2013届高考英语阅读理解专题二推理判断题
启东市汇龙中学姚莉莉
Teaching aims：Enable students to make some judgment according to reading strategies Teaching key and difficult points: How to infer properly according to information in the passage Teaching procedures:
Step1:Lead-in
讲解前提测评
Passage A
A rainforest is an area covered by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading quite equally through the year and the temperature rarely dipping below l6℃．Rainforests have a great effect on the world environment because they can take in heat from the sun and adjust the climate．Without the forest cover，these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere，warming the rest of the world. Losing the rainforests may also influence wind and rainfall patterns，potentially causing certain natural disasters all over the world．
In the past hundred years，humans have begun destroying rainforests in search of three major resources：land for crops，wood for paper and other products，land for raising farm animals．This action affects the environment as a whole．For example，a lot of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳)in the air comes from burning the rainforests．People obviously have a need for the resources we gain from cutting trees but we will suffer much more than we will benefit.
There are two main reasons for this．Firstly，when people cut down trees，generally they can only use the land for a year or two．Secondly，cutting large sections of rainforests may provide a good supply of wood right now，but in the long run it actually reduces the world’s wood suppl y．Rainforests are often called the world’s drug store．More than 25％of the medicines we use today come from plants in rainforests．However，fewer than l％of rainforest plants have been examined for their medical value．It is extremely likely that our best chance to cure diseases lies somewhere in the world’s shrinking rainforests．
1.Rainforests can help to adjust the climate because they ．
A．reflect more heat into the atmosphere
B．bring about high rainfall throughout the world
C．rarely cause the temperature to drop lower than l6℃
D．reduce the effect of heat from the sun on the earth
2.What does the word “this” underlined in the third paragraph refer to?
A．We will lose much more than we can gain．
B．Humans have begun destroying rainforests．
C．People have a strong desire for resources．
D．Much carbon dioxide comes from burning rainforests．
3.It can be inferred from the text that__________.
A．we can get enough resources without rainforests
B．there is great medicine potential in rainforests
C．we will grow fewer kinds of crops in the gained land
D．the level of annual rainfall affects wind patterns
4.What might be the best title for the text?
A．How to Save Rainforests B．How to Protect Nature
C．Rainforests and the Environment D．Rainforests and Medical Development
Passage B
A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”. This idea is da ngerous.
Science can be a force for evil as well as for good. Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions. The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science. But here is a real danger. Science is advancing so fast and is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference. And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing.
Some people go even further. They say that despite the moral and legal objections(反对), whatever is scientifically possible will be done-somewhere , sometime. They believe that science will get out of control in the end. This belief is dangerous too, because it fuels a sense of hopelessness and discourages then from making efforts to build a safer world.
In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and out of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science. Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough. Take human cloning for example. Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact(影响) on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques. The outcomes are hard to predict.
Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies. Only through the untied efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future.
1. What can we conclude from the recent study?
A. People think highly of science.
B. People hold mixed opinions about science.
C. Science is getting dangerously out of control.
D. Science is used for both good and bad purposes.
2. According to the passage , what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?
A. The development of science will hopelessly slow down.
B. Businesses will have even greater influence on science.
C. The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future.
D. People will work more actively to put science under control.
3. The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because_______
A. scientists have failed to predict the outcomes
B. the ties between different areas need strengthening
C. united efforts are necessary for the development of science
D. people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Science and its applications bring us many dangers.
B. The development of science mostly lies in people's attitudes.
C. Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts.
D. The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas.
Step2 Presentation
《高中英语课程标准》对于高考中阅读理解部分的要求
1、找出作者要传达的主要信息；辨识内涵的主旨或观念——主旨大意及态度意图
2、对事实和证据进行评价和判断；根据文中提供的事实和证据得出结论；辨识语篇中的思路发展和逻辑关系；进行逻辑推断——推理判断及词义猜测
3、按要求辨认语言结构、内容、事物发展顺序和程序——排序：
4、辨认、辨识、比较事实、证据和观点，以及定义和假设等信息——细节理解
一、阅读理解推理判断题解题技巧
1. 首先要抓住文章的主题和细节，整合与题目有关的有效信息，分析文章的结构，根据上下文的内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义。在进行推理时，需仔细阅读文章，不能脱离原文而凭借个人的看法或主观臆断来取代作者的观点。要求学生既能懂得独立句子的意义，又能了解句群之间的逻辑关系，并通过一定的推理判断，结合常识及社会生活经验，从而最终领会文章写作目的或意图所隐含的意思。
2. 其次，对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机，事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图要进行合乎逻辑的分析、推理、判断，抓住材料实质性的东西。
3.在解此类题目时，常见的错误类型有：(1) 主观臆断代替合理的判断推理。此类题目的正确答案往往无法从文中直接找到，但文中一般会提供支持此推理判断的依据，所以脱离文章的主题、具体的语境来进行写作目的或意图的判断最易导致主观臆断。(2) 以事实代替推理。推理要求选项不能是文中明明白白展示的观点或细节，这是文章提供的事实，推理只能是隐含的，通过思维整理得出的深层内涵或结论。(3) 推断不合理。依据材料所给的内容来推理判断是解题的一大关键，但有些学生对文章分析不透，结果逻辑推理不合理，导致错误。
(4) 以自己的观点代替作者的观点。
二、题型特点与命题方式
这类题属于层次较高的设题。判断题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。它包括判断题和推理题。判断题考查学生在理解文章的基础上，对不同观点进行评价和判断的能力。推理题考查学生由文章的字面信息推出未知信息或隐含信息的能力。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。推理题要求在理解原文表面文字信息的基础上，作出一定判断和推论，从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话，也可能是某几句话，但做题的指导思想都是以文字信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理，也不能根据表面文字信息作多步推理。所以，推理题的答案只能是根据原文表面文字信息一步推出的答案：即对原文某一句话或某几句话所作的同义改写(paraphrase)或综合。题目数量分布均匀，并且设题时往往和事实细节相连。
常见的题干类型：
1. It can be inferred from the text that...
2. The paragraph following (before) the passage will most probably be …
3. The writer’s attitude is…
4. The author implied (suggested) that …
5. We can conclude from the passage that…
6. What is the tone of the author?
7. The passage is intended to…
8. We can learn from the text that
三、解题思路
解题思考时应注意以下几点：
1. 判断有据，推论有理，忠实原文。切忌用自己的观点代替作者的本意。
2. 全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。
3. 善于揣摩作者思路，尽可能与作者的思路吻合。
4. 不可直接选取文中的原句或对文中作字面解释。
四、应试技巧
1. 如果是对某段内容进行推断，那么只须看题干要求的段落即可。
Exchange a glance with someone，then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? Hold the glance for a second longer，and you have made a different statement.
Hold it for 3 seconds，and the meaning has changed again.
It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________．
A. every glance has its significance
B. staring at a person is an expression of interest
C. a gaze longer than 3 seconds is unacceptable
D. a glance conveys more meaning than words
2. 选项措词过于绝对化的，一般不是答案项。
I recently visited a great little college in New York where the campus has doubled its
minority population in the last six years. I talked with an African American who has been a professor there for a long time，and she remembers that when she first joined the community，there were fewer than a handful of minorities on campus. Now，all of us feel the university is better because of the diversity.
It can be inferred from the Passage that ________．
A. minorities can only enter the fields where no debate is heard about diversity
B. American political circles will not accept diversity
C. it is unlikely that diversity will occur in the US media
D. diversity can result in better management
3. 弄清主题意思。在处理与全文主旨有关的题，或处理与文章首尾有关的推论题时，
一定要放慢速度将各段，尤其是全文首尾句意读懂，再快速阅读其他部分。
You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of us. Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements，conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly，money，growing old，sickness，deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human beings. But some people are able to make it，to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences，while others collapse or have an N．B.D. Those who recognize problems as a human condition and don't measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know；also，the most rare.
In this paragraph，the author tells us that ________．
A. difficulties are but part of everyone's life
B. depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in life
C. everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstances
D. good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence
4.掌握关键信息，尤其是与题目密切相关的内容
Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it.
It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应).
According to the author, which of the following statements is true?
A. Crying is the best way to get help from others.
B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems.
C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry.
D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure
5.了解作者出题意图，注意问句的内容与侧重点
Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the W ave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said.
The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to ______.
A. test the readers’ knowledge about waves
B. draw the readers’ attention to the topic
C. show Jamie Taylor’s importance
D. invite the readers to answer them
Step3.Evaluation
当堂反馈
Passage1 (2011 课标-全国Ⅰ，A)
When milk arrived on the doorstep
When I was a boy growing up in New Jersey in the 1960s, we had a milkman delivering milk to our doorstep. His name was Mr. Basille. He wore a white cap and drove a white truck. As a 5-year-old boy, I couldn't take my eyes off the coin changer fixed to his belt. He noticed this one day during a delivery and gave me a quarter out of his coin changer.
Of course, he delivered more than milk. There was cheese, eggs and so on. If we needed to change our order, my mother would pen a note －“Please add a bottle of buttermilk next delivery”－and place it in the box along with the empty bottles. And then, the buttermilk would magically appear.
All of this was about more than convenience. There existed a close relationship between families and their milkmen. Mr. Basille even had a key to our house, for those times when it was so cold outside that we put the box indoors, so that the milk wouldn't freeze. And I remember Mr.Basille from time to time taking a break at our kitchen table, having a cup of tea and telling stories about his delivery.
There is sadly no home milk delivery today. Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk, thus making it difficult for milkmen to compete. Besides, milk is for sale everywhere, and it may just not have been practical to have a delivery service.
Recently, an old milk box in the countryside I saw brought back my childhood memories. I took it home and planted it on the back porch (门廊). Every so often my son's friends will ask what it is. So I start telling stories of my boyhood, and of the milkman who brought us friendship along with his milk.
1．What can be inferred from the fact that the milkman had the key to the boy's house?
A．He wanted to have tea there.
B．He was treated as a family member.
C．He was a respectable person.
D．He was fully trusted by the family.
2．Why does home milk delivery no longer exist?
A．Nobody wants to be a milkman now.
B．It has been driven out of the market.
C．Its service is getting poor.
D．It is forbidden by law.
Passage2(2011年北京高考)
“I Went Skydiving at 84!”
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s, I always wanted to fly a plane, but back then it was almost unheard of a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2001,when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. But the experience turned out to be very dull. Around that time, I told my husband that I wanted to skydive. So when our retirement community(社区) announced that they were having an essay competition and the topic was an experience of a lifetime that you wanted to have, I decided to write about my dream. In the essay, I wrote about my desire to skydive, stating George Brush Sr. did it at age 80. Why not me? I was just 84 and in pretty good health. A year went by and I heard nothing. But then at a community party in late April 2009, they announced that I was one of the winners. I just couldn’t believe it.Inspired bu this, I decided to realize my dream,even though some of my family members and my doctor were against it.
One June 11, 2009, nearly 40 of my family and friends gathered in the area close to where I would land while I headed up in the airplane. My instructor, Jay, guided me through the experience. The plane was the noisiest one I had ever been in, but I wasn’t frig htened—I was really just looking forward to the experience. When we reached 13,000 feet, Jay instructed me to throw myself out of the plane. When we first hit the air, the wind was so strong that I could hardly breathe. For a second I thought, “What have I gotten myself into?” But then everything got calmer. We were in a free fall for about a minute before Jay opened the parachute(降落伞), then we just floated downward for about five minutes. Being up in the clouds and looking at the view below was unlike anything I have ever felt—much better than the hot air balloon. I was just enjoying it.
Skydiving was really one of the greatest experiences of my life. I hope other people will look at me and realize that you don’t stop living just because you are 84 years old. If there’s something you want to experience, look into it. If it’s something that is possible, make it happen.
1. The author mentioned George Bush Sr. in her essay to ________.
A. build up her own reputation
B. show her admiration for him
C. compare their health condition
D. make her argument persuasive
2.How did the author feel immediately after she jumped out of the plane?
A. Excited
B. Scared
C. Nervous
D. Regretful
Passage3（2011安徽高考）
George Prochnik would like the world to put a sock in it. He makes his case in a new book.Listening for meaning in itWorld of Noise.Here he explain himself (using his voice); “We’ve become so accustomed to noise,there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial,if you tell someone to be quiet ,you sound like an old man. But it’s never been important to find continuing quiet,Silence focuses us,improves our health,and is a key to lasting peace and satisfaction.”
“We need to excite peo ple about the sounds you start to hear, if you merely quiet things down a little,During a Japanese tea ceremony,the smallest sounds become a kind of art the spoons making a light ringing sound on a bowl, the edges of a kimono（和服）brushing against the floor.
“Deaf people are very attentive（专注的）in almost every aspect of life. If two deaf people are walking together,using sign language, they constantly watch out for each oher and protect each other by paying steady attention to the other.They are connected yet also fully aware of their surroundings,Even deaf teenagers! We in the hearing world can learn from them.If we remove the powerful blasts（一阵阵）of noise .we become aware of an extraordinarily rich world around us---of little soft sounds and the sound of footsteps,of bind songs and ice cracking（开裂声），it’s astonishing how beautiful things sou nd when you can really listen..”
1. What does Prochnik say about us?
A. We are used to quietness
B. We have to put up with noise
C. We do not think silence to be beneficial
D. We do not believe lasting peace to be available
2. Which of the following is true according to Prochnik?
A. We need more sounds in our lives
B. There isnothing to be learned from the deaf
C. We are not aware how rich the world around us is
D. There is too much noise at a Japanese tea ceremony
3. It can be inferred from the text that- .
A. we can benefit a lot from old people
B. it is a good idea to use sign language
C. there is no escape from the world of sound
D. it is possible to find how beautiful things sound
Step4 Homework ( 阅读理解专题训练)
高考阅读理解专题：推理判断题的解题技巧 推断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题，做这类题目时，考生要严格依据作者所陈述的细节、事实以及作者的措词、态度和语气，找出能够表露作者思想倾向和感情色彩的词句，然后利用自己已获得的相关知识进行推理判断，从而得出符合逻辑的结论。 近年的高考题中常出现以下五种推理判断题: 1. 这类题干中通常含有learn( ), infer( ), suggest( ), imply( ), conclude （）, indicate( )等标志性词语, 常见的提问方式有： 1)．We can know from the passage that ________． 2). We can infer from the (first/last) passage that ________． 3)．The passage/author implies/suggests that ______． 4)．It can be concluded from the passage that ________． 5)．The underlined sentence indicates that ________ 2. 解题技巧 ①针对细节推断: 在原文中找到相关的信息源--- 对具体内容分析-- 推理判断得出结论 实例1：Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called “the deathwatch beetle." 1. It can be inferred from the text that the sound of this beetle ________. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people. ②针对主题思想:以主题为核心----- 分析逻辑关系----- 得出结论 实例2：In the California study, children with TVs in their rooms but no computer at home scored the lowest while those with no bedroom TV but who had home computers scored the highest. While this study does not prove that bedroom TV sets caused the lower scores, it adds to accumulating findings that children shouldn’t have TVs in their bedrooms. 1. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs? A. More time should be spent on computers. B. Children should be forbidden to watch TV. C. TV sets shouldn't be allowed in children's bedrooms. D. Further studies on high-achieving students should be done. 1. 题干中通常含有attitude, view ,opinion,, in the author’s opinion/mind等标志性词语。提问方式: 1)．The author seems to be in favor of/against ______． 2)．The author may probably agree with/support ________． 3)．What's the author's opinion about...? 4)．In the author's opinion...?
专题07 阅读理解推理判断题 推理判断题主要考查学生根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等。推理判断题属于主观性较强的高层次阅读理解题。做这类题时，考生应在理解全文的基础上，从文章本身所提供的信息出发，运用逻辑思维，同时借助一定的常识进行分析、推理、判断。 提问整篇文章或某句某段的含蓄意思时，问句中都含有infer, imply, indicate, suggest (推断，暗指)等词。对付这类题时我们不仅要弄懂文章字面的意思，更重要的是要知道文章潜在的含义，和作者所给的提示。同时要对文章的含义和作者的暗示作合理的猜测和推论。关键是：意思要靠推断得出，而不是原文照搬。这就要把握住文章的主题思想和每段的内容；明确作者的观点及其写作该文的目的；分析文章里所给的有关信息；注意词汇在词典的定义和词典以外的含义；最后运用自己的知识进行由表及里的逻辑推理，挖出文章的伏笔，得出正确的推论。 这种问题的提问方式通常有： 1.From paragraph 4 we can infer that. / What can be inferred from the passage? / From the last paragraph we can infer that . 2.We can infer from the text that…/ What can we learn from…? / We can conclude from the passage that… 3.The last sentence of the first paragraph most probably implies that. 4.The author implies that by the year 2080, . 5.To solve the present social problems the author suggests that we should. 6.The author mentions the fact that…to show. 7. This passage would most likely be found in _________? 8.The author’s attitude toward …is _________? 9. The tone of the passage can best be described as _________? 这些提问方式的答案一般在短文中不可能直接找到，必须根据提问中的某些关键字眼与短文中相应的有关内容加以逻辑推理或演算，从而得出某些作者并未说明却已在字里行间所暗含的意思及观点。具体的说，考生应当注意以下几点： 1.首先要注意一定要忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知，遵循“词不离句，句不离段，段不离篇”的原则。千万不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替
行测判断推理：假言命题之矛盾命题答题技巧 在广州公务员考试行测判断推理中，有一类非常高频并且较难的考点，就是假言命题的矛盾命题。今天中公教育就来给大家分享一下，假言命题的矛盾命题在考试中如何体现又如何解。 一、思考： 如果明天天下雨，那无我们就放假。在什么情况下你会觉得我骗了你? 答案：明天天下雨了,我却没给你们放假。题干信息可以写成明天天下雨→我们放假(p→q)，觉得我欺骗你们的情况应该是：天下雨这件事情发生了，也就是放假的条件满足了，我却不给你们放假，即明天天下雨且我们不放假(p且非q) 规则：p→q的矛盾命题是p且非q 能力训练 1、判断下列命题间是否具有矛盾关系 “如果一只熊很饥饿，那么它是危险的”和“如果一只熊很饥饿，那么它不是危险的” 答案：不是。【中公解析】假言命题的矛盾命题是p且非q(联命题)，即p 发生，非q也发生才可以，而后面这个命题是一个假言命题，即p和非q发不发生并不知道。正确的矛盾命题应该是“一只熊很饥饿且它不是危险的” 二、应用： 1、直接考察
例：在接受了阻击敌人的任务后，连长斩钉截铁地说：只要我还活着，鬼子就休想跨过昆仑关。 以下哪项如果为真，则上述断定不成立? ①连长还在，鬼子跨过了昆仑关 ②连长牺牲了，但鬼子没能跨过昆仑关 ③连长牺牲了，鬼子跨过了昆仑关 A.只有① B.只有② C. ①和② D.①和③ 答案：A。【中公解析】由问法：哪项为真，上述断定不成立，即考察一真一假的问题，就需要大家能看出考察的是假言命题的矛盾命题。可以把题干信息写成“连长活着→鬼子不跨过昆仑关”矛盾命题即为“连长活着且鬼子跨过了昆仑关”，所以只有①，答案选择A 2、真假话问题 例：某机关年终考核时，群众对周、吴、郑、王四位处长的考核结果有多种说法，其中，只有一种说法是正确的。①如果周处长考核优秀，那么吴处长考核也优秀;②考核优秀者是郑处长;③考核优秀者是周处长，但吴处长考核不是优秀; ④考核优秀者是周处长或王处长 以下哪项一定为真? A.① B.② C.③ D.④ 答案：A。【中公解析】整理题干信息：①周√→吴√②郑√③周√且吴×④周√或王√并且一直四句话中只有一句是真的。观察四个信息发现①和③是一对矛盾命题，即一真一假，而又已知只有一个只真的，所以可以知道②和④是假的。
For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use 图形推理中折叠图形的解题原理分析 解题思路：通过平面图形的性质来分析立体图形空间特征。图形折叠后的性质很多是可以从平面图形中直接反映出来的，比如哪些面必然是对立的，哪些面必然是相邻的，每个面上直线的方向等。 解题方法：排除法。利用平面图形的性质可以快速排除错误选项，有利于快速解题。 正方体（六面体）表面展开图的性质 你知道正方体表面展开图有多少种吗？解答：11种 图中“上”和“下”，“左”和“右”，“前”和“后”互为对立面。 1．“一四一”型 2．“二三一”型 3．“三三”型和“二二二”型
【例题1】（2012年） 左边给定的是纸盒的外表面，下面哪一项能由它所折叠而成（） 一本通解答：由以上性质可以可以看出，一点面和四点面为对立面，B项错误；C项中一点面与五点面构成如图相邻关系时，六点面相应位于底面而非顶面，排除；二点面、三点面、四点面三面相邻，且公共顶点不变，三点面方向不对，D项错误。 注：平面图形的公共顶点折叠后仍为这三个面的公共顶点。（通过上图D项可验证） 【例题2】（2010年） 左边给定的是纸盒的外表面，下面哪一项能由它所折叠而成（） 一本通解答：横线面和空白面为对立面，C、D项错误；A项中右表面的对角线应该与上表面的对角线相交在一个顶点上，排除。 【例题3】 左边给定的是纸盒的外表面，下面哪一项能由它折叠而成？
一本通解答：A项三条斜线不可能交于一点，排除。C项两条水平线不会交于一点，排除。D项正面应为竖直线，排除。 【例题4】（2008年） 一本通解答：B。 解法一：三个空白面都不相互对立，是相邻的，B项正确。 解法二：三条对角线不会交于一点，也不会首尾相连，排除C、D两项；前表面和右表面的线段交点应该是在下方，排除A项，所以B项正确。 练习题4道
推理判断题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实。这类旨在考查考生透过词语的字面意义去理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力，属深层理解题。此类试题的设计常常包括infer, imply, suggest, conclude等词。 这类题的设问方式主要有： (1)We can infer from the passage that ______. (2)What can be inferred from the passage? (3)Which of the following can be inferred from the passage? (4)It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that ______. (5)The author suggest in this passage that ______. (6)The writer implies that ______. (7)It can be inferred that ______. (8)It can be concluded from the passage that ______. (9)On the whole, we can conclude that ______. (10)From the text we can conclude that ______. (11)After reading the passage we may conclude that ______. (12)What conclusion can be drawn from the passage? (13)The author is inclined to think that ______. (14)When the writer talks about..., what he really means is that______. (15)What's the writer's attitude towards...? (16)What's the author's feeling towards...?
2015年阅读理解专题--推理判断题 一.考纲解读： 设题角度: (1)细节推断题 (2). 推断隐含意义 (3). 推断作者观点或态度 (4). 推断写作目的 (5). 推断文章出处 (6). 推断上下文内容等 4.设问方式:It can be inferred from the text that . From the text we know/learn (about) that …is most likely . The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer’s purpose of writing this passage is to _____. The passage implies that _____. In writing the passage, the author intends to _____. The passage is most likely to be taken from______. Where would this passage most probably appear? The next paragraph would most probably deal with _______ 二. 技巧点拨 1. 细节推断题。 根据语篇关系，推断具体细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件、具体信息等.一般可根据短文提供的信息,或结合生活常识来推断①要吃透文章的字面意思，捕捉有用的提示和线索②对文字的表面信息进行挖掘加工,进行深层处理，符合逻辑地推理。③要忠实 于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据。立足已知，推断未知。 【题例1】In September, 1940, my mother, sister and I went to Swansea, where my father's ship was getting ready to sail, we brought him a family photograph to be kept with him at all times and keep him safe. (2011·湖南卷B篇)（1.5分钟） 61. We can infer that the mother and children went to Swansea ______. A. to meet a friend B. to see the father off C. to take a family photo D. to enjoy the sailing of the ship 【题例2】Understanding why members of her family and her friends would be there, AT asked why her dance teacher had traveled so far to see her compete(比赛). “She's always been my role model. I've danced with her since I was six. She's been through so many difficulties and came through them all. I've learned to get over bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her.”(the fourth paragraph) (2012·全国大纲卷 E篇)（2分钟） 57. Shelley takes her dance teachers as a role model mainly because she is ______. A. determined B. friendly C. strict D. experienced 2. 隐含意义题 这类题目往往要求考生根据文章的某个句子、段落或全文所提供的事实进行逻辑推理，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事情。这类试题的题干中常含
判断推理题高分答题技巧 导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《判断推理题高分答题技巧》的内容，具体内容：公务员考试作为公安院校学生竞争岗位的一个平台,已经引起学生及社会的足够重视。下面是我为大家整理的，供大家分享。：全面复习，夯实基础第一，通读教材，夯实基础。判断推理模块... 公务员考试作为公安院校学生竞争岗位的一个平台,已经引起学生及社会的足够重视。下面是我为大家整理的，供大家分享。 ：全面复习，夯实基础 第一，通读教材，夯实基础。判断推理模块，尤其是演绎推理模块，是广大考生比较头疼的部分，坦白的讲，这其中所考察的有些知识确实与我们的日常生活相距甚远，这就要求广大学员在备考的初始阶段首先要通读教材，了解考试的大体内容并掌握一定的做题方法。在基础备考阶段，透彻理解教材基础知识，熟练掌握各种题型，对精选习题加以强化练习，巩固复习效果，是我们的首要目标。 第二，认真研究真题，提高做题能力。研究近几年过国家公务员考试行测考试真题，有利于进一一步把握国家公务员行测考试的试题特点和规律，抓住考试重点，进行有针对的复习。比如说图形推理除了常规题型的考查，还出现了新题型等。真题是一切趋势变化的源泉，掌握了真题就掌握了国家公务员考试的命脉。 第三，细化模块，专项练习。对判断推理的四大模块进行针对复习，有利于查找自己的弱点，专攻死穴，达到优点更优，漏洞补上，齐头并进。
：重点突破，提升能力 通过基础阶段的学习，大部分考生做题的准确率会有较大的提高，但是模拟成绩却还是不尽如人意，这是因为学员对知识点只是有了一个基本的、一般的掌握，但是针对某些难度较大、或者是没有透彻掌握的知识点依然束手无策。这就要求考生通过专项系列教材和试卷系列当中的全真模拟卷来攻克自己的短板。根据自己基础学习过程中的实际情况，缩小复习范围，把时间和精力主要放在对考试重点和难点以及自己不擅长的知识点的复习上。特别是熟练掌握做题的技巧，在保证做题正确率的前提下提高答题的速度。 ：反复练习，全面提升 国家公务员考试考试是由专项组合的一个整体，在这个阶段，考生应注重从整体上把握考试，要化零为整。 首先，在这个阶段，考生要全面进入做题能力训练的阶段，要严格按照考试的模式进行反复的训练，知识的掌握是一方面，但做题确实另一方面，能把自己学会的知识通过题目展示出来是一种能力，而且是一种可以训练的能力，这就要求广大考生要反复练习，全面提高做题能力，这是考生不仅做国家公务员考试试题，还可以选择性的接触一些地方省市考试真题，通过真题练习考生可以积累临场经验，感受考试气氛，掌握做题节奏，提高应试能力。 其次，在做题的同时要注意梳理知识点。考生要将个人以前做过的题再仔细看一遍，找出错误原因和改进方法，记忆下来，避免以后再犯。另一方面是将之前复习中学习过的知识点、题型、方法技巧等，进行一次集中
图形专项突破中绝大多数例题都是公考真题，命题规范，指导性明确，具有很高的价值。图形专项突破编写系统，几乎含盖图形推理全部类型的题目。 图形推理的两大灵魂是数量关系和图形的转动。牢牢把握住这两大灵魂就基本把握了图形推理题目。在这两大灵魂统帅下的十大基本规律，是每个想要在公考中取得优异成绩的考生必须系统熟练把握的。 图形推理的两大灵魂：数量关系和图形的转动。这里以2007年国家公务员考试真题为例子来说明图形推理的两大灵魂。 1. 答案:B 分析:方法一，从图形旋转的角度来分析这个题目。顺时针方向看，会发现黑色小方框在作顺时针旋转。 具体的说，第一行三个图形中，黑色小方框在作顺时针旋转；然后从第三列往下看，发现黑色小方框仍然在作顺时针旋转。整个观察顺序是：第一行，从左向右，到了第三个图形，从上往下；到了右下角的图形，从右往左，到了左下角，再从下往上。
如果选择逆时针方向分析，会发现黑色小方框在作逆时针旋转。最后同样得到答案B。 方法二，从图形的数量关系来分析这个题目。图中含有黑色小方框的图形是成对出现的。因此答案为B。 2. 答案：A经验分享：在这里我想跟大家说的是自己在整个公务员考试的过程中的经验的以及自己能够成功的考上的捷径。首先就是自己的阅读速度比别人的快考试过程中的优势自然不必说，平时的学习效率才是关键，其实很多人不是真的不会做，90%的人都是时间不够用，要是给足够的时间，估计很多人能够做出大部分的题。公务员考试这种选人的方式第一就是考解决问题的能力，第二就是考思维，第三考决策力（包括轻重缓急的决策）。非常多的人输就输在时间上，我是特别注重效率的。第一，复习过程中绝对的高效率，各种资料习题都要涉及多遍；第二，答题高效率，包括读题速度和答题速度都高效。我复习过程中，阅读和背诵的能力非常强，读一份一万字的资料，一般人可能要二十分钟，我只需要两分钟左右，读的次数多，记住自然快很多。包括做题也一样，读题和读材料的速度也很快，一般一份试
1、演绎推理题型分析及解题技巧总结 所谓推理，是指由一个或几个已知的判断推导出另外一个新的判断的思维形式。一切推理都必须由前提和结论两部分组成。一般来说，作为推理依据的已知判断称为前提，所推导出的新的判断则称为结论。推理大体分为直接推理和间接推理。 只有一个前提的推理叫直接推理。例如：有的高三学生是共产党员，所以有的共产党员是高三学生。 一般有两个或两个以上前提的推理就是间接推理。例如：贪赃枉法的人必会受到惩罚，你们一贯贪赃枉法，所以今天你们终于受到法律的制裁和人民的惩罚。 一般说，间接推理又可以分为演绎推理、归纳推理和类比推理等三种形式。 1、演绎推理及其分类 所谓演绎推理，是指从一般性的前提得出了特殊性的结论的推理。例如：贪赃枉法的人是必定会受到惩罚的，你们一贯贪赃枉法，所以，你们今天是必定要受到法律的制裁、人民的惩罚的。这里，“贪赃枉法的人是必定会受到惩罚的”是一般性前提，“你们一贯贪赃枉法”是特殊性前提。根据这两个前提推出”你们今天是必定要受到法律的制裁和人民的惩罚的”这个特殊性的结论。 演绎推理可分为三段论、假言推理和选言推理。 1、三段论 (1)所谓三段论是推理中最普通的一种形式。它由三个简单判断组成，其中两个是前提，一个是结论。例如：不法分子都害怕法律的制裁（大前提）；杀人犯是不法分子（小前提）；所以杀人犯害怕法律的制裁（结论）。 (2)三段论的推理一般有三个特点： ①有三个判断； ②每个判断都有两个概念，整个推理共有三个不同的概念，每个概念都出现两次； ③在前提中都有一个概念起媒介的作用。 在逻辑学中，阐述三段论时，概念和判断都有一定的名称。即，在作结论的判断中的谓项称为大项（P）；作主项的称为小项（S）；在结论中不出现，在前提中起媒介作用的称为中项（M）。一般，包含大项的判断称为大前提，包含小项的判断称为小前提。 (3)我们在运用三段论时，还要遵守三个原则： ①一个三段论必须（也只能）有三个概念，特别是中项必须是同一概念，否则就会产生错误（通常把这种错误说为“偷换概念”）。例如：茅盾著作不是几天可以读完的；《白杨礼赞》是茅盾著作；所以，《白杨礼赞》不是几天可以读完的。 这里，在大前提中的“茅盾著作”指所有茅盾著作构成的总体，而小前提中的“茅盾著作”则是茅盾许多著作中的一种具体的著作，两者含义不同，已经不是三个概念，而是变成了四个概念，致使推理产生了错误。 ②中项在前提中至少周延一次。周延是在一个判断中对于主项和谓项是否全部断定，如全部断定就是周延，否则就是不周延。如果违反这条规则，就会犯“中项不周延”的错误。例如：劳模都参加了这次代表大会；刘波参加了这次代表大会；所以，刘波是劳模。 在这个推理中，大前提里，中项并没有全部断定，因为参加代表大会的并不一定都是劳模。在小前提里，中项也没有完全断定，因为出席代表大会的肯定不是只有刘波一个人。由于在大小前提中，中项都是不周延，所以，这个推理犯了“中项不周延”的错误（逻辑错误）。 ③在大前提中不周延的概念，在结论中也不能周延。否则就会造成“不当周延”的错误。例如：书记是做人的思想工作的；她不是书记；所以，她不是做人的思想工作的。在这个推理
逻辑判断推理五大题型解题技巧 一、真假型 真假型题目的特点为题干给出几句话或者几句描述，但未指出其真假情况，要求根据所给条件进行推理。 【例题】张老师将文房四宝装在一个有四层抽屉的柜子里，让学生猜笔、墨、纸、砚分别在哪一层。按照笔、墨、纸、砚的顺序，小李猜测四宝依次装在第一、二、三、四层，小王猜测四宝依次装在第一、第三、第四和第二层，小赵猜测四宝依次装在第四、第三、第一和第二层，而小杨猜测四宝依次装在第四、第二、第三和第一层。张老师说，小赵一个都没猜对，小李和小王各猜对了一个，而小杨猜对了两个。 由此可以推测： A. 第一层抽屉里装的是墨 B. 第二层抽屉里装的是纸 C. 第三层抽屉里装的不是笔 D. 第四层抽屉里装的不是砚 【解析】根据题干信息可以画图表如下： 由上表，显然几人的猜测有一致之处，再由张老师说的话继续完善表格进行推理。由“小赵全部猜错”，可知其他几个人猜测的跟小赵一样的也全部错误，即下图阴影部分都是错的。 又由于小杨和小李对于墨和纸的猜测相同(如上图圆圈圈示)，且小李只对1个，而小杨只对2个，因此对于两人墨和纸的猜测只能对一个，故小杨对砚的猜测是正确的，即“砚在
第一层”一定为真。因此答案选D。 【点拨】对于真假型题目，通常可以从确定条件、一致条件和唯一条件这几个点出发，或者当所给条件相似时，从最不一样的条件入手，此外，在考场上一时没有思路时，可直接选择假设法或代入法。 二、匹配型 匹配型题目的特点是给出多个条件，且涉及两类或两类以上元素之间的对应关系。匹配型题目可以看做复杂的排序型题目，所以解法也与排序型相似。 【例题】甲、乙和丙，一位是山东人，一位是河南人，一位是湖北人。现在只知道：丙比湖北人年龄大，甲和河南人不同岁，河南人比乙年龄小。 由此可以推知： A.甲不是湖北人 B.河南人比甲年龄小 C.河南人比山东人年龄大 D.湖北人年龄最小 【解析】分析推理题目，题干有两个条件涉及河南人，可以把河南人作为突破口。 由题干可知，河南人不是甲，也不是乙，则只能是丙;河南人比乙年龄小，即丙比乙年龄小，而丙比湖北人年龄大，则湖北人只能是甲，且年龄最小，因此山东人是乙。由此可得：乙(山东人)>丙(河南人)>甲(湖北人)。故答案选D。 【点拨】匹配型题目的解题关键是找出元素之间的相互对应关系，结合不同类型的关系由确定的推出不确定的，常用图表形式表示元素间关系，有些步骤运用排除法比较方便。 三、排序型 排序型题目的特点是给出多个条件，但只涉及一类元素，这些元素在时间先后、位置顺序或者数量、程度等方面有一定关系。 【例题】北京市为缓解交通压力实行机动车辆限行政策，每辆机动车周一到周五都要限行一天，周末不限行。某公司有A、B、C、D、E五辆车，保证每天至少有四辆车可以上路行驶。已知：E车周四限行，B车昨天限行，从今天算起，A、C两车连续四天都能上路行驶，E车明天可以上路。 由此可知，下列推测一定正确的是： A.今天是周六 B.今天是周四 C.A车周三限行 D.C车周五限行 【解析】分析推理题。首先由“保证每天至少有四辆车可以上路行驶”可知，每天至多有一辆车限行，又E车周四限行，可画图如下：
2019高考英语阅读理解-推理判断题（含解析） 一、阅读理解 1.根据短文理解，选择正确答案。 Here are six steps to better studying. Pay attention in class Do you have trouble paying attention in class? Are you sitting next to a loud person? Tell your teacher or parents about any problem that is preventing you from paying attention. Take good notes Write down facts that your teacher mentions or writes on the board. Try to use good handwriting so you can read your notes later. It's a good idea to keep your notes organized by subject. Plan ahead for tests and projects Waiting until Thursday night to study for Friday's test will make it hard to do your best. One of the best ways to make sure that doesn't happen is to plan ahead. Write down your test dates. You can then plan how much to do after school each day, and how much time to spend on each topic. Break it up When there's a lot to study, it can help to break things into several parts. Let's say you have a spelling test on 20 words. Instead of thinking about all of the words at once, try breaking them down into five-word groups and work on one or two different groups each night. Ask for help You can't study effectively if you don't understand the material. Be sure to ask your teacher for help. If you're at home when the confusion occurs, your mom or dad might be able to help. Sleep tight So the test is tomorrow and you've followed your study plan—but suddenly you can't remember anything! Don't panic. Your brain needs time to digest all the information you've given it. Try to get a good night's sleep and you'll be surprised by what comes back to you in the morning. （1）We know from the passage that a loud person is ________. A. a student who always answers questions loudly in class B. someone who likes to talk with others in a loud voice C. a student who likes speaking with others in class D. a person who makes a lot of noise in public places （2）If you don't understand what you have learnt, you can ________. A. read your notes over and over again B. turn to people around you for help C. put aside the material for later review D. ask your teacher to explain it the next day （3）By saying “Sleep tight”, what does the author mean?
分类总结行测图形推理解题思路 一、规律推理类 规律推理是针对所给若干幅图形的规律，选择新图形以延续现有的规律性。要求考生从给出的图形数列中，找出图形排列的规律，据此推导符合规律的图形。根据图形的变化 规律可将题型分为数量类、样式类和位置类。 (一)数量类 数量是指图形中包含某种元素的多少，主要是点、线、角、面、素。“点”是指图形中常常包含有“点”的要素，蕴含着交点数的变化，包括交点、切点、割点等。“线”一般指线条数、线头数、笔画数的变化；“角”一般指角的个数的变化；“面”也就是区域，一般包括封闭区域和连通区域，三者的变化规律一般常呈现常数列和等差数列。“素”是指图形中常常包含有“素”的要素，蕴含着元素种类、数目的变化，既包括图形整体的变化，也包括各组成部分的变化。 【例题1】(山西-行测-2009-51) A B C D 【答案】A。本题属于数量类。左边4个图形的边数等于图形内部线段的数量，分别为3，6，4，7，(5)。所以选择A选项。 【例题2】(山西-行测-2008-51) A B C D 【答案】B。本题属于数量类，考查图形独立元素个数。题干图形的独立元素个数为 1、2、3、4、(5)。所以选择B选项。 【例题3】(山西-行测-2008-54) A B C D 【答案】A。本题属于数量类。题干图形的笔画数都为6，故下一个图形的笔画数也应为6。 二、数量类解题要点总结： 第一步：首先从整体数考虑，识别“点线角面素”，确定数量规律； 第二步：如果整体不行的话，可以从部分(分位置或分样式)的角度确定数量，得出
(二)样式类 样式是指图形的形状模样，它标明了某个图形区别于其他图形的本质特征。该类题 型的解题规律一般是遍历、计算、属性。遍历是指每行(或每列)中含有完全相同的若干个样式，在每行(或每列)中对相同样式进行不同的排列组合，保证每一种样式在每行(或每列)中 都要出现一次。运算是指一组或一行的图形之间存在着某种运算关系。从规则上看，运算主 要包括“加减同异”，即“叠加、相减、求同、去同”。属性是指图形的一种样式特征，常见 的有对称性、曲直性、封闭性。对称性包括轴对称、中心对称和整体对称；曲直性是指有的 图形均有曲线组成，有的图形均有直线组成；封闭性指有的图形是封闭的，有的图形是非封 闭的。 【例题4】(山西-行测-2008-53) A B C D 【答案】B。本题属于样式类。题干图形均由直线段构成，选项中只有B选项是由直 线段构成的，其余几项图形中都含有曲线。所以选择B选项。 【例题5】(山西-行测-2008-52) A B C D 【答案】A。本题属于样式类。题干图形均由直线段构成，选项中只有A选项是由直线 段构成的，其余几项图形中都含有曲线。所以选择A选项。 和大家说一下：我想，每一次都推荐一下对大家都非常有用的信息，只推荐三个有用的，其他的我觉得都没什么意思，每一次推荐都不容易，希望大家珍惜。大家有选择性的看，都 是个人觉得非常好的。一切都做了，离成功就近了，好运与机遇就会降临。请大家多关注， 我常常会推荐一些很好用的东西给大家。1、推荐快速学习一下思维导图法与快速阅读法，对 理解与记忆的帮助十分之大，里面有针对公务员版本，对于时间不够用，效率低的同学特别 适用，本人切身体验，没用不会推荐希望对大家也有帮助！建议练上30小时足矣。已经给 大家找好了下载的地址，先按住键盘最左下角的“Ctrl”按键，请直接点击这里下载。）2、QZZN公考论坛，是国内最知名的公务员考试论坛和公务员论坛。3、大家论坛，各种资料都 有下载。 【例题5】(山西-行测-2009-54) 所给的四个图形呈现一定的规律性，根据这种规律在所给出的备选答案中选出一个 最合理的正确答案。 A B C D 【答案】D。本题属于样式类。每个图形都含有2个相同的封闭空间，第1、2个图为耳朵；第3个图为脸；第4个图为眼睛。选项中只由D含有2个相同的封闭空间，所以选择D
阅读理解推理判断题的答题技巧 主要考查学生对文章中隐含或深层的含意的理解能力。它要求考生根据文章内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对作者观点的理解，态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。题干关键词：infer(推断),indicate(象征；暗 示),imply/suggest(暗示),conclude(作出结论),assume(假定，设想)。 1.细节推理判断题 一般可根据短文提供的信息或借助生活常识进行推理判断，常见命题形式有： Itcanbeinferred/concludedfromthetextthat_____. Theauthorimplies/suggeststhat_____. Wemayinferthat_____. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisimpliedbutNOTstated? 2.预测推理判断题 根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行猜测，常见命题形式有： Whatdoyouthinkwillhap penif/when…? Attheendofthispassage,thewritermightcontinuetowrite_____. 3.推测文章来源或读者对象 常见命题形式有：
Thepassageisprobablytakeoutof_____. Thepassagewouldmostlikelybefoundin_____. Wheredoesthistextprobablycomefrom? 4.写作意图、目的、态度推断题 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里，只能通过细读文章，从作者的选词及其修饰手段中体会出来。 询问写作目的的题，选项里常出现的词是：explain(解 释),prove(证明),persuade(劝说),advise(劝告),comment(评论),praise(赞扬),criticize(批评),entertain(娱 乐),demonstrate(举例说明),argue(辩论),tell(讲述),analyze(分析)等。 询问语气态度的题，选项里常出现的词是：neutral(中立的),sympathetic(同情的),satisfied(满意的),friendly(友好 的),enthusiastic(热情的),subjective(主观的),objective(客观的),matter-of-fact(实事求是的),pessimistic(悲观 的),optimistic(乐观的),critical(批评的),doubtful(怀疑 的),hostile(敌对的),indifferent(冷淡的),disappointed(失望的)。常见命题形式有： Thepurposeofthetextis_____. Whatisthemainpurposeoftheauthorwritingthetext? Bymentioning…,theauthoraimstoshowthat_____. Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowards…?
高三英语阅读理解推理判断题命题方式与技巧点拨 高考英语阅读理解考纲关于阅读理解部分考纲要求： 阅读部分要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说 明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具 体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。 高考英语阅读理解常见的设题形式有：细节理解题、推理判断题、词意猜测题、主 旨大意题。本节主要解决推理判断题解题策略。 推理判断题解题指导： ■考点突破 一、命题方式： 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上，通过对语篇逻辑关系的分析和细节的 暗示，做出一定的判断和推理，从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义的过程。主要考查 考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力以及考生的识别能力。推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中 某一句话，也可能是某几句话，要求考生在遵循原文意义的基础上，对文章字面信息进 行分析、挖掘、逻辑推理，揭示其深层含义。 推理判断题的命题区间往往出现在以下几个方面： ◆文章或者段落的首尾部分。这一部分往往会引出文章的主题，总结全文或者全段 内容，通常也会设计推理判断题； ◆引言部分。议论文或者说明文中作者经常引用他人语言来支撑自己的观点，引用 的内容可能从正面或者反面来支持作者的观点，引文的字里行间隐含的渗透的内容往往 也是命题人设题的依据； ◆结论建议处。命题人往往在文章中出现the study suggests, the research indicates, the report shows 等类似结论、建议性表达方式时，此处通常是文章中提到的研究结果或者报 告的结论，命题人往往在此设置推理判断题 ◆表达观点态度处。在作者表达观点态度的地方往往设置推理判断题。文中出现 doubt, appreciate, hate, prefer ,against等表达观点态度的部分，以及一些带有感情色彩的特 殊句式，例如感叹句、反问句等。 1.细节推断 细节推断要求考生根据文章内容，推断具体的细节，如时间、地点、人物关系、人 物身份、事件等。一般可根据短文提供的信息，或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生 要把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，然后作出判断。题干中常出现infer（推断），indicate（象征，暗示），imply（暗示），suggest（暗示）.conclude（作出结论），assume （假定，设想）等词。主要设题方式有： It can be inferred from the passage that________. The author strongly suggests that________ It can be concluded from the passage that________. The writer implies but not directly states that________