定语从句一、基本概念
1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。
2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用 a , an 。
3．关系代词 / 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。
5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：
关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why
二、基本用法
1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：
2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：
a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。
1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。
1.I told him all (that) I know.
2.He gave her everything (that) he had.
2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。
1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me.
2.You can take any book (that) you like.
3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。
1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read.
2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai.
4.先行词既有人又有物时。
1.We talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school.
2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found.
5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。
1. Who is the boy that helped you?
2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday?
6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。
He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time.
7. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。
Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be.
b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。
1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。
I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen)
New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us.
(which作主语，指代整个主句)
2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用
that。
The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best.
3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。
This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived.
c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。
1. 先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。
1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now.
2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands.
3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man.
2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。
Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard.
3. 在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
4. 在以there be开头的句子中，多用who。
There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster.
5. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.
如： As we all know, he studies very hard.
比较：He studies very hard, as / which we all know.
I’ve never seen such a clever man as he is.
He has to work on Sundays, which he doesn’t like.
He was late, which made the teacher angry.
The bridge is really wonderful, as (is) shown in the picture.
The experiment is very important, as indeed it is.
e. the same…as …和the same… that…的不同。
This is the same book as I lent you yesterday.
这本书和我昨天借给你的相似。（相似物）
This is the same book that I lent you yesterday.
这正是我昨天借给你的那本书。（同一物）
【小试牛刀】
I．用关系代词who, whom, that, which, whose, as填空。
1. The earthquake ________shook the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.
2. We don’t know the number of people __________lost their homes in the earthquake.
3. The house ___________they built in 1937 is still in very good condition.
4. The house __________is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake.
5. The boy ___________ father is a teacher is very clever.
6. A clock is a machine ____________tells people the time.
7. Our village is no longer the one __________ it used to be.
8.The house __________ he is looking for is very expensive.
9. Do you know the man __________ houses are all broken?
10. ________ is known to all, the moon travels round the earth once very month.
【答案】1. that/ which 2. who/ that 3. that/ which / 不填 4. that/ which 5. whose
6. that / which
7. that / 不填
8. that / which / 不填
9. whose 10. As II．把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。
1. The girl is not here. She is going to sing a song.
2. The school is a big one. The school stands near the river.
3. The girl works very hard. Her father is a doctor.
4. My uncle bought the bike last week. The bike has been stolen.
5．The pen is very old. I lent it to you this morning.
III．翻译下面句子
1．刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了。
_________________________________________________________ ___
2．你认识那个母亲是老师的女孩吗?
_________________________________________________________ _____
3．鸟是一种能飞的动物。
_________________________________________________________ _____
4．我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。
_________________________________________________________
_____
5．门朝北开的那间房子已经被卖了。
_________________________________________________________
_____
【答案】
1. The professor that / who made the speech just now has left.
2. Do you know the girl whose mother is a teacher?
3. A bird is an animal which / that can fly.
4. The pen (that / which) I bought last week is very cheap.
5. The room whose door faces north has been sold.
3．关系副词的基本用法
思考：同样是表示地点的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that, which ，
有时候用关系副词where ？同样是表示时间的先行词，为何有时候用
关系代词that, which ，有时候用关系副词when ？请对比以下几组句
子：
I have found the factory that / which he visited last week.
I have found the factory where he stayed last week.
The days that / which I spent there are unforgettable.
The days when I stayed there are unforgettable.
The reason that / which he told me for his being late is that he got up late.
The reason why he was late is that he got up late.
说明:当引导词在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语时,尽管先行词是时间名词,地点名词或表示原因的名词, 我们仍然使用关系代词that, which。这主要根据从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。
注意：
1．当用作关系副词，若修饰表示的名词time，day，moment，way时，用that代替when / why等。
如：It happened on the day that/ when I was born.
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you speak to your mother.
4．由介词+which / whom 引导的定语从句
介词一般由定语从句的动词而定。
He is the boy whom / who / that we are talking about = He is the boy about whom we are talking.
The pen which /that I wrote the article with is gone.
= The pen with which I wrote the article.
几种特殊的情况：
a. 由when, where, why 引导的定语从句常常可以替换成“介词 + which / whom的形式”：
when = in / on / at which, where = in / on / at +which, why = for which
b. whose+ n.= the+ n. + of whom / which = of whom / which + the + n. 如：
whose father = the father of whom = of whom the father
whose window = the window of which =of which the window
c. 由介词短语+whom/which 引起的定语从句
This is our classroom, in front of which there is a garden.
The building at the back of which is a lake is our chemistry lab building.
He lives on a mountain on top of which there is a temple.
d. 数词/代词+介词+which/ whom 引起的定语从句
I have some books, one of which is in English.
She has many friends, all of whom are in the same class. (比较：She has many friends. All of them are in the same class.)
但有些短语动词中的介词不能提前，因为其短语拆开后完全改变了原来的意思。
This is the book that / which I’m looking for
There are many patients that the nurses look after.
5．what在其引导的从句中作定语
What在它所引导的主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句中作主语、
宾语或表语外，还可作定语。如：
Don’t worry. I will give you what help I can. 别担心，我会近我所能帮你。
= any help that 或as much help as What 在从句中作定语时，还可于few，little连用修饰名词，表示“尽管不多，但已经全部”。如：
I will lend you what few books I can spare. 我愿把为数不多的书全部借给你。
= all the few books that
We contributed what little money we had towards the flood-stricken area.
= all the little money that
【小试牛刀】
IV．用关系副词when, where, why填空
1. Do you still remember the place _______ you were born?
2. I don’t remember the date _______ my father were born.
3. Yesterday we went to visit the house ________ the great writer used to live.
4. Do you know the reason ________ he killed himself?
5. He was born in the year __________ the Second World War broke out.
6. He always wants to go to his hometown and visited the place _________ he grew up.
7. Kunming is a beautiful city ________ flowers are seen all
the year round.
8. The children today are lucky as they are living in a time ________ our country is open to the outside world.
9. Please tell me the reason ________ he is angry.
10. This kind of programme will be well received in the countries _________ many Chinese are living.
【答案】1. where 2. when 3. where 4. why 5. when 6. where 7. where
8. when 9. why 10. where
V．翻译下面句子
1．我已经找到了我朋友居住的那间房子了。
2．你记得你妈妈出生的日期吗？
3．请告诉我你买到那块手表的地方。
4．我不喜欢他的原因是他太笨了。
5．上海是个大城市，在那里你可以见到许多外国人。
【答案】1. I have found the room where my friends once lived.
2. Do you still remember the date when your mother was born?
3. Please tell me the place where you bought the watch.
4. The reason why I don’t like him is that he is too stupid.
5. Shanghai is a big city, where you can see many foreigners.
VI．用恰当的关系词填空
1. The first lesson ___________ the old professor taught was
not easily forgotten.
2. Mr. White told his wife the persons and things __________
he saw in China.
3. Who is the girl ___________ shook hands with our headmaster?
4. The report __________ they are listening to is very
important.
5. Do you know the reason __________ he didn’t come to school
last week?
6. Did you understand the last report __________ was made by
the foreigner?
7. Would you please lend me the same book ___________ he has
borrowed?
8. Please tell us the days __________ we are going to have our
exams.
9. The factory __________ makes bikes was built in 1930.
10. He told me everything __________ he had seen in the
accident.
11. The camp was full of people __________ homes had been
destroyed.
12. Tom is the student with ____________ I want to have a talk.
13. Do you remember the village __________ we worked last
summer?
14. Do you remember the village __________ we visited last
summer?
15. Do you remember the days _________ we spent together last summer?
【答案】 1. (that) 2. (that) 3. that 4. (that / which) 5. why 6. which / that
7. as 8. when 9. which / that 10. (that) 11. whose 12. whom
13. where 14. (that / which) 15. (that / which)
【强化练习】
I. 不定项选择
1. The old lady _____is his grandmother.
A. you talked
B. that you talked about
C. you
talked to her D. you talked to
2. A man ______Jack went to Qingdao for a holiday yesterday.
A. who’s name is
B. who his name is
C. whose
name is D. his name is
3. He lives in a room ______door is broken.
A. whose
B. which
C. its
D. that
4. We visited the factory _____makes toys for children.
A. where
B. which
C. in which
D. that
5. The film _____last night was wonderful.
A. which we saw
B. that we saw
C. which was
shown D. that was shown
6. I’ll never forget the place _____I visited ten years ago.
A. where
B. that
C. in which
D. what
7.Sep. 18, 1995 is a day _____we’ll never forget.
A. when
B. in which
C. that
D. for which
8. The girl ____ you met just now is very interesting.
A. which
B. that
C. whom
D. who
9. The factory ____you visited yesterday was built in 1930.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. whom
10. There is a mountain ____top is always covered with snow.
A. of which
B. whose
C. it’s
D. its
11. The car ran over a boy and a dog _____were just crossing the street.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
12. The lessons _____were not easily forgotten.
A. which he taught
B. which were taught
C. that were taught
D. that he taught
13. The student _____is a three-good student.
A. whose parents died
B. who you met
C. whom you met
D. who we were talking about
14. I want to go and thank the woman ______helped me.
A. who
B. that
C. which
D. whose son
15. The man ____was a friend of mine.
A. that you just talked to
B. whom you just talked to him
C. who you just talked to him
D. which you just talked to him
【答案】1. BD 2. C 3. A 4. BD 5. ABCD 6. B 7. C 8. BCD 9. BC 10. B
11. C 12. ABCD 13. ABCD 14. ABD 15. A
V．各地模拟题汇编
1. This is Mr. White, ________ I think has something interesting to tell you. (海淀4月卷)
A. which
B. whom
C. that
D. who
2. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, ________ people began to enjoy the advantages of this technology. (东城5月卷)
A. and
B. when
C. which
D. because
3. I’d like to live somewhere _________ the sun shines all year long. (西城5月卷)
A. which
B. that
C. where
D. in which
4. In Wasdale there is a mysterious dark lake, _________ depth has never been measured.
A. that
B. where
C. which
D. whose
(海淀5月卷)
5. Is it the years __________ you worked in the factory
_________ have a great effect on your literary works?
(湖北八校一模卷)
A. that; where
B. that; that
C. when; where
D.
when; that
6. He won’t want to eat it unless he’s really hungry, in
_______ case he’ll eat almost anything.
A. what
B. that
C. whose
D. which
(苏锡常镇一模卷)
7. Government reports, legal papers and most business letters
are the main situations _______ English is used. (黄冈卷)
A. when
B. that
C. how
D. where
8. Europe has achieved more in controlling the AIDS virus than
Asia in the past ten years, _______ the number of people
infected with the virus is going up sharply. (南京二模
卷)
A. when
B. that
C. so that
D. where
9. The soldiers soon reached _______ was once an old temple
_____ the villages used as a school. (汕头卷)
A. which; where
B. what; which
C. where; which
D.
what; where
10. This is an unpleasant subject _________ we might argue for
a long while. (广州二模卷)
A. in which
B. with them
C. about which
D.
with it
11. After all, with the help of my computer brain _________
never forgets anything, IQ is _________ I’m all about. (湖北宜昌三模卷)
A. that; what
B. what; what
C. what; that
D.
that; where
12. It was the third night ________ we were staying in our
seaside but ________ the tsunami (海啸) struck the whole
village. (苏锡常镇二
模卷)
A. when; when
B. when; what
C. what; that
D.
that; that
13. I usually enjoy these dinners, unless I have to make speech,
in _________ case I worry through the meal. (烟台三模卷)
A. that
B. this
C. which
D. any
14. The small mountain village ___________ we spent our holiday
last month lies in _______ is now part of Hubei. (湖北八校二模卷)
A. which; where
B. where; what
C. that; which
D.
when; which
15. The president stood by a window inside the room, __________,
looking over the square.
A. where I entered
B. into which I
entered
C. which I entered
D. that I entered (成都三模卷)
16. Barbara went to the States a couple of years ago, by
_________ time she had learned to dance and act in comedies. (福建卷)
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. whose
17. The girl ______ everybody had thought would win a gold medal
failed at last. (东北四市卷)
A. who
B. whom
C. what
D. /
18. Society is a building, to the construction of _____ everyone
brings a brick. (黄冈4月卷)
A. what
B. that
C. which
D. where
19. The newcomer is from Tibet, _____ I can tell from his appearance. (南通二模卷)
牛津高中英语必修一词汇表 Unit 1 enjoyable / enjoy/ enjoyment adj.有乐趣的/vt.喜爱，享有/n.愉快，乐趣，令人愉快事experience /experienced n.&vt经历，体验/adj.老练的，有经验的assembly n.集会，会议 headmaster n.校长 earn vt. 获得；赚，挣得 earn a/one's living 谋生 respect / respectable n. vt.尊敬，敬重/adj.值得尊敬的，体面的 show/have respect for 尊敬/敬重… with respect 尊敬地 respect sb/sth for…因…敬重/尊重某人或某物 devote /devoted vt.致力于；献身/adj.专心致志的，挚爱的 devote oneself to 献身于 devote one's time/energy to…把时间/精力奉献于… literature n.文学 average adj.一般的，普通的；平均的n.平均数，一般水平 on average 平均的 above/below average 在平均水平以上/以下 struggle vi.奋斗，努力；挣扎，n. 难事；斗争；努力struggle for 为…而斗争 struggle with/against 与…而斗争
struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 challenging /challenge adj.具有挑战性的/n.&vt.挑战encouragement /encourage n.鼓励/vt.鼓励 an encouragement to sb 对某人来说是一个鼓励 cooking / cooker/ cook n.做饭；烹饪，烹调/n.炊具/n.厨师 for free 免费 extra adj.额外的，外加的 fond adj. 喜爱的，喜欢的 be fond of 喜爱，喜欢 Spanish n. adj.班牙语（的）；西班牙人（的）sculpture n.雕像，雕塑 dessert n. 甜点 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 satisfaction / satisfy /satisfied n.满意/vt.满足，使满意/adj.满意的/adj.令人满意的/satisfactory to one's satisfaction 令人满意的是 surf vt. vi.冲浪 academic adj. 学业的，学术的 exchange n. vt. 交换；交流 in exchange for 作为…的交换 exchange sth with sb 与某人交换某物 exchange sth for sth 以…交换...
高一英语定语从句教案 一、基本概念 1. 定语从句： 修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。 2. 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的名词 3. 关系词： 引导定语从句的关联词成为关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as；关系副词有where, when, why。关系词常有3个作用：1）引导定语从句。2）代替先行词。3）在定语从句中担当一个成分。 二、关系代词和关系副词的意义及用法 指人：who, that,(指人常用who,不常用that) 主语 指物：which, that 指人：whom, who, that（who常用在在非正式和口语体中） 宾语(关系代词作宾语时常可省略) 关系代词指物：which, that 定语：whose （whose + n.=of which + n. ） 关系词 时间：when 关系副词----状语地点：where = 介词+ which 原因：why 解题技巧：关键看从句缺何种成分 三、例句练习讲解 1.Yesterday I helped an old man ＿lost his way.昨天我帮助了一位迷路的老人。 2.The man ＿you met just now is my friend. 你刚才见到的那个人是我的朋友。 3.This is the pen ＿he bought yesterday. 这是他昨天买的笔。 4.He has a friend ＿father is a doctor. 他有个父亲是医生的朋友。 注意：whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替，例： 门坏了的那间教室很快就会被修好。 The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. 你喜欢那本封面是黄色的书吗？ Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 5.I still remember the day ＿I first came to this school.我仍然记得第一次来到这学校 的那一天。 6.Shanghai is the city ＿I was born. 上海市我出生的地方。 7.Please tell me the reason ＿you missed the plane. 请告诉我你错过航班的原因。 注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+which”引导的从句替换 8.易错题：This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起而做错题。
模块一 Unit1 enjoyable adj.有趣的, 愉快的 experience n. 经历, 经验vt. 经历, 体验 assembly n. 集合, 集会, 装配 headmaster n. (中小学的)校长 earn vt. 赚得, 赢得, 生利 respect n. 尊敬, 敬重; 关系, 方面vt. 尊敬, 尊重; 关于, 涉及devote vt. 投入于,献身 literature n. 文学, 文献 average n. 平均数,平均水平 adj. 一般的,通常的,平均的 vt. &vi.平均值，达到平均水平 struggle n. 竞争,努力,奋斗v. 努力,奋斗,挣扎challenging adj.具有挑战性的;引起兴趣的;令人深思的 v.挑战，质疑(challenge的现在分词) encouragement n. 鼓励 cooking adj. 烹饪的 n. 烹饪动词(cook的现在分词) for free adj. 免费 extra adj. 额外的adv. 特别地n. 额外的事物，另外收费的Spanish adj. 西班牙的n. 西班牙语 sculpture n. 雕塑vt. 雕刻,雕塑vi. 当雕刻师 dessert n. 甜食 look back (on) 回忆，回顾 satisfaction n. 赔偿,满意,妥善处理,乐事,确信 surf n. 海浪拍岸,冲浪 vi. 冲浪,浏览vt. 浏览 academic n. 教学人员,学术人adj. 学院的,理论的,学术性的exchange n. 交换,交换物,汇兑,交易所vt. &vi. 交换,交易,兑换former adj. 以前的,在前的, 前任的pron.&n. 前者 n. 模型，样板，构成者，创造者，起形成作用的人，[无线]线圈架 fluent adj. 流利的，流畅的 painting n. 水彩画,油画 donate vt. 捐赠,转移(电子) vi. 捐款
定语从句 一、基本概念 1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the ，但在指“一个”概念时可用a , an 。 3．关系代词/ 关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。 4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。 5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类： 关系代词：that, which ,who, whom ,whose , as 关系副词：when, where, why 二、基本用法
2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题： a. 在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。 1.先行词是不定代词时，如: all, anything, everything, nothing, something, little, few, much。 1.I told him all (that) I know. 2.He gave her everything (that) he had. 2.先行词被all, every, any, the very, the only, the just等修饰时。 1.I have read all the books (that) you gave me. 2.You can take any book (that) you like. 3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。 1. This is the best book (that) I have ever read. 2. The second place (that) I want to visit is Shanghai. 4.先行词既有人又有物时。 1.We talked about the persons and things (that) we remember in the school. 2.The people and the animals that were killed in the earthquake have all been found. 5.在Who, Which引起的疑问句中。 1. Who is the boy that helped you? 2. Which is the book (that) you bought yesterday? 6. 若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。 He bought a book which could give him knowledge and that could help to kill the time. 7. 当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。 Mary is no longer the girl (that) she used to be. b.在以下几种情况下只使用which 不用that。 1. 引导非限制性定语从句时。 I have lost my pen, which I like very much. (which 作宾语，指代主句中的pen) New concept English is intended for foreign students, which is known to all of us. (which作主语，指代整个主句) 2. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。 The book (that) he bought yesterday was the one (which) he liked best. 3. 先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。 This is the house in which Lu Xun once lived. c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who 不用that。 1. 先行词为all, anyone, one / ones, those, people 时，须用who。 1. Anyone who knows how to do it can do it now. 2. Those who want to see the film please put up your hands. 3. He, who does not reach the Great Wall, is not a true man. 2. 在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。 Tom’s father, who is over sixty, still works hard. 3. 在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German. 4. 在以there be开头的句子中，多用who。 There is a stranger who wants to see our headmaster. 5. 若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。 The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that studies very hard.
牛津译林版高一英语高频知识点总结 重点句型 1．“So + be／have／助动词／情态动词＋主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。 例如He’s tired，and so am I．(＝I’ m also tired．) You can swim，and so can I．(＝I can also swim．) She has had supper，and so can I．(＝I’ve had lunch，too．) Tom speaks English，and so does his sister．(＝His sister speaks English，too．) A: I went to the park yesterday． B: So did I．(＝I also went to the park yesterday．) 2．“So +主语+be／have／助动词／情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly,表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。 例如 A：It was cold yesterday．昨天很冷。B：So it was．的确如此。(＝Yes，it was．) A：You seem to like sports．B：So I do．(＝Yes，I do．) A：It will be fine tomorrow．B：So it will．(＝Yes ，it will．) 3．“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。 My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.(=I han ded in my composition on time.) 语文老师叫我按时交作文, 我照办了。 4．So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示“……(的情况)也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。 She doesn’t play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister. 5、There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。如：
教版高一数学必修一知点 【一】 一、集合及其表示 1、集合的含： “集合” 个首先我想到的是上体育或者开会老常喊的“全体集合”。数学上的“集合”和个意思是一的，只不一个是一个是名而已。 所以集合的含是：某些指定的象集在一起就成一个集合，称集，其中每一个 象叫元素。比如高一二班集合，那么所有高一二班的同学就构成了一个集合，每一个同学就称个集合的元素。 2、集合的表示 通常用大写字母表示集合，用小写字母表示元素，如集合A={a， b ，c}。 a、 b、 c 就是集合 A 中的元素，作a∈ A，相反， d 不属于集合A，作 dA 。 有一些特殊的集合需要： 非整数集 (即自然数集 )N 正整数集N* 或 N+ 整数集 Z 有理数集Q 数集 R 集合的表示方法：列法与描述法。 ①列法： {a,b,c ??} ② 描述法：将集合中的元素的公共属性描述出来。如{xR|x-3>2},{x|x-3>2} ，{(x,y)|y=x2+1} ③言描述法：例：{不是直角三角形的三角形} 例：不等式 x-3>2 的解集是 {xR|x-3>2} 或 {x|x- 3>2} ：描述法表示集合注意集合的代表元素 A={(x,y)|y=x2+3x+2} 与 B={y|y=x2+3x+2} 不同。集合 A 中是数元素(x，y)，集合 B 中只有元素y。 3、集合的三个特性 (1)无序性 B={2,1}，集合A=B。 指集合中的元素排列没有序，如集合A={1,2}，集合 例：集合A={1,2}，B={a,b}，若 A=B，求 a、 b 的。 解：，A=B 注意：有两解。 (2)互异性 指集合中的元素不能重复，A={2,2}只能表示{2} (3)确定性 集合的确定性是指成集合的元素的性必明确，不允有模棱两可、含混不清的情况。 二、集合的基本关系 1.子集， A 包含于 B，：，有两种可能 (1)A 是 B 的一部分， (2)A 与 B 是同一集合， A=B， A、B 两集合中元素都相同。 反之 :集合 A 不包含于集合B,作。 如：集合 A={1,2,3} ，B={1,2,3,4}， C={1,2,3,4}，三个集合的关系可以表示，，B=C。A是 C 的子集，同 A 也是 C 的真子集。 2.真子集 :如果 AB, 且 AB 那就集合 A 是集合 B 的真子集，作 AB(或BA)
牛津译林版高一英语上册知识点：Unit 1 School life (一)词汇 attend earn respect achieve grade subject literature average on average an average of cooking extra Spanish etc. miss dessert vt. 参加，出席 n. 获得 v. 尊敬，敬重 v. 取得，完成 n. 等级，成绩 n. 科目 n. 文学 adj. 普通的;
平均的 n. 平均数;普通 n. 烹饪 adj. 另外的，额外的 n. 西班牙语 adj. 西班牙的, 西班牙人的，西班牙语的等等v. 想念 n. 餐后甜点 dessert , desert /e/ dessert表示甜点，而desert 表示沙漠。但是desert 也可以发/ i /, 这时它是作为动词，意思是抛弃，离弃。例：荒岛 a deserted island experience vt. 经历，体验 辨析experience和experiment experience 表示经验，经历，而experiment表示实验。注意两个单词拼法上的区别。 article vt. 文章 immediately vi 立刻，马上 (二)课文重难点 1. mean v. 意味 What do you mean? 1)mean that +宾语从句 我是说你不需要今天就完成。 I mean you neednt finish it today. 2)mean doing Falling into the river on such a cold day means losing your life.
高中英语定语从句讲解及练习 定语从句是高中重点知识，也是高考常考点，大家也不容易掌握，这篇文章主要教你关系代词引导的定语从句 关系副词引导的定语从句判断关系代词与关系副词限制性和非限制性定语从句等内容，有例题讲解定语从句在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。 关系副词有：when, where, why等。 18.1 关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。例如： Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗？（who/that在从句中作主语） He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语） 2）whose 用来指人或物，（只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换）。例如： They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 Please pass me the book whose （of which）cover is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。 3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。（which / that在句中作宾语） The package （which / that）you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语） 18.2 关系副词引导的定语从句 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于\"介词+ which\"结构，因此常常和\"介词+ which\"结构交替使用。例如： There are occasions when （on which）one must yield.任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why （for which）he refused our offer?这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？ 2）that代替关系副词，可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和\"介+which\"引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which）he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find the place （that / where / in which）he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。 18.3 判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一：用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词；而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 这是我去年呆过的山村。 I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记与你共事的日子。 判断改错： （错）This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （错）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （对）This is the mountain village （which）I visited last year. （对）I'll never forget the days （which）I spent in the countryside. 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。 方法二：准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关
古之学者必有师。师者，所以传道受业解惑也。人非生而知之者， 古代求学的人一定有老师。老师是传授道理，教授学业，解决疑难问题的人。人不是生下来就懂孰能无惑？惑而不从师，其为惑也，终不解矣。生乎吾前， 得道理的，谁能没有疑惑？有疑惑却不跟从老师学习，他所存在的疑惑，就始终不能解决。在我之前其闻道也固先乎吾，吾从而师之；生乎吾后，其闻道也亦先乎吾， 出生的人，他懂得道理本来就比我早，我跟从他，拜他为师；在我之后出生的人，他懂得道理如果也吾从而师之。吾师道也，夫庸知其年之先后生于吾乎？ 比我早，我也跟从他学习，把他当作老师，我学习的是道理，哪里管他的年龄比我大还是比我小呢？是故无贵无贱，无长无少，道之所存，师之所存也。 因此，不论地位显贵还是地位低下，不论年长年少，道理存在的地方，就是老师存在的地方。 嗟乎！师道之不传也久矣！欲人之无惑也难矣！古之圣人，其出人 唉！从师学习的风尚没有流传已经很久了，想要人们没有疑惑很难呐！古代的圣人，他们超过一也远矣，犹且从师而问焉；今之众人，其下圣人也亦远矣，而耻学于师。 般人很远了，尚且跟从老师向老师请教；现在的一般人，他们跟圣人相比相差很远了，却以向老师学是故圣益圣，愚益愚。圣人之所以为圣，愚人之所以为愚，其 为羞耻。所以圣人就更加圣明，愚人就更加愚昧。圣人之所以成为圣人，愚人之所以成为愚人，大概皆出于此乎！爱其子，择师而教之；于其身也，则耻师焉， 都是这个原因引起的吧！众人喜爱他们的孩子，选择老师教育孩子；他们自己呢，却以从师学习为惑矣。彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读（dòu）者，非吾所谓传其道 耻，这真是糊涂啊！那孩子的老师，教他们读书，学习书中的文句，并不是我所说的给人传授道理，解其惑者也。句读之不知，惑之不解，或师焉，或不（fǒu）焉， 给人解释疑惑的老师。不理解文句，疑惑得不到解决，有的向老师学习，有的却不向老师求教小的方小学而大遗，吾未见其明也。巫医乐师百工之人，不耻相师。 面学习，大的方面却放弃了，我看不出他们有什么明智的呢。医生，乐师及各种工匠，不以互相学习士大夫之族，曰师曰弟子云者，则群聚而笑之。问之， 为耻。士大夫这类人中，如有人称人家为老师，称自己为学生，这些人就聚集在一起嘲笑他。问那些 则曰：“彼与彼年相若也，道相似也。 嘲笑者（嘲笑他的原因），他们就说："那个人与某人年龄相近，修养和学业也差不多，（怎么能称他位卑则足羞，官盛则近谀。”呜呼！师道 为老师呢？）以地位低的人为师，足以感到羞愧，称官位高的人为师就近于谄媚。"啊！从师学习的之不复，可知矣。巫医乐师百工之人，君子不齿， 风尚不能恢复，由此就可以知道了。医生、乐师及各种工匠，士大夫之类的人是不屑与他们为伍的，今其智乃反不能及，其可怪也欤！ 现在士大夫们的智慧反而不如他们。难道值得奇怪吗？ 圣人无常师。孔子师郯子（tán）、苌弘、师襄、老聃（dān）。郯子之徒，其贤 圣人没有固定的老师，孔子曾经以郯子、苌弘、师襄、老聃为师。郯子这一类人，他们的道德才不及孔子。孔子曰：三人行，则必有我师。是故弟子不必不如师， 能不如孔子。孔子说："几个人走在一起，其中就一定有我的老师。"因此学生不一定不如老师不必贤于弟子，闻道有先后，术业有专攻，如是而已。 师，老师也不一定比弟子强，听闻道理有先有后，学问和技艺上各有各的主攻方向，像这样罢了。
高中英语学习材料 madeofjingetieji 14-15学年牛津高一上学期B1U1测试(江苏) Class: Name: Marks: 满分（100） 一、单项填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 1. Hide-and-seek is such a popular game ______ is played among children all over the world. A. as B. that C. what D. which 2.— Thanks a lot for your ticket. The film is really funny. —______. I’m glad you enjoyed it. A. Well done B. Not at all C. No thanks D. All the best 3. ______ a store on the Internet seems to be an easy thing, but in fact it costs much time and energy. A. Hosting B. Running C. Donating D. Informing 4.—How’s your new cook? —We couldn’t find ______ one. All our customers like his Chinese dishes very much. A. better B. a better C. the best D. the better 5. From watering to other details, ______ keeping a plant seems to be a bit challenging for me. A. fluently B. naturally C. successfully D. academically 6. No one can tell the exact number of the ships and sailors ______ were lost in the terrible storm. A. who B. which C. whom D. that 7. —I think the watch is quite suitable for you and it’s not expensive. You can’t miss it! — OK, I ______ it. A. had taken B. took C. will take D. have taken 8. It can be a(n) ______ for many people to say “no”, because they hate to disappoint (使失望) others and make themselves feel uncomfortable. A. experience B. struggle C. purpose D. habit 9. When travelling abroad, some people like to visit the ancient buildings while ______ prefer to explore the natural wonders. A. other B. the other C. others D. the others 10. —Darling, what’s on your mind? —Well, I’m considering ______ I am going to place our new furniture. A. who B. what C. which D. where 11. Sun Yang is the only one of the Chinese male swimmers who ______ a winner of two Olympic gold medals. A. is B. are C. were D. have been 12. Today, it’s hard for many children to become independent, as their parents are always ______ — they try to
必修1到4重点 B come across偶然遇见 D examine检查 Adolescence青春期be supposed to应该companion伴侣，陪伴defend辩解，防御exist存在 Annoyed愤怒的behavior行为construction施工，建筑物deserve值得existence存在 anyhow反正bend弯腰，（使）弯曲content内容go on a diet节食explore探索 Approximately大约branch分支convince使确信dynasty朝代extraordinary不同寻常的Average一般的，普通的belong to属于creature动物downtown市中心entire完全的 Advance前进，预先v.n blank空格，空白的ceremony仪式，典礼desert抛弃，沙漠explode爆炸 Adventure冒险brilliant明亮的character性格，人物，文字desire渴望，愿望expression表达，表情Afterwards后来backwards向后combine组合，（使）联合destination目的地extreme极度的，极端的Altogether总共beard胡须come down with患病dismiss解雇，不予考虑editor编辑 Ancestor祖先beneath在…之下concern关心，v.涉及,使担忧disturb打扰escape逃离v.n apply申请bargain便宜货，讨价还价conclusion结论，推论dusty尘土飞扬的essay论文 appropriate适当的be meant to旨在，目的是consist组成due to因为even if/though虽然，即使arrange安排benefit使受益，益处，奖金convenient方便的declare宣布 F atmosphere大气层，气氛bitter愤愤不平的，严寒的corrupt使腐化vt decorate装饰function起作用，作用astronaut宇航员bonus意外收获，奖金（adj贪污的deed行为，行动failure衰竭，失败astronomer天文学家budget预算court法院，球场destroy毁坏fault过错 accent口音button按钮champion冠军disaster灾难figure体型，数字，人物access进入，通道chief最重要的，主要的，首领distinction区别fond喜爱的 appearance外观 C comment评论，评价n.v. distinguish区分v forbid禁止 aside除…之外challenging具有挑战性的committee委员会drag拖，拉former以前的 attach把…附在…上charge负责，收费compete比赛，竞争delighted愉快的frightened受惊的，害怕的audience观众clinic诊所comprehension理解力determine确定forever永远地 aware意识到的composition作品constant连续发生的disappointed失望的fortune财富，运气 accuse控告，谴责concentrate全神贯注consult咨询fare车费 aim以…为目标confused困惑的contemporary现代的 E firmly坚定地，牢牢地appeal吸引，吸引力contain 包含corporation（大）公司embarrassed尴尬的flee逃避，逃跑 aspect方面，层面curtain窗帘continent洲，大陆equipment设备found兴建 attempt尝试candidate候选人expert专家fade衰落，逐渐消失association社团，关联classic经典的，经典作品enthusiastic热情的fancy精致的，绚丽的，幻想coincidence巧合entrance人口frequent频繁的
定语从句 一、基本概念： 定语： 定语从句： Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now That is the house where he lived ten years ago. 引导词：关系词 关系代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which; 在从句中充当： 关系副词有：when, where, why. 在从句充当： 先行词： 定语从句中引关系词的作用： 二、关系词的用法： （一）关系代词的用法： 1． He is the man lives next door. The train has just left is for Shenzhen. 2． The man ________ we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book ___________I bought last week （二）关系副词的用法： 1． I still remember the time ________I first became a college student. Do you know the date __________Lincoln was born
(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1．这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which结构： when = on (in, at, during…) + which; where = in (at, on…) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for which) we did it. 2．当先行词是表时间的time, day等和表地点的place, house等时，一定要注意分析从句的结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用which或that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时，才能用when或where，试比较： I’ll never forget the day _________ my hometown was liberated. I’ll never forget the days____________we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory____________radio parts are made. His father works in a factory______________makes radio parts. 三．限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1．限制性定语从句 This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you 2．非限制性定语从句 This note was left by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric.
牛津高中英语模块一（第1讲） 【教学容与教学要求】 一、教学容： 牛津高中英语模块一Unit 1 （上） 二、教学要求： 1．掌握和校园生活有关的常用单词、词组与句型。 2．学会描述校园生活和学校设施。 High school is a time of discovery, learning and hard work!高中是探索、学习和辛勤劳动的时期 Huge campus and low-rise building 学校面积大，没有高层建筑。 Twelve laboratories are available for different experiments.12个实验室可供不同试验使用。Each room comes with its own bothroom and Internet access.每个房间都有自己的卫生间和英特网接口。 3．学习阅读技巧：skimming&scanning。 4．语法：定语从句（一） 【知识重点与学习难点】 一、重要单词： access achieve attend assembly article available average canteen club challenging context donate display experience extra graduate gym heading locker low-rise literature poster relax 二、重点词组： class teacher 班主任at ease with 和….相处不拘束school hours学校作息时间earn respect from 赢得…的尊敬sound like听起来象for free 免费get a general idea 了解大意as well as 除….以外, 也key words 关键词word by word 逐字逐句地find one’s way around 认识路develop an interest in 培养对….的兴趣surf the Internet网上冲浪