江苏省响水中学高二英语导学案主备人：潘恩玉审稿：陈新来2013-8 M5 U3 Science and nature(for teachers only ) Language points:
【重点突破】
1. Scientists have announced that they have cloned the first human embryo.(P42L1)
announce vt. 宣布，宣告，名词为announcement
【译译看】学生们正在等待要被学校宣布的结果。The students are waiting for the results announced by the school.【辨析】announce ,declare
announce 侧重宣告人们所关心或感兴趣的事，尤指新闻之类的消息。declare 侧重正式明确向公众“宣布，宣告，声明，”常用于宣战。Eg.
Though they?ve announced that they can clone humans,they are always declaring seriously that they won?t do that . 【选一选】Please remain seated . The winner of the prize will be _________ soon .
A.said
B.announced
C. spoken
D. voiced
2.On the one hand,some scientists point out that if you clone an embryo ,you can produce valuable human
tissues---such as ...(P42L2,L5)
on (the) one hand …on the other hand 一方面，另一方面
Eg .He is fit for the job . 一方面他英语好，另一方面他会用电脑。
One the one hand he is good at English; on the other hand he can operate a computer .
【短语拓展】for one thing … for another 首先，其次。
point out 是固定短语，意为“指出，指给某人看”后可接名词或从句，point at 指着，对准
Eg. I will point him out to you next time he comes .
【短语拓展】
1) point to 指向2)point at 指着3)There?s no point (in) doing sth.做某事无意义
4)make a point 提出观点5)come to the point 说到点子上，直接说6)to the point 切题，切中要害
7)off the point 离题8)on the point of doing sth 正要做某事
3. She was born in 1996 and died in early 2003, at a much younger age than normal （P42L11）
normal作名词，意为“正常”；还可用作形容词，意为“正常的，常规的，标准的”
【译译看】1）花了几个星期才使一切恢复正常。It took several weeks for everything to return to normal .
2)这样长途旅行之后感到疲劳是正常的。It is normal to feel tired after such a long journey.
【辨析】1）normal temperature 常温2) ordinary people 普通人
3) at the usual time 在往常时间4)a man of average abilities 一个能力一般的人
5) a regular flight 固定航班6)common sense常识
4.When she was born,many people were worried that cloning would lead to more diseases in the animal world .(P42L12) lead to 意为“导致，通向”to 为介词lead … to…带领。。。到。。。
【译一译】他的愚蠢行为导致了他的失败。His foolish behaviour led to his failure .
All roads lead to Rome . 条条大路通罗马/殊途同归.
【选一选】
The news shocked the public , ________ to great concern about students? safety at school.
A.having led
B. led
C. leading
D. to lead 5. However, in general the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance .(P42L12,L13)
in general 一般说来，大体上，通常，相当于generally (speaking)
【短语拓展】in 构成的短语:
1)in all 总共，总计2)in reality 事实上，实际上3) in fact 事实上4)in need 需要，缺乏，处于困境5)in public 当众，在公开场合6)in secret 秘密地，暗中7)in danger 处于危险中
8)in ruins 成为废墟9)in a word 总之10) in use 在使用中
praise vt. & n. 表扬，赞扬，表彰
1) in praise of 赞美2）sing the praise of 赞扬3)praise sb. for sth 因某事赞扬某人
6. Although he researches cloning ,his intention has never been to create copies of humans .(P42L16)
intention n. 意图，目的，其动词形式为intend，想要，打算
intend to do sth / intend sb to do sth /intend … for …
【译译看】1）好的行动胜与好的意图。Good action is better than good intention .
2）他打算让儿子经营那家公司。He intended his son to manage the company .
3）那栋房子是为他女儿准备的。The house is intended for his daughter .
【短语拓展】1)with the intention of 带着。。。的意图2) by intention 故意地
3)without intention 不是故意地，无意中
7.Instead , he thinks research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer .(P42L17)
concentrate … on sth/doing sth 全神贯注于某事、做某事
Eg. I decided to concentrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live .
【短语拓展】“专心于”同义词组：
put one?s heart into ; fix one?s mind on ; be occupied in ; be buried in ; be absorbed in ; devote oneself to ;
【译一译】1）Nothing is difficult ,if you put your heart into it .世上无难事，只怕有心人。
2）He is buried in his books . 他在埋头看书。
8. However, some people believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect for human life .(P42L20)
respect 在此句中作名词，意为“尊重，尊敬”。也可用作动词，意为“尊重，尊敬”。
其形容词为respectful 恭敬的，尊敬的；而respectable 则为“可敬的，体面的”意思。
Eg. We should show respect for our parents and teachers.
【短语拓展】1)show/have respect for 对。。。表示敬意2) out of respect for 出于对。。。的敬意
3)respect sb/sth for sth 因。。。尊敬某人4) respect oneself 自尊
【译译看】如果你不尊重自己怎么能指望别人尊重你呢If you don’t respect yourself , how can you expect others to respect you另外respect还有“点，方面”之意1)in some respects 在某些方面2)with respect to关于9. …I?m anxious to have a child of my own ,?she says . (P42L22)
anxious adj 焦急的，焦虑的，渴望。。。的，其名词为“anxiety”
【短语拓展】1)be anxious about sb/sth 对。。。焦虑2)be anxious for sth 渴望，非常希望得到
3)be anxious to do sth 渴望，非常希望做某事
【译一译】她担心即将到来的考试。She is anxious about the coming exam .
10. While cloning human embryos is not legal in many countries ,some scientists are already pushing ahead with
reasearch in order to produce a cloned human baby.(P42L25)
while 表示对比，意为“而，然而”；表示让步，意为“虽然，尽管；还可引导时间状语从句，意为
“当。。。的时候”Eg. He is a doctor while I?m a teacher .
While I don?t like him , I do agree with what he said .
While crossing the street , you can never be too careful .
【短语拓展】
1)after a while 过了一会儿（过去）2）all the while 一直3) once in a while 偶尔4) in a short while过了一会（将来）push ahead with 意为“义无反顾地进行，努力推进”
11. In China , scientists have focused their efforts on cloning animals .(P42L29)
focus…on 集中。。。于。。。focus 还可用作名词，意为“中心点，重点，焦点”
【短语拓展】类似短语：concentrate on ; centre on ; fix one?s attention on ; pay attention to
【译一译】你应该专心于正在做的事情上。You should be focused on what you are doing .
12.China has succeeded in cloning …and continues to …in which cloning can benefit mankind .(P42L30) succeed in doing sth = be successful in doing sth成功地做了某事
benefit vt. 对。。。有益benefit sb = be beneficial to sb =be of benefit to sb
benefit vi. (sb) benefit from sth
其它短语：for the benefit of 为了。。。的利益
13.After all,scientists have been challenging moral ideas for centuries.(P43L46)
现在完成进行时兼有完成时和进行时的特点，可以表示某一动作对现在的影响或结果，也可表示某一动作的延续性，重复性等。
【译一译】1）他在这所学校教英语20年了。He has been teaching English for 20 years in this school .
2）这种事故最近一直发生。Such accidents have been happening these days .
14.If I had the chance , I would clone her immediately so that I could be with her again .（P50 L50,L51）
If 在此句引导虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反,从句用一般过去时,主句用“would/could /might/should +动词原形”【练一练】如果我是你，我会立刻放弃这份工作。If I were you, I would give up the job at once .
1)对过去的虚拟：从句过去完成时，主句would +have done 2)对现在的虚拟：从句一般过去时（be变为were）,主句用“would +动词原形”。3)对将来的虚拟：从句用一般过去时或were to/should +动词原形，主句用“would +动词原形”
其它短语：1）in consequence 结果2)comment on=make a comment on对。。。评论3)for sale待售
4) on sale 在销售，上市；减价销售5)toy with 把。。。当儿戏,玩弄6）be on one?s way to doing
sth
正在做某事的过程中7) come across （偶然）遇到8) make sense 有意义，讲得通【当堂检测】
I. 短语翻译
1. 一方面，另一方面on the one hand ; on the other hand
2. 指出point out
3. 待售for sale
4. 摆弄，玩弄toy with
5. 即将做某事on one’s way to doing sth
6. 死得比正常的（羊）早得多die at a much younger age
7. 一般来说in general
8. 因。。。而表扬他们praise them for
9. （把精力等）集中于做某事focus …on doing sth 10. 怀着……的意图with the intention of
11. 对……表示敬意show respect for 12. 完全赞成某人be in complete agreement with sb 13. 渴望/极想做某事be anxious to do sth 14. 第一个做某事的人the first person to do sth 15. 推进push ahead with 16. 处理，对付deal with
17. 成功地做了某事succeed in doing sth 18. 对人类有利benefit mankind
II. 单项填空
1. We _________ on this project for four hours .Let?s have a rest .
A. are working
B.have been working
C. worked
D. had worked
2. ---The weather has been very hot and dry .
---Yes.If it had rained even adrop, things would be much better now . And my vegetables _________.
A. wouldn?t die
B. didn?t die
C. hadn?t died
D. wouldn?t have died
3. ---How is the result , doctor ?--- Well,your health is ________ good, but you do have a few minor problems.
A. normally
B. frequently
C.generally
D. regularly
4.Doing eye exercises and morning exercises _____ our health and we ________ it .
A. benefits to; benefit
B. benefits ;benefit from
C. benefits from;benefit
D. benefits;are benefited by
5. The headmaster will ______ a speech to the visiting foreign guests this afternoon .
A. deliver
B. claim
C. announce
D. declare
6. She was so ______ on the job that she didn?t hear anybody knocking at the door .
A. attracted
B. absorbed
C. drawn
D. concentrated
7. The leader spoke ______ the man who had given his life for the cause .
A. in praise for
B. in praise of
C. to praise of
D. to praise for
8. The wife does every bit of the housework ＿＿the husband just does the dishes now and then .
A.since
B. when
C. while
D. as
9. Women like to buy these coats;______ they cost little,and ______ their colors are popular .
A. for one thing; for another
B. for one side ; for another
C. for one hand ; for the other hand
D. on one hand ; else
10.My mother always gets a bit _________ if we don?t arrive when we say we will.
A. anxious
B. ashamed
C. weak
D. patient
11.If you focus the sun?s rays through a magnifying glass ________ a dry leaf , it will start to burn .
A. on
B. at
C. to
D. in
12.If you don?t know anything about the novel , you shouldn?t make ________ on it .
A. comments
B. commend
C. command
D. no comments
13.I?d like a job which pays more ,but _____ I enjoy the work I?m doing at the moment .
A.in other words
B. on the other hand
C. for one thing
D. as a matter of fact
14.---Which share is intended ____ me ?---You can take ____ half .They are exactly the same .
A. for; any
B. to ;any
C. to ; either
D.for ; either
15.The latest model of this video recorder is now ________ in your shop.
A. for sale
B. selling
C. on sale
D. sale
16.Low-carbon lifestyle is of great ______ to improve the world environment .
A.strength
B.benefit
C.technique
D. way
17.The book ____ for adults is not suitable for teenagers to read .
A. provides
B. intended
C. providing
D. intending
U 3 M5 Grammar
过去分词
一、构成和用法
1. 过去分词是动词非谓语形式的一种（v-ed），在句中作状语、定语、表语、宾语补足语。
(1) 作状语：
1) Interested in the stories(＝as they were interested in her stories), they gave Tracy Wong $15,000 in
advance.
因为对她的小说感兴趣，他们预付了Tracy Wong一万五千美元。
2) The boy sat at the table buried in his lessons (＝and (he) was buried in his lessons).
那位男孩坐在桌前，埋头做功课。
(2) 作定语：
1) The first mammal cloned from an adult cell（＝that was / had been cloned from an adult cell）was Dolly the
sheep.
第一个用成年细胞克隆的哺乳动物是克隆羊多莉。
2) The name mentioned in the letter（＝which was mentioned in the letter）was unknown to me. 信里提到的
名字我不熟。
(3) 作表语：
We were surprised to find that the window was broken. 窗子破了。
(4）作宾语补足语：
He found it hard to make himself understood. 他发现很难使自己被理解。
问题：由上例（斜体部分）你能看出过去分词有什么特点？
结论：a）过去分词（常常）表示“被动
．．”含义。
b）作状语和定语时，多数是由相应的从句转化而来。
2. 下面的例子中过去分词不表示被动：
1) The ground is covered with fallen leaves. 地上铺满了落叶。
2) At present China is still less developed than most western countries.
目前中国还没有多数西方国家发达。
3) Eating boiled eggs will do you good. 吃煮鸡蛋对你的身体有好处。
问题：斜体部分的动词有什么共同点？
结论：fall（掉，落下），develop（发展），boil（煮）等动词在上例中是不及物动词，不及物动词是不能表示被动的，它们的过去分词形式只表示“完成”、“过去”。3. 过去分词的否定（not，never等）要放在过去分词前面。如：
1) Not given enough time, I had to give up halfway.
由于没有给我足够的时间，我只得中途放弃。
4、修饰分词的副词一般置于分词的前面。如：
1) Greatly encouraged by the story, we are determined to do our best for the country. 在这个故事的鼓舞下，我们决心全心全意为祖国服务。
5、过去分词还可以与其它词组成合成形容词。
(1) 副词＋过去分词：well-educated（受过良好教育的），ill-treated（受到恶劣对待的），overused（被滥
用的），homemade（家制的）
(2) 名词＋过去分词：hand-made（手工制作的），man-made（人造的）
(3) 另外还有，形容词（或名词）＋名词＋ed的形式：kind-hearted（心地善良的），absent-minded（心不
在焉的），warm-blooded（温血的）
二、形容词化的过去分词与现在分词
有些动词的过去分词和现在分词已经变成了形容词，这类动词的往往与人的心理感受有关，如：amaze（使吃惊）—amazed—amazing; excite（使兴奋）—excited—exciting, please（使满意）—pleased—pleasing, thrill（使紧张）—thrilled—thrilling等。这类过去分词表示：
①“感到……的（having the feeling of ）”，表示人的感受，例如：
1) The public was shocked at his intention to clone a human.
公众对他克隆人的意图感到震惊
．．．．。
2) The disappointed parents gave a wry smile.
（感到
．．）失望的
．．．父母苦笑了笑。
②流露出……的（showing the feeling of），用来形容人的“表情、眼神”等，常修饰象look, expression, eye
等名词，如：
1) The audience wore a bored look on their faces. 听众脸上挂着厌烦的表情
．．．．．。
现在分词则表示“令人（感到）……的（giving the feeling of），主要修饰表示事物的名词，但也不尽然。
如：
2) The result is disappointing. 结果令人失望
．．．．。
3) They rejoiced at the exciting news. 他们对这令人兴奋的
．．．．．消息欣喜若狂。
试比较：
the disappointed boy（感到）失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩感到失望）
the disappointing boy 令人失望的男孩（意思是说这个男孩令人失望）
因此，在特定的语境中要多加推敲。
三、图解分词（分词各种形式的比较）
在多数情况下，现在分词表示“主动”、“进行”的含义；
过去分词表示“被动”、“完成”的含义；
如果是“被动”但又是“进行”，那么就用“现在分词的被动式”，“现在分词的被动式”一般用作定语。 如果是“主动”但又是“完成”，那么就用“现在分词的完成式”，“现在分词的完成式”用作状语。 如下图：
the bridge being built 正在（被）兴建的桥
the workers building the bridge 正在建桥的工人 ＋the bridge built 已（被）建成的桥
Having built the bridge , the workers were allowed some d ays? leave.
建完了桥后，……
巩固练习：从A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, ______ as 3M. A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known
2. The disc, digitally _____ in the studio, sounded fantastic at the party that night. A . recorded B. recording C. to be recorded D. having recorded
3. — How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? — The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand ______ by the customers. A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
4. When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced
5. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when ______ at the meeting by my boss. A. questioning B. having questioned C. questioned D. to be questioned
6. ______ with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared
7. The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain ______ as the plane was making a landing. A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seating 8. Friendship is like money: easier made than ______. A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
9. Laws that punish parents for their little children?s actions against the laws get parents ______. A . worried B. to worry C. worrying D. worry
10. What?s happening in the street? A group ___ Green Peace are protesting against the summit.
A. calls
B. called
C. calling
D. to be called 11. He had his leg ______ when playing football. A. break B. to break C. breaking D . broken 12. Your letter ______ Nov. 25 has reached me. A . dated B. dating C. was dated D. which dated 13. ______ with excitement, the children couldn?t fall asleep. A. To fill B. To be filled C. Filling D. Filled 14. Even if ______, I won?t go.
A. invited
B. inviting
C. I invited
D. he invites
15. With the homework ______, he was allowed to watch the football match. A. finished B. finishing C. to finish D. to be finished
16. With his finger ______ to the ______ window, the teacher asked: “Who did that?” A. pointing; broken B. pointed; broken C. pointing; breaking D. pointed; breaking 17. Your umbrella wants ______. Do you want it ______? A. repairing; repairing B. repairing; repaired C. to repaired; to be repaired D. to be repaired; repairing
18. ______ to train his son in English, he put an ad like this in the paper ,“______, an Engl ish teacher for a ten-year-old boy.”
A. Determined;Wanted
B. Determined;Wantin
C. Determines;Wanted
D. Determining;Wanting 19. The shy girl never speaks unless ______.
A. speaking
B. spoken
C. speaking to
D. spoken to
20. Many young teachers ，Ms Zhou _____，were chosen as model workers in this city. A. to include B. including C. included D. being included
21. ______ by Yang Liwei?s speech ，the students are determined to study even harder. A. Deeply moved B. Having deeply moved C. To be deeply moved D. Moving deeply
22. Though ______ badly ，the fighter continued to fire at the enemy. A. he wounded B. was wounding C. wounding D. wounded 23. If ______ green, the door might look more beautiful. A. paint B . painted C. painting D. to paint
24. Though ______ of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice. A. warning B. to warn C. warn D. warned
25. The girl is still fast asleep, with her head ______ deep in arms. A. bury B. to bury C. buried D. burying
U 3 M5 Project
Language points:
1. We will some day destroy the planet we live on if we continue in this way.(p58 L5--6)
① cf: destroy & damage
② live on = feed on以.......为生计,以.......为食
eg .a.The earthquake has destroyed( damage,destroy) our houses and we have to set up new ones
b.My bike was seriously damaged(damage,destroy)by a bad boy and I had to send for a
repairman.
c.中国人的主食是大米。
Chinese people mainly live on rice .
③cf.live,alive,lively,living
a.The old lady was still alive after over 150 hours buried in the ruins.
b.I like watching live news on TV.
c.Living people should value every single day above the groun
d.
d.Mr. Wang's lessons are lively and interesting.
More expressions:
live up to 达到，符合，不辜负live one's dream实现梦想
live through度过，经历过
2.Not everything that is best for nature is good for people. (p58 L7--8)
not everything=everything not 不是每件事情/ 东西
①Not all the students /The students don’t all (不是所有学生都）like playing computer games.
② Not both of them are from the south / Both of them are not from the south (他们俩不都是南方人）
③ Not everyone has bought the book./ Everyoone hasn’t bought the book不是每个人都买了那本书）
3.Would anyone say that development should be stopped in favour of nature?(p58 L8-9)
in favour of 有利于，赞同，赞成
① do sb a favour 帮某人一个忙②ask a favour of of sb 请某人帮个忙
similar expressions:
a.为了纪念① in honour of ② in memory of
b.代替in place of
c.就........而言in terms of
d.负责，主管in charge of
4.From the point of view of some people,we are only doing what humans have always
done ,using nature to meet our own needs.(p58 L9--11)
a. from the point of view of some people 就一些人而言，有些人的观点
Similar expressions:
就我个人而言(1) in my opinion (2) from my point of view
(3) in my view (4) as far as I’m concerned
b.meet one's needs 满足某人的需要
c.收支平衡make (both) ends meet
5.------------many developed nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than
developing or destroying it(p58L14--16)
a.rather than 而不是
b.other than 除。。。外
c.more than 超过，不只是
d.more---------than------- 与其。。。不如
e.no more than 仅仅
翻译：1.与其说他是校长还不如说他是老师。He is more a teacher than a headmaster .
2.他干这个是帮助自己而不是帮助别人。He did it to help himself rather than help others .
6.--------without the environment around them suffering.(p58 Line25)
without /with+n/pron +v--ing(v--ed,to do,adj,prepositional phrase,adv,n)
(1). With all his homework ______,Jack felt happy and went to bed early.
A.done
B.to do
C.doing
D.had been done
(2).With a lot of problems ______,I was worried and couldn't go to sleep all night.
A.settled
B.to settle
C.will be settled
D.settle
(3).Afraid of darkness,some children often sleep with lights __________.
A.being on
B.turning on
C.turning off
D.on
7......,these same technologies frighten others. -----(p59 L3--4)
frighten (vt) 使害怕，吓唬frightening (adj)吓人的frightened (adj)被吓着的
·Some of the sports in Suzhou Amusement Park were so ______that I was____
when I did them.
A.frightened,frightening
B.frightening,frightened
C.frightened,frightened
D.frightening,frightening
Similar expressions: excited, exciting; interested, interesting; amazed, amazing;
surprised,surprising;inspired,inspiring;satisfied, satisfying.
8.Nowhere is this truer than with genetically modified(GM) food.(p59 L4--5)
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
Nowhere...truer.... ①是比较级形式但它表示最高级的含义②此句为倒装语序
eg. (1)------What do you think of the book?
------Fantastic! I have never read a better one .(我从未读过再好的了）.
(2) Never have I seen(从来没见过）such a clever boy.
9.There are two ways in which a plant or an animal can be genetically modified.(L9)
in which 引导定语从句
·I don't like the way he uses to solve problems.
A.in which
B.in that
C.what
D.which
10---------to remove qualities which are not desired.(page59 L9)
desire (vt or n)①desire to do sth=have a desire to do sth 想要/渴望做某事
②have a desire for sth 渴望得到某物
③desire that sb（should)do.......想要做...........
翻译:我很想要一辆新电动车。_I desire to have a new e-bike_/I have a desire for…__
11.Supporters of GM food argue that GM plants are healthier and have larger
harvests.（page59 L12---13)
①argue with sb about/over sth 与某人争论谋事
②argue sb into/out of doing sth 说服某人做/不做某事
③argue that 从句
翻译：他们说服他撤回了投诉。
They argued him into withdrawing the complaint .
12. Research has been limited to increasing production profits... ...(p59 L17)
limit（v ,n)限制①be limited to doing sth 局限于做某事,to为介词，接动词时
加-ing
②set a limit to 给...........规定限度
翻译：费用不应该超出你们的偿还能力。
Expenses should be limited to what you can afford .
13.Many countries hesitate to give permission for the production of GM foods,as
they would rather be cautious with this new technology.(p59 L25--27)
① hesitate v踌躇，犹豫hesitate to to do sth/about doing sth 译：对。。。犹豫不决
n hesitation without（any）hesitation 译：毫不犹豫地
② cf: permission 允许（n ）permit（1）v 允许（2）n 许可证
③cautious=careful 小心的，谨慎的be cautious with sth 译：对。。。小心谨慎
译：他总是谨言慎行.He is always cautious with what he says and what he does .
我毫不犹豫地接受了那份工作。
I didn’t hesitate for a moment about taking the job .
Consolidation:
I.短语翻译：
1. 以。。。为生live on
2. 对。。。有好处be good for
3. 在。。。看来from the poit of view of sb.
4. 满足某人的需要meet one’s needs
5. 耗尽，用完use up
6. 对。。。.担忧be anxious about
7．而不是rather than 8. 以很快的速度at a fast pace
9. 因。。。而责备某人blame sb. for sth10. 毕竟，终究after all
11. 开发，开放，打开，展开open up 12. 本质上in nature
13. 到目前为止so far 14. 保护。。。免受伤害defend …against
15. 对。。。试验do tests on 16. 至于as to
17. 对。。。有影响have effects on18. 允许（做）某事give permission for
19. 对。。。谨慎be cautious about 20. 对。。。犹豫hesitate about doing sth. II. 单项选择：
1 .Students often argue each other who is the most popular
superstar nowadays.
A.about,over
B.over,on
C.about,with
D.with, about
2.Most students desire that more holidays to them for a good rest
because they are too tired.
A.be given
B.will be given
C.are given
D.should give
3.With everything that she needed ,she went out of the supermarket with
her husband.
A.to buy
B.to be bought
C.had bought
D.bought
4.The way he thought of the problems was accepted by most experts
over the country.
A.solved
B.solving
C. to solve
D.to be solved
5.In the old days, some poorest peasants had much difficulty cold winters.
A. living on
B.living up to
C. living for
D.living through
6.In fact, the United States the NATO plays a leading role in the war
against Libya.
A. more than
B. other than
C.rather than
D.apart from
7.Teachers can't do everything students in their studies.Students themselves should work hard
A.in praise of
B.in favour of
C.in honour of
D.in place of
8.Little the fact that there were more than ten AIDS carriers in our
area until I was told a few days ago.
A.had I known
B.I didn't know
C.have I known
D.did I know
9.Teenagers,especially girls, should learn to themselves against those who want to ruin them by saying " I love you!"
A.keep
B.defend
C.stop
D.protect
10.--------Would you like to go swimming with us tomorrow?
---------- .I love it.
A. Sorry, I have other plans
B.Thank you very much
C.I can't agree more
D.It all depends
小学语文六年级上册导学案使用说明 一、学案的编写意图 为了让学生在课堂上进行更有效的学习，提高课堂教学的效率。引导学生在课堂上充分发挥自己的主观能动性，更好地培养学生良好的学习习惯，掌握一定的学习方法，提高学生的语文素养。体现新课程标准倡导的“语文教学应该是师生积极互动、交往，共同发展的过程”、“为学生创设良好的自主学习的情境”、“教师应创造性地理解教材和使用教材,积极开发课程资源,灵活运用多种教学策略,引导学生在实践中学会学习。”使学生受到良好的教育。为此，我们编写了集教与学于一体的学习资料。 小学语文“以学定教，同案协作”教学模式，融入了我旗“小语整改”、“自主探究式教学”等科研成果，突出了语文学科的特点，强化了读书训练，重视学生在读中感悟，读中积累，读中得法。整个学习环节的设计，遵循了学生的认知特点和语文学习的规律，注重学生自主学习习惯的培养，学生的读书活动有层次、有梯度，导学案的设计真正落实了有效教学的教育理念。 二、小学语文六年级上册导学案的基本结构 学习目标 学习重点 学法提示 学习准备 课时 六年级上册学案课前预习（基础知识主要内容学后疑问） 我来盘点 自我挑战 学习过程合作探究自主、合作学习 作业布置 达标训练 拓展延伸 相关链接 三、板块使用说明 学生在学习每课前首先明确本课的“学习目标、学习重点、学法提示、学习准备”，在此基础上学生按要求进行课前预习。学生在学习过程中也要随时看看这些要求，切实做到心中有教材、有目标、有重点、有学法，一句话心中有数，顺利完成学习任务。 关于“课前预习”。小学中高年级学生已经具备了课前预习课文的能力，因此,我们设计了此环节。学生按照预习要求认真的预习课文。它包括三个小版块，即：基础知识、内容了解、学后疑惑。基础知识：主要是本课的字和词认识、理解和书写，是依据中高年级学生具备了一定的独立识字和读书的能力而设计的。内容了解：是为学生整体感知课文而设计的题目，是让学生通过预习对课文大意有所了解，为进一步学习做好铺垫。学后疑惑：学生在自学课文后还有哪些主要疑问记录下来，以供课上学习探究中共同解决，以此培养学生形成发现问题、提出问题的能力问题的能力。 关于“合作探究”。合作探究它涉及到学生对课文的理解体会和教师点拨指导，是教与学于一体的集中体现，这个环节要师生共同努力，才能圆满完成任务。它包括六个环节：自
《文言文特殊句式》导学案 一、【学习目标】 1.了解高考中常考的文言文特殊句式。 2.掌握文言文特殊句式的几种类型的标志及翻译方法。 二、【学习重、难点】 学习重点：文言文特殊句式的几种类型的标志。 学习难点：倒装句式的辨识和翻译。 三、【学习方法】自学、归纳总结 【考纲解读】 高考文言文考查能力要求明确指出：“理解与现代汉语不同的句式和用法。”考查形式主要有显性和隐性两种。显性就是以选择题形式判断句式的不同，隐性是将文言文特殊句式放在翻译中综合考查。 主要的特殊句式：判断句、被动句、倒装句（变式句）、省略句。 ㈠判断句 1、用“者”或“也”表示判断，这是典型的文言判断形式。 （1）主语后用“者”，谓语后用“也”表示判断。 如：夺项王天下者，必沛公也。 （2）主语后单用“者”，或谓语后单用“也”表示判断。 如：四人者：庐陵萧君圭君玉，长乐王回深父…… （3）“者也”在句尾连用表示判断。 如：①城北徐公，齐国之美丽者也。②沛公之参乘樊哙者也。 （4）“者”、“也”全不用。 如：①刘备，天下枭雄。②秦，虎狼之国。 2.用副词“乃”“则”“即”“皆”“素”“耳”等表示判断。这些形式也比较多见。 如：①臣乃市井鼓刀屠者。②此则岳阳楼之大观也。③即今之傫然在墓者也 ．．。④夫六国与秦皆诸侯。⑤且相如素贱人。⑥此亡秦之续耳。 3.用动词“为”、“是”表示判断。（文言文中用“是”作判断动词的较为少见） 如：①故今之墓中全乎为五人也。 ②问今是何世，乃不知有汉，无论魏晋。 ③巨是凡人，偏在远郡……
4.用“非”、“未”、“弗”等表示或辅助表示否定的判断。 如：①吾本非文人画士…… ②六国破灭，非兵不利，战不善，弊在赂秦。 ③人固未易知，知人亦未易也。 ④呼尔而与之，行道之人弗受。 （注意：以上各种类型判断句，译成现代汉语时，如是肯定判断句，要用“是”；如是否定判断句，要用“不是”。） ㈡被动句 1.用介词“于”、“受”、“受……于……”表被动(“于”引进动作行为的主动者)。 如：①六艺经传皆通习之，不拘于时，学于余。②吾不能举全吴之地，十万之众，受制于人。 2.用“见”、“见…于……”表示被动（“于”引出动作的主动者）。 如：①信而见疑，忠而被谤。②秦城恐不可得，徒见欺。③吾常见笑于大方之家。 3.用“为”、“为……所……”（“为”引出动作的主动者）或“……为所……”表示被动。 如：①而身死国灭，为天下笑。②为．（wéi，动词，治理的意思）国者无使为积威之所劫哉。 ③不者，若属皆且为所虏。 4.用介词“被”表示被动 如：①舞榭歌台，风流总被雨打风吹去。②予犹记周公之被逮，在丁卯三月之望。 5.动词本身表示被动（这是意念上的被动句，没有任何标志，要根据上下文来判别补出）。 如：①傅说举于版筑之间，胶鬲举于鱼盐之中。（傅说从筑墙的工作中被选拔，胶鬲从贩卖鱼盐的人中被举拔。）②帝感其诚。（天帝被愚公的诚心感动。） ㈢省略句 1.省主语。 ①廉颇为赵将，（）伐齐，（）大破之。承前省 ②沛公谓张良曰：“……（）度我至军中，公乃入。”蒙后省 ③每假借于藏书之家，（）手自笔录，（）计日以还……（）录毕，（）走送之。自述省 ④“独乐乐，与人乐乐，孰乐？”（）曰：“不若与人。”对话省 2.省谓语（无论是古代还是现代，省略谓语的现象还是比较少的）。 ①军中无以为乐，请以剑舞（为乐）。 ②一鼓作气，再（鼓）而衰，三（鼓）而竭。 3.省略动词或介词的宾语。（宾语常见的是代词“之”） （1）省略动词后的宾语 ①项王曰：“壮士！之卮酒赐。”则与（之）斗卮酒。
《杜甫诗三首》导学案 第一课时秋兴八首（其一） 【学习目标】 1、通过诗歌的诵读与品味，体会古典诗歌之美 2、感受诗歌的深沉感情，领会诗歌主旨 3、赏析名句，体会杜甫沉郁顿挫的诗风 【课前预习】 一、作者介绍 杜甫（712——770），字子美，生于河南巩县（今河南省巩县），是明诗人杜审言的 孙子。因曾居长安城南少陵，故自称少陵野老，世称杜少陵。三十五岁以前读书与游历。天 宝年间到长安，仕进无门，困顿了十年，才获得右卫率府胄曹参军的小职。安史之乱开始， 他流亡颠沛，竟为叛军所俘；脱险后，授官左拾遗。乾元二年（七五九），他弃官西行，最 后到四川，定居成都一度在剑南节度使严武幕中任检校工部员外郎，故又有杜工部之称。晚 年举家东迁，途中留滞夔州二年，出峡。漂泊鄂、湘一带，贫病而卒。 杜甫生活在唐朝由盛转衰的历史时期，其诗多涉笔社会动荡、政治黑暗、人民疾苦， 被誉为“诗史”。其人忧国忧民，人格高尚，诗艺精湛，被后世尊为“诗圣”。 杜甫善于运用古典诗歌的许多体制，并加以创造性地发展。他是新乐府诗体的开路人。他的乐府诗，促成了中唐时期新乐府运动的发展。他的五七古长篇，亦诗亦史，展开铺叙， 而又着力于全篇的回旋往复，标志着我国诗歌艺术的高度成就。杜甫在五七律上也表现出显 著的创造性，积累了关于声律、对仗、炼字炼句等完整的艺术经验，使这一体裁达到完全成 熟的阶段。有《杜工部集》传世。 二、文体常识 古体诗和近体诗： 古体诗也叫古诗、古风。古体诗就是古代的自由诗，每首诗有多少句，每句有多少字，如何押韵，都没有规定。为了便于大家掌握，我们以唐代为界来说。唐代以前的诗都是古体 诗，这包括《诗经》中的诗、《楚辞》中的诗、《汉乐府》中的诗及“三曹”诗歌、陶渊明 的诗歌等。唐代及唐代以后，诗人们也写了许多古体诗，比如李白写的《古风五十九首》。 一般来说，唐代及唐代以后，诗人们借乐府旧题所写的诗歌都是古体诗。也就是说，诗题中 凡出现“歌”“行”“吟”“引”“弄”“操”“曲”等字样的都该属于古体诗，如李白的 《梦游天姥吟留别》、杜甫的《茅屋为秋风所破歌》、白居易的《琵琶行》等。 近体诗也叫今体诗，是相对于古体诗而言的格律诗。近体诗在唐代初年正式形成。它 包括绝句、律诗、排律。绝句共四句，每句五字的叫五绝，每句七字的叫七绝，二四句押韵， 首句可入韵，也可不入韵，没有对仗要求。律诗共八句，每句五字的叫五律，每句七字的叫 七律，偶数句押韵，首句可入韵，也可不入韵。律诗每两句为一联，分别称为首联、颔联、 颈联、尾联，颔联和颈联必须对仗。排律十句以上，像律诗一样，除首尾两联外，中间各联 都对仗，押韵也和律诗一样。近体诗用字还要讲究平仄，有“一三五不论，二四六分明”的 说法。举例来说，我们所熟悉的杜甫的《客至》《旅夜书怀》《阁夜》《登岳阳楼》等都是 十分典型的律诗。 三、背景介绍 《秋兴八首·其一》是诗人于唐代宗大历元年（766年）流寓夔州（今重庆奉节）时的作品。持续八年的安史之乱，至广德元年（763）始告结束，而吐蕃、回纥又乘虚而入，藩镇拥兵割据，战乱四起唐王朝难以复兴。此时，老友严武去世，杜甫在成都的生活失去依靠，遂沿江 东下，滞留夔州。诗人时年已经50多岁，常年卧病在床，知交零落，壮志难酬，心情寂寞、 抑郁。《秋兴八首·其一》融合了夔州萧条的秋色、凄凉的秋声、诗人暮年多病的苦况和关 心国家命运的深情，悲壮苍凉，意境深闳。 四、疏通诗歌内容，基本把握诗歌 解释重点字词并尝试用现代语言表达诗歌内容，最好翻译成为现代诗
Lesson 1 What’s so funny? Unit 17 Laughter I.New words and phrases（单词与词汇）. 1.____ vt.提取，收回9.____n.国界，边境 2.____ adj.成熟的10._____adj.不可置信的，极其惊人的 3.____ vt.忽视11.____ n.代理人，经销商 4.____ vt.澄清，讲清楚12.______adj.和谐的 5.____ n,延误，延期13.________ n.身份 6.____vi.排队14.____ adj.惊恐的，担惊受怕的 7.____n.惊险小说或电影15._____ adv.迅速地 8._______ n.锦标赛，联赛16.burst ___ laughing 突然笑起来 17.____ a cheque 兑现支票18._____ delay 毫不拖延 19.____ one’s opinion 忽视某人的观点20.wait __ line 排队等候 21.yell __ sb. 对某人大声叫喊22.push one’s ___挤进去，挤着前进 23.be in harmony ___ 与…协调一致24.deal ___ 对付，处理 II．Fast-reading(快速阅读回答问题) 1.Why did the woman write a cheque for fifty dollars? A.She forgot how to spell 40 in English. B.She often withdraws $50 from the bank. C.Her husband wanted to cash a cheque for her. D.Her husband couldn’t remember if 40 was spelled “fourty” or “forty”. 2.What happened at last in anecdoteA? A.Her husband took out $50. B.Her husband made a joke with her. C.She withdrew fifty dollars instead. D.She had to go home to get some help. 3.Why did Mr Wang ask his daughter about her opinions of going on a holiday? A.He wanted to get his daughter to go with him,not his wife. B.He thought that his daughter was a mature girl,and wanted to hear her own opinion. C.He had gone to Hainan Island. D.He had gone to Thailand. 4.Why did the man say“DO YOU KNOW WHO I AM”? A.He wanted to persuade the counter to give him the money. B.He wanted to get the counter to realize that he was a very important person,and she could take care of him first. C.The man came here first. D.The man was not the first to come. III.Match the titles,the pictures(1-3)and the anecdotes(A-C)（连线找出正确的小标题） 1. Memory loss 2．Check your spelling 3．Family harmony IV.Important phrases and how to use(重要短语及用法). 1.I wanted to withdraw $40 from our bank account… Withdraw vt.___________(汉语意思)
题目: 倒装句 备课人：姜慧君 审批人：姜慧君 备课日期：2014. 4 授课日期：2014. 4 【学习目标】掌握倒装句的用法。 【学习重点】理解部分倒装和全部倒装。 【学习难点】倒装句的灵活使用。 【知识链接】 英语的基本语序是“主语 + 谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序叫做倒装语序。倒装的原因，一是语法结构的需要，二是为了强调。倒装主要有两种：部分倒装，把助动词放在主语之前，谓语的其他部分放在主语之后。全部倒装，将整个谓语放在主语之前。 【学法指导】自主学习，理解并学会运用。 【学习过程】 一、全部倒装： 1、用于there be 句型。 There are many students in the classroom. 2、句首状语引起完全倒装。以here there, now, then out, in, up, down, away 等副词开头的句子里，以表示强调。 Here comes the bus. Now comes your turn. Out went the children. 当代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。 Here it is. Here he comes. 3、句首状语为表示地点的介词短语。 South of the city lies a big steel factory. From the valley came a frightening sound. 4、表语置于句首时，倒装结构为“表语 + 系动词 + 主语” 1）形容词 + be + 主语 Present at the meeting were Professor White, Professor Smith and many other guests. 2) 过去分词 + be + 主语 Gone are the days when they would do what they liked. 3) 介短 + be + 主语 Among the goods are Christmas trees, flowers, candles and toys. 5、so, nor, neither 开头的句子，表示重复前句部分内容。 He has been to Beijing, so have I. Liwei can’t answ er the question, neither can I. so 后主谓不倒装，表示对前面所述内容的肯定、确认。 Tom is very kind, so he is. 二、部分倒装： 1、否定副词no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly 以及含有no, not 的短语(at no time, by no means, not once)放在句首时。 Never in my life have I heard such a thing. Not a single word did he say at the meeting. At no time will China turn superpower. Not once has he kept his promise. 2、以否定词开头的关联结构。not only…but also…, no sooner…than, hardly/scarcely…when.只将前半部分倒装，后半部分正常语序。Not until +时间状语 + 倒装 Not until + 句子 + 倒装。 Not until late in the evening did he come back. Not until he finished the work did he begin to watch TV . He did n’t begin to watch TV until he finished the work. Not only did he buy a bike for me but also he sent it to my house. Hardly had he got on the bus when he heard a shout. =No sooner has he got on the bus than he heard a shout. 3、only + 副词/介短/状语从句。 Only this afternoon did I finish the novel. Only in this way can you learn English well. He stays in bed when he is seriously ill. →Only when he is seriously ill does he stay in bed.
诗三首《归园田居》 学习目标 1、了解“隐逸诗人之宗”陶渊明所处的时代背景及其生活经历，全面理解陶渊明其人。 2、反复吟咏，运用鉴赏诗歌的方法，把握意象，体会意境，感悟作者在诗中表达的情感。 3、充分发挥想象力，感受诗歌所描绘的田园风光，用心灵之笔描绘出心中的“世外桃源”。 4、感受作者的隐士情怀，领悟作者返璞归真的人生志趣与人生境界。 学习重点： 1、感受田园风光构成的优美意境。 2、理解作者归田园前的心境，感受诗人的隐士情怀。 学习难点： 1、感受陶渊明诗歌的艺术风格。 2、理解作者反抗黑暗，辞官归田，不与当时黑暗的上层社会同流合污的精神，学习其高尚的理想志趣和坚定的人生追求。 课前预习 教材助读： 1、走近作者 陶渊明（365－427），一名潜，字元亮，东晋(朝代）田园诗人，浔阳柴桑人，自称为“五柳先生”，死后世人称他为“靖节先生”。我国古代杰出的文学家。 陶渊明出身于破落官僚家庭，祖父、父亲曾做过太守、县令一类的官，母亲是东晋名士孟嘉的女儿，他幼年时，家道已衰落，家境贫寒。青年时期，由于家庭和儒家思想的影响，他曾有“大济于苍生”的雄心壮志。但是，他所生活的东晋时代，举贤不出士族，用法不及权贵，门阀制度极其严酷，使他无法施展自己的才能与抱负。而且，左右政局的士族和军阀所热衷的是争权夺利，他们既不想整顿政治，也无意收复失地。在这样的政治局面下，想实现进步的政治理想是不可能的。这种客观现实对陶渊明的生活道路以及思想变化有着深刻的影响。陶渊明的人生分为三个时期： 第一时期，28岁以前，由于父亲早死，他从少年时代就处于生活贫困之中。 第二时期，学仕时期，从他29岁到41岁。 第三时期，归田时期，归田后20多年，是他创作最丰富的时期。 陶渊明二十九岁，为谋出路，开始走上仕途。以后十多年里，他几次做官，都不过是祭酒、
高二英语导学案 班级：_________ 姓名：_________ Book 7 Unit 2 Robots (词汇导学案) 一、学习目标 1.掌握本单元51个课标单词及7个课标短语，达到听说读写的基本要求。 2.能够自己独立完成相应的词汇练习。 二、学习重点 能够熟练掌握并正确运用词汇表中黑体的12个重点单词及7个重点短语。 三、学习难点 学会自我分类，根据词性归纳整理本单元的重点单词，并利用词汇的派生扩展夯实词汇，能够自己独立完成相应的词汇练习。 四、学习过程 【自主预习】 1．词汇先根据读音规则试读，再听录音纠正发音、大声朗读，然后通过音形义相结合的方式记忆本单元单词。你记住了吗？写一写，试试吧！ 名词(n.)：______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ _______ ______形容词(adj.)：______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 动词(v.)：______ ______ ______ ______ ______ 2．短语合上课本，试着写出以下几个短语的中文意思。 1）test out______________________ 2) ring up_____________________ 3) leave…alone___________________ 4) set aside____________________ 5) be bound to____________________ 6) turn around_________________ 7) in all__________________________ 【小组合作】 1.词形变化判断下列后缀的词性，并根据要求为所给单词选择相应的后缀并给出相应的词类转换形式。你可以吗？试试看吧！ -ion/ation_______; -ing_______; -ed_______; -er_______; -ce_______; -ment_______; -cal_______. 1)satisfy→____________(n.) 满意，令人满意的事物→____________(adj.)令人 满意的→____________(adj.)满足的，（感到）满意的 2)alarm→___________(adj.)担心的 3)elegant→____________(n.)优雅，高雅 4)declare→__________(n.)宣言，声明 5)count→_________(n.)柜台，计数器 6)state→__________(n.)陈述 7)talent→_________(adj.)天才的，有才能的 8)imagine→__________(n.)想象力 9)theory→__________(adj.)理论上的 10)divorce→_________(adj.)离婚的 11)assess→_________(n.)评价，评定 12）affect→________(n.)喜爱，感情 13）think→_________(n.)思考，思想14）transfuse→_________(n.)输血 15）bed→_________(n.)寝具，铺盖 2.复合词合上课本，根据汉语意思试着拼写出下列复合词，试一试吧！ 1）超重的________ 2）手指甲________ 3）理发________ 4）项链________ 5）扶手椅________ 6）邮筒_________ 7）框架________ 8）兼职的_______ 9）化妆品________ 10）生物化学________
倒装句Inversion 主语放在谓语的前面，叫做自然语序。 谓语放在主语的前面，叫做倒装语序。 1．倒装的种类： 1）将谓语全部放在主语前面的叫全部倒装。 2）将谓语一部分（助动词/情态动词）放在主语前面的叫部分倒装。 3) 倒装用法巧记忆：（五全八部话倒装） 五全：有/时/表/地方 八部：不/只/让步/也/需/常/如此/祝福 谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分为全部倒装(full inversion)和部分倒装(partial inversion)两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be 动词等功能置于主语这前。 结构： 全部倒装： ①引起全部倒装的成分(放句首) + V + 主语 ②表语+ 系动词+ 主语 部分倒装： ①引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + do/did/does + 主语+ V原形 ②引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + can/could/might等情态动词+ 主语+ V原形 ③引起部分倒装的成分(放句首) + be动词(am, is, are, was, were ) + 主语+ 表语 （一）全部倒装 基本结构为“引起倒装的词或词组+ 谓语+ 主语” 1“There + be” 句型。 ¤表示存在概念的状态动词，如：be ( 有各种时态变化)，exist，remain，live，lie，stand等； ¤表示某事发生或某人到达等概念的不及物动词，如：come，enter，arise，occur，follow，等 There happen +主语（碰巧）；There appear +主语 There seem +to be主语（似乎） There be going to be+主语（将会）There used +to be主语（曾经）There be likely to be+主语（很可能）
年级：高2013级班科目：语文主备人：张白杨审稿：备课组 课题：《诗三首》课型：研读鉴赏课课时：3课时姓名 《诗三首》导学案 教学目标、重难点： 1、知识目标：了解五言诗的特点，初步把握汉、魏、晋诗歌的情趣和艺术魅力。 2、能力目标：培养鉴赏诗歌形象、语言、表达技巧的能力。 3、情感目标：接受诗中高尚而纯真的情感熏陶，培养健康积极的人生态度。 预习案 一、知识积累1、《古诗十九首》选自南朝梁萧统《文选》，是东汉末年文人五言诗的选辑。并非一人所作，从内容看，主要写的是作者的失意和哀伤，写游子、思妇的离愁和相思。由于作者文化素养较高，又继承了《诗经》和《楚辞》的传统，吸收了汉乐府的营养，所以不但善于运用比兴，而且创造出一种独特的风格，艺术成就很高，被称为“五言之冠冕”。2、历史上的曹操形象受《三国演义》的影响，对曹操的理解可能更多的会受到“尊刘抑曹”的影响，不能公平的评价曹操，而学习这首诗能从历史的高度上更好的认识曹操，更好地去理解这首诗的思想感情。 曹操：A、政治家（丞相）：挟天子以令诸侯恢复生产网罗人才统一北方 二十岁举孝廉，参加镇压黄巾起义，升为济南相。后来起兵讨伐董卓，迎汉献帝迁都于许昌，挟天子以令诸侯。他掌握了朝廷的大权，官至丞相及大将军，封魏王。曹操死后，曹丕即位，呈递，以魏代汉，曹操被追尊为“武帝”。 B、军事家（统帅）：讨董卓，灭袁绍，统一北方 他削平群雄，击灭袁术、袁绍，统一北方，形成与吴、蜀鼎立的局面。指挥了官渡之战，是中国历史上著名的以弱胜强的战例。理论上，著有《孙子略解》、《兵书接要》等书。 C、文学家（诗歌领袖）：建安文学的领袖 曹操在文学上又很高造诣。他能文善诗，文章风格清峻，简约严明。在诗歌方面，吸收民歌的营养，继承汉乐府民歌“缘事而发”的现实主义精神，写了一些语言质朴的五言诗。他又善于写四言诗，使《诗经》以后渐趋衰落的四言诗又获得了升级。他的诗歌现存二十余首，大
Period 1 Grammar (relative pronouns of attributive clause sⅠ) 【学习目标】 1.To know some basic definitions, such as attributive clauses (定语从句), antecedent (先行词), relative pronouns（关系词）. 2.To learn how to choose a relative pronoun — that,which,who,whom,whose,as. 【学习重点与难点】 Important point: To grasp the way of selecting a relative pronoun. Difficult point: To identify the sentence parts (subject or object) that relative pronouns function as in attributive clauses. 【使用说明与学法指导】 1、带着预习案中问题导学中的问题自主设计预习提纲，对概念进行梳理，作好必要的标注和 笔记。 2、认真完成基础知识梳理，在“我的疑惑”处填上自己不懂的知识点，在“我的收获”处填写自 己对本课自主学习的知识及方法收获。 3、熟记relative pronouns of attributive clauses基础知识梳理中的重点知识。 预习案 一、问题导学 观察句子。 1.The boys are from Class One. They are playing basketball. → The boys who are playing basketball are from Class One. 2.The student is Wang Kun. The teacher has praised him. → The student whom the teacher has praised is Wang Kun. 3.The factory is over there. It produces cars. → The factory which produces cars is over there. 4.Football is a game. Most boys like football. → Fo otball is a game which most boys like. 二、知识梳理 1. 定语从句：一个句子作_______，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词。 2. 主句中被修饰的名词或代词叫_________。引导定语从句的词叫做_______。 3.关系词的三个作用：指代_________；位于定语从句句首，引导整个____________； 关系词在定语从句中________(作/不作)成分。 三、预习自测 请找出下列句子中的先行词和关系词。 1.The boy who is wearing a black jacket is my friend. 2.That’s the girl whom I teach. 3.The cake that my mother made is for my birthday. 4.He lent me the book which you talked about yesterday. 5.They all enjoyed the story that I told. 6.The man who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 7.There is an old man who wants to see you. 8.The problem that we are facing now is how to collect so much money. 9.These are the trees which I planted last year.
《山中访友》教学设计 教材分析： 《山中访友》是六年级上册第一单元的第一篇文章。是一篇文质兼美、构思新奇、富有想象力、生动展现大自然美景的散文。本单元主要内容为"感受自然"，学生要通过四篇文章的学习，感受作者描绘的自然美景，感受人与自然亲密和谐的关系，从而产生热爱自然的情感。 本文作者带着满怀的好心情，走进山林，探访"山中的众朋友"——古桥、树林、山泉......经过作者动情的叙述，这些自然界的朋友们也仿佛走到了每一位读者的心中，使读者顿生身临其境之感。 学情分析： 六年级学生虽然已经接触了一些散文，但对散文的特点还不能深入理解。不过学生已经具备了一定的朗读能力，可以通过朗读感受文章的语言的魅力，入情入境，理解作者表达的感情。 小学生想象力丰富，善于模仿，通过阅读体验可以和作者产生一定的情感共鸣。但是他们的阅历少、生活经验不丰富，无法更深层次的理解作者的情感，揣摩文章精彩的句段、词语也可能会有一定的难度。 设计思路： 通过反复朗读，感知课文内容，整体把握整篇文章。朗读时，结合多媒体创制情境氛围，使学生如临其境，在情境中体验。从文眼(课题：山中访友)展开，结合课后的思考练习题，链接起导读本文的线
索：作者在山中拜访了哪些朋友?从哪些描写中可以看出"我"和山里的"朋友"有着深厚的感情?逐一品味文章优美的语言，揣摩欣赏文章精彩的句段、词语。带领学生走进文本，和作者对话。 结合学生自身的经历或阅读经验，让学生在自我生活找到"文章"的内容，深入体会作者所表达的思想情感、人生哲理。 利用问题：在日常生活中，我们应该怎样珍视我们自然界的朋友? 引起学生的反思，得出："我们应该爱护自然、保护环境，共同维护我们的家园，让人和自然协调发展，形成和谐的朋友关系"这样的结论。使学生更深入理解文章的内涵。 学习目标： 1.会写8个生字，正确读写"清爽、吟诵、唱和、瀑布、陡峭、挺拔、身躯、精致、蕴含、奥秘、侠客、德高望重、津津乐道、别有深意"等词语。 2.有感情地朗读课文。背诵自己喜欢的部分。 3.感受作者所描写的境界，培养热爱自然、亲近自然的美好情感。 4.学习作者运用比喻、拟人、排比、想象来表达感情的方法。 教学重点、难点： 重点：抓住重点词语，理清思路，理解本文新奇的构思，感受作者的心境，体会作者所表达的感情。 难点：揣摩作者的写作意图，体会文章写景状物的技巧(细心观察、用心领悟、运用比喻、拟人、排比、想象来表达感情)，学习运用。
2019高考英语总练习学案第11讲：倒装句 倒装的两种考法： 1.放在单项选择题中，考查考生的倒装语法知识是否熟练掌握； 2.放在完形填空和阅读理解中，设置理解障碍。 倒装的两种形式： 1.完全倒装：将整个谓语动词提到主语前。 2.部分倒装：即半倒装，将谓语的一部分即助动词提到主语前。 【一】完全倒装 【翻译句子】 (1)车来了。 Herecomesthebus. (2)铃响了。 Theregoesthebell. (3)孩子们冲出来了。 Outrushedthechildren. (4)那个男孩离开了。 Awaywenttheboy. 【结论1】表方位的副词here,there或out,in,up,down,away,off等标志词放在句首，句子用完全倒装。 【翻译句子】 (12)Littledoesheknowaboutthenews. 他对这消息知之甚少。 (13)Bynomeanscanhecatchupinsuchashorttime. 他根本不可能在这么短的时间里赶上来。 【结论1】含有否定意义的副词或短语如：few,little,never,not,notuntil,nowhere,rarely,seldom,hardly/scarcely…when…，nosooner…(than)…，notonly…(butalso),atnotime,bynomeans等放在句首时，需用部分倒装。 【疑难1】 Heisactiveinpersonality,andheseldomstaysindoors.(无助动词) Heisactiveinpersonality,andseldomdoeshestayindoors.(添加does) 【疑难剖析1】假设原句中没有助动词，必须根据谓语动词的具体时态来确定相应的助动词do,does或did。 【疑难2】 NotonlychildrenbutalsoadultsareinterestedinthefilmHarryPotter. 【疑难2】Notnotonly…butalso连接两个并列主语时不可倒装。只有在连接两个句子且将notonly所连接的句子提到句首时，才可用倒装，butalso后面的句子不倒装。 【疑难3】 Ihadhardlygottotheairportwhenthep lanetookoff. →HardlyhadIgottotheairportwhentheplanetookoff.(注意谓语动词形式) 【疑难剖析3】在“hardly/scarcely…when/nosooner”位于句首时，要用部分倒装。【疑难4】Thevillagersdidnotrealizehowseriousthepollutionwasuntilallthefishdiedintheriver
《诗三首》导学案（教师用） 【学习目标】 1、知识目标：了解五言诗的特点，初步把握汉、魏、晋诗歌的情趣和艺术魅力。 2、能力目标：培养鉴赏诗歌形象、语言、表达技巧的能力。 3、情感目标：接受诗中高尚而纯真的情感熏陶，培养健康积极的人生态度。 课前自学 一、知识积累 1、《古诗十九首》选自南朝梁代萧统《文选》，是东汉末年文人五言诗的选辑。并非一人所作，从内容看，主要写的是作者的失意和哀伤，写游子、思妇的离愁和相思。由于作者文化素养较高，又继承了《诗经》和《楚辞》的传统，吸收了汉乐府的营养，所以不但善于运用比兴，而且创造出一种独特的风格，艺术成就很高，被称为“五言之冠冕”。 2、历史上的曹操形象 受《三国演义》的影响，对曹操的理解可能更多的会受到“尊刘抑曹”的影响，不能公平地评价曹操，而学习这首诗能从历史的高度上更好的认识曹操，更好地去理解这首诗的思想感情。 曹操：“设使国家无有孤，不知当几人称帝，几人称王。”——《述志令》 许劭：“子治世之能臣，乱世之奸雄。”——《魏书》 裴松之：“历观古今书籍所载，贪残虐烈无道之臣，于操为甚。”——《三国志(注)》 陈寿：“汉末，天下大乱，雄豪并起，而袁绍虎摉四州，强盛莫敌。太祖运筹演谋，鞭挞宇内，閴申、商之法术，该韩、白之奇策，官方授材，各因其器，矫情任算，不念旧恶，终能总御皇机，克成洪业者，惟其明略最优也。抑可谓非常之人，超世之杰矣。”——《三国志》A政治家（丞相）：挟天子以令诸侯恢复生产网罗人才统一北方 二十岁举孝廉，参加镇压黄巾起义，升为济南相。后来起兵讨伐董卓，迎汉献帝迁都于许昌，挟天子以令诸侯。他掌握了朝廷的大权，官至丞相及大将军，封魏王。曹操死后，曹丕即位，呈递，以魏代汉，曹操被追尊为“武帝”。 B军事家（统帅）：讨董卓，灭袁绍，统一北方 他削平群雄，击灭袁术、袁绍，统一北方，形成与吴、蜀鼎立的局面。指挥了官渡之战，是中国历史上著名的以弱胜强的战例。理论上，著有《孙子略解》、《兵书接要》等书。 C文学家（诗歌领袖）：建安文学的领袖 曹操在文学上又很高造诣。他能文善诗，文章风格清峻，简约严明。在诗歌方面，吸收民歌的营养，继承汉乐府民歌“缘事而发”的现实主义精神，写了一些语言质朴的五言诗。他又善于写四言诗，使《诗经》以后渐趋衰落的四言诗又获得了升级。他的诗有的反映当时社会的动乱，有的抒发个人的政治抱负，他的诗风刚健古直、气韵雄浑、慷慨悲凉，有很高的艺术性。他的以乐府古题写时事的作风对后来的新乐府诗有很大的启示。 3、了解陶渊明所处的时代背景、生活经历，理解《归园田居》所表达的思想感情。 陶渊明（365—427），一名潜，字元亮，自号“五柳先生”，私谥靖节，浔阳柴桑（今江西九江西南）人。东晋时期诗人，辞赋家、散文家。祖父、父亲曾做过太守、县令一类的官，母亲是东晋名士孟嘉的女儿。陶渊明少年时代由于家庭和儒家思想的影响，有“大济苍生”的壮志。左右政局的士族和军阀所热衷的是争权夺利，他们既不想整顿政治，也无意收复失
高二英语导学案Unit 2 Book 7 词汇篇 学习目标：认识本单元的单词和短语，并能够顺利读懂本单元的2篇课文和warming-up 的内容。 词汇学习方法:本单元词汇分4 部分学习和巩固，操作方法:先英译汉后汉译英并能记住几个典型例句。 第一课时 1. household adj. n. 2. fiction n. 3. desire n. 4. satisfaction n.； 5. test out 6. bonus n. 7. alarm vt. 8. alarmed adj. 9. apron n. 10. sympathy n. 11. overweight adj. 12. elegant adj. 13. favour n. 14. pile n. 15. scan vt. 16. fingernail n. 17.We are not in favour of testing out the new medicine on human beings. 18.I had a strong desire to help and care for people. 19.We expressed our sympathy for her loss. 20.On hearing the alarm the fire brigade rushed to the scene. 第二课时 词汇学习方法:本单元词汇分4 部分学 习和巩固，操作方法:先英译汉后汉译英 并能记住几个典型例句。 1.haircut n. 2.makeup n. 3.accompany vt. 4.cushion n. 5.bedding n. 6.necklace n. 7.clerk n. 8.counter n. 9.ring up 10.turn around 11.awful adj. 12.affair n. 13.armchair n. 14.declare vt. 15.cuisine n. 16.envy vt. 17．I don't envy you your journey in this bad weather. green with envy : 十分妒忌 18.I declare to you that I have never lied about the affair. 19.Your income must be declared on this form. 必须在这张表格上申报你的收入。 21.He'll remain to accompany you. 他将留下来陪你。 22.I'll accompany you home. 我陪你回家。 第三课时 词汇学习方法:本单元词汇分4 部分学 习和巩固，操作方法:先英译汉后汉译英 并能记住几个典型例句。 1. leave…alone 2. digital adj. 3. mailbox n. 4. aside adv. 5. set aside 6. grand adj. 7. alphabetical adj. 8. receiver n. 9. in all 10. affection n. 11. bound adj. 12. be bound to do 13. biography n. 14. holy adj. 15. imagination n. 16. transfusion n. 17. part-time adj. 18.Let's set aside an hour a day for review purpose. 我们每天留出一小时用于复习吧！ 19.Things were bound to improve. 事情必定是会好转的。 19.The ship was bound for Italy. 这艘船驶向意大利。 20.Students of arts study six subjects in all. 21.Go away and leave me alone．走开， 不要管我。 第四课时 词汇学习方法:本单元词汇分4 部分学 习和巩固，操作方法:先英译汉后汉译英 并能记住几个典型例句。 1. master’s degree 2. staff n. 3. Philadelphia n. 4. navy n. 5. junior adj. 6. PhD=Doctor of Philosophy 7. biochemistry n. 8. talent n. 9. chapter n. 10. empire n. 11. theoretical adj. 12. framework n. 13. thinking n. 14. divorce n. 15. obey vt. & vi. 16. disobey v. 17. assessment n. 18.The outpatient program has a staff of six people...门诊部有6 名工作人员。 19.Most of the staff were supportive. 职 员大多数表示支持。 20．She is my junior by three years. 她比 我小三岁。 21．Tom is junior to me in the company. 在公司里汤姆比我地位低。 22.Her husband divorced her last year.