷宣言》,正式宣告东盟成立。 非洲联盟(African Union — AU,简称“非盟”) 拉丁美洲议会(Latin-American Parliament) 金砖四国”是指巴西(Brazil)、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)和中国(China)四个重要国家。由这四个国家英文首字母组成的“BRIC”一词,其发音与英文的“砖块”非常相似,故这四国被称为“金砖四国”(BRICs)。 77国集团(Group of 77 — G77) 是一个由发展中国家政府组成的国际组织。1964年3月,在日内瓦召开的第一届“联合国贸易和发展会议”期间,发达国家与发展中国家产生了尖锐分歧。亚非拉76个国家和南斯拉夫经过连日磋商,发表了《77个发展中国家联合宣言》,提出了关于国际经济关系、贸易与发展的一整套主张。77国集团由此成立。中国虽然不是77国集团的成员,但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求。20世纪90年代以来,中国同77国集团的关系在原有基础上有了较大的进展,并形成了“77国集团+中国”的新型合作模式。目前,中国已全面参与77国集团的所有会议和活动。 核供应国集团(Nuclear Suppliers Group — NSG) 欧洲委员会(Council of Europe — COE) 海湾合作委员会(简称海合会,Gulf Cooperation Council — GCC)全称海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会1919年,国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization — ILO) 根据《凡尔赛和约》,作为国际联

主要国际组织英文缩写

国际组织英文缩写 欧盟European Union -- EU 欧元(euro) 阿盟阿拉伯国家联盟League of Arab States -- LAS 非洲联盟(African Union -- AU,简称“非盟”) 东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN 北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ),简称北约 1949年4月4日,美国、加拿大、英国、法国、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、丹麦、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙和意大利等12国在美国首都华盛顿签订了北大西洋公约,宣布成立北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ),简称北约。 大赦国际(Amnesty International -- AI) 英联邦(The Commonwealth) 不结盟运动(Non-Aligned Movement -- NAM) 巴黎俱乐部(Paris Club) 也称“十国集团” (Group-10) 南方中心(South Centre)是以促进南南合作为宗旨的国际著名政府间组织和智库,其前身是南方委员会。南方委员会为第三世界国家政界、外交界、经济界和学术界著名人士组成的国际性组织。1985年由委内瑞拉前总统佩雷斯建议,1986年5月在吉隆坡第二次南南会议决定建立,同年9月宣布正式成立,1994年9月正式改名为南方中心。总部设在日内瓦,现有包括中国在内的51个成员。 独联体是独立国家联合体(Commonwealth of Independent States -- CIS) 的简称 上海合作组织(Shanghai Cooperation Organization -- SCO) 阿拉伯各国议会联盟(Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union -- AIPU) 阿拉伯国家联盟(League of Arab States -- LAS,简称“阿盟”) 西欧联盟(Western European Union -- WEU) 1955年5月6日成立,前身为布鲁塞尔条约组织,拥有比利时、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国10个正式成员国。2010年3月31日,西欧联盟宣布完成历史使命,正式解散,并决定到2011年6月底停止所有活动。 东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN)的前身是由马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国3国于1961年7月31日在曼谷成立的东南亚联盟。1967年8月8日,印度尼西亚、泰国、新加坡、菲律宾4国外长和马来西亚副总理在曼谷举行会议,发表了《东南亚国家联盟成立宣言》,即《曼谷宣言》,正式宣告东盟成立。 非洲联盟(African Union -- AU,简称“非盟”) 拉丁美洲议会(Latin-American Parliament) 金砖四国”是指巴西(Brazil)、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)和中国(China)四个重要国家。由这四个国家英文首字母组成的“BRIC”一词,其发音与英文的“砖块”非常相似,故这四国被称为“金砖四国”(BRICs)。 77国集团(Group of 77 -- G77) 是一个由发展中国家政府组成的国际组织。1964年3月,在日内瓦召开的第一届“联合国贸易和发展会议”期间,发达国家与发展中国家产生了尖锐分歧。亚非拉76个国家和南斯拉夫经过连日磋商,发表了《77个发展中国家联合宣言》,提出了关于国际经济关系、贸易与发展的一整套主张。77国集团由此成立。中国虽然不是77国集团的成员,但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求。20世纪90年代以来,中国同77国集团的关系在原有基础上有了较大的进展,并形成了“77国集团+中国”的新型合作模式。目前,中国已全面参与77国集团的所有会议和活动。 核供应国集团(Nuclear Suppliers Group -- NSG) 欧洲委员会(Council of Europe -- COE) 海湾合作委员会(简称海合会,Gulf Cooperation Council -- GCC)全称海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会 1919年,国际劳工组织(International Labor Organization -- ILO)根据《凡尔赛和约》,作为国际联盟的附属机构成立。1946年12月14日,成为联合国的一个专门机构。总部设在瑞士日内瓦。禁止化学武器组织(Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons -- OPCW) 前政府首脑国际行动理事会(Inter Action Council of Former Heads of Government -- ICFHG) 是在日本前首相福田赳夫倡议下于1983年成立的非政府性的国际组织,其成员包括国际上有名望的前国家元首和政府首脑。 经济合作与发展组织(Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development -- OECD) 为政府间国际组织,简称“经合组织”。 博鳌亚洲论坛(Boao Forum for Asia -- BFA) 成立于2001年2月27日,它是第一个总部设在中国的国际会议组织。 世界旅游组织(World Tourism Organization) 是联合国专门机构,其宗旨是促进和发展旅游事业,使之有利于经济发展、国际间相互了解,以及和平与繁荣。总部设在西班牙马德里。 国际能源机构(International Energy Agency -- IEA) 是石油消费国政府间的经济联合组织。 亚太经济合作组织(简称“亚太经合组织”,Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation -- APEC)成立之初是一个区域性经济论坛和磋商机构,经过十几年的发展,已逐渐演变为亚太地区重要的经济合作论坛,也是亚太地区最高级别的政府间经济合作机制。它在推动区域贸易投资自由化,加强成员间经济技术合作等方面发挥了不可替代的作用。 亚洲开发银行(简称“亚行”Asian Development Bank -- ADB) 非洲开发银行(African Development Bank -- ADB) 欧洲中央银行(European Central Bank -- ECB) 石油输出国组织(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries -- OPEC),简称“欧佩克”。

国际组织英文缩写

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation 亚太经济合作组织AU African Union 非洲联盟 ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization 国际民航组织 ICC The International Chamber of Commerce 国际商会ICO International Coffee Organization 国际咖啡组织IEA International Energy Agency 国际能源机构 IFA International Franchise Association 国际特许经营加盟协会 IFAC International Federation of Accountants 国际会计师联合会 IFC International Finance Corporation 国际金融公司IGC International Grains Council 国际谷物理事会 ILO International Labor Organization 国际劳工组织IMF International Monetary Fund 国际货币基金组织IMC International Maritime Committee 国际海事委员会IMO International Maritime Organization 国际海事组织IOOC International Olive Oil Council 国际橄榄油理事会ITC International Trade Centre 国际贸易中心 ITCB International Textiles and Clothing Bureau 国际纺织品与服装局 ITU International Telecommunication Union 国际电信联

国际组织中英文对照

顺序即:英文名称——中文名称——简称 African Development Fund 非洲开发基金 ADF African Groundnut Council 非洲花生理事会 AGC African Liberation Committee 非洲解放委员会 African Postal Union 非洲邮政联盟 AFPU African Postal and Telecommunication Union 非洲邮政电信联盟 APU/A TU African Timber Organization 非洲木材组织 A TO Agency for the Protection of Number weapons in Latin America 拉丁美洲禁止核武器组织 OPANAL Andean Pact Organization 安第斯条约组织(安第斯集团) Andean Group Andean Reserve Fund 安第斯储备基金会 FAR Anzus Council 澳新美理事会 Arab African International Bank 阿拉伯-非洲国际银行 Arab Common Market 阿拉伯共同市场 Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development 阿拉伯经济和社会发展基金会 AFESD Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union 阿拉伯议会联盟 AIPU Arab-Latin American Bank 阿拉伯-拉丁美洲银行 ARLABANK Arab Monetary Fund 阿拉伯货币基金组织 AMF Arab Organization for Standardization and Metrology 阿拉伯标准化和计量组织 ASMO Arab States Broadcasting Union 阿拉伯国家广播联盟 ASBU Arab Summit Conference 阿拉伯国家首脑会议 ASEAN Regional Forum 东盟地区论坛 ARF Asian-African Conference(Bandung Conference)亚非会议(万隆会议) Asian and Pacific Coconut Community 亚洲和太平洋椰子共同体 APCC Asian Cleaning Union 亚洲清算联盟 ACU Asian Development Bank 亚洲开发银行 ADB Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries 铁矿砂出口国协会 APEF Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries 天然橡胶生产国协会 ANRPC Association of Southeast Asian Nations 东南国家联盟(东盟) ASEAN Asian Organization of Supreme Audit Institution 亚洲最高审计组织 ASOSAI Bank of the Central African States 中非国家银行 EBAC Benelux Economic Union 比荷卢经济联盟 Caribbean Community 加勒比共同体 Caribbean Multinational Shipping Company 加勒比多国海运公司 Cartagena Group 卡塔赫纳集团 Central African Monetary Union 中非货币同盟 Central American Bank of Economic Integration 中美洲经济一体化银行 BCIE Central American Common Market 中美洲共同市场 CACM Civil A viation Council of Arab States 阿拉伯国家民用航空理事会 CACAS Commission of the Cartagena Agreement 卡塔赫纳协定委员会 JUNAC Commonwealth 英联邦 Cocoa Producer’s Alliance 可可生产者联盟 CPA Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa 东部和南部非洲共同市场 COMESA

国际组织的英文缩写

国际组织的英文缩写 欧盟European Union -- EU 欧元(euro) 阿盟阿拉伯国家联盟League of Arab States -- LAS 非洲联盟(African Union -- AU,简称“非盟”) 东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN 北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ),简称北约 1949年4月4日,美国、加拿大、英国、法国、比利时、荷兰、卢森堡、丹麦、挪威、冰岛、葡萄牙和意大利等12国在美国首都华盛顿签订了北大西洋公约,宣布成立北大西洋公约组织(North Atlantic Treaty Organization -- NATO ),简称北约。 大赦国际(Amnesty International -- AI) 英联邦(The Commonwealth) 不结盟运动(Non-Aligned Movement -- NAM) 巴黎俱乐部(Paris Club) 也称“十国集团” (Group-10) 南方中心(South Centre)是以促进南南合作为宗旨的国际著名政府间组织和智库,其前身是南方委员会。南方委员会为第三世界国家政界、外交界、经济界和学术界著名人士组成的国际性组织。1985年由委内瑞拉前总统佩雷斯建议,1986年5月在吉隆坡第二次南南会议决定建立,同年9月宣布正式成立,1994年9月正式改名为南方中心。总部设在日内瓦,现有包括中国在内的51个成员。 独联体是独立国家联合体(Commonwealth of Independent States -- CIS) 的简称 上海合作组织(Shanghai Cooperation Organization -- SCO) 阿拉伯各国议会联盟(Arab Inter-Parliamentary Union -- AIPU) 阿拉伯国家联盟(League of Arab States -- LAS,简称“阿盟”) 西欧联盟(Western European Union -- WEU) 1955年5月6日成立,前身为布鲁塞尔条约组织,拥有比利时、法国、德国、希腊、意大利、卢森堡、荷兰、葡萄牙、西班牙和英国10个正式成员国。2010年3月31日,西欧联盟宣布完成历史使命,正式解散,并决定到2011年6月底停止所有活动。 东南亚国家联盟(简称东盟,Association of Southeast Asian Nations -- ASEAN)的前身是由马来西亚、菲律宾和泰国3国于1961年7月31日在曼谷成立的东南亚联盟。1967年8月8日,印度尼西亚、泰国、新加坡、菲律宾4国外长和马来西亚副总理在曼谷举行会议,发表了《东南亚国家联盟成立宣言》,即《曼谷宣言》,正式宣告东盟成立。 非洲联盟(African Union -- AU,简称“非盟”) 拉丁美洲议会(Latin-American Parliament) 金砖四国”是指巴西(Brazil)、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)和中国(China)四个重要国家。由这四个国家英文首字母组成的“BRIC”一词,其发音与英文的“砖块”非常相似,故这四国被称为“金砖四国”(BRICs)。 77国集团(Group of 77 -- G77) 是一个由发展中国家政府组成的国际组织。1964年3月,在日内瓦召开的第一届“联合国贸易和发展会议”期间,发达国家与发展中国家产生了尖锐分歧。亚非拉76个国家和南斯拉夫经过连日磋商,发表了《77个发展中国家联合宣言》,提出了关于国际经济关系、贸易与发展的一整套主张。77国集团由此成立。中国虽然不是77国集团的成员,但一贯支持其正义主张和合理要求。20世纪90年代以来,中国同77国集团的关系在原有基础上有了较大的进展,并形成了“77国集团+中国”的新型合作模式。目前,中国已全面参与77国集团的所有会议和活动。

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