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几种特殊句式讲解及练习-倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句

几种特殊句式讲解及练习-倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句
几种特殊句式讲解及练习-倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句

几种特殊句式讲解及练习

倒装句、强调句、反意疑问句、祈使句

倒装Inversions

1 倒装句之全部倒装

全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。此结构通常只用与一般现在时和一般过去时。常见的结构有:

1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell.

Then came the chairman.

Here is your letter.

2) out, in, up,down,away表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首,谓语表示运动的动词。

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

Ahead sat an old woman.

注意:上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词,如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

Here he comes.Away they went.

2 倒装句之部分倒装

部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词,则需添加助动词do, does或did,并将其置于主语之前。

○1句首为否定或半否定的词语,如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no

time, in no way, not until…等。

Never have I seen such a performance.

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.

当Not until引出主从复合句,主句倒装,从句不倒装。

注意:如否定词不在句首不倒装。

I have never seen such a performance.

The mother didn't leave the room until the child fell asleep.

典型例题

1)Why can't I smoke here?

At no time___ in the meeting-room

A. is smoking permitted

B.smoking is permitted

C. smoking is it permitted

D.does smoking permit

这是一个倒装问题。当否定词语置于句首以表示强调时,其句中的主谓须用倒装结构。这些否定词包括no, little, hardly, seldom, never, not only, not until等。本题的正常语序是Smoking is permitted in the meeting-room at no time.

2)Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know

B. man know

C. didn't man know

D. did man know

看到Not until…的句型,我们知道为一倒装句,答案在C,D 中选一个。

改写为正常语序为,Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前,后面就不能再用否定了,否则意思就变了。

○2以否定词开头作部分倒装

如Not only…but also, Hardly/Scarcely…when, No sooner…than

Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

典型例题

No sooner___ than it began to rain heavily.

A. the game began

B.has the game begun

C. did the game begin

D.had the game begun

答案以具有否定意义的副词放在句首时,一般采用倒装句(谓语前置)。这类表示否定意义的词有never, seldom, scarcely, little, few, not, hardly, 以及not only…but (also), no sooner…than, hardly…when scarcely…when等等。

注意:只有当Not only…but also连接两个分句时,才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only…but also仅连接两个并列词语,不可用倒装结构。

Not only you but also I am fond of music.

○3so, neither, nor作部分倒装

以so/neither起首的倒装句,结构为so/neither+谓语(助动词/be动词/情态动词)+主语,用于说明上文所描述的情况也同样适用于下文的人或物。该结构中谓语动词的选择在形式上要和上文的谓语保持一致,数要由下文的主语来决定。

注意,在“so+谓语+主语”的结构中,主语是另外的人或物,而在“so+主语+谓语”的结构中,主语仍是上文的人或物,表示对上文所讲事实的肯定或强调,如,She can play the piano, so she can.(她会弹钢琴,她的确会。)

(1)He can sing a lot of English songs, so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。

(2)She speaks English very well, so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。

(3)Li Lei hasn’t read this book, neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。

She went to school just now. So did I . 她刚才去学校了,我也是

She has finished the work. So have I . 她已经完成了工作,我也完成了。

She will go to school. So will he.她将去学校,他也是。

典型例题

---Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

---I don't know, _____.

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care neither

D. I don't care also

答案:B. nor为增补意思"也不关心",因此句子应倒装。A错在用don't 再

次否定,C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。

注意:当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时,不可用倒装结构。意为"的确如此"。

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

---It's raining hard.---So it is.

○4 only在句首要倒装的情况

Only in this way, can you learn English well.

Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

如果句子为主从复合句,则主句倒装,从句不倒装

Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

其他部分倒装

1)so…that 句型中的so 位于句首时,需倒装。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中:

May you all be happy.

3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词,可将if 省略,把were, had, should 移到主语之前,采取部分倒装。

Were I you, I would try it again.

There be句型

是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有……”

①谓语动词和主语保持一致:

There is a television in the sitting room.

②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:

There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.

③主语的后面有时有修饰语:

There are a lot of difficulties facing us. There were many things to be done. (此处也可以使用to do).

④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:

There will be a concert in the park tonight. There was little change in him.

⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。

There used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

Is there going to be any activity tonight?

⑥ there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变反意疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job?

There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?

⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:

Once upon a time, there lived a fisherman on the island.

There came a knock at the door.

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:

You wouldn't want there to be another war. (不定式的复合结构)

The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework. (动名词的复合结构)

There being nothing else to do,we went home. (独立主格结构)

强调句

强调句型是英语中常用句子结构,又是高考中的常见考点,其基本结构为:

It + be+ 被强调部分+that+句子其余部分。现将其用法归纳如下:

1. 强调句型中,能够被强调的句子成分通常为主语、状语、宾语等,不能用来强调谓语动词、表语、补语、让步状语、条件状语等。

例如

It was in the park that I met my old teacher yesterday. (强调地点状语)

It is Mr. Smith that thinks Tom is a clever boy. (强调主语)

2.强调句型中,连接词一般用that,如被强调的部分是人,也可用who/whom,其他一律用that,不能用which, where, when等,即使被强调的是物、时间状语或地点状语。

例如

It was at the gate that we met the inspectors this morning.

It is our head-teacher that/ who/whom we often turn to for help.

3.强调结构中,无论被强调的是人还是物,单数还是复数,be动词一律用单数is/was形式,如果原句的谓语动词是一般过去时,就用was; 是一般现在时,就用is。也可以用"情态动词+be"形式。

例如

It was the farmers that lived a hard life before liberation.

It might be yesterday that John bought a book for Mary.

4强调句型也有疑问句形式,包括一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句。一般疑问句的强调形式,只需将is/ was 提前,移至句首即可,即:Is/ Was it … that …。特殊疑问句的强调形式,须将陈述句变成一般疑问句,再在句首加上疑问词,即:疑问词(被强调部分)+is/was + it + that + 句子其余部分。

例如Was it last year that the building was completed?

Where was it that you met your English teacher?

It was the day before yesterday that you lost the money, wasn't it?

5. not … until…结构在强调句型中的运用:until引导的时间状语从句,也可以用在强调句型中,但主要是其否定形式,如用在强调句型中,必须将not前移,写成It is/was not until … that … 。

例如

It was not until the class began that he came in.

It was not until last Friday that he finished reading the book.

6当强调的是主语时,其谓语动词应和被强调的人和物保持人称、数的一致。例如

It is I who am going to attend the meeting.

7. 强调句型最容易与定语从句、主语从句和状语从句一起考查,应是学习和复习的重点。一般说来,如果把句子中的It is/ was … that去掉,稍加调整语序,能还原成完整句子,并且句子意思依然完整,则为强调句型;否则,应为其他句式。

例如It was a small house that I used to live in. (定语从句)

It was at the school gate that I met an old friend of mine.(强调句型)

参考答案

语法练兵场

1-5. ABDBA 6-10. CADBB

11. Read it 12. Listen to 13. shall we 14. Don’t be 15. Don’t sit

16. will you 17. Don’t move 18. will / won’t you 19. broken glass / cup 20. crying girl

祈使句

祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。

1. 肯定的祈使句

(1)动词原形+其他

Stand up, please. = Please stand up. 请起立。

(2)Be + adj.

Be careful! = Look out! = Take care! 小心/ 当心!

(3)Let's + 动词原形

Let’s go to school together. 咱们一起上学去吧。

2. 否定的祈使句

(1) Don't + 动词原形

Don't stand up. 别站起来。

Don't be careless. 别粗心。

Don't let them play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

(2)Let's ( let sb ) + not + 动词原形

Let's not say anything about it. 对于这件事,咱们什么也别说。

Let them not play with fire. 别让他们玩火。

3.祈使句的反意疑问句

(1) 肯定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分用will you 或won't you。

Please open the door, will/ won’t you? 请把门打开,好吗?

(2) 否定祈使句的反意疑问句反问部分只用will you。

Don't be late again, will you? 别再迟到了,行不行?

(3) 以let's开头的祈使句反意疑问句反问部分用shall we。

Let's turn on the TV, shall we? 我们把电视打开,好吗?

<特别注意> 只有以let's开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分才用shall we,而let us 开头的祈使句的反意疑问句的反问部分应为will you或won't you.如:Let us stay here, will/ won't you? 请(你)让我们留在这好吗?

语法练兵场

单项选择

1. The TV is too loud. Please________.

A. turn it down

B. to turn it down

C. turn down it

D. to turn down it

2. _______ late again, Bill!

A. Don't to be

B. Don't be

C. Not be

D. Be not

3. _______ cross the road until the traffic lights turn green.

A. Not

B. Won't

C. Doesn't

D. Don't

4. Please help me carry it, ______?

A. will I

B. will you

C. shall I

D. shall we

5. Don't make so much noise, ______?

A. will you

B. won't you

C. shall we

D. do you

6. Do you know the girl ______under the tree?

A. stand

B. to stand

C. standing

D. stood

7. Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.

A. bring

B. brings

C. to bring

D. bringing

8. ________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.

A. Telling

B. To tell

C. Told

D. Tell

9. I've kept the dog _______Maomao for a long time.

A. Name

B. named

C. naming

D. to name

10. Don't you know that _______ is good for our health?

A. swim

B. swimming

C. swam

D. swims

句型转换

11. Will you please read it again more slowly? (改为祈使句)

_____ _____ again more slowly, please.

12. If you don't listen to me, I'll go. (改为同义句)

_____ _____ me, or I’ll go.

13. Let's watch the sports games. (改为反意疑问句)

Let's watch the sports games, _____ _____?

14. The teachers often tell the students not to be careless. (改为祈使句)_____ _____careless, please.

15. Please sit next to Nancy. (改为否定句)

_____ _____ next to Nancy.

16. Don't forget to turn off the lights, please. (改为反意疑问句)

Don't forget to turn off the lights, _____ _____?

17. If you move, you'll die. (改为同义句)

_____ _____, or you'll die.

18. Come to my house tomorrow. (改为反意疑问句)

Come to my house tomorrow, _____ _____?

反意疑问句

这类句型和它的名字一样,是表示反问别人的,带有很浓的感情色彩,表示惊奇,愤怒,讽刺,不服气等。例如:You call this a day's work,don't you?你说这就叫一天的活儿,不是吗?

一、当陈述部分是祈使句时:

1、肯定祈使句时,疑问部分用will you 或者won’t you..

Close the door, will you / won’t you?

2、否定祈使句时,只用will you.

3、以let’s 开头的祈使句用shall we.

4、以let us 开头的祈使句用will you.

5、以let me 开头的用may I / will you.

二、当陈述部分为并列句时,附近疑问句应采用就近原则,与最后一个分句相一致。

I help Lucy with her Chinese ,and she helps me with my English, doesn’t she?

三、当陈述部分为主从复合句时:

1、疑问部分须与主句保持一致:

He says his mother didn’t feel well, doesn’t he?

2、当陈述部分是I think I believe I guess 等主句后跟that 从句时(主句的主语必须是I)

疑问部分应和从句保持一致,并且要注意否定的转移:

I believe he will pass the exam, won’t he?

I don’t think he will pass the exam, will he?

四、部分特殊简单句的反意疑问句:

1、陈述部分是I am 时,后面用aren’t I.

2、陈述部分含有否定前、后缀构成的词时,作肯定句处理,疑问部分用否定:

Tom is unhappy today, isn’t he? She is careless ,isn’t she?

3、陈述部分含有never nothing hardly neither little few no nobody none too…to…no one

等表示否定意义的词时,疑问部分用肯定形式:She has no money to pay for it, does she ?

4、以there 开头的陈述句有两种情况:

(1)、there be 句型时,疑问部分的主语用there,

There are some books on the table, aren’t there?

( 2)、当以表示“地点”的there 引导时,要用陈述句真实主语的相应代词形式作疑问部分的主语,

常有这两个句型:There live……There stand……

There stand two trees on the hill, don’t they? There lived a poor old man in the woods, didn’t he?

5、陈述部分出现had better 句式时,后面仍用had 构成疑问部分。

She’d better stay in bed, hadn’t she?

6、陈述部分的主语为不定式、动名词、或从句时,疑问部分的主语用it .

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes, isn’t it?

7、陈述部分的主语是this/that时,疑问部分的主语用it , 陈述部分的主语是these/those时,疑问部分的主语用they.

8、当陈述部分的主语为everybody nobody somebody anybody everyone 等指代人的不定代词时,疑问部分的主语

用he 或者they. 当陈述部分的主语为everything sth nothing anything等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it

9、当neither….nor…. either….or…. both…and…not only…but also…连接并列

主语时,附加部分的主语常用复数代词。

Neither you nor I am wrong, are we? Not only Tom but also Bob has been there, haven’t they?

除此之外,该句型的回答也是考试中的重点,它的回答方法和普通的问句是不一样的,这也是考试中经常会迷惑大家的地方,所以对于它的回答原则也是大家必须要掌握的:

回答该句型通常应根据实际情况来确定,如有人问你You are asleep, aren’t you? 你应回答No, I’m not. 因为既然你能回答,肯定你还没有asleep。但如果别人问你You aren’t asleep, are you?(你还没有睡着,对吗),你也只能回答No, I’m not.(是的,还没有睡着),而不能回答为Yes, I’m not. 也不能回答成Yes, I am.

“It is a beautiful flower,isn't it?”“It isn't a beautiful flower,is it?”

上述两句句子的回答肯定均为“Yes,it is."否定为“No,it isn't."

由上述例子可知,该句型的回答与句子本身所包含的中文肯定与否的含义并无太大关联,只需注意事实,肯定即用yes,否定用no,无需考虑句子原本是前否后肯或是前肯后否。

建议在答题时,先按照实际写后面的答句,再根据前后一致原则写Yes或No。

口诀

反意疑问并不难,陈述疑问句中含。

前后肯否恰相反,否定词缀不能算。

主谓时态要一致,特殊情况记心田。

实际情况来回答,再把yes和no练。

综上所述,该句型的回答就是按实际情况回答。

对该句型的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。

例:—He likes playing football, doesn’t he? 他喜欢踢足球,不是吗?

—Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t. 是的。/ 不是。

—His sister didn’t attend the meeting, did she? 他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?

—Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t. 不,她参加了。/ 是的,她没参加。

英语祈使句详解

英语祈使句详解 1. 种类: 1)、直接祈使句 直接祈使句指对二人称所下的命令。如: Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a shot at it! 试试看! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Don’t have tomato soup!别吃番茄汤! Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一顿美餐! Get your eyes tested! 你去检查一下你的眼睛吧! Drop that gun. or I’ll shoot you.放下枪,不然我就打死你。 2)、间接祈使句 间接祈使句指对一人称或第三人称所下的命令。如: Let me help you. 我来帮你吧! Please let us know when you are arriving. 请告诉我们你何时到达。 Let her do what she likes. 让她做她想做的事吧。 Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。 Don’t let them take advantage of you.别让他们占你的便宜。 2. 祈使句的概念 表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形,不能用其他形式。如: Shut the door! 把门关上! Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧! Let them go by train. 叫他们坐火车去吧。 Come and have dinner with us soon. 一会儿来跟我们一起吃饭吧。 Have fun! 愿你玩得快活! Have a good time! 祝你玩得开心! Have a good day! 祝你度过美好的一天! Have a really good meal! 愿你享受一顿美餐! Have a lovely party! 愿你有一次愉快的聚会! Have a really restful holiday! 愿你度过一次十分悠闲的休假! Have a really interesting debate! 愿你们有一次十分有趣的辩论! Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地! Do not touch these wires. 请勿接触电线! Do not feed the animals! 不许给动物扔食物! Do not feed the lions. 请勿向狮子投喂食物! Don’t be rude.不要无礼。 Don’t you speak to me like that!你别这样跟我讲话! Stir, and you are a dead man. 动一下就要你的命。 Never speak to me like that again. 决不要再那个样子跟我说话。

小升初英语讲解句型:祈使句

小升初英语总复习精讲精练之祈使句 【精讲】今天我们来复习一下小升初常考的最后一个句型:祈使句。祈使句多表示命令、警告、提醒,建议、请求等,主语You通常被省略,以动词原形开头,句尾用句号或者感叹号。我们一起看看下面几个句子: 1、Stand up, please. 请起立! 2、Please keep quiet! 请保持安静! [祈使句的分类] 祈使句按照人称可以分为第一人称祈使句,第二人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。每一种祈使句都有肯定形式和否定形式。上面的例句很明显是第二人称祈使句,省略了你或你们。否定形式直接在句首加Don't。我们一起看看第二人称祈使句的肯定形式和否定形式: 肯定:Open the door! 否定:Don’t open the door. 肯定:Put on your shirt. 否定:Don’t put on your shirt. 肯定:Go home now! 否定:Don’t go home now! 看完了第二人称祈使句,我们再来看看第一人称祈使句的肯定和否定形式。第一人称祈使句通常以Let’s或者Let me开头,后面接动词原形,否定形式直接在动词原形前加not。 肯定:Let’s go out and play. 否定:Let’s not go out and play. 肯定:Let’s do our homework now. 否定:Let’s not do our homework now. 肯定:Let me have a look. 否定:Let me not have a look. 最后我们再来看看第三人称祈使句的肯定和否定形式。第三人称祈使句以Let him/ her/it/them 开头,后面接动词原形,否定形式直接在句首加don’t。 肯定:Let him be here by 8 o’clock. 否定:Don’t let him be here by 8 o’clock. 肯定:Let her doit by herself. 否定:Don’t let her do it by herself. 肯定:Let it go. 否定:Don’t let it go. 祈使句还有一种形式,即:No+名词/动名词,表示禁止。一般用于指示、标牌、布告等: No smoking 禁止吸烟 No parking 禁止停车 No camera 禁止拍照 No entry 禁止进入 No fihing 禁止钓鱼 No climbing 禁止攀爬

祈使句语法复习课程

一. 祈使句的句式特征 祈使句常常是表达说话人对对方的劝告、叮嘱、请求或命令等。因此,祈使句中一般没有主语,但根据其句意,实际上是省略了主语you。祈使句句末用感叹号或句号,朗读时,常用降调。在表达请求或劝告时,在祈使句前或句末可加上please,以使句子的语气更加缓和或客气。祈使句一般没有时态的变化,也不能与情态动词连用。例如:Keep off the grass!勿踩草地! Put the boxes in the small room.把那些盒子放到那个小房间里。 二. 祈使句的肯定句式 祈使句的肯定句式一般分为以下三种类型: 1. 行为动词原形+其他成分。例如: Make sentences after the model.根据例句造句。 2. Be动词+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)。例如: Be careful when crossing the street.过马路时要小心。 3. Let+宾语+动词原形+其他成分。例如: Let him go back now.让他现在回去吧。 三. 祈使句的否定句式 祈使句的否定句式,通常情况下在句首加上Don’t或Never,一般分为以下四种类型: 1. 在祈使句的肯定句式前加Don’t,构成“Don’t+行为动词原形+其他成分”。例如: Don’t say that again!别再那样说了! 2. 在Be动词引起的肯定祈使句前加Don’t,构成“Don’t be+其他成分(形容词、名词或介词短语等)”。例如:Don’t be careless.不要粗心。 注意:在这种句型中be不能省略;否定副词not不可置于be之后。 3. Let引起的祈使句的否定形式有两种:(1)Let开头的祈使句,如果后面跟第一、第三人称名词或代词的宾格,可在Let前加Don’t,也可在Let后宾格的名词或代词后面加not。(2)如果以Let’s开头的祈使句,必须在Let’s 后加not。例如: Don’t let me go with her tomorrow. =Let me not go with her tomorrow. 不要让我明天跟她一起去。 Let’s not tell her the truth whenever we meet her. 无论什么时候我们碰到她,都不要告诉她真相。 4. 在公共场合的提示语中,否定祈使句常用“No+名词/V-ing形式”结构,表示“禁止做某事”。例如: NO PHOTOS! 禁止拍照! 四. 祈使句的反意问句 祈使句的反意疑问句须按其句子结构及讲话人的语气来决定其疑问部分。通常有以下三种形式: 1. 祈使句为肯定句式,其反意疑问句表示请求时,通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时,用won’t you。例如:Be sure to write to us, will you? 你一定要给我们写信,好吗? Come to have dinner with us this evening, won’t you? 今晚来和我们一起吃饭,好吗? 2. 祈使句为否定句式,其反意疑问句通常只用will you。例如: Don’t smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟,好吗? 3. Let开头的祈使句构成反意疑问句时,除Let’s用shall we外,其他均用will you。例如:

反义疑问句讲解及练习题学习资料

1.祈使句。祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意。例如: Look at the blackboard, will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗? Let引导的祈使句有两种情况: 1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we。例如: Let's go home, shall we/ shan't we? 回家吧,好吗? 还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可。 2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you。例如: Let me have a try, will you/won't you? 让我试一试,行吗? 2.感叹句。感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式。例如: What fine weather, isn't it? 多好的天气啊,是吧? 3. 当陈述部分谓语动词是need, dare, used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式。例如: He needs help, doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗? 4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或ain't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not)。例如: I'm working now, ain't I? 我在工作,是吗? 5.陈述部分的主语是everything, nothing, anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it。例如: Something is wrong with my radio, isn't it? 我的收音机出毛病了,是吧? 6.陈述部分的主语是everybody, everyone, anybody, anyone, somebody, someone, nobody, no one, none, neither 时, 其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they。例如: Everyone is here, aren't they? 大家都到了,是吗? No one knows about it, do they? 没有人知道这件事,对吗? 7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they。例如: This is a plane, isn't it? 这是一架飞机,是吗? These are grapes,aren't they? 这些是葡萄,是吗? 8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he)。例如: One should be ready to help others, shouldn't one? 每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧? 9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时:few, little, seldom,hardly, never, not, no, no one, nobody, nothing, none, neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构。例如:He is never late for school, is he? 他上学从不迟到,是吗?

初中语法祈使句专项讲解

初中语法祈使句专项讲解 1、祈使句的概念表示请求、命令、建议、祝愿、邀请或要求的句子叫祈使句。用于祈使句句首的动词总是用原形,不能用其他形式。如:Shut the door! 把门关上!Have a cup of coffee! 喝杯咖啡吧!Let them go by train、叫他们坐火车去吧。祈使句的主语通常为第二人称(you),但一般都被省略,只有在特殊的情况下才把主语(you)补充出来。如:You be quiet! 你安静! You go and tell him, Chris、克立斯,你去告诉他。You wait here for a moment、你在这儿等一会儿。有时祈使句的主语也可以是everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody等不定代词。如:Stand up, everybody! 全体起立!Nobody move、任何人都不许动。 2、祈使句表示强调为了加强祈使句的语气,我们通常是在祈使句的动词原形前加上助动词do,此时通常译为“一定”“务必”等。如:Do be careful、务必要小心。Do let me go、一定让我去。副词never和always有时可用于祈使句句首,表示强调。如:Never do that again、再不要这样做了。Always look in the mirror before starting to drive、一定要先看看反光镜再开车。 3、祈使句的否定式构成祈使句否定式的方法很简单,那就是在动词原形前加don’t不管祈使句所用的动词为什么性质动

词,情况都是一样。如:Open the window、把窗户打开。 →Don’t open the window、别把窗户打开。Come next Monday、下周星期一来。对于以let us或let’s开头的祈使句,其否定式通常是在不定式之前放一个not。如:Let’s tell him the truth、我们把实情告诉他吧。→Let’s not tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他。但在日常口语中,我们也可以把don’t放在let’s之前。如:Let’s don’t tell him the truth、我们不要把实情告诉他) 4、祈使句与连用please为了使祈使句的语气变得委婉,我们可以在祈使句的句首或句末加上please若加在句首,其后不用逗号;若加在句末,则通常会在please前加一个逗号。如:Step this way, please、请这边走。Please type your letter、请把你的信打出来。Open the window, please、请把窗户打开。如果是否定祈使句,则通常将please加在don’t之前。如:Please don’t get angry、请不要生气。Please don’t telephone before8 a、 m、早8点以前请不要打电话。 5、祈使句的时间概念祈使句所表示的时间总是指将来,所以与它连用的句子原则上要用将来时态来与它呼应。如:Give me a hand, will you? 帮我一个忙,好吗?由于give me a hand表示隐含将来意义,所以句中的will you 不能改为do you。Try again and you will succeed、你再试就会成功。由于句中的 try again隐含将来意义,所以句中用了you will succeed,而

最新初中英语语法知识—祈使句的全集汇编含答案解析

一、选择题 1.Summer is coming. Please______ play near the river, It's very dangerous. A.can't B.no C.don't 2.The teacher often says, “ _____ late for school. ” A.Don’t B.Don’t be C.Not D.Doesn’t 3.Peter, ______ more if you want to get high scores in the P.E. test next month. A.practice B.practices C.practicing D.will practice 4.Just______straight and turn left. A.go B.to go C.going 5.Tina, _____________the room by yourself. A.cleans B.will clean C.cleaned D.clean 6.Let’s _____TV. That _____boring. Can we go out to play games? A.watching,sounds B.watch,sound C.watching,sound D.watch,sounds 7.Take more exercise, you will be healthier. A.but B.or C.and 8.—____ —C-O-L-O-R. A.What's this? B.What color is it? C.Spell it, please. 9.-Let's make fruit salad. - _____________ . A.No,I'm not B.Thank you C.That's all right D.That's a good idea 10.Hey, James,__________on the wall. A.doesn't draw B.didn't draw C.don't draw D.drew 11.Please let me ________you if you meet trouble. A.help B.to help C.helps D.helping 12.Don’t _______TV too much . It’s bad for your eyes . A.watch B.watched C.watching D.to watch 13.________the key card in your hotel room. Leave it at the reception desk. A.No leave B.Not leave C.Don't leave D.No leaving 14.Tom, your homework all t he time. It’ not good for your eyes. A.not do B.doesn’t do C.don’t do D.isn’t do 15.________ for me at the bus station across from the post office. I can find you easily.

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祈使句的否定形式一般是在谓语动词前加上do not或don't(口语中), 有时也可用never。若祈使句有主语,否定词don't或never要置于主语之前。 Do not come in uni ess asked.非请莫入。 Don't you believe i t .决不要相信它。 Don't anyone make any no ise .谁也不要吵吵闹闹。 Never be iate again next time. 下一次千万不要再迟到了。 4.祈使句的否定:iet let在祈使句中的否定形式有以下三种: 一、Don't iet Do n' t let the baby fall不要让婴儿摔下来。 Don' t let yourself be eate n by an amateU别让你自己别业余的人吃 掉。 二、Let …not Let ' s not think about it. I am tired of think about it. 咱们别再想那件事了。我已经厌倦了。 Let us not talk about that matter. 咱们别再谈论那个问题了。 三、Let…no (少用) Let there be no mistake about it. 以后别再犯这种错误了。 5.祈使句:动词原形多数的祈使句是以动词原形开头的

2019年小升初英语语法祈使句知识点:以let开头的祈使句用法归纳.doc

2019 年小升初英语语法祈使句知识点:以let 开头的 祈使句用法归纳 小升初英语语法祈使句知识点:以let开头的祈使句用法归纳 let后接第一人称 Let ’s have a look.让我看一下。 Let ’s take a taxi!让我们坐出租车吧! Let ’s give you a hand. 让我协助你。 Let ’s paint it ourselves. 我们自己来刷漆。 Let ’s take a taxi , shall we ?我们坐出租车好吗? Let ’s start now and work till dark. 让我们现在开始工作一直到天黑。 Let ’s go shopping now. The shops will be / should be fairly empty.我们去商店买东西吧。商店里人不会太多。 Let me fix you a drink. 我给你去弄点饮料。 Let me have a try. 我来试一试。 Let me show you how to do it. 我来告诉你怎样做。 Let me pay for myself. 让我自己来付我的那份钱。 Let me have another cup of tea. 给我再来一杯茶。 Let me know if you should hear some more news. 万一你听到更多消息你要通知我。 let后接第二人称(较少见)

Let you and I try to make this all right.让你和我试试把这个做好。 let 后接第三人称 Let her do what she likes. 让她做她想做的事吧。 Let the meat cook slowly. 把肉用慢火炖。 Let XYZ be a triangle. 设 XYZ为一个三角形。 Let the two lines be parallel. 假设两条线是平行的。 Let every man do his best. 让每个人人尽其才。 Let him have his own way. 让他照自己的意思做吧! Let the true cause of the accident be published. 把造成这件意外的真正原因公开吧。 Let him try that game again on me,and I’ll soon put paid to it.他如若再和我玩这把戏,我很快就会叫他收起来。 let后接there be句式 “Let there be no reprisals,” said the widow of the murdered man. 被害者的遗孀说:“千万不要搞复仇。” Let there be light.让地上有光。 Let there be no doubt in your minds about our intentions. 对于我们的意图,你们心里不要有疑问。

反义疑问句讲解和练习(答案)教程文件

反意疑问句 一、英文中的反意疑问句。 1、什么是反意疑问句 英语中,反意疑问句是由陈述句和附在其后的附加疑问句组成。其中附加疑问句是对陈述句所说的事实或观点提出疑问,起证实作用,一般用于证实说话者所说的事实或观点。翻译为“是吗” 2.反意疑问句的回答,回答时,如果情况属实,用Yes加上反问句的倒装肯定句;若果情况不属实,则用No加上反问句的倒装否定句。例如 You were moved by your students, weren’t you? 情况属实:Yes, I were. 情况不属实:No, I weren’t. 二、反意疑问句中问句部分的动词与陈述部分的动词在语气上成相反的对应关系,即:肯定+否定?否定+肯定?如: ①You can’t do it, can you? 你不能做它,是吗? ②They are very late for the meeting, aren’t they? 他们开会迟到了,是吗? 三.当陈述句中含有be动词,助动词,或是情态动词时,反问句部分由这些词加上主语人称代词构成。She is a lovely girl, isn’t she? 她是一个可爱的女孩,是吗? He will go home, __won’t__ __he__?他要回家了,是吗? She doesn’t l ike to eat popcorn, __does__ _she___?她不喜欢吃爆米花,是吗? The baby won’t sleep early, will it?小宝宝睡得不早,是吗? 注意:He has supper at home every day,doesn’t’t he? (不能用hasn’t he?) 他每天在家吃晚饭,是吗? They have known the matter, haven’t they? (不能用don’t they?) 他们已经知道那事情了,是吗? 小试牛刀:It’s very hot today, _______________ ? He can speak Chinese, _______________ ? It _______________ a good day for swimming, is it? Tom has been to Singapore , _______________ ? She do esn’t like climbing hills , _______________ ? 四.当陈述句中只含有行为动词时,若动词加了s,就用does, 若动词为原形,就用do,动词为过去式,则用did,例如: You cleaned your house last week, _didn’t___ __you__?你上周打扫了你的房间,是吗? Your father plays the computer very well, __doesn’t__ ___he _?你父亲电脑技术很好,是吗? They look so happy today, _don’t ___ _they___?你今天看起来很高兴,是吗? 小试牛刀:Meimei studies in a middle school, _______________ ? He loves cold weather , _______________ ? You finished the task yesterday, _______________ ? 五.反意疑问句的陈述部分带有little, few, never, hardly, seldom,nobody, nothing, barely, scarcely 等否定意义的词时,问句部分用肯定式。如:

祈使句练习及讲解

13. 句子的种类 (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。 1)陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。 Light travels faster than sound.光比声速度快。(说明事实) The film is rather boring.这部电影很乏味。 (说明看法) 2)疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题。有以下四种: a.一般疑问句(General Questions): Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b.特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live?你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事? c.选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? d.反意疑问句(Tag-Questions): He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她,对不对? 3)祈使句(Imperative Sentences):提出请求,建议或发出命令,例如:Sit down, please.请坐。 Don't be nervous!别紧张! 4)感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪,例如:What good news it is!多好的消息啊! : 一祈使句练习 1.Don’t (打架)with others. 2. (not read)in the sun because it’s bad for your eyes. 3. No (talk)in class. 4.We can’t listen to music in the classroom.(改为祈使句) to music in the classroom. 5.Eat in class,please.(改为否定句) _________ in class,please. 6.Listen to music in the hallways(改否定句)

祈使句语法

祈使句的常见用法 几种形式: 1. 肯定祈使句(谓语动词用动词原形)。 Be careful!小心! 2. 否定祈使句(在谓语动词前加Do not / Don't / Never)。 Don't open the door. 不要开门。 3. Let开头的祈使句(Let's / Let sb +动词原形)。 Let me have a try. 让我试试吧。 4. “No +名词或动名词”也可以构成祈使句。用于“指示标牌、布告”等,意为“禁止、不许”。 No spitting!不准随地吐痰! No admittance except on business! 非公莫入! 5. 无动词祈使句。有些用于口号、告示的祈使句不用动词,使语言更加简洁明了。如: After you! 您先请! Bottoms up! 干杯! 注意: 1. 祈使句一般不出现主语you。但是,为了加强语气或要特别指明向谁提出命令或要求时,需加主语you,有时还可以同时加称呼语。如:Tom, you water the flowers! 汤姆,你浇花! Come in, everybody! 大家都进来! 2. 祈使句后也可加简略问句,不表示反义,而是表示语气。如: Show me how to use this water pump, won't you? 教我怎样使用这台抽水泵,好吗?Let's make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked, shall / shan't we? 让我们核实一下是否关灯和锁门了,好吗? Let me tidy the lab instead of you, may I? 我替你收拾实验室,好吗? 3. 祈使句也可用于表示祝愿。如: Wish you a good journey. 祝你旅途愉快。 Allow me to propose a toast to our friendship!为我们的友谊干杯!

(完整版)初一祈使句练习及讲解

1 祈使句(Imperative Sentence) 1.1 定义 用于表达意愿、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表达命令,因此在学校文法中也常称为命令句。祈使句因对象(即主语)是第二人称,所以通常都省略。祈使句的动词都为一般现在时,句末则使用句号或感叹号来表示结束,读时用降调。例: Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令) Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.)(请安静。——请求) Be kind to our sister. (对姊妹要和善。——劝告) Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告) Look out!Danger!(小心!危险!——强烈警告) Keep off the grass. (勿践草坪。——禁止) No parking. (禁止停车。——禁止) No eating or drinking. (禁止吃喝。——禁止) No littering. (禁止乱扔垃圾。——禁止) 祈使句也常把主语“Y ou”表达出来,使对方听起来觉得柔和些,例如: You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯去告诉他。) 1.2 概念口诀 祈使句无主语,主语you常省去; 动词原形谓语当,句首加don't变否定; 朗读应当用降调,句末常标感叹号。 1.3 表现形式 1.3.1 肯定句 1.Do型(即:动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 请这边坐。 有的祈使句在意思明确的情况下,动词可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 请这边走。 2.Be型(即:Be + 表语(名词或形容词)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一个好孩子! 3.Let型(即:Let + 宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 让我来帮你。 1.3.2 否定句 1.Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't构成:如:Don't forget me! 不要忘记我! Don't be late for school! 上学不要迟到! 是系表结构——也就是没有行为动词但是有形容词的那种——使用Don't be 有行为动词的就不能这么用,只能用Don't 2.Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let +宾语+ 动词原形+ 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语+ not + 动词原形+ 其它成分”。如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 别让他走。 3.有些可用no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸烟!No fishing! 禁止钓鱼! 1.4 练习 将下列汉语翻译成英语。 1. 请照看好您的包。___________________.

反义疑问句练习题(附答案)

反意疑问句 一、祈使句后的反意疑问句: 祈使句后加一个反意疑问句,使祈使句变得更加委婉。肯定祈使句的反意疑问句通常用will you, won’t you, would you, can you, can’t you等来表达不同的含义。在否定的祈使句后的反意疑问句通常只用will you。 1、表示“请求”,肯定祈使句的反意疑问句用will you。 如:Give me a hand, will you? 2、表示“邀请”、“劝诱”时,肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用won’t you。 如:Have another cup of tea, won’t you? 3、表示“催促”、“不耐烦”时,肯定祈使句后的反意疑问句用can’t you。 如:Stop talking, can’t you? 4、用“Let’s…”开头的肯定祈使句表示“提议、建议、主”,其后的反意疑问句用shall we。如:Let’s have a try, shall we? 但是以Let us…或Let me…开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句则要用will you。 如:Let us go now, will you? 5、否定祈使句的反意疑问句只用will you。如:Don’t take away my dictionary, will you? 以Let’s not…开头的祈使句后的反意疑问句,用all right或OK。 二、复合句的反意疑问句 其反意疑问的主谓语视其主要容而定,不能一概说以主句为准还是以从句为准。 1、多数复合句后的反意疑问句的主、谓语同主句的主、谓语一致。 如:He said he was a teacher, didn’t he 2、①主句是I think(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect, imagine, feel, am afraid, hear, say等)+宾语从句时,反意疑问句的主、谓语应与从句的主、谓语一致。 如:I don’t think he will come, will he? ②述部分如果是“I don’t think(believe,suppose,expect…)+宾语从句”时,疑问部分中的动词和主语应与宾语从句中的动词和主语保持一致,并且要用肯定形式;由于主句中的否定其实是因后接的宾语从句转移到主句,其从句仍为否定句,故其回答应用肯定式,如: --We don’t imagine the twins have arrived,have they? --Yes,they have.(不,他们到了)/No,they haven’t.(是的,他们没到) ③当主句的主语为二、三人称即You/He/She/It thinks(suppose, consider, believe, guess, expect, imagine, feel, am afraid, hear, say等)+宾语从句时,其后的问句应与主句相一致(此时,否定只看主句,与从句无关),如: Your sister supposes she needs no help,doesn’t she? 3、并列复合句的反意疑问句的主、谓语应与相近的分句的主、谓语相一致。 如:John isn’t a hard-working student, for he has been late for three times, hasn’t he? 三、含有情态动词或助动词的反意疑问句: 1、当述部分含有情态动词must,其意义表示“必须、必要”时,其后的反意疑问句用mustn’t或needn’t。如: ①You must do it today, mustn’t you? ②She must look after her sister, needn’t she?

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