问题A：除非超车否则靠右行驶的交通规则 在一些汽车靠右行驶的国家（比如美国，中国等等），多车道的高速公路常常遵循以下原则：司机必须在最右侧驾驶，除非他们正在超车，超车时必须先移到左侧车道在超车后再返回。建立数学模型来分析这条规则在低负荷和高负荷状态下的交通路况的表现。你不妨考察一下流量和安全的权衡问题,车速过高过低的限制，或者这个问题陈述中可能出现的其他因素。这条规则在提升车流量的方面是否有效？如果不是，提出能够提升车流量、安全系数或其他因素的替代品（包括完全没有这种规律）并加以分析。在一些国家，汽车靠左形式是常态，探讨你的解决方案是否稍作修改即可适用，或者需要一些额外的需要。最后，以上规则依赖于人的判断，如果相同规则的交通运输完全在智能系统的控制下，无论是部分网络还是嵌入使用的车辆的设计，在何种程度上会修改你前面的结果？ 问题B：大学传奇教练 体育画报是一个为运动爱好者服务的杂志，正在寻找在整个上个世纪的“史上最好的大学教练”。建立数学模型选择大学中在一下体育项目中最好的教练：曲棍球或场地曲棍球，足球，棒球或垒球，篮球，足球。 时间轴在你的分析中是否会有影响？比如1913年的教练和2013年的教练是否会有所不同？清晰的对你的指标进行评估，讨论一下你的模型应用在跨越性别和所有可能对的体育项目中的效果。展示你的模型中的在三种不同体育项目中的前五名教练。 除了传统的MCM格式，准备一个1到2页的文章给体育画报，解释你的结果和包括一个体育迷都明白的数学模型的非技术性解释。 使用网络测量的影响和冲击 学术研究的技术来确定影响之一是构建和引文或合著网络的度量属性。与人合写一手稿通常意味着一个强大的影响力的研究人员之间的联系。最著名的学术合作者是20世纪的数学家保罗鄂尔多斯曾超过500的合作者和超过1400个技术研究论文发表。讽刺的是,或者不是,鄂尔多斯也是影响者在构建网络的新兴交叉学科的基础科学,尤其是，尽管他与Alfred Rényi的出版物“随即图标”在1959年。鄂尔多斯作为合作者的角色非常重要领域的数学,数学家通常衡量他们亲近鄂尔多斯通过分析鄂尔多斯的令人惊讶的是大型和健壮的合著网络网站(见http:// https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/enp/)。保罗的与众不同、引人入胜的故事鄂尔多斯作为一个天才的数学家,才华横溢的problemsolver,掌握合作者提供了许多书籍和在线网站(如。,https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/Biographies/Erdos.html)。也许他流动的生活方式,经常住在带着合作者或居住,并给他的钱来解决问题学生奖,使他co-authorships蓬勃发展并帮助构建了惊人的网络在几个数学领域的影响力。为了衡量这种影响asErdos生产,有基于网络的评价工具,使用作者和引文数据来确定影响因素的研究,出版物和期刊。一些科学引文索引,Hfactor、影响因素,特征因子等。谷歌学术搜索也是一个好的数据工具用于网络数据收集和分析影响或影响。ICM 2014你的团队的目标是分析研究网络和其他地区的影响力和影响社会。你这样做的任务包括: 1)构建networkof Erdos1作者合著者(你可以使用我们网站https://files.oak https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/users/grossman/enp/Erdos1.htmlor的文件包括Erdos1.htm)。你应该建立一个合作者网络Erdos1大约有510名研究人员的文件,与鄂尔多斯的一篇论文的合著者,他但不包括鄂尔多斯。这将需要一些技术数据提取和建模工作获
Camping along the Big Long River Summary In this paper, the problem that allows more parties entering recreation system is investigated. In order to let park managers have better arrangements on camping for parties, the problem is divided into four sections to consider. The first section is the description of the process for single-party's rafting. That is, formulating a Status Transfer Equation of a party based on the state of the arriving time at any campsite. Furthermore, we analyze the encounter situations between two parties. Next we build up a simulation model according to the analysis above. Setting that there are recreation sites though the river, count the encounter times when a new party enters this recreation system, and judge whether there exists campsites available for them to station. If the times of encounter between parties are small and the campsite is available, the managers give them a good schedule and permit their rafting, or else, putting off the small interval time t until the party satisfies the conditions. Then solve the problem by the method of computer simulation. We imitate the whole process of rafting for every party, and obtain different numbers of parties, every party's schedule arrangement, travelling time, numbers of every campsite's usage, ratio of these two kinds of rafting boats, and time intervals between two parties' starting time under various numbers of campsites after several times of simulation. Hence, explore the changing law between the numbers of parties (X) and the numbers of campsites (Y) that X ascends rapidly in the first period followed by Y's increasing and the curve tends to be steady and finally looks like a S curve. In the end of our paper, we make sensitive analysis by changing parameters of simulation and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of our model, and write a memo to river managers on the arrangements of rafting. Key words: Camping；Computer Simulation; Status Transfer Equation
摘要： 第一段：写论文解决什么问题 1．问题的重述 a. 介绍重点词开头： 例1：“Hand move” irrigation, a cheap but labor-intensive system used on small farms, consists of a movable pipe with sprinkler on top that can be attached to a stationary main. 例2:……is a real-life common phenomenon with many complexities. 例3：An (effective plan) is crucial to……… b. 直接指出问题： 例 1：We find the optimal number of tollbooths in a highway toll-plaza for a given number of highway lanes: the number of tollbooths that minimizes average delay experienced by cars. 例2：A brand-new university needs to balance the cost of information technology security measures with the potential cost of attacks on its systems. 例3：We determine the number of sprinklers to use by analyzing the energy and motion of water in the pipe and examining the engineering parameters of sprinklers available in the market. 例4: After mathematically analyzing the …… problem, our modeling group would like to pres ent our conclusions, strategies, (and recommendations )to the ……. 例5：Our goal is... that (minimizes the time )………. 2．解决这个问题的伟大意义 反面说明。如果没有…… Without implementing defensive measure, the university is exposed to an expected loss of $8.9 million per year. 3．总的解决概述 a．通过什么方法解决什么问题 例：We address the problem of optimizing amusement park enjoyment through distributing Quick Passes (QP), reservation slips that ideally allow an individual to spend less time waiting in line. b．实际问题转化为数学模型
Your Paper's Title Starts Here: Please Center use Helvetica (Arial) 14 论文的题目从这里开始：用Helvetica (Arial)14号 FULL First Author1, a, FULL Second Author2,b and Last Author3,c 第一第二第三作者的全名 1Full address of first author, including country 第一作者的地址全名，包括国家 2Full address of second author, including country 第二作者的地址全名，包括国家 3List all distinct addresses in the same way 第三作者同上 a email, b email, c email 第一第二第三作者的邮箱地址 Keywords:List the keywords covered in your paper. These keywords will also be used by the publisher to produce a keyword index. 关键字：列出你论文中的关键词。这些关键词将会被出版者用作制作一个关键词索引。 For the rest of the paper, please use Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12 论文的其他部分请用Times Roman (Times New Roman) 12号字 Abstract. This template explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready paper for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. Please make the page settings of your word processor to A4 format (21 x 29,7 cm or 8 x 11 inches); with the margins: bottom 1.5 cm (0.59 in) and top 2.5 cm (0.98 in), right/left margins must be 2 cm (0.78 in). 摘要：这个模板解释和示范供稿技术刊物有限公司时，如何准备你的供相机使用文件。最好读这些指示说明并且跟随着这篇文章的大纲走。 We shall be able to publish your paper in electronic form on our web page , if the paper format and the margins are correct. 如果论文的格式和页面设置是正确的，我们将能够将您的电子版论文登在我们的主页。 Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc. 当设计你的数字和表格等时，请铭记你的原稿将由出版商进行20%的删减。Introduction All manuscripts must be in English, also the table and figure texts, otherwise we cannot publish your paper. 所有原稿必须是英文，包括表格和数字内容，否则我们不会出版你的论文。
The Keep-Right-Except-To-Pass Rule Summary As for the first question, it provides a traffic rule of keep right except to pass, requiring us to verify its effectiveness. Firstly, we define one kind of traffic rule different from the rule of the keep right in order to solve the problem clearly; then, we build a Cellular automaton model and a Nasch model by collecting massive data; next, we make full use of the numerical simulation according to several influence factors of traffic flow; At last, by lots of analysis of graph we obtain, we indicate a conclusion as follow: when vehicle density is lower than 0.15, the rule of lane speed control is more effective in terms of the factor of safe in the light traffic; when vehicle density is greater than 0.15, so the rule of keep right except passing is more effective In the heavy traffic. As for the second question, it requires us to testify that whether the conclusion we obtain in the first question is the same apply to the keep left rule. First of all, we build a stochastic multi-lane traffic model; from the view of the vehicle flow stress, we propose that the probability of moving to the right is 0.7and to the left otherwise by making full use of the Bernoulli process from the view of the ping-pong effect, the conclusion is that the choice of the changing lane is random. On the whole, the fundamental reason is the formation of the driving habit, so the conclusion is effective under the rule of keep left. As for the third question, it requires us to demonstrate the effectiveness of the result advised in the first question under the intelligent vehicle control system. Firstly, taking the speed limits into consideration, we build a microscopic traffic simulator model for traffic simulation purposes. Then, we implement a METANET model for prediction state with the use of the MPC traffic controller. Afterwards, we certify that the dynamic speed control measure can improve the traffic flow . Lastly neglecting the safe factor, combining the rule of keep right with the rule of dynamical speed control is the best solution to accelerate the traffic flow overall. Key words：Cellular automaton model Bernoulli process Microscopic traffic simulator model The MPC traffic control
Titile Summary During cell division, mitotic spindles are assembled by microtubule-based motor proteins1, 2. The bipolar organization of spindles is essential for proper segregation of chromosomes, and requires plus-end-directed homotetrameric motor proteins of the widely conserved kinesin-5 (BimC) family3. Hypotheses for bipolar spindle formation include the 'push?pull mitotic muscle' model, in which kinesin-5 and opposing motor proteins act between overlapping microtubules2, 4, 5. However, the precise roles of kinesin-5 during this process are unknown. Here we show that the vertebrate kinesin-5 Eg5 drives the sliding of microtubules depending on their relative orientation. We found in controlled in vitro assays that Eg5 has the remarkable capability of simultaneously moving at 20 nm s-1 towards the plus-ends of each of the two microtubules it crosslinks. For anti-parallel microtubules, this results in relative sliding at 40 nm s-1, comparable to spindle pole separation rates in vivo6. Furthermore, we found that Eg5 can tether microtubule plus-ends, suggesting an additional microtubule-binding mode for Eg5. Our results demonstrate how members of the kinesin-5 family are likely to function in mitosis, pushing apart interpolar microtubules as well as recruiting microtubules into bundles that are subsequently polarized by relative sliding. We anticipate our assay to be a starting point for more sophisticated in vitro models of mitotic spindles. For example, the individual and combined action of multiple mitotic motors could be tested, including minus-end-directed motors opposing Eg5 motility. Furthermore, Eg5 inhibition is a major target of anti-cancer drug development, and a well-defined and quantitative assay for motor function will be relevant for such developments
当我谈数学建模时我谈些什么——美赛一等奖经验总结 作者：彭子未 前言：2012 年3月28号晚，我知道了美赛成绩，一等奖（Meritorus Winner），没有太多的喜悦，只是感觉释怀，一年以来的努力总算有了回报。从国赛遗憾丢掉国奖，到美赛一等，这一路走来太多的不易，感谢我的家人、队友以及朋友的支持，没有你们，我无以为继。 这篇文章在美赛结束后就已经写好了，算是对自己建模心得体会的一个总结。现在成绩尘埃落定，我也有足够的自信把它贴出来，希望能够帮到各位对数模感兴趣的同学。 欢迎大家批评指正，欢迎与我交流，这样我们才都能进步。 个人背景：我2010年入学，所在的学校是广东省一所普通大学，今年大二，学工商管理专业，没学过编程。 学校组织参加过几届美赛，之前唯一的一个一等奖是三年前拿到的，那一队的主力师兄凭借这一奖项去了北卡罗来纳大学教堂山分校，学运筹学。今年再次拿到一等奖，我创了两个校记录：一是第一个在大二拿到数模美赛一等奖，二是第一个在文科专业拿数模美赛一等奖。我的数模历程如下： 2011.4 校内赛三等奖 2011.8 通过选拔参加暑期国赛培训（学校之前不允许大一学生参加） 2011.9 国赛广东省二等奖 2011.11 电工杯三等奖 2012.2 美赛一等奖（Meritorious Winner） 动机：我参加数学建模的动机比较单纯，完全是出于兴趣。我的专业是工商管理，没有学过编程，觉得没必要学。我所感兴趣的是模型本身，它的思想，它的内涵，它的发展过程、它的适用问题等等。我希望通过学习模型，能够更好的去理解一些现象，了解其中蕴含的数学机理。数学模型中包含着一种简洁的哲学，深刻而迷人。 当然获得荣誉方面的动机可定也有，谁不想拿奖呢？ 模型：数学模型的功能大致有三种：评价、优化、预测。几乎所有模型都是围绕这三种功能来做的。比如，今年美赛A题树叶分类属于评价模型，B题漂流露营安排则属于优化模型。 对于不同功能的模型有不同的方法，例如评价模型方法有层次分析、模糊综合评价、熵值法等；优化模型方法有启发式算法（模拟退火、遗传算法等）、仿真方法（蒙特卡洛、元胞自动机等）；预测模型方法有灰色预测、神经网络、马尔科夫链等。在数学中国网站上有许多关于这些方法的相关介绍与文献。
点评：航空货运问题 一、基本参数 1、货机：假设均匀分布 每天三架货机。 2、工作时间5：00—20：00设置为 t ：[0，15]？ 每天货机到达时间：5：00—20：00； 一工作组装满装卸场：6小时；一货机装满：3小时； 装卸台的容量：1.5货机； 3、费用系数： 停机费（等待装货）：15000元/小时架 一工作组：每小时9000元；二工作组：每小时12000元 4、服务原则：假设先来先服务 二、模型建立：概率计算模型 （一）概率分布 1、三架货机到达的时刻3,2,1,=i t i 服从[0，15]上的均匀分布，则： 密度函数：()1 ,01515 f t t = ≤≤ 分布函数：(),01515 t F t t = ≤≤ 2、设τ,δ,ε分别是首架货机到达时刻、第一架与第二架间隔、第二架与第三架间隔，
（1）τ的分布函数 3 31321321321321321))(1(1))(1(1)()()(1),,(1) ()()},,(min{) ()(1t F t t P t t P t t P t t P t t t t t t P t t t t t t P t t t t t t P t t t t P t P t F t --=≤--=>>>-=>>>-=≤?≤?≤-Ω=≤?≤?≤=≤=≤=ττ τ 的密度函数： ()()()1125 15151)151(3]1[3)(')(2 22 11-=-=-==t t t f t F t F t f t t ττ ]15,0[∈t （2）其余两货机到达与第一个到达的货机的间隔21,t t ??在0到15-τ之间是均匀分布的 于是： τ -=?151)(t f i t , τ-≤≤150t ；τ-=?15)(t t F i t , τ-≤≤150t ，i =1,2 δ 的密度函数 /121212()()()1() 1()() F t P t P t t t t P t t t t P t t P t t δτδ=≤=?≤?≤=-?>?>=-?>?> 221)](1[1)](1[11t F t t P t ?--=≤?--= ()()2//15152)()](1[2)(')(11---= -==??τττδτδt t f t F t F t f t t （3）第三架货机到达与第二个到达的货机的间隔ε在0和15-δ-τ之间是均匀分布的， 于是： ε 的密度函数
2019 MCM/ICM Summary Sheet (Your team's summary should be included as the first page of your electronic submission.) Type a summary of your results on this page. Do not include the name of your school, advisor , or team members on this page. Ecosystems provide many natural processes to maintain a healthy and sustainable environment after human life. However, over the past decades, rapid industrial development and other anthropogenic activities have been limiting or removing ecosystem services. It is necessary to access the impact of human activities on biodiversity and environmental degradation. The main purpose of this work is to understand the true economic costs of land use projects when ecosystem services are considered. To this end, we propose an ecological service assessment model to perform a cost benefit analysis of land use development projects of varying sites, from small-scale community projects to large national projects. We mainly focus on the treatment cost of environmental pollution in land use from three aspects: air pollution, solid waste and water pollution. We collect pollution data nationwide from 2010 to 2015 to estimate economic costs. We visually analyze the change in economic costs over time via some charts. We also analyze how the economic cost changes with time by using linear regression method. We divide the data into small community projects data (living pollution data) and large natural data (industrial pollution data). Our results indicate that the economic costs of restoring economical services for different scales of land use are different. For small-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of living pollution is about 30 million every year in China. With the rapid development of technology, the cost is lower than past years. For large-scale land, according to our analysis, the treatment cost of industrial pollution is about 8 million, which is lower than cost of living pollution. Meanwhile the cost is trending down due to technology development. The theory developed here provides a sound foundation for effective decision making policies on land use projects. Key words: economic cost , ecosystem service, ecological service assesment model, pollution. Team Control Number For office use only For office use only T1 ________________ F1 ________________ T2 ________________ F2 ________________ T3 ________________ Problem Chosen F3 ________________ T4 ________________ F4 ________________ E
美赛参赛规则和注意事项 比赛开始前： 1、所有的参赛队必须在美国东部时间2014年2月6号（星期四）下午2点前完成注册。此注册过程需要由指导老师完成。 2、缴费。注册完成之后各个队伍需要缴纳100美元的报名费。 3、完成缴费后，每个参赛队伍会获得一个控制编号，获得控制编号意味着报名成功，同时控制编号是识别队伍的唯一标志。 4、在比赛前或比赛中希望更改参赛信息的，都需要通过指导老师进行更改。 5、指导老师需在完成注册和缴费之后确认队伍的相关资料，并打印含有队伍控制编号和摘要的页面，这会在准备邮包时用到。 选择参赛队成员： 1、各队需要在美国东部时间2014年2月6日（星期四）晚上8点大赛开始以前选择好参赛队的队员。一旦比赛开始，就不能增加或是改变任何一个参赛队队员。 2、每个参赛队伍最多只可由3名学生组成。 3、一个学生最多只能参加一个队伍。 4、参赛队成员必须与指导老师来自同一所学校。 比赛开始之后： 1、美国东部时间2014年2月6日（星期四）晚上8点竞赛开始时，可以通过竞赛网站得到题目。美国东部时间2014年2月6日晚7点50分，比赛题目也会同步发布于一下镜像网站：https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/mcm/index.html https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/mcm/index.html https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/mcm/index.html https://www.doczj.com/doc/472038178.html,/mcm/index.html 2、每个参赛队伍可以从三道赛题中任选一道。 3、参赛队准备解决方案。参赛队可以利用任何非生命提供的数据和资料——包括计算机，软件，参考书目，网站，书籍等，但是所有引用的资料必须注明出处，如有参赛队未注明引用的内容的出处，将被取消参赛资格。参赛队成员不允许向指导教师或者除了本团队成员以外的其他人寻求帮助或讨论问题。与除本团队成员以外的人的任何形式的接触都是严格禁止
你的论文需要从此开始 请居中 使用Arial14字体 第一作者，第二作者和其他（使用Arial14字体） 1.第一作者的详细地址，包括国籍和email(使用Arial11) 2.第二作者的详细地址，包括国籍和email(使用Arial11) 3.将所有的详细信息标记为相同格式 关键词 列出文章的关键词。这些关键词会被出版方用作关键词索引(使用Arial11字体） 论文正文使用Times New Roman12字体 摘要 这一部分阐述说明了如何为TransTechPublications.准备手稿。最好阅读这些用法说明并且整篇论文都是遵照这个提纲。手稿的正文部分应该是17cm*25cm（宽*高）的格式（或者是6.7*9.8英尺）。请不要在这个区域以外书写。请使用21*29厘米或8*11英尺的质量较好的白纸。你的手稿可能会被出版商缩减20%。在制图和绘表格时候请特别注意这些准则。 引言 所有的语言都应该是英语。请备份你的手稿（以防在邮寄过程中丢失）我们收到手稿即默认为原作者允许我们在期刊和书报出版。如果作者在论文中使用了其他刊物中的图表，他们需要联系原作者，获取使用权。将单词或词组倾斜以示强调。除了每一部分的标题（标记部分的标题），不要加粗正文或大写首字母。使用激光打印机，而不是点阵打印机 正文的组织： 小标题 小标题应该加粗并注意字母的大小写。第二等级的小标题被视为后面段落的一部分（就像这一大段的一小部分的开头） 页码 不要打印页码。请用淡蓝色铅笔在每一张纸的左下角（在打印区域以外）标注数字。 脚注 脚注应该单独放置并且和正文分开理想地情况下，脚注应该出现在参考文献页，并且放在文章的末尾，和正文用分割线分开。 表格 表格（如表一，表二，...）应该放在正文当中，是正文的一部分，但是，要避免文本混乱。一个描述性的表格标题要放在图表的下方。标题应该独立的放在表格的下方或旁边。 表中的单位应放在中括号中[兆伏]如果中括号不可用，需使用大括号{兆}或小括号（兆)。1.这就是脚注
第一段：写论文解决什么问题 1．问题的重述 a. 介绍重点词开头： 例1：“Hand move” irrigation, a cheap but labor-intensive small farms, a movable pipe with sprinkler on top that can be attached to a stationary main. 例2:……is a real-life common phenomenon with many complexities. 例3：An (effective plan) is crucial to……… b. 直接指出问题： 例1：number of tollbooths in a highway toll-plaza for a given number of highway lanes: the number of tollbooths that minimizes average delay experienced by cars. 例2：A brand-new university needs to balance the cost of information technology security measures with the potential cost of attacks on its systems. 例3：We determine the number of sprinklers to use by analyzing the energy and motion of water in the pipe the engineering parameters of sprinklers available in the market. 数学建模美赛论文 例4: After mathematically analyzing the …… problem, our modeling group would like to present our conclusions, strategies, (and recommendations )to the ……. 例5：Our goal is... that (minimizes the time )………. 2．解决这个问题的伟大意义 反面说明。如果没有…… implementing defensive measure, the university is exposed to an expected of $8.9 million per year. 3．总的解决概述 a．通过什么方法解决什么问题 例：amusement park enjoyment through distributing Quick Passes (QP), reservation slips that ideally allow an individual to spend less time waiting in line. b．实际问题转化为数学模型 例1 a network flow vertices are the locations of escorts and wheelchair passengers. 例2 : A na?ve strategy would be to employ the minimum number of escorts to guarantee that all passengers reach their gates on time. c.将问题分阶段考虑 例3：the jump three : flying through the air, punching through the stack, and landing on the ground. 第二、三段：具体分析