READING P ASSAGE 1
Y ou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1—13 which are based on
Reading Passage 1 below.
How Much Higher? How Much Faster?
—Limits to human sporting performance are not yet in sight —
Since the early years of the twentieth century, when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records, there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run, how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive objects, themselves included, through space. For the so-called power events —that require a relatively brief, explosive release of energy, like the 100-metre sprint and the long jump —times and distances have improved ten to twenty percent. In the endurance events the results have been more dramatic. At the 1908 Olympics, John Hayes of the U.S. team ran a marathon in a time of 2:55:18. In 1999, Morocco's Khalid Khannouchi set a new world record of 2:05:42, almost thirty percent faster.
No one theory can explain improvements in performance, but the most important factor has been genetics. ‘The athlete must choose his parents carefully,’ says Jesus Dapena, a sports scientist at Indiana University, invoking an oft-cited adage. Over the past century, the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably, but with increasing global participation in athletics —and greater rewards to tempt athletes —it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early. ‘Was there someone like [sprinter] Michael Johnson in the 1920s?’ Dapena asks. ‘I’m sure that there was, but his talent was probably never realized.’
Identifying genetically talented individuals is only the first step. Michael Yessis, an emeritus professor of Sports Science at California State University at Fullerton, maintains that ‘g enetics only determines about one third of what an athlete can do. But with the right training we can go much further with that one third than we’v e been going.’Yessis believes that U.S. runners, despite their impressive achievements, are ‘running on their genetic s’. By applying more scientific methods, ‘the y’r e going to go much faste r’. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics, a technique pioneered in the former Soviet
Union.
Whereas most exercises are designed to build up strength or endurance, plyometrics focuses on increasing power —the rate at which an athlete can expend energy. When a sprinter runs, Yessis explains, her foot stays in contact with the ground for just under a tenth of a second, half of which is devoted to landing and the other half to pushing off. Plyometric exercises help athletes make the best use of this brief interval.
Nutrition is another area that sports trainers have failed to address adequately. ‘Many athletes are not getting the best nutrition, even through supplements,’ Yessis insists. Each activity has its own nutritional needs. Few coaches, for instance, understand how deficiencies in trace mineral can lead to injuries.
Focused training will also play a role in enabling records to be broken. ‘I f we applied the Russian training model to some of the outstanding runners we have in this country,’ Y essis asserts, ‘t hey would be breaking records left and righ t.’He will not predict by how much, however: ‘Ex actly what the limits are it’s hard to say, but there will be increase even if only by hundredths of a second, as long as our training continues to improve.’
One of the most important new methodologies is biomechanics, the study of the body in motion.
A biomechanics films an athlete in action and then digitizes her performance, recording the motion of every joint and limb in three dimensions. By applying New ton’s laws to these motions, ‘we can say that this athlete’s run is not fast enough; that this one is not using his arms strongly enough during take-off,’ says Dapena, who uses these methods to help high jumpers. To date, however, biomechanics has made only a small difference to athletic performance.
Revolutionary ideas still come from the athletes themselves. For example, during the
1968 Olympics in Mexico City, a relatively unknown high jumper named Dick Fosbury won the gold by going over the bar backwards, in complete contradiction of all the received high-jumping wisdom, a move instantly dubbed the Fosbury flop. Fosbury him- self did not know what he was doing. That understanding took the later analysis of bio- mechanics, who put their minds to comprehending something that was too complex and unorthodox ever to have been invented through their own mathematical simulations. Fosbury also required another element that lies behind many
improvements in athletic performance: an innovation in athletic equipment. In Fosbury’s case, it was the cushions that jumpers land on. Traditionally, high jumpers would land in pits filled with sawdust.
But by Fosbur y’s time, sawdust pits had been replaced by soft foam cushions, ideal for flopping.In the end, most people who examination human performance are humbled by the resourcefulness of athletes and the powers of the human body. ‘Once you study athletics, you learn that it’s a vexingly complex issue,’ says John S.Raglin, a sports psychologist at Indiana University.
‘C ore performance is not a simple of mundane thing of higher, faster, longer. So many variables enter into the equation, and our understanding in many cases is fundamental. We’v e got a long way
to go.’ For the foreseeable future, records will be made to be broken.
Questions 1—6
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading
Passage 1?
In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
F ALSE if the statement contradicts the information
\NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
1 Modern official athletic records date from about 1900.
2 There was little improvement in athletic performance before the twentieth century.
3 Performance has improved most greatly in events requiring an intensive burst of energy.
4 Improvements in athletic performance can be fully explained by genetics.
5 The parents of top athletes have often been successful athletes themselves
6 The growing international importance of athletics means that gifted athletes can be recognized at a younger age.
Questions 7—10
Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 1. Use ONE WORD for
each answer.
W rite your answers in boxes 7—10 on your answer sheet.
7 According to Professor Y essis, American runners are relying for their current success on
_.
8 Y essis describes a training approach from the former Soviet Union that aims to develop an
athlete’s _.
9 Y essis links an inadequate diet to .
10 Y essis claims that the key to setting new records is better _. Questions 11—13
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
W rite your answers in boxes 11—13 on your answer sheet.
11 Biomechanics films are proving particularly useful because they enable trainers to
A highlight areas for improvement in athletes.
B assess the fitness levels of athletes.
C select top athletes.
D predict the success of athletes.
12 Biomechanics specialists used theoretical models to
A soften the Fosbury flop.
B create the Fosbury flop.
C correct the Fosbury flop.
D explain the Fosbury flop.
13 John S.Raglin believes our current knowledge of athletics is
A mistaken.
B basic.
C diverse.
D theoretical.
READING P ASSAGE 2
Y ou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14—27 which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.
The Nature and Aims of Archaeology
Archaeology is partly the discovery of the treasures of the past, partly the careful work of the scientific analyst, partly the exercise of the creative imagination. It is toiling in the sun on an excavation in the Middle-East, it is working with living Inuit in the snows of Alaska, and it is investigating the sewers of Roman Britain. But it is also the painstaking task of interpretation, so that we come to understand what these things mean for the human story. And it is the conservation of the world's cultural heritage against looting and careless harm.
Archaeology, then, is both a physical activity out in the field, and an intellectual pursuit in the study or laboratory. That is part of its great attraction. The rich mixture of danger and detective work has also made it the perfect vehicle for fiction writers and film- makers, from Agatha Christie with Murder in Mesopotamia to Stephen Spielberg with Indiana Jones. However far from reality such portrayals are, they capture the essential truth that archaeology is an exciting quest —the quest for knowledge about ourselves and our past.
But how does archaeology relate to disciplines such as anthropology and history, that are also concerned with the human story? Is archaeology itself a science? And what are the responsibilities of the archaeologist in today's world?
Anthropology, at its broadest, is the study of humanity —our physical characteristic as animals and our unique non-biological characteristics that we call culture. Culture in this sense includes what the anthropologist, Edward Tylor, summarized in 1871 as ‘kno wledge, belief, art, morals, custom and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of societ y’. Anthropologists also use the term ‘culture’ in a more restricted sense when they refer to the ‘culture’ of a particular society, meaning the non- biological characteristics unique to that society, which distinguish it from other societies. Anthropology is thus a broad discipline —so broad that it is generally broken down into three smaller disciplines: physical anthropology, cultural anthropology and archaeology.
Physical anthropology, or biological anthropology as it is also called, concerns the study of human biological or physical characteristics and how they evolved. Cultural anthropology —or social anthropology —analyses human culture and society. Two of its branches are ethnography (the study at first hand of individual living cultures) and ethnology (which sets out to compare cultures using ethnographic evidence to derive general principles about human society).
Archaeology is the ‘p ast tense of culture anthropolo gy’. Whereas cultural anthropologists will often base their conclusions on the experience of living within contemporary communities, archaeologists study past societies primarily through their material remains —the buildings, tools and other artefacts that constitutes what is known as the material culture left over from former societies.
Nevertheless, one of the most important tasks for the archaeologist today is to know how to interpret material culture in human terms. How were those pots used? Why are some dwellings round and others square? Here the methods of archaeology and ethno- graphy overlap. Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnogra phy’, where, like ethnographers, they live among contemporary communities, but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture —how they make their tools and weapons, why they build their settlements where they do, and so on. Moreover, archaeology has an active role to play in the field of conservation. Heritage studies constitutes a developing field, where it is realized that the worl d’s cultural heritage is a diminishing resource which holds different meanings for different people.
If, then archaeology deals with the past, in what way does it differ from history? In the broadest sense, just as archaeology is an aspect of anthropology, so too is it a part of history —where we
mean the whole history of humankind from its beginnings over three million years ago. Indeed, for more than ninety-nine percent of that huge span of time, archaeology —the study of past material culture —is the only significant source of information. Conventional historical sources begin only with the introduction of written records around 3000 BC in western Asia, and much later in most other parts of the world.
A commonly drawn distinction is between pre-history, i.e. the period before written records —and history in the narrow sense, meaning the study of the past using written evidence. To archaeology, which studies all cultures and periods, whether with or without writing, the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognizes the importance of the written word, but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.
Since the aim of archaeology is the understanding of humankind, it is a humanistic study, and since it deals with the human past, it is a historical discipline. But it differs from the study of written history in a fundamental way. The material the archaeologist finds does not tell us directly what to think. Historical records make statements, offer opinions and pass judgments. The objects the archaeologists discover, on the other hand, tell us nothing directly in themselves. In this respect, the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist, who collects data, conducts experiments, formulates a hypothesis, tests the hypothesis against more data, and then, in conclusion, devises a model that seems best to summarize the pattern observed in the data. The archaeologist has to develop a picture of the past, just as the scientist has to develop a coherent view of the natural world.
Questions 14—19
Do the following statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 2?
In boxes 14—19 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the claims of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
14 Archaeology involves creativity as well as careful investigative work.
15 Archaeologists must be able to translate texts from ancient languages.
16 Movies give a realistic picture of the work of archaeologists.
17 Anthropologists define culture in more than one way.
18 Archaeology is a more demanding field of study than anthropology.
19 The history of Europe has been documented since 3,000 BC.
Questions 20 and 21
Choose TWO letters A—E.
W rite your answers in boxes 20 and 21 on your answer sheet. The list below gives some statements about anthropology. Which TWO statements are mentioned by the writer of the text?
A It is important for government planners.
B It is a continually growing field of study.
C It often involves long periods of fieldwork.
D It is subdivided for study purposes.
E It studies human evolutionary patterns.
Questions 22 and 23
Choose TWO letters A—E.
W rite your answers in boxes 22 and 23 on your answer sheet. The list below
gives some of the tasks of an archaeologist. Which TWO of these tasks are
mentioned by the writer of the text?
A examining ancient waste sites to investigate diet
B studying cave art to determine its significance
C deducing reasons for the shape of domestic buildings
D investigating the way different cultures make and use objects.
E examining evidence for past climate changes
Questions 24—27
Complete the summary of the last two paragraphs of Reading Passage 2. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. W rite your answers in boxes 24—27 on your answer sheet.
Much of the work of archaeologists can be done using written records but they find 24 equally valuable. The writer describes archaeology as both a 25 and a 26 . However, as archaeologists do not try to influence human behavior, the writer compares their style of working to that of a 27 .
READING P ASSAGE 3
Y ou should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 28—40 which are based on Reading Passage 3 on the following pages.
The Problem of Scarce Resources
Section A
The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one. Every health system in an economically developed society is faced with the need to decide (either formally or informally) what proportion of the community’s total resources should be spent on health-care; how resources are to be apportioned; what diseases and disabilities and which forms of treatment are to be given priority; which members of the community are to be given special consideration in respect of their health needs; and which forms of treatment are the most cost-effective.
Section B
What is new is that, from the 1950s onwards, there have been certain general changes in outlook about the finitude of resources as a whole and of health-care resources in particular, as well as more specific changes regarding the clientele of health-care resources and the cost to the community of those resources. Thus, in the 1950s and 1960s, there emerged an awareness in W estern societies that resources for the provision of fossil
11
fuel energy were finite and exhaustible and that the capacity of nature or the environment to sustain economic development and population was also finite. In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growt h’. The new consciousness that there were also severe limits to health-care resources was part of this general revelation of the obvious. Looking back, it now seems quite incredible that in the national health systems that emerged in many counties in the years immediately after the 1939—45 W orld W ar, it was assumed without question that all the basic health needs of any community could be satisfied, at least in principle; the ‘inv isible hand ’ of economic progress would provide.
Section C
However, at exactly the same time as this new realization of the finite character of health-care resources was sinking in, an awareness of a contrary kind was developing in W estern societies: that people have a basic right to health-care as a necessary condition of a proper human life. Like education, political and legal processes and institutions, public order, communication, transport and money supply , health-care came to be seen as one of the fundamental social facilities necessary for people to exercise their other rights as autonomous human beings. People are not in a position to exercise personal liberty and to be self-determining if they are poverty-stricken, or deprived of basic education, or do not live within a context of law and order . In the same way , basic health-care is a condition of the exercise of autonomy .
12
Section D
Although the language of ‘r ights ’ sometimes leads to confusion, by the late 1970s it was recognized in most societies that people have a right to health-care (though there has been considerable resistance in the United States to the idea that there is a formal right to health-care). It is also accepted that this right generates an obligation or duty for the state to ensure that adequate health-care resources are provided out of the public purse. The state has no obligation to provide a health-care system itself, but to ensure that such a system is provided. Put another way , basic health-care is now recognized as a ‘public good ’, rather than a ‘pr ivate goo d’ that one is expected to buy for oneself. As the 1976 declaration of the W orld Health Organization put it: ‘The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economic or social condition.’ As has just been remarked, in a liberal society basic health is seen as one of the indispensable conditions for the exercise of personal autonomy .
Section E
Just at the time when it became obvious that health-care resources could not possibly meet the demands being made upon them, people were demanding that their fundamental right to health-care be satisfied by the state. The second set of more specific changes that have led to the present concern about the distribution of health-care resources stems from the dramatic rise in health costs in most OECD ① countries, accompanied by large-scale demographic and social changes which have
meant, to take one example, that elderly people are now major (and relatively very
expensive) consumers of health-care resources. Thus in OECD countries as a whole, health costs increased from 3.8% of GDP②in 1960 to 7% of GDP in 1980, and it has been predicted that the proportion of health costs to GDP will continue to increase. (In the US the current figure is about 12% of GDP, and in Australia about 7.8% of GDP.)
As a consequence, during the 1980s a kind of doomsday scenario (analogous to similar doomsday extrapolations about energy needs and fossil fuels or about population increases) was projected by health administrators, economists and politicians. In this scenario, ever-rising health costs were matched against static or
declining resources.
13
14
Reading Passage 3 has five sections A —E .
Choose the correct heading for section A and C —E from the list of headings below . W rite the correct number i —viii in the boxes 28—31 on your answer sheet.
i The connection between health-care and other human rights
ii The development of market-based health systems
iii The role of the state in health-care
iv A problem shared by every economically developed country
v The impact of recent change
vi The views of the medical establishment
vii
The end of an illusion viii
Sustainable economic development
28 Section A
29 Section C
30 Section D
31 Section E
15
Classify the following as first occurring
A between 1945 and 1950
B between 1950 and 1980
C after 1980
W rite the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 32—35 on your answer sheet.
32 the realization that the resources of the national health systems were limited.
33 a sharp rise in the cost of healthcare
34 a belief that all the health-care resources the community needed would be produced by economic growth
35 an acceptance of the role of the state in guaranteeing the provision of health-care Questions 36—40
Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 36—40 on your answer sheet write
YES if the statement agrees with the views of the writer
NO if the statement contradicts the views of the writer
NOT GIVEN if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
36 Personal liberty and independence have never been regarded as directly
linked to health-care.
37 Health-care came to be seen as a right at about the same time that the limits
of health-care resources became evident.
38 In OECD countries population changes have had an impact on health-care
costs in recent years.
39 OECD governments have consistently underestimated the level of
health-care provision needed.
40 In most economically developed countries the elderly will have to make
special provision for their health-care in the future.
16
《春秋故事》阅读测试 题及答案 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4815090332.html,work Information Technology Company.2020YEAR
《春秋故事》阅读测试题及答案 一、判断题 1.褒姒是褒珦的亲生女儿。（×）订正：不是亲生女儿，是买回来的丫环。 2.“暗箭伤人”是指颍考在人群中对准子都偷偷放了一箭，使得子都从城头摔下死亡。（×）订正：是子都偷偷向颍考放了一箭 3.“管鲍之交”中的两位主角在合伙做生意时，管出的本钱少，得利多；鲍出钱多，却得利少。即使这样，鲍并没有责怪管，而且理解和接受管的行为。（√） 4.“一鼓作气”中的将军曹刿等到齐兵响起二通鼓后，才下令出战，结果曹刿将军大胜而归。（×）订正：三通鼓后 ５．晋公子重耳即将回到晋国当国王，一下子变成了富贵人的作派，完全记住了曾经受过的苦，是狐毛让重耳重新“饱不忘饥”。（×）订正：是狐偃６．“放虎归山”是指晋襄公在后母文赢的建议下，放了战败的秦国的俘虏孟明视、西乞术、白乙丙等人，后来晋国却被这三人所打败。（√） 二、选择题 1.“兄弟相残”这个成语中的兄弟是谁（A） A寤生段B郑庄公寤生 C郑庄公段 2.“仙鹤驾车”这个故事中，原先谁一心养仙鹤，不打理朝政，也没把心思放在治国上。后来，虽改过自新，但为时已晚，还是被北狄所杀。（B） A郑庄公B卫懿公 C卫文公 3.“唇亡齿寒”也称“唇齿相依，唇亡齿寒”。“唇”和“齿”是指哪两个国家？ A虢国虞国B晋国虢国C虞国晋国 4.秦国用“五张羊皮”换来的一个奴隶，这个奴隶是谁？ A蹇步B百里溪C孟明视 ５．“退避三舍”是指晋公子重耳为答谢楚成王，说如果将来晋国与楚国发生战争，晋国将主动后退三舍，以报答楚成王之恩，这里的三舍指什么？ A三间房子B九十里C舍弃三样东西 三、填空题 1.周幽王为博得褒姒一笑，开起了烽火戏诸侯的玩笑，并赏赐小人虢石父千金。这是故事的后来叫作（“千金一笑”）。 2.“管鲍之交”中的管是指（管仲），鲍是指（鲍牙叔）。 3.春秋时期，齐桓公应燕国请求，带兵打败了山戎国的侵犯；山戎国国王密卢逃到孤竹国请求救兵，管仲跟随齐桓公打败了孤竹国的援兵。在回国途中，因假向导引入迷谷，使齐军受困。管仲建议用一匹老马带路而化险为夷。这个故事后来被称作&——（老马识途）。 4.“桃园打鸟”的国王是晋国的（晋灵公），成天只知道玩。 5.“一鸣惊人”是指（楚庄王）在大夫申无畏的提醒下，下定决心，改革政治，调整人事，招兵买马，最后成为了一鸣惊人的春秋的霸主。
篇一：谈考试阅读答案 篇二：谈考试阅读答案 3.主持考试的人也是在受考验。 4.（1）形容骄傲自大，过低地评估对手。（2）流非常多汗。篇三：谈考试阅读答案 谈考试梁实秋①少年读书要考试，考试是人生苦事。 ②考试已经是苦事，而大都是在炎热的夏天举行，苦上加苦。我清晨起身，常见三面邻家都开着灯读书学习不停止；我出门散步，河畔田埂上也常见有三三两两的孩子们手不释卷。这都是一些好学之士么？也不尽然。我想其中有很大一部分是在临阵磨枪。曾听说有“读书乐”之说，而在考试之前把若干知识填进脑壳的那一段苦修，怕没有什么乐趣可言。 ③其实考试只是一种测验的性质，和量身高体重的意思差不多，事前无须恐惧，临事更无须张皇。考试的时候，把你知道的写出来，不知道的只好暂且搁置起来，如此而已。但是考试的后果太大了。万一名在孙山之外，那一份落第的滋味好生难受，其中有惭愧，有怨恨，有沮丧，有悔恨，见了人羞答答，而偏有人当面谈论这回事。这时节，人的笑脸都好像是含着讥讽，枝头鸟鸣都好像是在嘲弄，很少人能不觉得人生乏味。其后果还不止如此，这可能是生活上一大关键，眼看着别人春风得意，自己从此走向下坡。考试的后果太重大，所以大家都把考试看得很认真。其实考试的成绩，老早的就由自己平时读书时所决定了。 ④对于身受考试之苦的人，我是很同情的。受苦的不只是考生，主持考试的人也是在受考验。先说命题，出题目来难人，好像是最轻松不过，但也不是这样的。千目所视，千手所指，是不能掉以轻心的。大概出题目不能太僻，也不能太宽泛。假使考留学生，作文题目是《我出国留学的计划》，固然人人都可以诌出一篇来，但很可能有人早预备好一篇成稿，这样很难评分而不失公道。出题目要恰如其分，不空泛，不含糊，实在很难。在考生挥汗应考之前，命题的先生早已汗流浃背好几次了。再说阅卷，那也可以说是一种灾难。曾有人接连十二天阅卷之后，晕厥在地。阅卷百苦，还有一乐，荒谬而可笑的试卷常常可以使人笑倒，精神为之一振。我们不能不叹服，考生中真有富有想象力的奇才。最令人不愉快的卷子是字迹潦草的那一类，喻为涂鸦，还嫌太雅，简直是墨盒里的蜘蛛满纸爬！有人在宽宽的格子中写蝇头小字，也有人写一行字要占两行，有人全页涂抹，也有人只字未写。 ⑤有人挺艳羡美国大学不用入学考试。那种免试升学的办法是否适合我们的国情，是一个问题。据说考试是我们的国粹，考试到了科举可以说是登峰造极，三榜出身才是唯一正规的出路。至今，考试在我们的生活当中已成为不可缺少的一部分。英国的卡赖尔在他的《英雄与英雄崇拜》里曾特别提出，中国的考试制度，作为选拔人才的办法，实在太高明了。其要义之一是如何把优秀分子选拔出来放在社会的上层。平心而论，考试和选举一样，在想不出更好的办法之前，考试还是不可废的。我们现在所能做的，是如何改善考试的办法，要求其简化，要求其合理，不要让大家把考试看作是伤害身心的酷刑！ 12．从大的方面来看，选文写到的考试之苦分两个方面，请概况。（2分）13．品析选文第④段中画横线句子的表达效果。（2分）14．选文多处运用了举例论证，试举一例作简要分析。（2分）15．文中提到“其实考试的成绩，老早的就由自己平时读书时所决定了”“中国的考试制度，作为选拔人才的办法，实在太高明了”，针对这些说法，谈谈你是如何看待考试的。（2分） [1] 篇四：谈考试阅读答案 谈考试 梁实秋①少年读书要考试，考试是人生苦事。②考试已经是苦事，而大都是在炎热的夏天举
秘密★启用前 期末统一考试 语文 本试卷满分：150分；时间：150分钟；总成绩___________ 温馨提示：答题前，务必将自己的专业班级、姓名、考号填写在左密封内的相应位置上． 一、选择题（每题3分，共15分） 1、给下列加点字注音完全正确 ．．．．的一项是：（） A、青荇．（ｘíｎｇ）刁难．（ｎáｎ）请柬（ｊｉǎｎ）花蕊．（ｒｕǐ） B、徘徊．(ｈuí) 惆怅（ｃｈàｎｇ）积攒．（ｚàｎ）佳肴．（ｙáｏ） C、颠簸．（ｂǒ）誊．写（ｔéｎｇ）奢．华（ｓｈē）黯．淡（àｎ） D、契．约（ｑì）惊骇．（ｈàｉ）打盹．（ｄǔｎ）婀娜．（ｎà） 2、下列加点字字形完全正确 ．．．．的一组是（） A、清晰．朦胧．屋檐．笙萧．长蒿． B、翅磅．胸膛．感概．漂．缈洵．烂 C、淘．醉懊脑．犹．豫抑．制油腻． D、项链．寒伧．喘．气点缀．笼罩． 3、依次填入下列横线上的词语，最恰当的一组是（） ①由于摆脱了功利，田园山水诗人便有了一种恬静_______的心境。 ②为了适应干旱的环境，仙人掌最初的叶子如今已______成了针形。 ③美国白宫发言人10日反驳了民主党领导人_______布什在越战时期曾 经“擅离职守”的指责。 A、淡薄蜕化有关 B、淡薄退化关于 C、淡泊退化有关 D、淡泊蜕化关于 4、句中画横线词语使用不恰当 ．．．的是：（） A、日本军国主义者所发动的侵华战争给中国人民带来了深重的灾难， 可是日本文部省却别具匠心地一再修改日本中小学课本，掩盖战争罪 行。 B、学习成绩的提高得有个循序渐进的过程，想一口吃成个胖子，那是 不切实际的。 C、目前，一些厂商在广告上弄虚作假，对自己的产品大事渲染，以此 误导群众，骗取不义之财，这也是一种违法行为。 D、听到敲门声，我和妈妈不约而同地跑去开门。准是爸爸出差回来了！ 可开门一看，是查水表的王叔叔。 5、下面没有 ．．语病的一项是（） A、这时，全场所有人的眼睛都集中在那个身材魁梧的中年男子身上。 B、小李工作非常积极，总是提前上下班。 C、全厂职工听取并讨论了厂长关于改善经营管理的报告。 D、齐辉同学的这篇习作立意深刻，结构严谨，语言流畅，在全市作 文比赛中把它评为一等奖。 二、阅读下面的文字，完成文后的6-8题。（每小题3分，共9分） 日前，中华医学会召开了“慢性肝病药物治疗发展战略研讨会”，会上专家们达成共识：治疗肝病应强调“综合治疗”。 何为“综合治疗”？综合治疗指抗病毒、保护肝脏功能、改善症状、防止肝脏纤维化、调节免疫等。而在综合治疗中抗病毒是关键。那么，常用的抗病毒药物疗效如何？抗病毒又应如何进行下去呢？ 目前在肝脏治疗中公认的抗病毒药有干扰素、香云肝泰、泰尼肝维康等，这些药物都是经过多年的基础与临床研究证实有效的抗病毒药物，其疗效均在40%-98%左右（不存在100%的疗效）。干扰素是早期治疗乙型肝炎常用的抗病毒制剂，已经应用了20多年，它能阻止HBV复制，并促进Tc细胞的识别和杀伤效应，但是，在临床应用中发现不良反应较多，如早期会出现发烧、头痛、恶心等，用药一月左右，有的病人会出现消化道症状、皮肤过敏反应或精神症状，用药两月左右，有的病人会出现中途停止治疗的现象。 香云肝泰、泰尼肝维康是我国自主研制开发的新药，经过“九五”攻关近五年大样本的临床观察，证实其HbeAg和HBV-DNA的转阴率均较高。除了抗病毒作用外，有关研究还表明它具有抑制胶原活动度、防止肝纤维化、阻断肝细胞凋亡、稳定细胞膜、升高白细胞及调节免疫的作用。在应用中发现偶有病人会出现转氨酶升高的现象。但临床观察发现，这些病人转氨酶下降后，症状往往有较明显改善，其原因正在进一步研究中。该药价格为进口干扰素的1/10左右，比较易被患者接受。 拉米夫定能抑制乙型肝炎病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒的逆转录酶的活性，能改善症状，病人对其耐受性较好。但是，其主要问题是反弹。因为其作用机理是抑制HBV，停药后病毒复制仍可恢复，从而出现反跳现象。此外，不少专家对其具有诱导病毒变异的负面作用表示担忧。他们认为，由此引起的耐药性增加，慢性肝炎重症化是摆在肝病医师面前的一个新问题。 因治疗肝病需坚持，面临多种药物的情况，病人在选择药物时应考虑抗病毒性、减少不良反应及经济负担问题，可考虑联合用药。有研究表明，干扰素与泰尼肝维康同用，可使抗病毒作用增强，而泰尼肝维康的升白作用又正好可
Passage 1 CBBCC If you have a chance to go to Finland, you will probably be surprised to find how “foolish” the Finnish people are. Take the taxi drivers for example. Taxis in Finland are mostly high-class Benz with a fare of two US dollars a kilometer. You can go anywhere in one, tell the driver to drop you at any place, say that you have some business to attend to, and then walk off without paying your fare. The driver would not show the least sign of anxiety. The dining rooms in all big hotels not only serve their guests, but also serve outside diners. Hotel guests have their meals free, so they naturally go to the free dining rooms to have their meals. The most they would do to show their good faith is to wave their registration card to the waiter. With such a loose check, you can easily use any old registration card to take a couple of friends to dine free of charge. The Finnish workers are paid by the hour. They are very much on their own as soon as they have agreed with the boss on the rate. From then on they just say how many hours they have worked and they will be paid accordingly. With so many loopholes(漏洞) in everyday life, surely Finland must be a heaven to those who love to take “petty advantages”. But the strange thing is, all the taxi passengers would always come back to pay their fare after they have attended to their business; not a single outsider has ever been found in the free hotel dining rooms. And workers always give an honest account of the exact hours they put in. As the Finns always act on good faith in everything they do, living in such a society has turned everyone into a real “gentleman”. In a society of such high moral practice, what need is there for people to be on guard against others? 1. While taking a taxi in Finland, _____ A. a passenger can go anywhere without having to pay the driver B. a passenger pays two US dollars for a taxi ride C. a passenger can never be turned down by the taxi driver wherever he wants to go D. a passenger needs to provide good faith demonstration before they leave without paying 2. We know from the passage that big hotels in Finland_____ A. provide meal for only those who live in the hotels B. provide meals for any diners C. provide free wine and charge for food D. are mostly poorly managed 3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. The workers in Finland are paid by the hour. B. The bosses in Finland are too busy to check the working hours of their employees. C. The workers are always honest with their working hours. D. The workers and their bosses will make an agreement in advance about the pay. 4. The word “those” in the last paragraph probably refers to _____ A. people who often take taxis B. people who often have meals in big hotels C. people who are dishonest D. people who are worthy of trust
2020年托业考试(TOEIC)阅读高频词汇（一） adjust—— To change so as to match or fit; cause to correspond修改=alter To adjust (a garment) for a better fit 修改 adjoining—— Neighboring; contiguous接临的=neighboring adaptation—— Something， such as a device or mechanism，that is changed or changes so as to become suitable to a new or special application or situation改装=modification acute—— Extremely sharp or severe; intense强烈的 =intense Keenly perceptive or discerning; penetrating聪明的=sharp accustomed—— Being in the habit of习惯的=used to accumulate—— To gather or pile up; amass收集，堆集;积累=collect accompany—— To be or go with as a companion陪伴=travel with accompaniment—— Something， such as a situation， that accompanies something else; a concomitant伴随状况伴随发生的事物=attendant An accompanying thing or circumstance; a concomitant伴随物伴随的事物或情况;伴随物 accommodate—— To provide for; supply with提供住处;供应 =lodge To provide with temporary quarters， especially for sleeping提供住处 acclaimed—— To be praised enthusiastically and often publicly; applauded喝彩地，赞赏地=praised
《特殊的考试》阅读附答案 阅读文段《特殊的考试》，回答问题。 ①她是穷人家的女孩儿，父母举债供她读完大学，就在她刚刚走出校门的时候，积劳成疾的父亲查出患了肺癌。 ②子欲养而亲将不待，女孩儿欲哭无泪：工作尚无着落，家里一贫如洗，即便卖血，也凑不够住院费。医学院护理系毕业的她只能将父亲安顿在家里，叮嘱母亲悉心照料，然后到一家家医院去应聘。当走进那家蜚声医界的私立医院，再一次面对审视的目光时，她忍不住泪流满面。她哭着诉说了自己的困境，恳请能马上工作，拯救危在旦夕的父亲。女孩儿的孝心感动了院方，医院破例未经考试便留下了她，说是试用一个月。 ③女孩儿拼命地工作，只要能顺利通过试用，四千元的月薪不仅维系着父亲生的希望也是她美好未来的开端。她的勤恳努力终于赢得了信任，半个月后，护士长便分派她作高级病房的责任护士，独立承担一位肺癌患者的治疗护理。 ④执行医嘱时，女孩儿惊呆了，医生曾经给父亲开出的，就是这样一张相同的处方：一种进口的化疗药物，三百多元一支，每日一次静脉注射三支。女孩儿镇静地忙碌着，谁也看不出她心里掀起了怎样的惊涛骇浪：那种粉末状的药物溶入生理盐水后仍然是无色透明的，一瓶澄清的液体，谁也看不出配药前后的区别！然而治疗室内，只有她一个人。三支药紧紧地攥在女孩儿手里，她觉得那就是父亲的生命。只要她每天下班后回家执行化疗，她那慈爱的父亲，就有活下去的希望。而一切，都可以神不知鬼不觉。 ⑤女孩儿迅速地藏起了三支药，将生理盐水放入治疗盘，面色平静的将它端进了病房。“爸，护士给你换药来了。”陪护的是一位和她年龄相仿的女孩儿，一声轻唤，让她的心一颤：躺在床上的，也是命悬一线的父亲。“这种药有特效，用了它咱就好了。”温柔的声音在安慰着父亲。端着治疗盘的手微微地颤抖了，她就用颤抖的手，将输液管从滴空的药瓶内拔出来，插到了那瓶盐水里。只耽误一个疗程，她硬着心肠想，只要他们发现没有效果，马上会换另一种药物，反正病人有的是钱。 ⑥可是一回到治疗室，女孩儿就瘫坐在椅子上。她想象着接下来的场面：推开门，若无其事地走进值班室打开换衣柜，将三支药放在自己的手包里……突然就打了个寒噤，像是刚刚挣脱了一个可怕的梦，她清醒了，清醒地意识到：那段路每走一步，都将践踏自己清白的良心。 ⑦只是几分钟，却仿佛挣扎了一个世纪。女孩儿鼓足勇气叫来了护士长，嗫嚅着承认：“12床正在滴注的盐水里，我……我没有配药……”护士长绽开了一个欣喜的笑容：“真 的吗？你连这个经验都有呀？我正想提醒你呢，化疗之前，如果患者正在输液，必须用盐水冲净管中的残留药物。”没容女孩儿再说什么，护士长向她竖起了大拇指：“你真棒！” ⑧女孩儿的试用期就在那一天提前结束了，院方同她签订聘用合同的同时，还预支了半年工资让她给父亲治病。女孩儿欣喜若狂，热泪盈眶，向着决定她命运成全她孝心的人们，深深地鞠躬致谢！后来女孩儿才知道，那其实是一场特殊的考试。所有的一切都被护士长尽收眼底，只要那三支药放进手包，等着她的必将是被炒的命运。 ⑨慎独，那是一个人应具备的道德素养，因为有许许多多的时刻，监督着我们一举一动的，只有我们自己的良心。注：慎独，是古人的一种修养方法，指人独处时谨慎不苟。 1、整体感知选文，用简洁的语言概括选文的故事情节，写在下面的空白处。 试用→→坦白→ 2、选文第五段中划线的句子运用了哪种描写人物的方法？揭示了女孩儿怎样的内心世界？
九年级语文月考试题 （分值：150分时间：120分） 一、积累运用(26分) 1.下列加点字的注音全部正确的一项是(3分)( ) A.冠．冕(guān)亵．渎(xiè)禅．师(chán)强聒．不舍(guō) B.羡．慕(xiàn)惊骇．(hài)瞥．见(piē)根深蒂．固(tì) C.娉．婷(pīng)飘逸．(yì)摇曳．(yē)觥．筹交错(gōng) D.妖娆．(ráo)风骚．(sāo)环滁．(chú)浩浩汤．汤(tāng) 2.下列词语中没有错别字的一项是(3分)( ) A.旁鹜滔滔呢喃不二法门 B.秘抉妄想汲取一代天骄 C.宽宥濡养困厄李代桃疆 D.灰烬对弈毳衣鸠占鹊巢 3.下列句子中加点的成语使用无误的一项是(3分)( ) A.小明的爸爸对待别人总是彬彬有礼 ．．．．,很有绅士风度。 B.自从他迷恋上网络后,就每天孜孜不倦 ．．．．地坐在电脑前玩游戏。 C.我再三向他解释事情的原委,可他就是不听,真是不言而喻 ．．．．。 D.得到朋友的鼓励与支持,她勇敢地走向赛场,成为当天最耀眼的一颗明星,真是相． 得益彰 ．．．啊。 4.下列说法有误的一项是( )（3分） A.“唐宗宋祖，稍逊风骚”。风骚，原指《诗经》里的《国风》和《楚辞》里的《离骚》。 B.《我的叔叔于勒》是法国作家莫泊桑写的一篇短篇小说，体现了菲利普夫妇贪婪、自私、势力的性格特点，同时也体现了生存在社会底层小人物的辛酸。 C.初中阶段我们过的《藤野先生》《从百草园到三味书屋》《故乡》都收录在散文集《朝花夕拾》中。 D.《范进中举》中“世先生同在桑梓”，桑梓指家乡、故乡。古代，人们赞扬某人为家乡造福，往往用“功在桑梓”。 5.下列对病句的修改不正确的一项是 ( ) (3分) 1
Reading 1: This is Water 1. What’s the point of the fish story? The immediate point of the fish story is that the most obvious, ubiquitous, important realities are often the ones that are the hard est to see and talk about. 2. What is our natural default-setting, according to Wallace? Do you agree with him? If yes, give examples; if no, exampl es too, please. I am the absolute center of the universe, the real est, most vivid and important person in existence. Yes, I do. The worl d as you experience it is right there in front of you, or behind you, to the l eft or right of you, on your TV, or your monitor, or whatever. Other peopl e’s thoughts and feelings how to be communicated to you somehow, but your own are so immediate, urgent, real. 3. Is it possibl e for us to adjust our natural default-setting? If yes, how? And by the way, why should we adjust it? A: Yes, it is. We shoul d pay attention to what’s going on insid e me and stay alert and attentive instead of getting hypnotized by the constant monologue insid e your own head. what’s more, we shoul d l earn how to Think and how to d ecid e.The reason why shoul d we adjust it is that thinking in the way of d efault-setting that we experience the boring, frustrating, crowed parts of adult life. B: Yes, it is. Learning how to think------Learning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience. If we d on’t adjust it, we will be total ly nosed. 4. What does it mean by ‘learn ing how to think’? And what is the justifiable way to think? Learning how to think really means l earning how to exercise some control over how and what you think. It means being conscious and aware enough to choose what you pay attention to and to choose how you construct meaning from experience. 5. What is the meaning of college education? Do you agree? If yes, further explains please, if no, define your meaning of college education and further illustrate it. Coll ege education is that it enabl es my tend ency to over-intell ectualize stuff, to get l ost in abstract argument insid e our head instead of simply paying attention to what’s going on right in front of us.
2018年托业考试(TOEIC)阅读试题及答案 1.The factory must be torn down because it is not allowed in _______ area. A) residential B) remote C) risky D) ridiculous 这工厂必须拆除，因为在住宅区禁设工厂。 答案: residential 2.The cowboy looked ________ in that strange-looking hat. A) residential B) remote C) risky D) ridiculous 那位牛仟戴着怪模怪样的帽子，看起来很可笑。 答案: ridiculous 3. It's too ______ to do the bungee jumping from the cliff. A) residential B) remote C) risky D) ridiculous 从悬崖上做高空弹跳太冒险了。 答案: risky 4.Don't believe him. What he said just now was _______. A) sacred B) rubbish C) secret D) satisfied 不要相信他。他刚刚说的都是废话。 答案: rubbish 5. Both the Bible and the Koran are regarded as ________ books. A) sacred B) rubbish C) secret D) satisfied 「圣经」与「可兰经」都被视为圣书。 答案: sacred
《宝葫芦的秘密》 1、《宝葫芦的秘密》中，王葆是做什么的？（ C ） A．幼儿园的小朋友 B．画家 C．少先队员 D．科学家 2、宝葫芦是在哪儿出现的? （ C ） A．森林里 B．山洞里 C．河里 D．路上 3、《宝葫芦的秘密》中，王葆得到宝葫芦后第一个愿望是（ B ） A．变出房子 B．变出鱼 C．变出熏鱼 D．变出卤蛋 4、《宝葫芦的秘密》中，郑小登是谁？（ A ） A．王葆的好朋友 B．班级的组长 C．班级的班长 D．王葆的邻居 5、《宝葫芦的秘密》中，我们的生物学老师是（ B ） A．王老师 B．李老师 C．张老师 D．顾老师 6、王葆参加了什么小组？（ D ） A．美术小组 B．舞蹈小组 C．书法小组 D．科学小组 7、王葆对什么很感兴趣？（ B ） A．植物 B．鱼类 C．画画 D．音乐 8、什么鱼和王葆说话了？（ C ） A．鲫鱼 B．鲤鱼 C．金鱼 D．鲨鱼 9、王葆有哪些亲人？（ A ） A．奶奶爸爸妈妈 B．爷爷爸爸妈妈 C．姐姐爸爸妈妈 D．弟弟爸爸妈妈 10、王葆去找图书馆小组的同学借《科学画报》时，《科学画报》被谁借走了？（ B ）A．苏鸣凤 B．萧泯生 C．姚俊 D．郑小基 11、即使《科学画报》还回来，也轮不到王葆，因为已经有5个人预约了，第一个预约的是谁？（ A ） A．苏鸣凤 B．萧泯生 C．姚俊 D．郑小基 12、《宝葫芦的秘密》中，《科学画报》是谁捐给班级图书馆的？（ B ） A．苏鸣凤 B．王葆 C．姚俊 D．郑小基 13、借书人把《科学画报》还回来了，可是同学们却怎么找也找不到，它到哪儿去了？（ C ）A．窗台上 B．校医室 C．王葆的书包里 D．郑小基的书包里 14、姚俊和王葆下棋，姚俊的“马”突然不见了，怎么回事？（ B ） A．掉到地上了 B．跑到王葆嘴里了 C．在姚俊的口袋里 D．变没有了 15、王葆在路上撞见杨栓儿，杨栓儿认为王葆的各种好东西是怎么来的？（ D ） A．宝葫芦变出来的 B．王葆买的 C．别人送的 D．王葆偷的 16、王葆在电影院时播放的电影叫什么名字？（ C ） A．黑猫警长 B．葫芦兄弟 C．花果山 D．机器猫 17、王葆从电影院回到家时被什么东西给绊倒了？（ A ） A．自行车 B．凳子 C．绳子 D．玩具 18、王葆在电影院里落下了什么东西？（ D ） A．游戏机 B．书包 C．铅笔盒 D．望远镜和两本新书 19、王葆在电影院里碰到了那个人？（ A ） A．老大姐 B．老师 C．爸爸 D．妈妈 20、在数学考试时宝葫芦把谁的卷子变到了王葆手里？（ A ） A．苏鸣风 B．郑小凳 C．杨拴 D．萧泯生
一、积累与运用（25分）（1—6题每题3分，7题每空1分） 1.（3分）下列词语加点字的注音和书写完全正确的一项是（） A.荫．庇（yīn）诡秘．（mì）相濡．以沫（rú） B.皴．裂（cūn）羼．水（chàn）周道如底．（d?） C.荣膺．（yīng）襁．褓（qiǎng）一代天骄．（jiāo） D.捯．气（dǎo）希冀．（jì）吹毛求疵．（cī) 2.（3分）对病句的修改不正确的一项是（） A.由于国际反捕鲸团体的坚决反对，使日本在南极海域的捕鲸活动被迫停止。 将“由于”删去。 B.在国际文化交流日益频繁的今天，我们更要全面继承和发挥中华文化传统美德。 把“发挥”和“继承”调换位置。 C.双休日里，大家去郊游时一定要注意交通安全，防止不要发生事故。 删去“不要”。 D.环保事件之所以经常性的频频发生，有专家分析认为，主要是由于一些 地方政府单纯地依靠在规模投入获取经济增长速度，使得资源消耗惊人，环境污染日益严重。 删去“经常性的”。 3.（3分）《水浒传》中人物和情节对应不正确的一项是（） A.武松——大闹飞云浦 B.李逵——大闹江桃花村 C.花荣——大闹清风寨 D.九纹龙——大闹史家村 4.（3分）对下面这首诗理解有误的一项是（） 白雪歌送武判官归京 岑参 北风卷地白草折，胡天八月即飞雪。忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开。 散入珠帘湿罗幕，狐裘不暖锦衾薄。将军角弓不得控，都护铁衣冷难着。 瀚海阑干百丈冰，愁云惨淡万里凝。中军置酒饮归客，胡琴琵琶与羌笛。 纷纷暮雪下辕门，风掣红旗冻不翻。轮台东门送君去，去时雪满天山路。 山回路转不见君，雪上空留马行处。 A.“北风卷地白草折，胡天八月即飞雪”一句，以新颖巧妙的构思的手法， 写出了边塞风光之奇，风狂雪早，给读者留下了极其深刻的印象。 B.“忽如一夜春风来，千树万树梨花开”一句，以北风喻春风，以雪花状 梨花，不但 使边塞风光披上一层绮丽的色彩，而且使送别环境充满了盎然的春意， 因而成为流传千古的名句。 C.“瀚海阑干百丈冰，愁云惨淡万里凝”两句是过渡性的，将视线又转向 “外景”，以百丈坚冰点缀大的环境，以万里愁云引出送别气氛。 D.“胡琴琵琶与羌笛”纯西域特色的乐器齐鸣，给边塞的军中宴饮增添了 几分苍凉悲壮的豪气。 5.（3分）下面情境中，语言表达最准确、得体的一项是（） 【情境】临近中考，小明同学有些烦躁紧张，想在课余时间去踢足球 放松一下。他把想法告诉了好友小刚，小刚担心他踢足球时意外受伤影响 中考，小刚对小明说： A.现在到了冲刺的阶段，你上课时间就不要去踢足球了，我们还是把精力都用到 学习上吧。 B.我才发现你这么蠢，这时候还踢足球，万一把腿摔折了，不能参加中考，这辈 子就完了。 C.你笨手笨脚的，就不要踢足球了，免得被别人笑话，不如去网吧打游戏，那还 2018-2019年度上学期虹桥中学初四学年9月月考测试题（语文） 出题人：李春玉审题人：刘洪 名 级 号 场
阅读理解测试题及答案经典 一、一年级语文上册阅读理解练习 1．看图，和大人一起读《如果我有很长很长的尾巴》，再完成练习。 尾巴呀尾巴，如果我有一条很长很长的尾巴…… 就可以帮河马哥哥拔掉那颗又疼又讨厌的蛀牙。 尾巴呀尾巴，如果我有一条很长很长的尾巴…… 就可以帮鳄鱼宝宝量量它那越来越大的个头儿了。 尾巴呀尾巴，如果我有一条很长很长的尾巴…… 就可以穿一只长长的传声筒，让高高的长颈鹿姐姐和大伙儿聊天啦! 尾巴呀尾巴，如果我有一条很长很长的尾巴…… 就可以钓条大大的鱼儿请小伙伴吃美餐啦! 尾巴呀尾巴，如果我有一条很长很长的尾巴…… 就可以一边倒立，一边放风筝喽! 嘿嘿，快瞧，我的风筝飞得最棒啦！ （1）小老鼠如果有一条很长很长的尾巴，它可以做哪些事呢?根据文章内容连一连。 帮河马哥哥________ 量个头儿 帮鳄鱼宝宝________ 和大伙儿聊天 帮长颈鹿姐姐________ 拔掉蛀牙 （2）如果你也有一条很长很长的尾巴，你会干什么呢?和大人一起说一说，再仿照文中的句子写下来。 【答案】（1）拔掉蛀牙；量个头儿；和大伙儿聊天 （2）尾巴呀尾巴，如果我有一条很长很长的尾巴……就可以在森林里自由地荡秋千啦! 【考点】句子排序、仿写，课文内容理解，诗 【解析】 2．阅读下面的小短文，回答问题。四个太阳 我画了个绿色的太阳，照着夏天。高山、田野、大马路，到处一片清凉。 我画了个金黄的太阳，送给秋天。果园里，果子熟了。金黄的落叶忙着邀请小伙伴，尝尝水果的香甜。 我画了个红红的太阳，挂在冬天，温暖着娃娃们冻僵的手和脸。 春天，春天的太阳该画什么颜色？噢，画个彩色的。春天，是最美的季节。 （1）读读看，在作者笔下四季的太阳分别是什么颜色的？为什么？ 冬天的太阳是________色的，因为________ 秋天的太阳是________色的，因为________ 夏天的太阳是________色的，因为________
SAMPLE TOEIC Form ST-05 Read the directions on the back cover. Do not break the seal until you are told to do so. This test book and the answer sheet must be handed in separately as instructed at the end of the test. Copyright?2006by Educational Testing Service.All rights reserved. ETS,the ETS logo,and TOEIC are registered trademarks of Educational Testing Service.
Statement (C), “They’re standing near the table,” is the best description of the picture, so you should select answer (C) and mark it on your answer sheet. 2
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You will hear: Where is the meeting room? You will also hear: (A) To meet the new director. 11.Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 12.Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 13.Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 14.Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 15.Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 16.Mark your answer on your answer sheet. 4
谈考试 梁启超 ①少年读书要考试,考试是人生苦事。 ②考试已经是苦事,而大都是在炎热的夏天举行,苦上加苦。我清晨起身,常见三面邻家都开着灯读书学习不停止;我出门散步,河畔田埂上也常见有三三两两的孩子们手 不释卷。这都是一些好学之士么?也不尽然。我想其中有很大一部分是在临阵磨枪。曾听说有“读书乐”之说,而在考试之前把若干知识填进脑壳的那一段苦修,怕没有 什么乐趣可言。 ③其实考试只是一种测验的性质,和量身高体重的意思差不多,事前无须恐惧,临事 更无须张皇。考试的时候,把你知道的写出来,不知道的只好暂且搁置起来,如此而已。但是考试的后果太大了。万一名在孙山之外,那一份落第的滋味好生难受,其中有惭愧,有怨恨,有沮丧,有悔恨,见了人羞答答,而偏有人当面谈论这回事。这时节,人的笑 脸都好像是含着讥讽,枝头鸟鸣都好像是在嘲弄,很少人能不觉得人生乏味。其后果 还不止如此,这可能是生活上一大关键,眼看着别人春风得意,自己从此走向下坡。考试的后果太重大,所以大家都把考试看得很认真。其实考试的成绩,老早的就由自己 平时读书时所决定了。 ④对于身受考试之苦的人,我是很同情的。受苦的不只是考生,主持考试的人也是在 受考验。先说命题,出题目来难人,好像是最轻松不过,但也不是这样的。千目所视, 千手所指,是不能掉以轻心的。大概出题目不能太僻,也不能太宽泛。假使考留学生,作文题目是“我出国留学的计划”,固然人人都可以诌出一篇来,但很可能有人早预 备好一篇成稿,这样很难评分而不失公道。出题目要恰如其分,不空泛,不含糊,实在很难。在考生挥汗应考之前,命题的先生早已汗流浃背好几次了。再说阅卷,那也可以 说是一种灾难。曾有人接连十二天阅卷之后,晕厥在地。阅卷百苦,还有一乐,荒谬而可笑的试卷常常可以使人笑倒,精神为之一振。我们不能不叹服,考生中真有富有想 象力的奇才。最令人不愉快的卷子是字迹潦草的那一类,喻为涂鸦,还嫌太雅,简直是墨盒里的蜘蛛满纸爬!有人在宽宽的格子中写蝇头小字,也有人写一行字要占两行, 有人全页涂抹,也有人只字未写。 ⑤有人挺艳羡美国大学不用入学考试。那种免试升学的办法是否适合我们的国情, 是一个问题。据说考试是我们的国粹,考试到了科举可以说是登峰造极,三榜出身才 是唯一正规的出路。至今,考试在我们的生活当中已成为不可缺少的一部分。英国 的卡赖尔在他的《英雄与英雄崇拜》里曾特别提出,中国的考试制度,作为选拔人才的办法,实在太高明了。其要义之一是如何把优秀分子选拔出来放在社会的上层。 平心而论,考试和选举一样,在想不出更好的办法之前,考试还是不可废的。我们现在所能做的,是如何改善考试的办法,要求其简化,要求其合理,不要让大家把考试看作 是伤害身心的酷刑! (有删改) 从大的方面来看,选文写到的考试之苦分两个方面,请概括。 品析选文第④段中画横线句子的表达效果。 选文多处运用了举例论证,试举一例作简要分析。