where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词
先行词为抽象名词：point,situation,case,position,
job,activity等。
这些名词在定语从句中作状语
高考题：
1. —Where did you get to know her?
—It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山东卷)
A. that
B. there
C. which
D. where
2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___ they learn simple games and songs. (全国I)
A. then
B. there
C. while
D. where
3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity
___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷)
A. when
B. whose
C. which
D. where
4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of English fail to use the language properly. (陕西卷)
A. which
B. as
C. why
D. where
5. After graduation she reached a point in her career ___D___ she had to decide what to do. (江西卷)
A. that
B. what
C. which
D. where
以上5道题的答案分别是DDDDD，其中前面两道比较容易，因为它们符合“where引导的定语从
句用于修饰表示地点的名词”这一基本用法。但是，后面3道题则有所不同，因为它们修饰的名
词不是具体的地点名词，而是一个抽象名词，即分别是activity, case, point。由于一般的语
法书对这一问题很少涉及，所以许多考生对这类考题比较生疏。为帮助同学们熟悉这一语言现象，
正确掌握这一知识点，本文拟对where引导定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。
一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point
You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。
The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。
We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。
注：有时point也可以是具体的地点：
Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。
The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。
二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case
There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。
Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。
三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity
Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。
四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation
He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。
If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。
五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position
It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。
六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job
She wants a job where her management skills can be put to good use. 她想找一份能将她的管理技能派上用场的工作。
I don’t want a job where I’m chained to a desk all day. 我不想找一份整天坐在办公桌前的工作。
【模拟训练】
01. We’re just trying to reach a point _______ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. where
B. that
C. when
D. which
02. She had got to the point ______ she felt that she could not take any more.
A. what
B. when
C. where
D. which
03. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point ______ he can walk correctly and safely.
A. when
B. where
C. which
D. that
04. It was so confusing that eventually it got to the point ______ no one knew what was going on.
A. when
B. that
C. which
D. where
05. I don’t want a job ______ I’m chained to a desk for eight hours a day.
A. which
B. where
C. what
D. when
06. Drink-driving is one case ______ severe punishment seems to work as a deterrent.
A. that
B. which
C. when
D. where
【参考答案】01—06 ACBDBD
where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。 注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： Let the point where AB cuts CD be called E. 设AB线与CD线的相交点为E。 The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员们认为，舞蹈是一种让人看胜过让人听的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation He got into a situation where it is hard to decide what is right and wrong. 他陷入一种难以分辨是非的局面。 If you risk something important, you cause it to be in a dangerous situation where you might lose it. 你如果拿重要的东西去冒险，那你就是将它置于一种可能会失去它的危险境地。 五、where定语从句修饰抽象名词position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the job. 这使我陷入一种不能接受此工作的境地。 六、where定语从句修饰抽象名词job
Where 引导的从句 【教学目标】让学生掌握八种状语从句的基本用法 【教学难点】where 引导的状语从句和正确运用where的注意事项 【教学重点】where 引导的状语从句 【教学过程】 一．where 的用法与高考难点 where的用法灵活多变,表现在它可以引导多种从句，请看下面的句子： Where he was born is unknown to us. He told me where he was born. This is where he was born. I have no idea where he was born. This is the place where he was born. He works where he was born. No matter where you go ,I’ll wait for you here. （一）．作连接副词，引导名词性从句 I. 引导主语从句 we shall spend our holiday this summer ____ decided. A. why, is not B. when , has not C. where, has not been D. That, hadn’t 有时为了平衡句子，避免句子头重脚轻，使用形式主语it，指代where引导的主语从句。如：It’s really no business of yours where I spent my summer. 我们在哪里度假确实与你无关。 II. 引导宾语从句 you make sure ____ the gold ring A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put graduation he asked to be sent to _____. he is most needed B. where he needed C. where he is mostly needed D. where is he mostly needed III. 引导表语从句 and get your coat. It’s ____ you left it. A. there B. where C. there where D. where there 有时where表抽象的含义，不同的情况下译法也不同。 That’s where we differ. 这就是我们的分歧所在。 That’s where we stand. 这就是我们的立场。 That’s where you are wrong. 你的错就在这儿。
Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表 示地点 1、We will discuss a number of cases __ beginners of English fail to use the language preperly、A、which B、as C、why D、where 2、He was driving so fast as to get himself into a dangerous situation ___he is likely to lose the control over his car、 A、which B、as C、why D、where 两道题都选where ,但就是case, situation都不就是地点,如何理解？ 在“先行词不就是表示地点的名词”的前提下,如何判断就是否使用关系副词where来引导定语从句的问题就是一个高频考点。就就是说,关系副词where 所指代的先行词不只就是表示地点的名词。
用Where引导定语从句,先行词不一定都表示地点按照通常的理解,当where 引导定语从句时,它的先行词就就是表示地点的名词,但事实并不就是我们想象的那么简单。很多情况下,where所指代的先行词并不表示地点。请瞧以下几个例句: Other research, where siblings have been asked to say who their mother and father favor, suggests that mothers do tend to show a preference for their first-born son, but fathers often show great affection for their youngest daughters、 1、Remember that the best relationship is one where your love for each other is greater than your need for each other、请记住,最深的感情关系表现为彼此间的爱超过彼此间的需要。
Be done Is ,am are done Was , were done Have,has been done Had been done Will be done A building will be built in our school next year . Be to be done Be going to be done The building ____next year is our teaching building . A is to be built Bwhich is to be built The professor who is to give us a speech is from a famous university . Be being done The building is being built . The new machine was being tested . The bridge ____ will be completed next month . A is being constructed B to be constructed C being --ed
Have being --ed C built D having built Admit sb as /to be 承认某人为。。。 Admit sb to /into Sb be admitted to/into 容许某人进入被录取 Because he was admitted to BeiJing University , everyone admitted him to be intelligent. Admit doing/having done 承认做了某事 The thief admitted having stolen a car . Admit that ... 承认 Admit of 容许 The project admits of no delay . Admission . 入场券入场费 John worked hard at his lessons and gained ____to a famous university last year A permission B admission C agreement D freedom Little Tom admitted____in the exam , ___that he wouldn’t do that again. A to cheat , promise B cheating , promised C having --ed promising D to have -ed , -d Where was it ___you ____our maths teacher ? A where , came to B that , come across C that , came across D where ,come to Together with Along with As well as Rather than
复合句 【语法要点】 复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成分，不能独立。根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。 （一）名词性从句 名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。其关联词有连接词that、if、whether；疑问代词who、what、which和疑问副词when、where、how、why等。 1.名词性从句句法结构： 从 属 连 词that whether 主 语 从 句 That he will come is certain.（that不可省） Whether she is coming or not doesn’t matter too much. （不能用if） 宾 语 从 句 I think（that）he will be all right in a few days. I went in and asked if（=whether）they had a cheap suit. I wonder whether（不能用if）it is true or not. 表 语 从 句 The fact is（that）I have never been there. The question is whether（不能用if）it is worth doing. 同 位 语 从 句 The fact that she had not said anything surprised all of us. They asked me the question whether the work was worth doing. 连接代词 that who whom whose which 主 语 从 句 Who will help him is not known. What he said is very important. Which side will win is not clear. 宾 语 从 句 （1）作及物动词的宾语。例如： I really don’t know what he is doing. Do you know who/whom they are waiting for? He asked whose dictionary it was. He can’t tell which method they will use for the experiment. （2）作介词的宾语。例如： Pay attention to what the teacher said. I wondered to whom he had given the letter. 表 语 从 句 That is what he is worried about. The question is who will come here. The question is which team will win the match.
引导名词性从句的关联词 在传统的语法中，有连接代词、连接副词和关系代词、关系副词之分；连接代词、连接副词引导名词性从句和关系代词、关系副词引导定语从句。本书根据最新资料不再作此分类，通称关系代词和关系副词。 引导名词性从句的关联词大致相同，它们分别是：连词：that, whether, if；关系代词：who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever；关系副词：when, where, how, why,however, whenever, wherever。引导从句时一般不用逗号和主句分开。详细见下表： 类别词义在从句中的作用 that 无任何词义仅起连接作用，在从句 中不充当任何句子成分 if和whether 意为“是否”，表 明从句意义的 不确定性起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何句子成分 关系代词who, what, which, whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever 有各自自身的 意义 起连接作用，并在从句 中充当主、表、宾、定 语等 关系副词when,where,why,how, however, whenever, wherever 有各自自身的 意义 起连接作用，并在从句 中充当状语 1、that从句与wh-关系代词和关系副词引导名词性从句的区别 连词that在从句中不作成分，不含疑问意义；而wh-连词在从句中作成分，且含有疑问意义；或what/where从句相当于一个名词后加一个定语从句。 It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey. 她的头发在变白令她有点担忧。（that在从句中只起引导词作用，不作成分） What caused the accident is still a complete mystery. 事故发生的原因仍然是个不解之谜。（What在从句中作主语） 2、that与whether引导名词性从句的区别。 that与whether都是连词，引导名词性从句时，在句中只起连接作用，都不担任句子成分，使用时有下列区别： （1）动词doubt表示“怀疑、不知道” 解时，肯定句接whether引导的宾语从句；否定句don’t doubt和疑问句Do you doubt要接that引导的从句。 I don’t doubt that he will come soon.我不怀疑他不久会来。（此处不用whether） Can you doubt that he will win?你怀疑他会赢吗？（此处不用whether） I doubt whether it is true.我怀疑那不是真的。 比较：doubt表示“不信”解时，表示强烈的不相信时，在陈述句中可接that从句。 I doubt that he will stay there.我不信他会留在那里。 （2）that本身无意义，有时可以省略；whether本身有意义，在句中均不可省略。 He said (that) he was from New Y ork.他说他是从纽约来的。（that无意义，可以省略）Whether he will go there is not decided yet.他去不去没定下来。（whether 有意义，不可以省
、先行词指人,在句中作主语who: John,who is only five,has an inborn talent for music. (约翰是一外5岁大的孩子,有着天生的音乐才能。) 2、先行词指人,在句中作宾语whom: His wife,whom you met at my home,was a teacher. (他的妻子，就是你在我家遇见的那个，是一位老师。) 3、先行词指物,在句中作主语或宾语which: Her house,which was built a hundred years ago,stood still in the earthquake.(那座房子在地震中依然耸立，它是一百多年前建造的。) 注意：无论先行词指人或者指物,在句中作主语或者作宾语，非限制性定语从句的引导词都不能用that。 4、先行词在句中作定语，无论指人或者指物,引导词都用whose: The girl,whose name is Kate,is the top of the students in our school.(那个女孩是我们学校最优秀的学生，她的名字叫Kate。) The book,whose cover is red,is mine.(封面是红色的那本书是我的。) 5、先行词指物，在句中作时间状语用when： The sports meeting will be put off till next month,when we will have made all the preparations.(运动会将被推迟到下个月，那时我们做好一切准备。) 6、The next day we arrived in New York,where we were inerviewed on the radio.（第二天我们到达纽约，在那里我们接受了电台的采访。） 7、如果先行词作介词的宾语，先行词指人，介词提前的结构是：介词＋whom；先行词指物，介词提前的结构是：介词＋which: President Wilson,with whom he had not the same intimate relations,is treated much less sympathetically.(威尔逊总统与他没有同样的亲密关系，所以就没有被很同情地对待。) The Second World War,in which millions of people were killed,ended in 1945.(第二次世界大战造成数百万人的死亡，于1945年结束。) 8、as也可以引导定语从句，常与such连用： Such people as you describe are rare nowadays.(象你所描绘的那种人现在已经很少见了。) Let's disscuss only such questions as concern us.(让我们只讨论那些和我们有关的问题吧。) 注意：the same that+从句，意思是：正是那一个人或物；the same as+从句，意思是：就像某个人或物： He is the same man that you are looking for.(他就是你要找的那个人。) He is the same man as you met in the street.(他很象你昨天在街上遇见的那个人。实际上并不是那个人。) This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这就是我昨天丢失的那支笔。) This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这很像昨天我丢失的那支笔。)
Where 引导的名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句 一．Where 引导特殊疑问句，翻译成“哪里，什么地方” Where are you from? Where are you going to work? 二. where引导地点状语从句：where 通常翻译为“在…..的地方，哪里，在哪里” Stay where you are! （待着在你所在的地方） Where you are happy, you can find a job.（在哪里你是开心的，你就可以找一份工作）Where there is a will, there is a way. 在有意志的地方，就有一条道路。（有志者，事竟成）。wherever 引导让步状语从句，通常翻译为“无论哪里，无论什么地方” Wherever you go, I’ll follow you. 我无论你去什么地方，我将会追随你。 三. where 引导的名词性从句：where 翻译成“.......的地方，哪里，什么地方” 1. 主语从句：Where he will go is uncertain now. 从句作主语 2.宾语从句：I don’t know where he will go. 从句作宾语 3.表语从句：You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. 句中where是连接副词，引导表语从句，而本身在从句中做状语 4.同位语从句：I really have no idea where she has gone. 从句作同位语，对idea进行解释说明。 四．where引导定语从句：where 翻译成“在那里” 通常是表示地点的名词+ where（=介词+which） Beijing is the place where（in which）I was born.北京是我的出生地。 先行词position，situation，case，point，stage是表示“位置，情况, 境遇，地步，形势”等抽象概念的名词，有定语从句修饰时用where 或in which引导。 Can you think out a situation where this word can be used? 你能设想这个单词被使用的场合吗? Her illness has developed to the point where nobody can cure her. 她的病发展到没人能治的地步。e.g. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for the great chance. A. how B. which C. where D. that 五. 地点状语从句与定语从句的区别： 主要区别在于从句在主句中作什么成分。如果作状语，是状语从句；如果作定语修饰名词，是定语从句. where引导定语从句时，从句前应有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，where 通常可以由“介词+ which”来替代；而状语从句前则无需先行词，直接修饰整个句子。
which引导的定语从句的用法 WHICH可以引导定语从句，修饰表示事物的先行词，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。例如：HEWASREADINGABOOK， WHICHWASABOUTWAR.他正在读一本关于战争的书。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当主语。） HEWASREADINGABOOK，WHICHHEHADBOUGHTFROMLONDON.他正在读一本书，这本书是从伦敦买回来的。（关系代词WHICH在修饰BOOK的定语从句中充当宾语。） WHICH引导非限定性定语从句时有一个特殊用法，即它所引导的非限定性定语从句修饰主句中更多的部分甚至整个主句（这时被定语从句所修饰的“先行词”要作广义理解），WHICH仍在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。例如：HESETFREETHEBIRDSHAPPILY， WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS.他开心地把鸟放了，这是对他成功的一种庆祝。 把非限定性定语从句“WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”的先行词视为主句中的“THEBIRDS”显然不符合整句的语境，被 “WHICHWASACELEBRATIONFORHISSUCCESS”所修饰的是整个主句，WHICH所引导的这类特殊的非限定性定语从句对主句所叙述的情况进行某种意义的补充说明，WHICH常可译为“这一点，这件事”。 ［考题1］ YOUCANFINDWHATEVERYOUNEEDATTHESHOPPINGCENTRE， ____ISALWAYSBUSYATTHEWEEKEND.（2006上海春） A.THAT B.WHERE C.WHAT D.WHICH ［答案］D
Where引导的定语从句修饰抽象名词的情况 先看几道高考题： 1. To those successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity ______ sight matters more than hearing. (07天津卷) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 2. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of Engl ish fail to use the language properly. (07陕西卷) A. which B. as C. why D. where 3. After graduation she reached a point in her career ______ she had to decide what to do. (07江西卷) A. that B. what C. which D. where 以上三题答案均为D, 考查where引导的定语从句分别修饰activity, case, point三个抽象名词，学生只凭汉语意思去选择容易出现错误，因此必须根据从句的成分去判断这类题目应选择关系副词where。 现将where定语从句修饰抽象名词的用法作一归纳。 一、where定语从句修饰抽象名词point You reach a point where medicine can’t help. 你已到了药物无法治疗的地步。 The crisis has reached a point where the receiver will have to be called in. 危机已达到非把破产管理人叫来不可的地步。 We have reached a point where a change is needed. 我们到了必须改一改的地步。注：有时point也可以是具体的地点： The accident happened at the point where the A15 joins the M1. 事故发生在A15与M1交叉的十字路口。 二、where定语从句修饰抽象名词case There are cases where the word “mighty” is used as an adverb. 在一些情况下，mighty一词可用作副词。 Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases where beginners of English fail to use the language properly. 今天，我们将讨论一些英语初学者对英语使用不当的问题。 三、where定语从句修饰抽象名词activity To those successful deaf dancers, dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 对对那些失聪的成功舞蹈演员来说，舞蹈是一种视觉比听觉重要的活动。 四、where定语从句修饰抽象名词situation
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是定语从句的一种复杂形式，这类定语从句的关系代词主要有which ,whom , whose , 它们既可以引导限定性定语从句，也可以引导非限定性定语从句。关系代词前该选用什么样的介词，要根据不同的语境、习语、惯用法等来决定。一．介词选择的主要标准 1.介词与定语从句的先行词是一种习惯性搭配 Human facial expressions differ from those animals in the degree to which they can be controlled on purpose.人类的面部表情和动物的面部表情就可控制的程度来说是不一样的。( to a degree ) The English play in which my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success.那场在新年晚会上我学生参加表演的英语剧很成功。( in the play ) The schools themselves admit that not all children will be successful in the jobs for which they are being trained.学校本身承认，并不是所有的孩子都能在他们所接受的培训的职业成功。( be trained for the job ) 2.介词与定语从句中的动词是一种习惯性搭配 Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? 我们的老师与之握手的那个男士是谁？( shake hands with sb. ) Last month , part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods , from whose effects the people are still suffering. 上个月，东南亚的部分地区发生洪水，人们还在遭受着洪水所带来的影响。(suffer from sth. ) 3.介词与定语从句中的形容词构成一种习惯性的搭配 Ours is a beautiful country , of which we are greatly proud . 我们的国家是一个美丽的国家，我们为之感到很自豪。( be proud of ) The woman to whom Spielberg is married is an actress. 同斯皮尔伯格结婚的女人是一位演员。( be married to ) The woman to whom he was engaged was a doctor. 他与之订婚的那个女士是位医生。(be engaged to ) 4.有时关系代词前用什么介词，要根据句子的意思来决定，此时不但要注意其前的搭配，也要注意其后的搭配 I was a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was, she had run back in the dark.Before I could recognize who she was , she had ran back in the direction from which she had come.看见一位妇女在黑暗中像我走来，我还没来得及认清她是谁，她已经从她来的方向跑回去了。（如果仅注意先行词，很容易受习惯心里的影响而使用in this direction 的搭配，但考虑到语境后的come ，则应该使用from。） He was educated at the local high school, after which he went on to Beijing University. 他在当地一所高中上学，之后他上了北京大学。（after which 的意思就是“在当地一所高中接受完教育之后”）。 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30 pm. by which time many have got home.在 办公室我好像总是没时间，只有等到下午五点半，而那个时候大家都已经回家了。（此句不能受at 5:30 pm 的通常表达的影响而选用介词at, 而应该依据整个句子的语意来确定介词。）5.表示“所有格”或“整体与部分关系”时，用介词of The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, of which the sailing time was 226 days.这次环球旅行老水手用了9个月，其中航行的时间是226天。 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% of which are sold abroad. 这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋，其中的（指50万双鞋）80%销往海外。 I was told that there were about 50 foreign students studying Chinese in the school, most of whom
where 引导的定语从句归纳 ——由一道考试题想开去 高三英语组省英语专家赵庆玲 2013年12月25日的日照市高三校际联考试卷中有一道单项选择题如下： Yesterday my aunt sent me an email_____ she told me she would come to see me next week. A. which B. where C. that D. when 本题正确答案为B, 但是大部分学生都选了C。本题中an email为先行词，题意为：昨天我姑姑给我发了一封电子邮件，在邮件中她告诉说下周要来看我。从句中缺少状语，应该用关系副词where ，相当于in which。 1. —Where did you get to know her? —It was on the farm ___D___ we worked. (山东卷) A. that B. there C. which D. where 2. Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, ___D___ they learn simple games and songs. (全国I) A. then B. there C. while D. where 3. Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity ___D___ sight matters more than hearing. (天津卷) A. when B. whose C. which D. where 4. Today, we’ll discuss a number of cases ___D___ beginners of
高考英语语法：关于“where”从句详解 来源：天星更新日期：2010-05-15点击：249 “where”是高考热点之一，命题中主要考查其在定语从句、名词从句和状语从句这三大从句中的使用。 (1)Those successful deaf dancers think that dancing is an activity where sight matters more than hearing. 句中where是关系副词，引导定语从句，在从句中做状语； (2)You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is where I disagree. 句中where是连接副词，引导名词从句做表语，而本身在从句中做状语； (3)If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own, please do as the Romans do. 句中where是从属连词，引导状语从句。 在回答有关where的题目时，往往会遇到这样两个难点： 一、定语从句中，“感觉不到”的where。 一提到where，我们往往都借其词义，想到“哪里”，无论是在工厂，在学校，在街道等等，都看得见，摸得着，例如： They will fly to Washington, ____ they plan to stay for two or three days. A. where B. there C. which D. when 答案A，这似乎是显而易见。“他们要飞往华盛顿，他们打算在那(华盛顿)待上两三天。”“在华盛顿”，使用where，有具体的地点。 不过再看一看下面的三个题目： （1）Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers ____ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. A. where B. when C. who D. which
一 先行词指物的特殊情况： 一．必须用that的情况： 1. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时， eg. This is the first job that I have taken up. This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read. 2. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是all little much 时， eg. There is something that I want to tell you. 3. 先行词被all/ any/ every/ each/ few /little/ no/ some/ much/ only/ none/ both/ either/ neither 等修饰时， eg. I have read all the books that you lent me. 4. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时, eg. This is the only method we can use. 5. 先行词又有人又有物时， eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school. 6. 主句以who 或which开头时， eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ? 二、修饰物时只用which不用that的情况 1，引导非限制性定语从句时。例如： Bamboo is hollow, which makes it light.竹子是空心的，这使得他很轻。2，当关系词前有介词时。例如： This is the room in which Chairman Mao once lived.这就是毛主席曾经住过的地方。 3，在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that, 另一个宜用which。例如： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us.我来给你看我从新开的图书馆里借来的那本小说。 4、当关系代词后面有插入语时。例如： Here is the English grammar which, as I have told you, will help improve your English.这就是我跟你说过的会有助于你学好英语的那本英语语法书。5、先行词为that时。例如： The clock is that which can tell us the time.钟是报时的装置。 三、修饰人时只用who不用that的情况 1、先行词为one, ones, anyone, those指代人时。如： The person I want to learn from is one who studies hard and works well.我最羡慕的是学习勤奋，工作出色的人。
语法复习专题 状语从句 一、考点聚焦 1、时间状语从句 ①till, not … until …, until, before, since Don’t get off the bus until it ha s stopped. He waited for his father until(till) it was twelve o’clock. It will be five years before he returns from England. ②hardly / scarcely … when, no sooner … than, as soon as once 表示“一……就” As soon as I have finished it, I’ll give y ou a call. Once you show any fear, he will attack you. We had hardly got / Hardly had we got into the country when it began to rain. No sooner had he arrived / He had no sooner arrived than she started complaining. ③directly, immediately, the moment, the minute that… 一……就 He made for the door directly he heard the knock. ④each time, every time, by the time Each time he came to my city, he would call on me. 注意：表示未来情况，主句用将来时，从句用现在时。 2、让步状语从句 （1）although与though可以引导让步状语从句，不能与but连用，但可以与yet连用。 Although they are poor, (yet)they are warm-hearted. （2）even if或even though引导让步状语从句，表示“即使”，“纵然”，用来使人注意