Applied Surface Science 286 (2013) 206–211
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Applied Surface
Science
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e :w w w.e l s e v i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /a p s u s
c
Experimental drag reduction study of super-hydrophobic surface with dual-scale structures
Sungnam Lyu a ,Dang C.Nguyen b ,Dongseob Kim a ,Woonbong Hwang a ,Bumsang Yoon b ,?
a Department of Mechanical Engineering,POSTECH,Pohang 680-749,South Korea
b
School of Naval Architecture &Ocean Engineering,University of Ulsan,Ulsan 680-749,South Korea
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history:
Received 7May 2013
Received in revised form 5September 2013Accepted 9September 2013
Available online 16 September 2013
Keywords:
Dual-scale structure Friction drag reduction Super-hydrophobic Super-hydrophilic Slip length
a b s t r a c t
Hydrophobic surfaces with micro-or nanoscale pillars have been attracting considerable interest from scientists.In nature,such surfaces can be found on lotus leaves or under the feet of pond skaters.One signi?cant property of these surfaces is friction drag reduction (FDR).Many studies have been conducted to demonstrate this reduction in terms of laminar and turbulent ?ows.The slip-length hypothesis is often used to explain this phenomenon.In this study,processes with the advantages of simplicity and cost effec-tiveness were used to fabricate dual-scale structures.Durable super-hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic surfaces were easily obtained from these structures.FDR was measured on a super-hydrophobic sur-face and was compared to that on smooth and super-hydrophilic surfaces.The experimental results in a circulating water channel revealed the Reynolds number range within which substantial FDR can occur on a super-hydrophobic surface.The mechanism of FDR and the role of slip are discussed by comparing experimental results.
? 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
1.Introduction
The friction drag reduction (FDR)property of hydrophobic sur-faces allows for their use in a wide range of applications such as car windows,ocean vessels,and building surfaces.There are two basic types of arti?cial hydrophobicity according to the surface struc-ture:pillar-type and channel-type.The common feature of these two types is the presence of micro-or nanoscale structures on their surfaces.These structures trap air and thus generate an air layer between the water and the body surface.Such a scenario allows for water slip,thus causing FDR.The air layer is thus considered a lubricant for the ?ow of water over the surface.
Various experimental approaches have been used to create hydrophobic surfaces.Some of them include template methods [1],ion bombardment [2],lithography [3–5],chemical deposition [6],self-assembly of a monolayer [7]and photocatalysis [8].The com-mon characteristics of these methods are high cost,long fabrication times,and dif?culties in covering a large surface area.To overcome these demerits,a super-hydrophobic surface using the so-called nanowire entanglement structures (NWES)was created by a dip-ping method based on an anodization process in oxalic acid [9].This
?Corresponding author.Tel.:+82522592160;fax:+82542592836.
E-mail addresses:blueden@postech.ac.kr (S.Lyu),cuongshipdesign@https://www.doczj.com/doc/4b10022460.html, (D.C.Nguyen),yusae@postech.ac.kr (D.Kim),whwang@postech.ac.kr (W.Hwang),bsyoon@ulsan.ac.kr (B.Yoon).
technique offers the advantages of low fabrication cost,simplicity,and easy coverage of a large surface area.
Along with studies on the fabrication of arti?cial super-hydrophobic surfaces,much research has been carried out on the demonstration of FDR.FDR has been veri?ed by theoretical,numer-ical,and experimental studies based on the slip hypothesis in terms of laminar and turbulent ?ows.Direct numerical simulation (DNS)[10]and theoretical prediction [11]of turbulent channel ?ow was performed to validate the effect of slip.Experimental results that demonstrated signi?cant drag reduction for laminar [12–15]and turbulent [16–18]?ows in microchannels and normal-sized chan-nels [19,20]were presented.Recent measurements of slip length on hydrophobic surfaces were not con?ned to channel ?ow.Flow slip between two rotating parallel disks [21]and a cone-plate [22]was observed.The factors that affect slip on a hydrophobic surface were determined experimentally.The role of nanoscale roughness [23]and the scaling effect [24]of surface geometry were investigated,and air layer restoration and retention [25]were shown.
A typical example of super-hydrophobicity in nature is the lotus leaf.A water droplet on a lotus leaf shrinks to a sphere that has min-imum contact area with the surface.In addition,a water droplet easily runs off a lotus leaf even at a very small sliding angle (less than 1?).Scanning electron microscope (SEM)images of structures on a lotus leaf are shown in Fig.1.The ?gure shows numerous microscale pillars.On each of these pillars,an extremely large number of nanoscale pillars are present.A structure that has a combination of micro-and nano-elements is called a dual-scale structure.
0169-4332/$–see front matter ? 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.https://www.doczj.com/doc/4b10022460.html,/10.1016/j.apsusc.2013.09.048
S.Lyu et al./Applied Surface Science286 (2013) 206–211
207
Fig.1.SEM images of a lotus leaf surface.Micropillars with a diameter of approximately7?m are shown in(a),and an extremely large number of bristly nanopillars are shown in(b).
Two factors are known to determine the contact angle with
the surface:the surface energy and the structure of the surface.
According to the classical Young’s equation
cos?= s v? ls
l v
(1)
The surface energy of the solid material determines the con-tact angle of the material.Contact angle is calculated by the surface energy between solid/liquid( ls)and solid/vapor( lv).That means the material property itself determines hydrophilicity or hydropho-bicity of the surface.However,one more factor affects this property of the surface.From the equation of Cassie and Baxter,the rough-ness of the surface changes the surface’s wettability:
cos?CB=?cos??(1??)(2) where?is the fraction of the contact area.
If the roughness of the surface increases,the contact area increases.Thus,a hydrophilic surface changes to a super-hydrophilic surface and a hydrophobic surface changes to a super-hydrophobic surface.Therefore,if we change the surface structure,we can easily obtain super-hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic surfaces.In the Cassie state,the hydrophobic property prevents water from penetrating rough structures.Hydrophobic surfaces trap air and thus generate an air layer between the water and the body surface.Such a scenario allows for water slip,thus causing FDR.The air layer is thus considered a lubricant for the ?ow of water over the surface.
The slip length hypothesis is considered a basis for explaining FDR owing to the slip of the?ow over super-hydrophobic surfaces. Many techniques to measure slip length were developed to study ?ow on the surfaces[26].
Navier’s hypothesis states that the velocity at a surface is pro-portional to the shear rate.This can be expressed as
u(y=0)=ˇdu
dy
y=0
(3)
whereˇ(shown in Fig.2)is the slip length and du/dy is the shear rate or velocity gradient in the direction normal to the surface.The velocity at the wall,u(y=0),is called the slip velocity.
In the present work,considerable FDR was measured for smooth,super-hydrophilic,and super-hydrophobic?at surfaces. Simple and cost-effective processes were used to fabricate these three surfaces.Each experimental result was compared with the theoretical prediction,and FDR and the role of slip was explained by the comparison.A considerable FDR was observed for the super-hydrophobic?at plate in the Reynolds number (Re)region.The result indicated that a super-hydrophobic sur-face causes a turbulent?ow to behave like a laminar?ow in a small Re range,which is highly desirable for?at-plate friction reduction
Fig.2.Slip length over a surface.
2.Experimental
2.1.Fabrication of dual-scale super-hydrophobic and
super-hydrophilic surfaces
A pure(99.5%)industrial aluminum sheet(300×140×5mm) was used as the basic material.Maskant solution was painted on one side of the sheet to protect it during the anodization process. The aluminum was anodized in a0.3M oxalic acid solution at a constant voltage of40V for12h.During anodization,the oxalic acid solution was maintained at26?C by a double-walled water jacket. Usually,a platinum plate is used as the cathode in the anodization process.However,it was not necessary to use platinum to achieve a regular pore arrangement,and thus,the same aluminum plate was used as a cathode.
Aluminum reacts with the ionized acid solution because of the voltage applied during anodization.Aluminum surface becomes anodic oxide?lm and this?lm grows as the reaction begins.Typi-cally,holes appear on the aluminum surface in a certain condition from the result of oxide growth.Fig.4(a)shows the surface of indus-trial aluminum anodized at40V and15?C for12h.
The anodization conditions(temperature,voltage,and time) affect the oxide growth and arrangement of these holes.High tem-perature accelerates the oxide?lm growth and irregular coral-like
Fig.3.Schematic diagram of anodized surface structures:(a)low temperature (15?C);(b)high temperature(26?C).
208S.Lyu et al./Applied Surface Science 286 (2013) 206–
211
Fig.4.SEM image of anodized surface:(a)porous surface anodized at 15?C;(b)coral-like surface anodized at 26?C.
structures appear by the lateral repulsive forces caused by this rapid growth.Surface structures anodized in low temperature (15?C)and high temperature (26?C)were showed schematically in Fig.3.On the peaks of the microstructure,some nanosized structures that resemble corals are observed.Surface roughness resulting from high temperatures and long anodization times varies from nano to micro sizes.Fig.4(b)shows an SEM image of an industrial aluminum surface anodized at 40V and 26?C for 12h.
To achieve hydrophobicity on the surfaces,a heptadeca?uoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrodecyl trimethoxysilane (HDFS)coating method with an N -hexane solution containing 0.1%HDFS was used.The anodized aluminum sheet with dual-scale roughness was dipped into the mixed solution for approximately 10min.After the HDFS coating step,the aluminum sheet was rinsed with a hexane solution for 20min.Finally,a very thin layer of HDFS was coated onto the dual-scale structure and hydrophobicity was imparted to one side of the aluminum plate.The overall fabrication process is brie?y illustrated in Fig.
5
Fig.5.Fabrication process of super-hydrophobic dual-scale surface.
The dual-scale structure maximizes the wetting property of the surface.This means that super-hydrophobic and super-hydrophilic surfaces have the same micro/nano surface structures.The only difference between the surfaces is their material properties,which change the interfacial energy.In other words,a thin HDFS layer decreases the surface energy and imparts hydrophobicity,whereas an anodized alumina oxide (AAO)layer obtained after anodization increases the surface energy,leading to hydrophilicity.
The contact angle of a water droplet,as determined using a drop shape analysis system (DSA-100,Kruss Co.),is 0?on the super-hydrophilic surface and 160?on the super-hydrophobic surface (Fig.6).
2.2.Description of the experiment
In the experiments,three 600×140×5mm test plates with either a super-hydrophobic,super-hydrophilic,or smooth alu-minum surface were used.
The experiments were conducted in a circulating water chan-nel (CWC),as shown in Fig.7.The dimensions of the test tank were 3.0×1.0×0.8m.The maximum water velocity that the twin impellers could generate was 1.5m/s.
As mentioned above,the test plates used in the experiments were made of aluminum and had dimensions of 600×140×5mm (two 300×140×5mm joined ?at plates).The plates were attached to a 600×140×20mm robust acrylic panel and ?xed by 12screws.Then the acrylic panel was in turn connected to a three-component load cell,and all equipment was ?rmly ?xed to a robust structure.To eliminate form resistance that could be exerted on the model,a leading part with a length of 50mm was fabricated with a sharp edge.This part was located forward of the model and held by an independent structure.The clearance between the leading part and the model was suf?ciently small to make the ?ow as smooth as pos-sible.Both the leading part and the model were adjustable in three directions (vertical by a screw shaft,horizontal,and transverse).An overview of the experimental setup is shown in Fig.8,and
a
Fig.6.Contact angle of the (a)anodized aluminum surface (0?);and (b)HDFS-coated surface (160?).
S.Lyu et al./Applied Surface Science286 (2013) 206–211
209
Fig.7.Schematic of the layout of the CWC.(a)supporting structure;(b)circulating water channel with twin impellers;(c)test tank;and(d)model with its holding structure.
300×140×5mm super-hydrophobic plate model is displayed in Fig.9.
The experimental setup for drag force measurement is shown in Fig.10.The drag force acting on the model was measured with a three-component load cell;only the x-direction component was used for the drag measurement.The data acquired were ultimately processed using Labview.At each?ow velocity,thousands of drag force samples were obtained.These values were then averaged to yield the friction drag force at that velocity.
The velocity of the?ow ranged from0.075m/s to0.503m/s
(equivalent to a Reynolds number range of54,300to364,500).
The
Fig.8.Overview of the experimental
setup.
Fig.9.Super-hydrophobic plate(300×140×5mm).
model was submerged to a depth of3mm and held parallel to the
water surface.
The friction force was measured at every velocity value.The sys-
tem was then turned off to stop the?ow of the water.The velocity
was subsequently set to increase gradually.The measurement pro-
cedure was then repeated,and after several loops,the desired data
were obtained.
3.Results and discussion
In order to establish a basis from which to compare and jus-
tify the attained results,a prediction should be made for cases of
laminar and turbulent?ows.Hence,the Schoenherr and Blasius
formulas were applied.These formulas were analytically inferred
from?ow problems on a?at plate in the above two cases.
The friction drag force of a?at plate is calculated using the fol-
lowing expression:
F D=0.5C F v2A(4)
where C F is the friction drag force coef?cient, =1000kg/m3is the
density of water,v(m/s)is the?ow velocity,and
A=0.084m2is the wetted surface area of the?at plate.
C F is determined as follows:
0.242
C F
=log10(Rn.C F)(5)
for turbulent?ow and
C F=
1.328
Rn
(6)
for laminar?ow,where Re=vL/ is the Reynolds number,L=0.6m
is the model’s length, =8.97×10?7m2/s is the kinematic viscosity
of water at25?C.
The estimated friction drag coef?cient and the prediction lines
are shown in Fig.11.The blue solid line is Schoenherr’s predic-
tion for a smooth?at plate in the case of turbulent?ow,while the
black solid line is Blasius’prediction for a smooth?at plate in the
Fig.10.Drag measurement system.
210S.Lyu et al./Applied Surface Science 286 (2013) 206–
211
Fig.11.Friction drag versus the ?ow velocity and Reynolds number.
case of laminar ?ow.Red dots denote the results obtained for the super-hydrophilic test plate,black stars represent the results for the super-hydrophobic test plate,and blue squares are the results for the smooth ?at plate.
It is evident that the friction drag of the super-hydrophilic and smooth surfaces was nearly identical over the entire range of ?ow velocities.In Fig.12,at Re >125,000,it is clear that such results are in good agreement with Schoenherr’s prediction for a ?at plate,in the case of turbulent ?ow.Thus,it is strongly asserted that the ?ow through the super-hydrophilic and smooth surfaces was com-pletely turbulent from an Re of about 125,000.The ?ow regime from the beginning to Re =125,000is the transition regime at which the ?ow may be either turbulent or laminar.Super-hydrophilicity is believed to induce an absolute non-slip ?ow at the surface.For this reason,the experiments showed that there was no slip at the smooth surface or the slip was not suf?ciently large to change the friction drag.
The friction drag of the super-hydrophobic surface at Re <100,000was very small when compared to that of the super-hydrophilic and smooth surfaces.A value of zero was attained at Re <90,000,which was similar to the results of Henoch’s experi-ments [19].At 100,000
increase
Fig.12.Friction drag coef?cient versus Reynolds number.
faster and ?nally reached a value close to that of the super-hydrophilic and smooth surfaces at Re ～260,000.
The mechanism of FDR can be explained with respect to the entrapment of air between the plate surface and the water.At a lower velocity,thee air layer covered almost the entire area of the wetted surface,and slip occurred everywhere.This caused a large reduction in friction drag.As the ?ow velocity increased,the air layer shrank,and the area of slip decreased.This caused the fric-tion drag to increase rapidly and become asymptotic to that of the smooth and super-hydrophilic surfaces.Finally,at a certain veloc-ity,the air layer was completely swept away by the ?ow.At this point,there was no slip,and no FDR occurred.
At velocity v <0.15m/s (Re <110,000),when the air layer cov-ered almost the entire wetted surface,the rate of increase in the friction drag of the super-hydrophobic surface was not remarkable.At this range of velocities,the ?ows under the super-hydrophilic and smooth surfaces behaved like turbulence,while that under the super-hydrophobic surface behaved like a laminar ?ow.At velocity v >0.15m/s (Re >110,000),the air layer was observed to shrink,and the rate of increase in the friction drag increased further.Once the air layer vanished,no slip occurred,and the friction drag conformed to the laws of turbulent ?ow around non-slip surfaces.
The experimental results showed that turbulent ?ow may have been retarded (the transition Re was increased)by super-hydrophobicity.In other words,the turbulent boundary layer seemed to transform into a laminar boundary layer in the low Reynolds number region because of super-hydrophobicity.Such a phenomenon caused a remarkable FDR in not only intensity but also in the rate of increase in that region.Furthermore,the fric-tion drag of the super-hydrophobic surface was even smaller than smooth surfaces.Such a result was due to ?ow slip caused by the hydrophobicity of the surface.It can be said that hydrophobicity is important in making the ?ow more ideal.
In the experiments,the only difference between the super-hydrophilic and super-hydrophobic surfaces was their material properties (AAO versus HDFS).Other properties,such as the sur-face structures and size,were the same.As such,several questions have arisen regarding the differences in the behavior of the two sur-faces and the mechanism underlying the generation of an air layer between the super-hydrophobic surface and the water.With the same micro/nano structures,super-hydrophilicity did not allow air to be trapped.Instead,water rapidly occupied every micro hole and caused the contact angle of a water droplet to reach zero.It could be said that AAO (hydrophilic material)had such a high wettability that it allowed water molecules to access the holes easily.In con-trast,HDFS (hydrophobic material)had a low wettability,and this property protected the holes from the invasion of water.Thus,an air layer was generated because of the air trapped in the holes.A water layer contiguous to the air layer attained a certain velocity,and an FDR was achieved.The preservation of an air layer in the presence of a high velocity ?ow is a signi?cant practical problem and may depend on the properties of the micro/nano structures (morphology,distribution,robustness,size).
4.Conclusions
Robust super-hydrophobic and super-hydrophilic surfaces with the same surface structures were created with inexpensive mate-rials via a simple fabrication process.The material properties of the surfaces,not their micro/nano scale roughness,determined whether the surface was hydrophobic or hydrophilic.Roughness only served to increase the hydrophobicity or hydrophilicity of the surfaces.However,speci?c material properties and surface roughness were two necessary and suf?cient conditions for super-hydrophilicity and super-hydrophobicity.
S.Lyu et al./Applied Surface Science286 (2013) 206–211211
A considerable FDR was observed for the super-hydrophobic?at plate for Re<200,000.The FDR increased as the Reynolds number decreased.However,an FDR was not obtained at a high Reynolds number(Re>260,000).
The experiments demonstrated that an FDR is mainly caused by the existence of slip.Slip is in turn caused by an air layer between a surface and a?ow.Furthermore,it is thought that the?ow tran-sition is likely to be retarded by super-hydrophobicity,and hence, the friction drag is considerably smaller than that predicted in a very low Re region.That is,a super-hydrophobic surface makes a turbulent?ow behave like a laminar?ow in a small Re range,which is very desirable for?at plate friction.
Further,the experiments revealed much of the overall behav-ior of hydrophobicity.Due to the ability to repel individual water droplets and the inability to maintain an air layer at a high Re num-ber,super-hydrophobicity is more likely to be applied to keeping surfaces such as car windows clean,rather than FDR surfaces such as the submerged portion of a ship’s hull.Besides,the aging prob-lem of the hydrophobic surface caused by long-term soaking of the hull in water would also have to be dealt with.
Areas for future work include studies on FDR with other super-hydrophobic surface structures,FDR at a higher Reynolds number, and the optimal geometry of nano/micro surface structures.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by the University of Ulsan,National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIP)(No.2013R1A2A1A01016911),the Ministry of Education(MOE)(No.2012H1B8A2026127).
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Business Negotiation Skills in English （商务英语谈判技巧） Phases of Negotiation According to Robert Maddux, author of Successful Negotiation, negotiation is the process we use to satisfy our needs when someone else controls what we want. In business negotiations, the two parties endeavor to obtain their business goals through bargaining with their counterparts. Business negotiations are conducted in the following four phases: the preparation phase, opening phase, bargaining phase and closing phase. Preparation phase 1.Choosing your team The negotiation team should include members in the following areas: Commercial: responsible for the negotiation on price, delivery terms, and commercial policy of risk taking. Technical: responsible for specifications, programs, and methods of work. Financial: terms of payment, credit insurance and financial guarantees. Legal: contract documents, terms and conditions of contract, insurance and legal interpretation. Interpreter: familiar with the foreign language needed as well as the negotiation-related knowledge, and having certain communication skills. The most important role in the team is the chief negotiator (CN), who is supposed to possess the following qualities: sociability, shrewdness, adaptability, patience, endurance. Other than that, extensive knowledge, clear oral expression as well as strong leadership are also important for a CN. 2. Gathering and analyzing information Valuable information covers the areas in political, legal as well as business system, market research, financial policies, infrastructure and logistics. The knowledge on the counterpart is also necessary. With the information at hand, it is time do a feasibility study to adjust our goals to be achieved. 3. The negotiation plan The plan defines the negotiating objectives, sets the minimum acceptable level for each term, and states the time control, initial strategy, the tactics and others including the location, personnel and facilities needed. A well-designed plan allows more flexibility in different situations and guides the negotiators through the negotiation process without getting off track. The opening phase It is common that the seller submits proposals. Then the buyer confronts with three options: outright acceptance, outright rejection, and qualified rejection,
《葛底斯堡演讲》三个中文译本的对比分析 葛底斯堡演讲是林肯于19世纪发表的一次演讲,该演讲总长度约3分钟。然而该演讲结构严谨,富有浓郁的感染力和号召力,即便历经两个世纪仍为人们津津乐道,成为美国历史上最有传奇色彩和最富有影响力的演讲之一。本文通过对《葛底斯堡演讲》的三个译本进行比较分析,从而更进一步加深对该演讲的理解。 标签：葛底斯堡演讲,翻译对比分析 葛底斯堡演讲是美国历史上最为人们所熟知的演讲之一。1863年11月19日下午,林肯在葛底斯堡国家烈士公墓的落成仪式上发表献词。该公墓是用以掩埋并缅怀4个半月前在葛底斯堡战役中牺牲的烈士。 林肯是当天的第二位演讲者,经过废寝忘食地精心准备,该演讲语言庄严凝练,内容激昂奋进。在不足三分钟的演讲里,林肯通过引用了美国独立宣言中所倡导的人权平等,赋予了美国内战全新的内涵,内战并不仅是为了盟军而战,更是为了“自由的新生(anewbirthoffreedom)”而战,并号召人们不要让鲜血白流,要继续逝者未竞的事业。林肯的《葛底斯堡演讲》成功地征服了人们,历经多年仍被推崇为举世闻名的演说典范。 一、葛底斯堡演说的创作背景 1.葛底斯堡演说的创作背景 1863年7月1日葛底斯堡战役打响了。战火持续了三天,战况无比惨烈,16万多名士兵在该战役中失去了生命。这场战役后来成为了美国南北战争的一个转折点。而对于这个位于宾夕法尼亚州,人口仅2400人的葛底斯堡小镇,这场战争也带来了巨大的影响——战争遗留下来的士兵尸体多达7500具,战马的尸体几千具,在7月闷热潮湿的空气里,腐化在迅速的蔓延。 能让逝者尽快入土为安,成为该小镇几千户居民的当务之急。小镇本打算购买一片土地用以兴建公墓掩埋战死的士兵,然后再向家属索要丧葬费。然而当地一位富有的律师威尔斯(DavidWills)提出了反对意见,并立即写信给宾夕法尼亚州的州长,提议由他本人出资资助该公墓的兴建,该请求获得了批准。 威尔斯本打算在10月23日邀请当时哈佛大学的校长爱德华(EdwardEverett)来发表献词。爱德华是当时一名享有盛誉的著名演讲者。爱德华回信告知威尔斯,说他无法在那么短的时间之内准备好演讲,并要求延期。因此,威尔斯便将公墓落成仪式延期至该年的11月19日。 相比较威尔斯对爱德华的盛情邀请,林肯接到的邀请显然就怠慢很多了。首先,林肯是在公墓落成仪式前17天才收到邀请。根据十九世纪的标准,仅提前17天才邀请总统参加某一项活动是极其仓促的。而威尔斯的邀请信也充满了怠慢,
商务英语谈判经典句 1 If you take quality into consideration, you will find our price reasonable. 如果您把质量考虑进去的话，您会发现我方价格是合理的。 2 We guarantee quality products which can stand fierce competition. 我们保证提供能经得起激烈竞争的高质量产品。 3 I still have some questions concerning our contract. 就合同方面我还有些问题要问。 4 We are always willing to cooperate with you and if necessary make some concessions. 我们总是愿意合作的，如果需要还可以做些让步。 5 If you have any comment about these clauses, do not hesitate to make. 对这些条款有何意见，请尽管提，不必客气。 6 Do you think there is something wrong with the contract? 你认为合同有问题吗？ 7 We'd like you to consider our request once again. 我们希望贵方再次考虑我们的要求。 8 We'd like to clear up some points connected with the technical part of the contract. 我们希望搞清楚有关合同中技术方面的几个问题。 9 The negotiations on the rights and obligations of the parties under contract turned out to be very successful. 就合同保方的权利和义务方面的谈判非常成功。 10 We can't agree with the alterations and amendments to the contract. 我们无法同意对合同工的变动和修改。 11 We hope that the next negotiation will be the last one before signing the contract. 我们希望下一交谈判将是签订合同前的最后一轮谈判。 12 We don't have any different opinions about the contractual obligations of both parties. 就合同双方要承担的义务方面，我们没有什幺意见。 13 That's international practice. We can't break it.
商务英语写作实训心得体会3篇 商务英语课程是为满足国际经济交流日益频繁的新形势发展和用人单位对从业人 员的要求而开设的一门商务知识与语言知识相结合的课程。下面是商务英语实训心得，希望大家喜欢。 篇一：商务英语实训心得 此次商务谈判实训内容丰富、形式多样，使得我们的实训即丰富又有趣，更好地把理论知识与实践相结合。 通过此次实训，我们认识到：一定不能只局限与理论知识的学习，更应该把理论的东西与实战相结合，多抓住些实战的机会锻炼自己的谈判能力，从而达到学习的目标，减少经济成本，赢得最大利益，成为一个成功的商务人士。在准备谈判的阶段，我们收集了大量资料，受益匪浅。如各阶段的谈判策略：开始阶段的策略主要是创造良好的气氛，通过寒暄营造一个轻松的环境，分清楚双方的合作诚意，为后一阶段做好准备;报价阶段首先要掌握报价的原则和合理方式，确定报价，通过买方接受的报价策略而确定自己的心理定价;讨价还价是要根据具体的条件和环境进行的，具体策略包括投石问路、竞争对比策略等;在让步阶段，要通过灵活多边的价格让步，打破商务谈判的僵局，促进谈判的成功，迫使对方让步的策略有利用竞争、顺水推舟等。 在模块二外贸单证缮制中，审核合同，信用证，缮制商业发票，装箱单，提单，保单，产地证，汇票，装船通知，受益人等全部在电脑上操作，这样又让我们熟练了Office 办公软件和Excel填表。同时，通过准确无误的填这些表，培养了我的耐心细致的能力。此次实训为我们提供如此好的锻炼学习机会，为我们在以后的工作中提供丰富的经验!希望学校以后能有更多类似的实训，去磨砺我们，提高我们的专业技能，比同级其他学生更有竞争优势﹗ 篇二：商务英语实训心得
话说宝玉在林黛玉房中说"耗子精"，宝钗撞来，讽刺宝玉元宵不知"绿蜡"之典，三人正在房中互相讥刺取笑。 杨宪益：Pao-yu，as we saw, was in Tai-yu?s room telling her the story about the rat spirits when Pao-chai burst in and teased him for forgetting the “green wax” allusion on the night of the Feast of Lanterns. 霍克斯: We have shown how Bao-yu was in Dai-yu?s room telling her the story of the magic mice; how Bao-Chai burst in on them and twitted Bao-yu with his failure to remember the …green wax? allusion on the night of the Lantern Festival; and how the three of them sat teasing each other with good-humored banter. 对比分析：杨宪益和霍克斯在翻译“耗子精”采用来了不同的处理方法，前者使用了异化”rat spirits”，后者用的是归化法”magic mice”,使用归化法更受英美读者的亲乃。但是二者同时采用了增译法，增添了the story，原文并没有。在翻译“宝玉不知绿烛之典”的“不知”，英文1用的是“forgetting”，而译文2用的是“with failure to ”，显然译文2更符合英美的表达习惯。 那宝玉正恐黛玉饭后贪眠，一时存了食，或夜间走了困，皆非保养身体之法。幸而宝钗走来，大家谈笑，那林黛玉方不欲睡，自己才放了心。 杨宪益：Pao-yu felt relieved as they laughed and made fun of each other, for he had feared that sleeping after lunch might give Tai-yu indigestion or insomnia that night, and so injure her health. Luckily Pao-chai?s arrival and the lively conversation that followed it had woken Tai-yu up. 霍克斯: Bao-yu had been afraid that by sleeping after her meal Dai-yu would give herself indigestion or suffer from insomnia through being insufficiently tired when she went to bed at night, but Bao-chai?s arrival and the lively conversation that followed it banished all Dai-yu?s desire to sleep and enabled him to lay aside his anxiety on her behalf. 对比分析：译文一对原文语序进行了调整，先说了“放心”，再说“担心”，但并不如不调整顺序的逻辑强。译文二只是用了一个“but”就把原文意思分层了两层，逻辑更加清晰，符合西方人注重逻辑的习惯。原文中的“谈笑”是动词，而两个译文版本都是译的“the lively conversation”，是名词，体现了汉语重动态，英文重静态的特点。 忽听他房中嚷起来，大家侧耳听了一听，林黛玉先笑道："这是你妈妈和袭人叫嚷呢。那袭人也罢了，你妈妈再要认真排场她，可见老背晦了。" 杨宪益：Just then, a commotion broke out in Pao-yu?s apartments and three of th em pricked up their ears. “It?s your nanny scolding Hai-jen,” announced Tai-yu. “There?s nothing wrong with Hai-jen, yet your nanny is for ever nagging at her. Old age has befuddled her.”
A为仪器设备公司代表，B为买方。 询价，报价，还价, 签合同 B: after attending your new product lunch meeting, I am very interested in your product, can I make a inquiry for your equipment and instrument A：here is our latest catalogue and price list, you can choose any one of it B: I would like to buy optical instrument, and all the prices are on the FOB price, could you quote us CIF Chongqing. A ：that can easily be done ,I’ll work It out for you. Here your are. B :1 million $,your price is unworkable ,there is no chance of doing busi ness between us if you don’t adjust your price. A :actually ,this price leave us little profit ,and our product have the best quality and powerful function, if you consider these advantage of our product, you will be see our price is highly competitive. B :I can’t deny these advantage ,unless you can make some sort of concession, otherwise I think we have to call it a day. A:what do you have in mind ? B:could you consider reducing your price to 3%? A: our maximum is only 1%,we can’t go any further. I afraid. B:well, we accept the price .but on condition ：delivery must be made within 30 days ,ok? A: sounds good, if you don’t h ave any question, We`ve brought the draft of our contract. Please have a look.
《傲慢与偏见》（节选一） Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen (An Except from Chapter One) 译文对比分析 节选文章背景：小乡绅贝内特有五个待字闺中的千金，贝内特太太整天操心着为女儿物色称心如意的丈夫。新来的邻居宾利(Bingley)是个有钱的单身汉，他立即成了贝内特太太追猎的目标。 1.It’s a truth u niversally acknowledged, that a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. 译文一：凡是有钱的单身汉，总想娶位太太，这已经成了一条举世公认的道理。译文二：有钱的单身汉总要娶位太太，这是一条举世公认的真理。 2.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighborhood, this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters. 译文一：这样的单身汉，每逢新搬到一个地方，四邻八舍虽然完全不了解他的性情如何，见解如何，可是，既然这样的一条真理早已在人们心中根深蒂固，因此人们总是把他看作是自己某一个女儿理所应得的一笔财产。 译文二：这条真理还真够深入人心的，每逢这样的单身汉新搬到一个地方，四邻八舍的人家尽管对他的性情见识一无所知，却把他视为某一个女儿的合法财产。 3.”My dear Mr. benne” said his lady to him one day ,”have you heard that nether field park is let at last?” 译文一：有一天班纳特太太对她的丈夫说：“我的好老爷，尼日斐花园终于租出去了，你听说过没有？” 译文二：“亲爱的贝特先生”一天，贝纳特太太对先生说：“你有没有听说内瑟费尔德庄园终于租出去了：” 4.Mr. Bennet replied that he had not. 译文一：纳特先生回答道，他没有听说过。 译文二：纳特先生回答道，没有听说过。 5.”But it is,” returned she:” for Mrs. long has just been here, and she t old me all about it.” 译文一：“的确租出去了，”她说，“朗格太太刚刚上这来过，她把这件事情的底细，一五一十地都告诉了我。” 译文二：“的确租出去了，”太太说道。“朗太太刚刚来过，她把这事一五一十地全告诉我了。”
商务英语学习心得 1.商务英语的特点 与普通英语不同，商务英语强调的是商务沟通能力，其追求的目标是用最准确、最清晰的商务语言来与同事、老板以及客户进行最有效的沟通和交流。另外商务英语还涉及了很多西方的先进管理思想和工作方式，包括如何与外国员工合作以及他们之间的交流方式等等。基于此处，商务英语又包含了很多西方人的工作理念。 商务英语是英语的一种社会功能变体，是专门用途英语中的一个分支，是英语在商务场合中的应用。它涉及技术引进、对外贸易、招商引资、对外劳务承包与合同、国际合同、国际金融、涉外保险、国际旅游、海外投资、国际运输等等，人们从事这些活动所使用的英语统称为商务英语。商务英语源于普通英语，并以此为基础，完全具有普通英语的语言学特征，但同时它又是商务知识和普通英语的综合体，因而具有其内在的独特性。 2.商务英语的学习方法 2.1掌握商务英语语汇句型，熟悉商务英语篇章 学习商务英语首先要从英语语言基础入手，由于商务英语涉及到英语的听、说、读、写、译，商务英语学生必须在这些方面有一定的基础。提高听、说、读、写、译水平最根本的办法就是要掌握尽可能多的商务英语词汇、短语、句型和商务英语习惯表达法。商务英语学生都有一定的英语基础，但对有关商务词汇、短语、句型掌握得不多，对商务英语语篇不熟悉，因此，应该先从商务英语词汇等方面开始。 商务英语有别于普通英语。商务英语是在买卖商品或服务的商务活动中使用的各种正式与非正式文件，或者说，商务英语主要是商务应用文英语，说明论证性文章占绝大多数，如：商务信函、备忘录、商务报告、广告、合同协议等。因此，商务英语一般采用演绎或归纳等论证方法或因果、对比比较、过程分析、说服、陈列等说明方法来组织构建文章的篇章。 2.2学习培养商务英语的听说读写译能力 在学习掌握了英语基础知识和基本技能的基础上，我们必须学习掌握商务英语的听说读写译能力。这是我们毕业后就业谋职的本领。要学习掌握商务英语的听说读写译能力，我们应熟悉各种商务英语题材和体裁的口语书面文字，就商务英语这种专门用途英语进行大量的听说读写译的实践训练活动。通过商务英语的学习，我们必须掌握商务英语交流谈判的能力，熟悉并掌握商务英语应用文的写作技能和书面交流、谈判、交易的能力，学习并掌握商务英语口笔译能力。
《乡愁》两个英译本的对比分析 曹菊玲 （川外2013级翻译硕士教学1班文学翻译批评与鉴赏学期课程论文） 摘要：余光中先生的《乡愁》是一首广为人知的诗歌，曾被众多学者翻译成英文，本文将对赵俊华译本和杨钟琰译本进行对比分析，主要从原作的分析、译文的准确性、译文风格以及对原文意象的把握入手进行赏析，指出两译本的不足和精彩之处。 关键词：《乡愁》；原诗的分析；准确性；风格；意象的把握 1.原诗的分析 作者余光中出生于大陆，抗战爆发后在多地颠沛流离，最后22岁时移居台湾。20多年都未回到大陆，作者思乡情切，于上世纪70年代创作了这首脍炙人口的诗歌，但是当时大陆与台湾关系正处于紧张时期，思而不得的痛苦与惆怅包含于整首诗中。 全诗为四节诗，节与节之间完全对称，四句一节，共十六句，节奏感、韵律感很强，读起来朗朗上口。而且这首诗语言简洁，朴实无华，但是却表达了深刻的内涵。从整体上看，作者采取层层递进的方式，以时空的隔离和变化来推进情感的表达，最后一句对大陆的思念，一下子由个人哀愁扩大到国家分裂之愁，因而带有历史的厚重感。 【原诗】 乡愁 余光中 小时候／乡愁是一枚小小的邮票／我在这头／母亲在那头 长大后／乡愁是一张窄窄的船票／我在这头／新娘在那头 后来啊／乡愁是一方矮矮的坟墓／我在外头／母亲在里头 而现在／乡愁是一湾浅浅的海峡／我在这头／大陆在那头 【译诗】 (1) 赵俊华译 Homesick As a boy, I was homesick for a tiny stamp, —I was here, Mom lived alone over there. When grow up, I was homesick for a small ship ticket. —I was here,
商务英语谈判实训总结3篇 现在我们已步入大三，经过两年的在校学习，对商务英语有了比较全面的系统的认识和理解，但在校期间，一直在进行着理论知识的学习，没能有机会走出校园或者进行一些商务英语方面的讲解和谈判的训练实践。所以在实训之前，商务英语谈判对我们来说是比较抽象的，脑海中没有什么基本的谈判概念，但通过这次实训，我们揭开了她神秘的面纱，其实一切并不遥远。 一个人如果想走的更远，那他需要不懈的努力。但是如果他想走的更长，那他则需要一个团队，需要一个他懂的并且懂他的团结团队。这次的商务英语谈判实训中，我们被要求进行分组，建立一个四人到五人的谈判小组，分角色饰演谈判双方谈判代表，以此让我们尽可能地体会到谈判双方的角度和立场，让我们的谈判实训更加逼真更加成功。在老师给出我们谈判的双方角色以及其买方所要需要的产品后，我们积极进行分组讨论，而我和我的搭档则选择了作为卖方的谈判代表。一切都在不紧不慢的进行着，收集材料，进行角色的分工，最后开始写谈判剧本。刚开始我以为这次的谈判剧本就是几个人说着几句话最后达到某一个共识这样简单而已。但是当我真正的开始写自己台词的时候，我才恍然大悟，剧本不是那样简单的几句话。我们应该有一个思路、有一个双方交涉甚至双方在某一问题上的僵持，最后才会让我们的谈判成功。这些是后来董玲老师告诉我们的。很幸运我们这个不成熟的小组遇到了这样一位很有耐心的老师，从最初的处处皆问题到现在的句句都通顺，董老师给了我们很多建议，甚至可以说我们 的谈判手稿没有她就没有现在的通顺且合乎情理。也是董老师让我们这个本不是很团结的小组变得上下一心。所以在此特别感谢董老师!每个人都是独一无二的，所以我们的思想以及思维方式也是不一样的，最初关于谈判手稿，我们小组可谓说是各执己见，没有人肯让步，即使是作出让步也只是杯水车薪。离我们老师的思路清晰
《落花生》两英译本的对比分析 【摘要】本文对张培基先生和刘士聪先生对《落花生》的英译本从接受美学的角度进行了对比分析。通过分析原文的写作目的，风格和语言特点从而对翻译的分析打下良好基础。举例对翻译的段落进行了对比分析，反映了译者的期待视野影响翻译目的，职业经历和翻译的基本观点影响期待视野。这一点对于文本不确定性和语义空白点的具体化十分重要。 【关键词】《落花生》；张培基；刘士聪；接受美学；翻译对比 一、原文的介绍 《落花生》是中国著名作家许地山创作的一篇具有深远意义的散文。他回忆了童年时发生的一件小事。父亲通过一件关于花生的小事讲述了生活哲理。 原文具有以下几个功能： 1、信息功能：它描述了童年发生的一件事及花生的特点和用途。 2、审美功能：文章的语言简单朴素清新自然。语言特点，内容和风格相得益彰，形成了浓厚的艺术吸引力。 3、表达功能：这篇散文表达了作者崇高的思想，即便是在动荡浑浊的旧时代，还应保持个人节操。 4、祈使功能：虽然描写的是不起眼的花生，却在字里行间向大家传递了人生哲学。那就是“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做伟大、体面的人了。” 二、两英译本对比分析 张先生和刘先生在翻译时都保留了原文的风格和特点。但他们的翻译风格还是有些不同的。 他们的期待视野影响其翻译目的。他们的职业经历影响他们翻译期待视野。张先生和刘先生都曾在出版社做过编辑，都潜心研究翻译事业。但是不同的是刘先生还有翻译教学的经历。和张先生相比，他更算的上是一个翻译教育学者。他投身于翻译教学和其他英语相关的学科研究中。从以上可以推断出，可能刘先生在翻译过程中遵循的规则更加严格，并且会更加的客观，也就是说学术的客观性会比较多，在翻译中自己主观理解的加入可能较少。这里有一个例子。原文：“那晚上的天色不大好，…”刘先生译文：“The weather was not very good that night but，….”张先生译文：“It looked like rain that evening，….”而“天色不太好”并不代表就是要下雨了。虽然对于这一句的翻译并不影响整体，但是作为一个翻译来说，并不应该加入过多的理所当然的想象。 除了翻译家的职业经历会影响他们的翻译表现和态度，他们对于翻译的基本看法，也会影响翻译工作。刘先生认为翻译的最高境界是对原文韵味的再现。译作“韵味”就是原作的艺术内涵通过译文准确而富有文采的语言表达时所蕴含的艺术感染力，这能引起读者的美感共鸣。除此之外，刘先生还强调要把译文作为独立的文本来看待。具体说来就是对译文美感和韵味的展现虽是从词句入手的，同时还应注意译文包括内容和风格的整体效果。当两者有了矛盾，要变通前者来适应后者。从以上不难看出，刘先生在翻译时非常注重两方面，一是对原文韵味的保留，也就是原文内容中所蕴含的艺术吸引力的保留，另一方面就是对翻译整体效果的追求要超越对词语句子的效果的追求。
商务英语谈判心得 记得初中的时候迷一部电视剧《谈判专家》，第一次接触这个神秘、玄妙的词——谈判。在那种映像中，“谈判”需要丰富的知识，果断的性格甚至需要独特的人格魅力。直到上完这门课才真正了解谈判的真实含义。 谈判就是人们为了协调彼此之间的关系，满足各自的需求，通过协商而争取达到意见一致的行为和过程。其实我们每个人每天都会接触到有关谈判的内容，只是我们没有明确地意识到而已。人与人之间的关系千万种，需求无处不在因此分歧也无处不在，所以谈判也就无处不在了。比如我们上街购物，会很自然地与货主讨价还价。如果说谈判真有什么玄妙之处的话，那么就在于它是一项既充满智慧、勇敢，又充满艺术和技巧的人类活动。 谈判是由人来实现的，人的心理对谈判具有强烈的影响。商务谈判心理是指在商务谈判中谈判者的各种心理活动，它是商务谈判者在谈判活动中对各种情况、条件等客观现实的主观能动的反映。譬如，当谈判人员在商务谈判中第一次与谈判对手会晤时，对方彬彬有礼，态度诚恳，易于沟通，就会对对方有好的印象，对谈判取得成功抱有希望和信心。反之，就会对其留下坏的印象，从而对谈判的顺利开展存有忧虑。
根据马斯洛的需要层次理论，谈判也可以分成五个层次的需要。 一.谈判中的生理需要。谈判是一项要消耗大量体力、脑力，劳动强度很大的活动。如果这些方面的需要得不到满足和保证，就会极大地影响谈判人员的精力、情绪，影响谈判艺术和技巧的发挥，难以完成谈判的任务。 二.谈判中的安全和寻求保障的需要。这在谈判活动中体现了人身安全和地位安全两个方面。人都希望处在一个相对安全的环境里，这样才没有后顾之忧地处理其他的事情;地位上的安全是指谈判者总是把谈判看做一项任务，能否顺利的实现谈判的目标，完成任务，往往会影响谈判者原有职位的保持和晋升，因此，有时会签订一个坏的协议总比没有签订协议空手而归要强的情况，所以安全的保障尤为重要。 三.谈判中的爱与归属的需要。谈判从一定意义上讲是要对双方利益进行划分，因而常常使谈判双方的关系处于紧张或对立的状态之中。但是，人们追求友情，希望在友好合作的气氛中共事。爱能维系长期友好的关系，让物质味道增添一丝香味。
译文对比评析从哪些方面 匆匆英译文对比赏析 （1）匆匆 译文1：Transient Days 译文2：Rush （2）燕子去了，有再来的时候；杨柳枯了，有再青的时候；桃花谢了，有再开的时候。 译文1：If swallows go away, they will come back again. If willows wither, they will turn green again. If peach blossoms fade, they will flower again. 译文2：Swallows may have gone, but there is a time to return; willow trees may have died back, but there is a time of regreening; peach blossoms may have fallen, but they will bloom again.
（3）但是，聪明的，你告诉我，我们的日子为什么一去不复返呢?——是有人偷了他们罢：那是谁?又藏在何处呢?是他们自己逃走了罢：现在又到了哪里呢? 译文1：But, tell me, you the wise, why should our days go by never to return? Perhaps they have been stolen by someone. But who could it be and where could he hide them? Perhaps they have just run away by themselves. But where could they be at the present moment? 译文2：Now, you the wise, tell me, why should our days leave us, never to return? ----If they had been stolen by someone, who could it be? Where could he hide them? If they had made the escape themselves, then where could they stay at the moment? （4）我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。译文1：I don’t know how many days I am entitled to
学习《商务谈判》的心得体会 本学期我们学习了《商务谈判》这门课,我觉得学习这门课是非常必要的，是一门很实用的学科。通过本学期的学习，我们懂得如何进行一次完整的谈判，在课堂上，我们不仅学习了理论知识，还进行了实战演练。然而要成为真正的成为一个谈判高手，我们还需要不断地学习，在实践中不断提高！彭老师的课堂幽默、灵活多变，授课方式不是填鸭式低效率的教学，而是高效率的实践性教学，彭老师的很有个人魅力，语言铿锵有力，激发了同学们的兴趣。通过这一个学期的学习，尤其是在彭老师的细心讲解下，我知道了什么是商务谈判，商务谈判有哪些基本内容、过程、涉及哪些技巧策略、注意事项等等。所谓商务谈判，是指不同的经济实体各方为了自身的经济利益和满足对方的需要，通过沟通、协商、妥协、策略等各种方式，把可能的商机确定下来的活动过程。 在进行商务谈判的过程中，我们要遵循一些基本的原则，这些原则包括：自愿平等、互利共赢、总体利益、诚信守法、善于妥协让步等原则。 自愿平等原则是指谈判双方或多方无论各方的经济实力强弱、组织规模大小，其地位是平等的。贯彻平等自愿原则，要求谈判各方互相尊重，以礼相待，任何一方都不能仗势欺人，以强凌弱，把自己的意志强加于人。 互利共赢原则是指虽然谈判各方都有自己的利益或“小算盘”，
谁都想达到自己的目的，但是要使谈判成功，谈判各方应在追求自身利益的同时，考虑并尊重对方的利益追求，争取互利。 总体利益原则要求谈判各方，以大局为重，需求共同的利益最大化，实现共赢。 诚信守法原则要求谈判各方遵守国家的法律、政策、国际商务谈判还应遵守国际法则和对方国家的有关法规、贸易惯例。 善于妥协让步原则指在谈判中难免出现利益冲突，但为了各方长远的利益，各方应善于妥善让步。 总之，一个成功的商务谈判是必须要建立在这些原则上的，所以我们必须牢记这些，并在实践中不断地加深认识、灵活应用。 商务谈判开始之前各方谈判人员应做好充足的准备。 首先我们要搜集谈判信息： ①搜集与谈判目标有关的市场信息 ②搜集与谈判主题有关的市场信息 ③搜集与谈判对手有关的信息 比如在与国外企业谈判时，我们应了解该国的政治状况，宗教信仰，法律制度，社会习俗，财政金融状况等，因为这些因素会影响到预期结果的可行性。同时我们还要了解对方的资信情况，防止在交易中上当受骗。 其次，我们要拟定好谈判计划： ①确定谈判主题 ②谈判目标的可行性分析
常用商务英语谈判对话:开场介绍篇编辑:Smart (1) A: I don’t believe we’ve met. B: No, I don’t think we have. A: My name is Chen Sung-lim. B: How do you do? My name is Fred Smith. A: 我们以前没有见过吧？ B：我想没有。A：我叫陈松林。B：您好，我是弗雷德?史蜜斯。 (2) A: Here’s my name card. B: And here’s mine. A: It’s nice to finally meet you. B: And I’m glad to meet you, too. A: 这是我的名片。B: 这是我的。A: 很 高兴终于与你见面了。B: 我也很高兴见到你。 (3) A: Is that the office manager over there? B: Yes, it is, A: I haven’t met him yet. B: I’ll introduce him to you . A:在那边的那位是经理吧？B:是啊。A:我还没见过他。B:那么，我来介绍你认识。 (4) A: Do you have a calling card ? B: Yes , right here. A: Here’s one of mine. B: Thanks. A:您有名片吗？B:有的，就在这儿。A:喏，这是我的。B:谢谢。 (5) A: Will you introduce me to the new purchasing agent? B: Haven’t you met yet? A: No, we haven’t. B: I’ll be glad to do it. A:请替我引介新来负责采购的人好吗？ B:你们还没见面吗？A:嗯，没有。B:我乐意为你们介绍。 (6) A: I’ll call you ne xt week. B: Do you know my number? A: No, I don’t. B: It’s right here on my card. A:我下个星期会打电话给你。B:你知道我的号码吗？ A:不知道。B:就在我的名片上。 (7) A: Is this Mr. Jones? B: Yes, that’s right. A: I’m just calling to introduce myself. My name is Tang. B: I’m glad to meet you, Mr. Tang. A:是琼斯先生吗？B:是的。A:我打电话是向您作自我介绍，我姓唐。B:很高兴认识你，唐先生。 (8) A: I have a letter of introduction here. B: Your name, please？A: It’s David Chou. B: Oh, yes, Mr. Chou. We’ve been looking forward to this. A:我这儿有一封介绍信。B: 请问贵姓大名？A:周大卫。 (9) A: I’ll call you if you give me a name card. B: I’m sorry, but I don’t have any with me now. A: Just tell me your number, in that case. B: It’s 6344-8000. A:给我一张名片吧,我会打电话给你.。B:真抱歉,我现在身上没带。 A:这样子，那就告诉我你的电话号码好了。B:6344-8000。 商务英语谈判词汇大全(一)编辑:Smart 1、出口方面的词汇出口信贷 export credit 出口津贴 export subsidy 商品倾销 dumping 外汇倾销 exchange dumping 优惠关税 special preferences 保税仓库 bonded warehouse 贸 易顺差 favorable balance of trade 贸易逆差 unfavorable balance of trade 进口配额制 import quotas 自由贸易区 free trade zone 对外贸易值 value of foreign trade 国际贸易 值 value of international trade 普遍优惠制 generalized system of preferences-GSP 最惠国待遇 most-favored nation treatment-MFNT 2、价格条件价格术语 trade term (price term) 运费 freight 单价 price 码头费 wharfage 总值 total value 卸货费 landing charges 金额 amount 关税 customs duty 净价 net price 印花税 stamp duty 含佣价 price including commission 港口税 port dues 回佣 return commission . 装运港 port of shipment 折扣 discount, allowance 卸货港 port of discharge 批发价 wholesale price