高考英语总复习
高考英语总复习第一讲
第一部分词汇精讲
词汇精讲
1)stare /stε?/ vi. & vt. 凝视，注视（表示“看”的词汇look / stare/ glance/ glare/ peep，注意辨别）
2)wave /weiv/ vi. 挥手示意，致意
3)recover /r i'k?v?/ vi . & vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
4)base /beis/ vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础
5)request /ri'kwest/ n. & vt. 请求；要求
6)prefer /pri'f?:/ vt. 更喜欢
7)stand /st?nd/ vt. 忍耐
8)recognize /'rek?ɡnaiz/ vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
9)struggle /' str?ɡl/ n. & v. 斗争，拼搏
10)protest /pr?u'test/ n.& v. 抗议
11)persuade /p?'sweid/ vt .说服
12)commit /k?'mit/ vt.犯(错误)，干(坏事)
13)burst /b?:st/ vi. (burst , burst) 爆裂；爆发
14)react /ri'?kt/ vi. 反应
15)involve /in' v ?lv/ vt .涉及，参与
16)recognize vt.认识；认得；辨认出vi. 确认，承认；具结
①1)辨认出=I didn't recognize you in your uniform.
②2)承认=The World Health Org anization has recognized alcoholism as a disease since 1951.
③3)be recognized as:被公认为= Lawrence's novel was eventually recognized as a work of genius.
17)disaster /,di'zɑ:st?/ n. 灾难
18)attitude /'?titju:d/ n. 态度；看法
19)occasion /?'kei??n/ n. 场合
20)pressure /'pre??/ n. 压力
21)upset /?p'set/ adj. 心烦意乱的；
22)stressful /'stresf?l/ adj. 充满压力的，紧张的
23)remote /ri'm?ut/ adj. 遥远的
24)crowded /'kraudid/ adj. 拥挤的
25)upset /?p'set/ adj. 心烦意乱的；各种“生气”的表达要牢记：
26)be annoyed with
27)be upset with
28)be angry (mad) with
29)be cross with
31)lose one’s temper with
32)amazing /?'meizi?/ adj. 令人惊异的
①吃惊的: surprised / astonished /amazed / astounded
②震惊的: shocked /horrified /Stunned
33)keen /ki:n/ adj. 热心的，渴望的;热爱的
34)词群“喜欢”
①be (extremely) fond of
②be keen on
③be enthusiastic about
④adore
⑤be addicted to
⑥have a passion for
⑦appeal to
词组精讲
1.词群“喜欢”
be (extremely) fond of
be keen on
be enthusiastic about
adore
be addicted to
have a passion for
appeal to
2. wave vi. 挥手示意，致意
wave at sb
wave sb goodbye/farewell
bid sb goodbye/farewell
bid/wave goodbye/farewell to sb
例: When the party was over, he _____ his friends goodbye and _____
A. bade; departed
B. said; left
C. waved; went
D. remarked; retired
3. recover vi . & vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得
vt)重新获得;找回=regain
找回被偷的钱包=Recover my stolen wallet
重获勇气=I recover my interest in English
2) vi 恢复，康复
recover from+病: 我的哥哥已经感冒康复=My brother has recovered from the cold.
recover from my pressure
例题：(包头市田家炳中学高一）It took him a year to _____ from the disaster.
A. return
B. revise
C. recover
D. reply
4. base /basis/ vt. 以……为根据n. 基部；基地；基础
base A on B:把A建立在B的基础上
我把我的理论建立在事实基础上我们把友谊建立在尊重的基础上
be based on
必须背诵：=be founded on =be rooted in= be on the basis of
The cartoon is based on a Chinese novel
I base my theory on facts./Our theory is based on facts
例题：(人教版高一期中练习）Many students believe the choice of their courses and university should _____ their own interest.
A. be based on
B. base on
C. be basing on
D. base at
例题：(北京二中)_____ do you base your calculation
A . on which B. on what C . about what D. for what
5. request /ri'kwest/ n. & vt. 请求；要求
request sb to do sth
All club members are requested to attend the meeting.
我请求你帮助我 I ask you to help me.=I ask you for help.
May I request a favor of you?请您帮一下忙好吗?
agree to one’s request 答应某人的请求/ come at one’s request 应某人的要求而来
6. prefer /pri'f?:/ vt. 更喜欢
prefer A to B :比起A，更喜欢B
prefer doing to doing
prefer to do rather than do= would rather do than do
例如：
比起打车(take a taxi)，我更愿意坐公交（take a bus)
比起看小说，我更愿意看电视
例题：（山东青岛）---why don’t you play with them?
---I _____ sleep _____ play such uninteresting game
A . prefer to B. prefer to…than to C . would rather than D. would rather…than to
7.stand /st?nd/ vt. 忍耐，忍受
1) bear 2) can stand 3) tolerate 4) endure 5) put up with 6) live with
例题：(北京高考）I can’t stand______ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ______talking
A.working, stopping
B. to work, stopping
C. working, to stop
D. to work, to stop
8. recognize /'rek?ɡnaiz/ vt. 辨认出；承认；公认
1)辨认出=I didn't recognize you in your uniform.
2)承认=The World Health Organization has recognized alcoholism as a disease since 1951.
3)be recognized as:被公认为=Lawrence's novel was eventually recognized as a work of genius.
例题：2010北京高考完形填空
The shy, quiet freshman achieved success that year. I was ____in the program as"Student Art Assistant".
A . introduced B. recognized C. identified D. considered
9. struggle /' str?ɡl/ n. & v. 斗争，拼搏
Struggle with sb
重点词组：struggle to do:拼命去做..努力去做
There are too many families struggling to survive on low incomes
我努力每天背100个单词(翻译)
10. protest /pr?u'test/ n.& v. 抗议
protest agaist sth 抗议…
11. persuade /p?'sweid/ vt .说服
persuade sb to do
I persuaded her to go out for a drink with me.
persuade sb into doing
talk sb into doing
例题：He _____his daughter _____her mind, but she rejected.
A. persuaded; to change
B. tried to persuade; into changing
C. prevented; from changing
D. tried to prevent; to change
12. commit /k?'mit/ vt. 犯罪，做错事；把...交托给；指派…作战；使承担义务
commit oneself 承诺，答应负责
commit suicide 自杀
commit a crime 犯罪；犯下罪行
commit crime 犯罪；干坏事
commit murder 谋杀
commit sb to doing sth 承诺某人做某事
The government must commit itself to improving health care.
13. burst /b?:st/ vi. (burst , burst) 爆发，突发；爆炸 vt. 爆发，突发；爆炸
n. 爆发，突发；爆发Burst (v)突然破裂
The dam burst under the weight of water.
burst into 闯入；情绪的突然发作
burst out 闯出来；突发；摆脱；大声喊叫
burst in 闯入；突然出现；打断
必背词组：
嚎啕大哭: burst into tears=burst out crying
放声大笑: burst into laughter= burst out laughing
引吭高歌: burst into songs= burst out singing
欢呼鼓舞：burst into applause=burst out applauding
15. involve /in' v?lv/ vt .涉及，参与;牵涉；使陷于；潜心于
例句：This project involves much difficulty.这一项目有许多困难.
The case involved many innocent people. 这一案件牵涉了许多无辜的人。
词组1：involve doing
Running your own business usually involves working long hours.
短语：(表示“参与”的短语)
involve in 参与；涉及；卷入，陷入
take part in
join in
participate in
18. attitude /'?titju:d/ n. 态度；看法；态度;看法(to, toward, about)
attitude toward 对...的态度；意见
positive attitude 积极态度
negative attitude 消极态度
attitude is everything 态度决定一切
She shows a very positive attitude toward her work. 对生活的积极心态
19. occasion /?'kei??n/ n. 场合；n. 时机，机会；场合；理由
例句：I've met him on several occasions.
on occasion 有时 ; 间或 ; 不时地 ; 必要时
on the occasion 在那时；值此…之际
on this occasion adj. 这一次
on such an occasion 在这种场合
20. pressure /'pre??/ n. 压力；压迫，[物] 压强 vt. 迫使；密封；使…增压
1)压力，压强
The pressure of the water turns the wheel.
2）压力，紧张=stress
词组：迫使某人做=Put pressure on sb to do
考试结果迫使我努力学习（翻译）The result of the examination put pressure on me to study hard.
Be under pressure 面临压力，在压力之下；受到压力
high pressure 高压，高气压；高度紧张
blood pressure 血压
stressed与stressful (辨别)
I always eat when I'm feeling________.(反）
Moving to a new house is a very ________experience.
21. upset /?p'set/ adj. 心烦意乱的；vt. 使心烦；颠覆；扰乱vi. 翻倒n. 混乱；翻倒；颠覆
Losing the ring upset her very much. 指环的遗失使她很心烦意乱。
The news upset them. 这个消息使他们很难过。
各种“生气”的表达要牢记：
be annoyed with
be upset with
be angry with
lose one’s temper with
23. remote /ri'm?ut/ adj. 遥远的
be remote from
be far away from
be distant from
be close to
24. crowded /'kraudid/ adj. 拥挤的
The train is crowded with people
这个国家挤满了游客
The narrow roads were crowded with cars.
27. keen /ki:n/ adj. 热心的，渴望的;热爱的
be keen on
be enthusiastic about
be addicted to
第二部分：语法（定从）
一、定语从句概述
定义：定语从句：在复合句中修饰并限定名词或代词的从句。这个名词或代词称为“先行词”，而引导定语从句的词称为“关系词”。定语从句置于先行词的后面。如：
He is the man who/that wants to see you.他就是想见你的那个人。
在上句中，the man 是先行词，who/that 是关系词，who/that 引导的定语从句修饰the man。
二、关系词的选用与判断
定语从句中引导词的选择方法
引导词的确定按三个步骤进行：找先行词→把先行词代入定语从句→确定先行词在从句中的成分。
如：You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre, is always busy at the weekend.
(which; where)
第一步：找先行词。即t he shopping centre。
第二步：把先行词代入定语从句，把从句转化成一个完整的句子。即T he shopping centre is always busy at the weekend.
第三步：根据先行词在定语从句中充当的成分确定引导词。先行词 the shopping centre 在从句中作主语，因此引导词应用w hich。
三、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
1．限制性定语从句：从句与主句关系密切，去掉定语从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。
I was the only person in our office who was invited to the party.
(去掉who引导的定语从句，句子意思就不完整)
2．非限制性定语从句：从句对先行词关系不密切，去掉定语从句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗号与主句分隔开，不能用that引导。
Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.
(去掉who引导的非限制性定语从句，句子意思仍完整)
3.用which而不用that的情况：
①引导非限制性定语从句。
②代表整个主句的意思。
③介词＋关系代词。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry.
四、as引导定语从句时的用法
1)as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such… as结构中。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.
我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。
2)as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来补充说明整个句子。通常下列句型：as is known to all众所周知
as is said above综上所述
as is reported in the newspaper正如报纸所报道的
as is announced正如宣布的那样
as we all know正如我们所知
as I expect 正如我预料的那样
as I have said正如我所说的那样
as is mentioned above正如上面提到的
五、同位语从句与定语从句的区别
同位语从句通常被用来解释名词(如news, fact, suggestion, truth, plan, belief, doubt, possibility, idea等)的含义或内容，而定语从句对名词或代词起限定和修饰的作用。如：
They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句，解释hope的内容)
The hope that/which she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.(定语从句，限定hope)
六、由“介词+ 关系代词”引导的定语从句中，介词的确定方法
①根据先行词的要求。
如：This is the school in which I studied for three years. (in the school)
②根据从句中谓语动词的搭配要求。
如：The car on which he spent 120,000 yuan is made in Jiangsu.
③根据从句句意表达的要求。
如：Knowledge is the wings with which we fly to the heavens.
④主从句搭配的要求。如：I don’t know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday.
疑难拓展
1.不是所有表示地点的先行词后的引导词都用where，要判断引导词在从句中作什么成分，如果作状语，则用
where，如果作主语、宾语，则用that 或which。同样，当先行词指时间或原因the reason 时，如果引导词在从句中作状语就用when 或why，如果作主语或宾语则用that 或which。
e.g. The reason why he failed is that he refused to listen to my advice.
他失败的原因是拒绝听取我的意见。
☆题解考点
A. what
B. which
C. where
D. how
[解题点悟]：C 考查定语从句。句意：他写了一封信，在信中他解释了事故中发生的一切。本句中letter 是先行词，定语从句中包含一个由what 引导的宾语从句，作explain 的宾语，因此不缺少主干成分，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故答案为C 项。
2.引导词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。在“one of + 复数名词”
结构中，先行词是复数名词，谓语动词用复数形式；在“the (only) one of + 复数名词”结构中，先行词是one，谓语动词用单数形式，因为只有当定语从句修饰限定one 时，one 才是特指，其前才要加定冠词the。
e.g. Gossip is one of the tactics of the envious, which sometimes hurt others badly.
闲言是嫉妒者的伎俩，有时会深深地伤害他人。
☆题解考点
Anyone__ this opinion may speak out.
A. that is against
B. that againsts
C. who is against
D. who are against
[解题点悟]：C 考查定语从句。句意：任何一个反对这个观点的人都可以讲出来。anyone 作先行词，定语从句引导词用who，排除A、B 项，又因为定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词anyone 一致，故选
C 项。
3.whose 在定语从句中作定语，后面接名词，其含义是“（先行词）的……”。whose 既可指人，也可以指物。
当先行词是物时，“whose + 名词”可以用“of which the + 名词/the + 名词+ of which”代替。
e.g. The award will go to the novelist whose story shows the most imagination.
这个奖项将会授予这位在笔下挥洒想象力到极致的小说家。
☆题解考点
I wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.
A. who
B. whose
C. whom
D. which
[解题点悟]：B 考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：我想要感谢史密斯教授，没有他的帮助，我绝不会有这个成就。根据句意及句子结构可知，空格处为定语从句的引导词，先行词为Professor Smith，将先行词代入定语从句后为：Without Professor Smith’s help I would never have got this far. 由此可见先行词在定语从句中作help 的定语，故答案为B 项。
4.在非限制性定语从句中which 可指代整个主句，其引导的定语从句通常与主句用逗号隔开，只能置于主句之
后。which 引导的非限制性定语从句与主句之间在逻辑意义上近似并列句，which 本身表示“这，这一点”的意思。
e.g. The Cartoon and Animation Exhibition in Guangzhou started on April 30th, which attracted a lot of citizens to go
there.广州动漫展4月30号开幕，吸引了大批市民。
☆题解考点
We have launched another man-made satellite, is announced in today’s newspaper. (2013 年天津)
A. that
B. which
C. who
D. what
[解题点悟]：B 考查非限制性定语从句。句意：我们又发射了一颗人造卫星，这消息在今天的报纸上宣布了。
此处which 指代整个主句引导非限制性定语从句。故答案选B 项。
针对练习
Ⅰ. 句型转换
1. I hate the hotel where I lived
I hate the hotel I lived.
2. This is the factory where my father worked years ago.
This is the factory my father worked years ago.
3. I will never forget the autumn in which I studied and lived with you.
I will never forget the autumn I studied and lived with you。
Ⅱ. 改错题。每句有一处错误，找出并改正
1. These who have plenty of money will help their friends.
2. This is the longest train which I have ever seen.
3. The day will come which the people all over the world will win liberation.
4. I shall never forget those years when I lived in the farm where you visited last week.
5. The radio set which I bought it last week has gone wrong.
Ⅰ. 用适当的连接词填空。
1. The pencil which he wrote was broken.
2. She has three children, all of are at school.
3. I was surprised at the way he treated the old man.
4. The age children can go to school is seven.
5. Ours is a beautiful school, there are 3,000 students and over 100 teachers.
第三部分：写作（各类文体写作简介）
1、高考英语书信作文写作模板(重点)
开头部分:How nice to hear from you again. Let me tell you something about the activity. I’m glad to have received your letter of Apr. 9th. I’m pleased to hear that you’re coming to China for a visit. I’m writing to thank you for your help during my stay in America.
结尾部分：With best wishes. I’m looking forward to your reply. I’d appreciate it if you could reply earlier.
2、高考英语作文通知写作模板(次重点)
开场白部分：Ladies and gentlemen, May I have your attention, please? I have an announcement to make.
正文部分：All the teachers and students are required to attend it. Please take your notebooks and make notes. Please l isten carefully and we’ll have a discussion in groups. Please come on time and don’t be late.
结束语部分：Please come and join in it. Everybody is welcome to attend it. I hope you’ll have a nice time here. That’s all. Thank you.
3、高考英语图画类作文写作模板(了解)
开头Look at this picture./The picture shows that.../From this picture, we can see.../As is shown in the picture.../As is seen in the picture...
衔接句As we all know, .../As is known to all,.../It is well known that.../In my opinion,.../As far as I am concerned,.../This sight reminds me of something in my daily life.
结尾句In conclusion.../In brief.../On the whole.../In short.../In a word.../Generally speaking.../As has been stated.
4、高考英语图表作文写作模板(了解)
The chart gives us an overall picture of the 图表主题.
The first thing we notice is that 图表最大特点.
This means that as 进一步说明.
We can see from the statistics given that 图表细节
图表细节一. After 动词-ing ：细节一中的第一个变化，the动词-ed+幅度+时间(紧跟着的变化) .
The figures also tell us that图表细节二.
In the column, we can see that accounts for (进一步描述).
Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that (结论).
The reason for this, as far as I am concerned is that (给出原因). b或是It is high time that we (发出倡议).
5、高考英语议论文写作模板（次重点）
1）.正反观点式议论文模板：
导入：第1段：Recently we’ve had a discussion about whether we should... (导入话题) Our opinions are divided on this topic.(观点有分歧)
正文：第2段：Most of the students are in favour of it.(正方观点) Here are the reasons. First... Second... Finally...(列
出2~3个赞成的理由) 第3段：However, the others are strongly against it. (反方观点) Their reasons are as follows. In the first place... What’s more... In addition...(列出2~3个反对的理由)
结论：第4段：Personally speaking, the advantages overweigh the disadvantages, for it will do us more harm than good, so I support it.(个人观点)
2）.“A或者B”类议论文模板：
导入：第1段：Some people hold the opinion that A is superior to B in many ways. Others, however, argue that B is much better. Personally, I would prefer A because I think A has more advantages.
正文：第2段：There are many reasons why I prefer A. The main reason is that ... Another reason is that...(赞同A的原因) 第3段: Of course, B also has advantages to some extent... (列出1~2个B的优势)
结论：第4段: But if all these factors are considered, A is much better than B. From what has been discussed above, we may finally draw the conclusion that ...(得出结论)
3）.观点论述类议论文模板：
导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某个决定作为议论的话题As a student, I am strongly in favour of the decision. (亮明自己的观点是赞成还是反对) The reasons for this may be listed as follows. (过渡句，承上启下)
正文：第2段：First of all... Secondly... Besides...(列出2~3个赞成或反对的理由)
结论：第3段：In conclusion, I believe that... (照应第1段，构成"总—分—总"结构)
4）."How to"类议论文模板：
导入：第1段：提出一种现象或某种困难作为议论的话题
正文：第2段：Many ways can help to solve this serious problem, but the following may be most effective. First of all... Another way to solve the problem is ... Finally...(列出2~3个解决此类问题的办法)
结论：第3段：These are not the best but the only two/ three measures we can take. But it should be noted that we should take action to...(强调解决此类问题的根本方法)
高考英语总复习第二讲
第一部分词汇精讲
重点词汇
1.promote /pr?u‘m?ut/ vt.促进，提升
2.turn to 求助于
3.rescue /‘reskju:/ n. &vt. 援救；营救
4.trap /tr?p/ vt.使陷入困境n. 陷阱；困境
5.serve /s?:v/ vt.招待，侍候；服务
6.bury /‘beri/ vt.埋葬；掩埋；隐藏
7.escape /i‘skeip/ vi. 逃脱；逃走
8.attend /?'tend/ vt. 出席，参加
9.contribute /k?n 'tribju:t/ vt. 捐献，贡献
10.put up 举起，建造
11.be sentenced to 被判处……（徒刑）
12.survive /s?‘vaiv/ vi. 幸免；幸存；生还
13.fancy n. 幻想；想象力；爱好adj. 想象的；奇特的；vt. 想象；喜爱；设想；自负vi. 幻想；想象
14.identify /ai‘dentifai/ vt. 识别
15.in search of 寻找
重点名词和形容词：
16.likely /'laikli/ adj. 有可能的
17.as a matter of fact 事实上
18.opinion /?'pinj?n/ n. 意见；看法；主张
19.active /‘?ktiv/ adj. 积极的；活跃的; Active--- Positive---Optimistic
20. a (great) number of 许多；大量的
词汇精讲
1. promote vt. 促进；提升；推销；发扬vi. 成为王后或其他大于卒的子
1)晋升
Be promoted to +职位
他被晋升为经理=He was promoted to manager.
2)推销，促销
推销他的新书=promote his new book
3)促进
阳光可以促进植物的生长=sunlight can promote the growth of plants
2. turn的词组
Turn up (1)调大(2)出现Turn down (1)调小(2)拒绝
Turn on (1)打开(2)喜欢Turn off (1)关闭(2)反感
Turn to sb向某人求助Turn in 上交
Turn out 结果是，竟然是Turn over 翻转
Turn away 扭头Turn around 转身
(高考上海卷)
What are you reading, Tom?
---I’m not really reading, just _____ the pages.
A. turning off
B. turning around
C. turning over
D. turning up
3. Rescue vt. 营救；援救n. 营救；援救；解救
rescue sb from sth
例句：She tried to rescue her children from the fire.
rescue team 救援小组; 救援队; rescue workers 救援人员
4.trap vt. 诱捕；使…受限制；使…陷入困境n. 陷阱；圈套；[建] 存水湾vi. 设陷阱
Be /get trapped in=be/get caught in= be/get stuck in
我们被困在电梯里面=We are trapped in the elevator.
5. serve vt. 招待，为…服务；对…有用vi. 服役，服务；适合，足够；发球；招待，侍候n. 发球，轮到serve as+职位: 服务，服役
serve as a gardener
serve as an officer during the war
serve as=function as 被用作，被当做
The sofa serves as a bed.
My dictionary serves as a pillow=我的字典被当做枕头来用
6. bury vt. 埋葬；隐藏
必背词组：
be buried in / bury oneself in 埋头于/专注于…
=be absorbed in
=keep /fix one’s eyes on
例句：I was buried in my study= I was absorbed into my study. = I buried myself in my study.
7. escape vt. 逃避，避开，避免；被忘掉；被忽视vi. 逃脱；避开；溜走；（气体，液体等）漏出escape doing sth narrowly escape九死一生，幸免于难；千钧一发
air escape 漏气；放气escape from vt. 逃脱
He attempted to escape from the prison but failed.
There is no way escape doing the work.没法避免干这个工作。
8. attend /?'tend/ vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾
1) attend 与take part in
I am the first child in my family to attend college.
2) attend to sth
Could you attend to this matter immediately?
3) attend to sb
Are you being attended to
(福建高考)The coach asked his staff _____ the large group of journalists waiting for him to announce his training plans.
A. adapt to
B. attend to
C. refer to
D. appeal to
9. contribute /k?n 'tribju:t/ vt. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献vi. 贡献，出力；投稿；捐献
contribute sth to 贡献
Her family have contributed 50, 000 dollars to the fund.
contribute to 导致
Alcohol contributes to 100, 000 deaths a year in the US.
Smoking contributes to cancer.
make contribution to sth 为…做贡献
10. put up sth 举起，提供；建造；举起；提高；推举，提名；供给…住宿；直接行动
put up with sth= stand sth 忍受put away储存（钱）；储存…备用
put off 脱下put on穿上；上演；增加；假装；使…上场
put out 熄灭put down 写下；记下
put forward提出；拿出；放出；推举出
11. be sentenced to 被判处……（徒刑）
be sentenced to death 被判死刑; 被判处死刑; 判处死刑; 被处死刑
be sentenced to life 被判无期徒刑
Be sentenced to die 被判死亡
12. survive /s?‘vaiv/ vt. 幸存；生还；幸免于；比...活得长vi. 幸存；活下来
the people who survive in the war经过战争洗礼而幸存的人们
In the big fire, some trees survived. 大火之后，仍有一些树木残存
2) vt+病/灾: 熬过/挺过…病/灾
不是所有的动物都能熬过冬天=Not all the animals can survive the winter
My Grandmother is very old and she wouldn’t be able to__________ (挺过这次手术）
13.fancy n. 幻想；想象力；爱好adj. 想象的；奇特的；vt. 想象；喜爱；设想；自负vi. 幻想；想象1）认为，感觉
I fancy (that) it's going to rain today.
He fancied he heard footsteps behind him.
2）想要，渴望=desire
我想来杯茶=I fancy a cup of tea.
fancy doing sth
14. identify /ai‘dentifai/ vt. 识别
She identifi ed th e man as h er attacker.
He was too far away to be able to identify faces.
identify A with B=把A与B等同起来，联系到一起
我们不应该把幸福与财富等同起来=We should not identify happiness with wealth
15. in search of 寻找
Search / Seek / Look for
I am searching my wallet
I am looking for my wallet
I am seeking my wallet
I am searching for my wallet
我在书包里找钥匙(look, search)
我在书架上找一本小说（look, search)
我在互联网上搜索信息（search)
16. likely adj. 有可能的
Likely 与possible 的区别Be likely to do It is likely that
17. as a matter of fact 事实上
In fact In truth In practice In effect In reality Actually
18. opinion /?‘pinj?n/ n. 意见；看法；主张
in my opinion in my view from my point of view from my perspective
be of the opinion that hold/take the view that as far as I am concerned It seems to me that
19. a (great) number of 许多；大量的(注意量词短语的单复数使用)
Few /little a few /a little some / any many / much/a lot of quite a lot of
第二部分：语法（状从/特殊句式）近几年来高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在以下几个方面，下面是状语从句考点例题分析
【考点1】when，while与as的用法
均可表示“当……的时候”，但有区别：
when：既可接表示动作性或短暂性的动词，也可接表示状态的动词，不强调主从句谓语动作同时发生。
有时还有“这时”的意思。
while：常接持续性的动词，强调主从句谓语动作同时发生，常用进行时。有时还有对比意义，意为“然而”。
as：强调同时发生或伴随进行。常用一般现在时或过去时，意为“一边……一边……”。有时还有“随着”含义。
①I do every single bit of housework ________ my husband Bob just does the dishes now and then.
A.since
B. while
C. when
D. as
【考点2】“一……就……”几种表达法
once，as soon as，the moment / minute，immediately / directly / instantly引导的从句常用一般现在时或过去时
hardly / scarcely … when…和no sooner … than …结构中，前句常用过去完成式(常用部分倒装形式)，后句用过去式
On doing sth.，each / every / the first / the last + time 后也可直接接从句，一起作时间状语。
②—— Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—— Yes. I gave it to her _____ I saw her.
A. while
B. the moment
C. suddenly
D. once
【考点3】because，as，since与for的用法比较
because：表示直接的原因或理由。用于回答Why的问题。because与so不能同时并列使用。
since：表示对方已知的，无须加以说明的既成事实的理由。译为“既然”。
as：表示十分明显的原因，一般说明因果关系。
for：常出现在并列句中，不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只提供一些补充说明，且不可位于句首。
③_______ you are leaving tomorrow, we can eat dinner together tonight.
A. For
B. Since
C. When
D. while
【考点4】no matter后可接who，whom，whose，which，what，when，where，how，whether 引导的让步主语从句可用whoever，whomever，whenever，whichever，whatever，wherever，
however替换，但在ever引导其它从句时不可用no matter引导。
④_______, I have to put it away and focus my attention on study this week.
A. However the study is amusing
B. No matter amusing the story is
C. However amusing the story is
D. No matter how the story is amusing
【考点5】until / till的用法
⑤It was __________ back home after the experiment.
A. not until midnight did he go
B. until midnight that he didn’t go
C. not until midnight that he went
D. until midnight when he didn’t go
⑥——Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?
—— Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in the grade.
A.after
B. unless
C. until
D. when
【考点6】引导让步主语从句应注意等几个问题
1.由although / though ，even if / though引导
注意although / though 引导从句时，主句不能用but，但可用yet或still。
2.由whether … o r (not) 引导
3.由though或as引导的倒装句中。
4.though用作副词，可位于句末，并用逗号分开。
⑦——Dad, I’ve finished my assignment.
——Good, and _______ you play or watch TV, you mustn’t disturb me.
A. whenever
B. whether
C. whatever
D. no matter
【考点7】before用法
注意before在下列句型中的使用
It will be + 一段时间+ before + 从句
It won’t be long before + 从句
before一词在不同的句型中就有不同的意思，如：“在……之前”、“过了……才”、“没……就”、“不知不觉就……”等。
⑧It will be a long time _____ Mr. Black ______ back abroad.
A. before; comes
B. since; has come
C. before; will come
D. after; will come
【考点8】where引导的定语从句与where引导的地点状语从句的区别
⑨——I have learned that a large new building will be set up ______ the Twin Towers once stood.
——So have I. But the American people haven’t yet got over the shock of September 11.
A. where
B. when
C. which
D. that
【考点9】so that 可引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句
⑩Roses need special care ________ they can live through winter.
A. because
B. so that
C. even if
D. as
1.当when，while，if，unless引导状语从句时，如果主从句的主语一致，且谓语部分由be动词构成(或者
从句中有it is…)时，可省略主语和be动词(或省略it is)。
2.在虚拟条件状语从句中，如果从句中有had，should，were时，可省略if，用“had，should，were + 主语”
形式。
3. 以as，than引导的比较状语从句可全部或部分省去。
4.as if 和as though 从句可用省略形式，后接不定式、分词、形容词和介词。
⑾The research is so designed that once ____ nothing can be done to change it.
A. begins
B. having begun
C. beginning
D. begun
⑿Generally speaking, _____ according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (
A. when taking
B. when taken
C. when to take
D. when to be taken
答案：BBBCC CBAAB DB
第三部分：阅读理解（阅读技巧）
一、阅读理解文章选材的类型一般有三类：社会类文章，人物类文章，科普类文章
二、阅读理解选择题题型
1)细节理解(包括图形识别题);
2)推理判断(其中包括根据上下文推理文意题，筛选对错题，以及词义推断题);
3)主旨大意(包括段落大意和全文大意或给文章取题目)
三、阅读理解题的解题思路
解答阅读理解题的总体思路是：单句人手。语篇突破，着眼整体，归纳推断。一般有以下两种阅读顺序(P=Passage，Q=Question)：
(1) P-Q-P：即先看文章，后看问题，再通过阅读文章来解答问题。这是考生常用的按部就班的阅读方式。其
特点是有利于考生把握文章的主旨和作者的态度。但采用这种阅读方式的考生往往阅读速度较慢，因此难以在阅读时积极主动地预测文章内容。
(2) Q-P-Q：即先将问题看一遍，然后带着问题去阅读文章，最后答题。其特点是针对性强，节省答题时间，
比较适用于解答事实性和细节性的问题，但是解答主旨性和推断性问题的效果不明显。P-Q-P方式或Q-P-Q 方式的采用因人而异，无优劣之分。当然，题型不同，解题的方法也应有所不同。
四、常用的解题技巧有以下几种