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指示代词的用法讲解

指示代词的用法讲解
指示代词的用法讲解

1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

单数复数

限定词:This girl is Mary.Those men are myteachers.

代词:This is Mary.Those are my teachers.

2)指示代词的句法功能;

a.作主语

This is the way to do it.

这事儿就该这样做。

b.作宾语

I like this better than that.

我喜欢这个甚至那个。

c.作主语补语

My point is this.

我的观点就是如此。

d.作介词宾语

I don’t say no to that.

我并未拒绝那个。

There is no fear of that.

那并不可怕。

说明1:

指示代词在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人,例如:

(对)That is my teacher.那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)(对)He is going to marry this girl.他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is going to marry this.(this作宾语时不能指人)(对)I bought this.我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

说明2:

That和those可作定语从句的先行词,但this和these不能,同时,在作先行词时,只有those可指人,试比较:

(对)He admired that which looked beautiful.他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对)He admired those who looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错)He admired that who danced well.(that作宾语时不能指人)(对)Headmiredthosewhodancedwell.他赞赏跳舞好的人。(those指人)

(对)He admired those which looked beautiful.他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。(those指物)

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“Listen. Someone is crying.” “Oh, it must be Mary.” “听,有人在哭。”“噢,一定是玛丽。” Someone must have been here. But we have no idea who it was. 一定有人来过,但我们不知道是谁。 5. 指人时与he和she的区别 当it用于指人时,主要用于确定未知的或者是身份不明的人,若 是指已知的或身份明确的人,则应根据情况使用he或she。比较: I hear a knock at the door. It must be the postman. 我听 见有人在敲门,一定是邮递员来了。 Jim is at the door. He wants to see you. 吉姆在门口,他想 见你。 A tall man stood up and shook hands with her. It was the general manager. 一个高个子站起来同她握了手,他是总经理。 The general manager just called. He told us to wait for him at the gate. 总经理刚来过电话,他叫我们在门口等他。 6. 指物时与one的区别 两者均可代替前面提到的事物,区别是:it指的是与前面已提到 的事物为同一物,此时的it等于“the (this, that, my...)+名词”;而one 指的是与前面已提到的事物为同一类物,此时的one等于“a+ 名词”。比较: I have a dictionary but I’ve lent it to Mary. 我有一本词典,但把它借给玛丽了。 I haven’t a dictionary; can you lend me one? 我没有词典,你能借我一本吗?

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(2)反身代词和某些动词连有,构成固定短语。 enjoy oneself, feel oneself, make oneself at home, make oneself understood adapt oneself to seat oneself devote oneself to sth 4.指示代词(this, that , these, those, such, ) (1)为了避免重复,常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。 The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing. The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox. (2)such和same的用法。 (i). such指“这样的”人或事,在句中作主语。 Such was the story. Such was Einstein, a simple man of great achievement. (ii) such 修饰名词,做定语 I didn't expect to meet such great trouble in the work. 这家店出售手套,帽子和运动鞋之类的东西。______________________. We have never seen such a tall building..=so tall a building 5、疑问代词(who,whom,which,what,whose) (1)疑问代词与介词的连用 To whom did he give the message? 你为谁买的蓝西装?________________________ 6、不定代词 (1)some与any (都有代词的名词和形容词用法),anyone, anybody i)一般用法:some、any可与单、复数可数名词及不可数名词连有。some一般用于肯定句,any多用于疑问、否定或条件句。 He has some Chinese paintings. Do you have any questions to ask?

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