2012年公共英语等级(PETS1)全真预测试卷(3)
总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：90分
本节中，你将听到10个句子，每个句产配有[A]、[B]、[C]三幅图片，请选择与句子内容相符合的一幅图片，并标在试卷的相应位置。每句话后有15秒钟的停顿，以便选择图片并看下一组图片。每句话读两遍。
(1){MP3:https://www.doczj.com/doc/4d8468436.html,/examfiles/2012/listenfiles/pets/pets01-3.mp3}
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在本节中，你将听到15段对话．每段对话后有一个问题。请从[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话后有15秒钟的停顿，以便回答问题并阅读下一问题及其选项。每段对话读两遍。
(1)How does the man feel about the movie?
A. Borin
B. Interestin
C. Excitin
(2)What do we learn from the dialogue?
A. Thewomancaughttherainyesterdayafternoon
B. Themandidn’tgohomeyesterdayafternoon
C. Themangothomewhenitbegantorainyesterdayafternoon
(3)What does the woman mean?
A. Shewantstoknowthesuggestionofthemar
B. Shehashadherownpla
C. Shehastowritealette
(4)What will the woman do?
A. ShewillfindTrac
B. Shewillgoou
C. ShewillphoneTrac
(5)What number does the man actually want to dial?
A. 643—2136．
B. 643—2316．
C. 634—2136．
(6)What will the man most probably do this weekend?
A. Dohishomewor
B. Travelwiththewoma
C. Handinhishomewor
(7)Why doesn’t the woman finish her homework?
A. Becauseshedoesn’tlikei
B. Becauseshedoesn’tknowhowto doi
C. Becausesheknowstheanswe
(8)What is Paul going to do now?
A. Getu
B. Havemoreslee
C. Havehisbreakfas
(9)When will the dress be ready?
A. ByTuesdaymornin
B. ByThursdayafternoo
C. ByThursdaymornin
(10)What does the woman mean?
A. Shemadetheskirthersel
B. Hermothermadetheskirtforhe
C. Hermotherboughttheskirtforhe
(11)What doas the woman mean?
A. Paulisangr
B. Paulmaybeangr
C. Paulisn’tangry?
(12)What does the woman suggest?
A. 0rangesandbanana
B. Grapesandbanana
C. Apples andgrapes?
(13)What do we learn from the man?
A. He’ll go toAmerica
B. He’IIgowiththewoman
C. He’sunwillingtogotoAmerica
(14)Where are the speakers?
A. Inasho
B. Inapark
C. Inthestree
(15)What’s the boy’s trouble?
A. He’sil
B. Hehasanacciden
C. Hecan’tfinishhishomework
第二部分英语知识运用
第一节单项填空从[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(1)Do you know that woman__________black?
A. with
B. on
C. in
(2)They lost their way in the forest，and_________made matters worse was that the night began to fall．
A. that
B. what
C. it
(3)He feels lonely．He has__________friends here except me．
A. few
B. little
C. some
(4)How much does the ticket__________from Shanghai to Beijing?
A. cost
B. spend
C. take
(5)I __________ the picture from the wall in order to clean it．
A. tookdown
B. setup
C. lookedat
(6)This class__________now．Miss Gao teaches them．
A. arestudying
B. isstudying
C. bestudying
(7)If you go into trouble，you can__________your teacher__________help．
A. ask；for
B. help；with
C. look；for
(8)My mother asked me__________her with the cooking．
A. helps
B. tohelp
C. helping
(9)—Who’s that speaking?__________
A. IamJack
B. ThisisJackspeaking
C. Jackisme
(10)Would you mind__________this bag for me while I open the door?
A. tohold
B. holding
C. hold
(11)__________it is raining，__________no one leaves the sports ground
A. Because；/
B. Although；/
C. Although；but
(12)The bag__________books__________mine．
A. fullof；are
B. fullof；is
C. fullin；are
(13)“John，get up please．I think you’re old enough__________yourself”mother said．
A. todress
B. towear
C. toputon
(14)__________How many foreigners come to China every year?__________It’s hard to say．__________people，I think．
A. Millionof
B. Millionsof
C. Twomillionof
(15)This book should be returned to the library__________the end of this month．
A. by
B. from
C. in
第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡l上将该项涂黑。
(1)请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题：
"{TS} [A]our horne[B]the world[C]a factory
(2)[A]pieased[B]no use[C]interesting
(3)[A]carry[B]bring[C]give
(4)[A]news[B]ways[C]answers
(5)[A]again[B]also[C]too
(6)[A]call[B]see[C]look
(7)[A]most[B]many[C]every
(8)[A]work[B]jobs[C]holidays
(9)[A]sorry[B]glad[C]sure
(10)[A]in the sea[B]0n land[C]under the ground
第三部分阅读理解
第一部分词语配伍从选项中选出与题目意义相符的选项。
(1)请根据以下选项，回答{TSE}题：
{TS}51题选择（）
(2)52题选择（）
(3)53题选择（）
(4)54题选择（）
(5)55题选择（）
第二节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(1)请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题：
{TS}Those thin women are more popular than those fat women．
A. Righ
B. Wron
C. Doesn’tsa
(2)Many girls want to be thin because they want to be models.
A. Righ
B. Wron
C. Doesn’tsa
(3)Americans never tell others about their weight．
A. Righ
B. Wron
C. Doesn’tsa
(4)Dieting may become bad for people’S health．
A. Righ
B. Wron
C. Doesn’tsa
(5)It is not polite for people to say that somebody is fat．
A. Righ
B. Wron
C. Doesn’tsa
(6)请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题：
{ TS}One night the Frenchman went out for a walk
A. byhimself
B. withhiswife
C. withanItalian
(7)Why did the Frenchman decide to follow the young man?
A. Becausetheyoungmanwalkedsofas
B. Becausehewantedtocatchtheyoungma
C. Becausehewantedtofrightentheyoungma
(8)The underlined word“frightened”in the passage means____．
A. threated
B. terrified
C. surprised
(9)Why did the Italian take off his watch and give it to the Frenchman?
A. BecausehehadtakenthewatchfromtheFrenchma
B. Becausehehadpickedupthewatchonhiswayfromwor
C. BecausehewasafraidoftheFrenchma
(10)Who was robbed in the story?
A. TheFrenchma
B. TheItalia
C. Neitherofthe
(11)请根据以下内容回答{TSE}题：
{T S}You are 26 years old and are interested in teaching．You should apply to_____．
A. CapesTaxi，17PalaceRoad，Boston
B. Recruitmentoffice，SouthernAirlines，HeathrowAirportWest，HR37UK
C. TheDirectorofStudies，InstantLanguagesLt，279CanalStreet，Boston
(12)What prevents Jack，an experienced taxi driver，working for Capes Taxi?
A. Unabletospeakaforeignlanguag
B. Punishedforspeedingandwrongparkin
C. Nothavingcollegeeducatio
(13)Alice，aged 24，with a height of 1．70 m，has just graduated from a college and can speak English and Chinese．Which job might be given to her?
A. AsanairhostessinSouthernAirline
B. AsateacheratInstantLanguageLt
C. Asababysitterfortwochildre
(14)What might prevent Mary，aged 25，becoming a babysitter?
A. Sheoncebrokeatrafficlawandwasfine
B. Shehasneverworkedasababysitterbefor
C. Shecan’tspeakJapaneseverywel
(15)Which of the following isn’t included in babysitter’s duties?
A. Dressingtwochildre
B. Cookingthedinne
C. Doingsomehomewor
第四部分写作
第一节改写句子
(1)下面是关于参加Tony生日聚会的三对句子。每对句子中，第一句是原句，第二句是对第一句的改写。要求根据原句和第二句中已经给出的部分补全第二句。
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第二节书面表达
(1)
答案和解析
本节中，你将听到10个句子，每个句产配有[A]、[B]、[C]三幅图片，请选择与句子内容相符合的一幅图片，并标在试卷的相应位置。每句话后有15秒钟的停顿，以便选择图片并看下一组图片。每句话读两遍。
(1) :A
图片中是三种表情，听音时注意句中与表情、心情等相关的词汇即可。本题句中出现的是crying(哭)，因此答案是[A]。(2) :B
本题图片中是三种穿戴用品，听音时发现句中只提到了(putonmy)socks(袜子)一词，因此答案就是[B]。
(3) :C
由图片即可看出，本题属于日期题，因此听音时只要抓住材料中与日期有关的词汇即可。本题的关键词是onTuesday(在星期二)，因此答案就是[C]。
(4) :B
由图片可以看出本题属于人物身份判断。材料中提到的关键词是policeman(警察)，因此答案是[B]。
(5) :B
本题图片是三种交通工具，因此考查的应当是交通方式，在听音时注意句中“by+交通工具“这一结构。本题句中出现的是bybus，因此选[B]。
(6) :A
材料中提示的关键词是teacher(老师)和blackboard(黑板)，因此答案是[A]。
(7) :C
本题图片是鲜花、水果和蔬菜三种不同的物品，听音时注意与它们相关的一些名词即可。句中出现的是vegetables(蔬菜)，因此答案是[C]。
(8) :A
图片表示的是三种运动。句中出现的是Marathonrace(马拉松赛跑)，是跑步运动，选[A]。
(9) :B
图片中是三个不同的紧急电话号码。这种题目可以用情景设题，也可直接针对数字设题。句中直接出现了号码119，也出现了fire(火灾)这一情景，考生不难确定答案。
(10) :C
本题图片是三种场景或者地址，因此听音时注意与这些地点相关的词汇即可。句中出现了thepostoffice(邮局)和send(寄)，由这两处即可知答案应选[C]。在本节中，你将听到15段对话．每段对话后有一个问题。请从[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。每段对话后有15秒钟的停顿，以便回答问题并阅读下一问题及其选项。每段对话读两遍。
(1) :A
本题属于婉转表达，需要考生在听懂对话内容的基础上进行推断。对话中女士指出电影很有意思，她希望男士和她一样喜欢这部电影，而男士回答说：Ifellasleepafterthefirstthirtyminutes(开始30分钟后我就睡着了)。根据其语气和常识可知，他肯定是认为该电影没有意思，即boring(乏味的)，否则他就不会睡着。当然，考生还需要掌握选项中boring这个词的意思才行。
(2) :C
本题关键是理解男士话语中所使用的not...until...这已特殊句式的意思。男士首先否定回答了女士的问题，说明他没有淋雨，然后他指出，他到家后才下雨，故本题答案就是[C]。(3) :A 对话中男士先问女士周日是否有空，女士肯定回答，并问男士有何建议，其目的就是想知道男士的建议，选[A]。其余两项都与对话内容不符。
(4) :A
本题关键是听懂女士回答中的第二句：I’llfindherforyou(我给你去找她)。此外，由canIspeakto...及holdon(别挂断)这两个常用语可知，他们是在电话交谈。
(5) :A
本题考查的是数字的听音及推断。男士问自己拨的号码是不是643—2136(这表明他本来想拨的就是这个号码)，但女士指出他拨的号码是643～2316。此外，本题考生还应注意看清问题问的是什么，不要误认为问的是男士拨了哪个电话号码而选[B]。
(6) :A
本题男士的回答属于婉转表达。女士询问男士周末做什么，男士没有直接回答，而是指出一种事实：IhavealotofhomeworkandImusthanditinonMonday(我有很多家庭作业，周一必须得交上去)，其言下之意很明显，就是他得做作业，故选[A]。
(7) :B
女士的回答首先否定了“已经做完作业”，然后说明了原因：Ireallydon’tknowhowtodoit．这与[B]完全相同，只是后者用的是间接引语的形式。
(8) :B
从男士的语气及其最后一句(Ijustneedmoresleepnow)可以推断出，他并非不想吃早餐，而是不想马上就起来，“想多睡一会儿”，选[B]。
(9) :B
本题关键是听懂女士话中的Thursdayafternoon及betheearliesttime两处，它相当于[B]：ByThursdayafternoon，而男士问句中的时间则是干扰信息。
(10) :B
本题考查的是对女士话语中havesb．dosth．这一表达的理解。它的意思是“让某人做某事”，所以女士的意思是她的裙子是母亲给她做的，选[B]。
(11) :C
对话中男士问Paul是不是生气了，女士用否定转移句型回答说：Idon’tthinkso．表示(她认为)Paul没有生气，选[C]。
(12) :A
女士回答用的是一般疑问旬，实际上就是在征求对方的意见(同时也表明自己的建议)，由其中的关键词orangesandbananas即可知答案为[A]。
(13) :A
本题对话比较简短，因而不难。对话中女士询问男士是不是准备一个人(alone)去美国，男士回答说他妈妈会跟他一起去，因此对话确定的信息就是：男士会和他妈妈一起去美国，即[A]项的意思。(14) :C
本题属于判断对话者所处场所的地点题。由男士所用的Excuseme和女士所用的祈使句Godownthisstreet...即可判断出他们是陌生人，女士是为男士指路，故选[C]。
(15) :A
本题的关键词是男士话中的headache和女士话中的seeadoctor，这表明男士生病了，即[A]。第二部分英语知识运用
第一节单项填空从[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(1) :C
考查介词用法。“in+颜色”可以用来表示某人“穿着某种颜色的衣服”。with和on都没有这一用法。本句实际上相当于Doyouknowthatwoman(whois)inblack(你认识那个穿黑色衣服的女人吗)?
(2) :B
考查从句连接词。由句子结构可以看出，mademattersworse应是一个主语从句(否则句中就有两个谓语动词：made和was，出现语法错误)。而填入的词既要作连接词，又要作从句中的主语。有这两种功能的是what。注意，that连接从句时，在主句中不充当成分。it不能连接从句。
(3) :A
考查限定词与句意理解。few用于修饰可数名词，little用于修饰不可数名词，some两者都可修饰；few和little都含否定意义，some为肯定意义。由前一分句中的lonely(孤独的)可知，这里指的是他没有什么朋友，因此选否定的、修饰可数名词的few。
(4) :A
考查动词用法。三个选项都可指“花费”。cost用物作主语，spend用人作主语，而take要用it作形式主语。本题中主语是物，因此选cost。
(5) :A
考查动词短语。由空格后表目的的inordertocleanit及常识可知，此处是指“将画从墙上取下来”，因此选[A]。takedown指“拿下来，记下”；setup指“架起，建立，竖立”；lookat指“看”。
(6) :A
考查主谓一致。class为集合名词，它作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体，则谓语动词用复数形式。本题后一句中有指代主语class的them，因此这里强调的是个体，谓语要用复数形式，选[A]。
(7) :A
考查固定搭配。asksb．forsth．向某人要某物；helpsb．withsth．用某种工具帮助某人；lookfor 寻找(look后不能直接跟sb．)。由句意可知应选[A]。
(8) :B
考查动词用法。ask(要求)后要跟动词不定式作宾补，即asksb．todosth．。其余两项中，[A]项明显不对，因为此处不能用动词原形，且me是第一人称，不能用第三人称单数形式的动词；[C]项是动词的-ing形式，不用于ask后。
(9) :B
考查习惯表达。Who’sthatspeakin9是打电话时的用语，指“请问您是谁”；回答时用Thisissb．speaking，意思是“我是...”。
(10) :B
考查动词用法。mind在用作谓语动词指“介意”时，如果其后还有别的动词，那么其后的动词要用-ing形式。事实上，Wouldyouminddoingsth．是个常用表达，多用于礼貌地要求或者请求别人做某事。故本题选[B]。
(11) :B
考查连词与上下文理解。由句意可知，itisraining(下着雨)和nooneleaves(没人离开)只可能是转折关系，不可能是因果关系。而although与but不能连用，因此本题答案是[B]。
(12) :B
考查固定搭配和主谓一致。(be)fullofsth．是个固定搭配，指“装满某物”。而句子主语是thebag，故谓语动词要用单数形式。full一般不与in搭配。
(13) :A
考查动词用法。首先be...enoughtodosth．是一个常用搭配，指“足够...做某事”。其次，dress、wear、puton三词都指“穿，戴”，但dress的宾语为人，wear表示的是状态，puton表示的是动作，其宾语只能是衣物。因此本题答案是[A]。
(14) :B
考查数词用法。hundred/thousand/million等词修饰名词时，只用两种形式：“数词+hundred/thousand/million+名词”和“hundreds/thousands/millionsof+名词”，因此[A]、[C]两种形式都是不正确的。
(15) :A
考查介词用法。by后跟时间点，指“到...时”；from后跟时间点，指“从...时起”；in后跟时间段，指“...之后”。第二节完形填空阅读下面短文，从短文所给各题的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡l上将该项涂黑。
(1) :B
考查上下文理解。ourhome我们的家；theworld世界；afactory工厂。由下文的描述与展望可知，这里应指“世界将来会是个什么样子”，故选[B]。其余两项与文意无关。
(2) :C
考查形容词。pleased感到高兴的(它指人，应用人作主语)；nouse没用(其后不跟不定式，而跟动词的-ing形式)；interesting有趣的(它用物作主语，其后能跟不定式，符合题意)。(3) :A
考查动词辨义。carry(随身)携带；bring带来(它含有方向义，指从远处带到说话处来)；give 给(其后应跟双宾语)。由上下文可知，这里强调的是电脑小、可随身携带，因此用carry。(4) :C
考查名词辨义。news新闻；ways道路，方式；answers答案。由空格后的介词to及problems(问题)可知应选[C]。
(5) :C
考查副词用法。again指“再(一次)，又(一次)”；also指“还，也”，它不用在句末，也不能用逗号与其他部分隔开；too指“还，也”，用在句末且用逗号和其他部分隔开，符合题意。
(6) :B
考查动词辨义与上下文理解。call叫，打电话，拜访；see看到；look看。由上下文可知，这里指的是在打电话的同时还能看到对方，强调的是结果，因此用see。注意，look是不及物动词，不能直接跟宾语。
(7) :A
考查限定词与上下文理解。首先，work为不可数名词，不能用many和every修饰；其次，由上下文特别是后文中的havemoreholidays及workonlytwoorthreedaysaweek可知，机器应当是代替人做大部分工作，人们才会有更多的假期，因此选most。
(8) :C
考查上下文理解。参见上题分析。机器代替人做了大部分工作，人们就会有更多的假期(holidays)而不是更多工作(work)或职业(jobs)。
(9) :B
考查形容词与上下文理解。sorry抱歉的，内疚的；glad高兴的；sure确信的。它们都可作表语，但由文意可知，此处应选glad才符合上下文逻辑。
(10) :A
考查上下文理解。由短文最后一句的补充说明(Justlikeafish)及常识可知，此处指(像鱼一样)在海里生活，选inthesea。其余两项都不是鱼能生存的地方。第三部分阅读理解
第一部分词语配伍从选项中选出与题目意义相符的选项。
(1) :D
关键词是dosomecooking和food。能做饭和准备食物的地方→厨房。
(2) :F
关键词是lie(躺)和sleep(睡觉)。能躺在上面睡觉的地方→床。
(3) :B
关键词是have(吃)和hungry(饿)。饥饿时吃的东西→食物。
(4) :G
关键词是watch(观看)。可以看它来获取信息、新闻或者娱乐→电视。
(5) :A
关键词是read(阅读)和knowledge(知识)。你能阅读它来获得知识的东西→书。第二节短文理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
(1) :A
题句的意思是“苗条的女性比肥胖的女性更受欢迎”。回到原文，我们发现第一段第五句指出：Awomanwhoisthiniseasytobecomepopular(苗条的女性容易受人欢迎)，意思与题句一致，因此本题是正确的。
(2) :C
题句的意思是“许多女孩子想变苗条是因为她们想成为模特”。通读短文，我们发现在第一段第六句中提到许多人想尽办法变苗条(therearelotsofpeopledotheirbesttobethin)，但具体原因以及题句中的girls却没有提到。虽然前一句中提到了模特，但那只是为了说明“越苗条越美”这种看法。事实上。由常识也可知，并非每个追求苗条的女性都想或者都能成为模特，因此本题应属“未提及”的信息。
(3) :B
题句的意思是“美国人从不将自己的体重告诉别人”。通读短文不难发现，第二段第一句指
出：Americansareverycarefulabouttheirweightandmostofthetimetheydonottellothershowmuchtheyweig h...(美国人对自己的体重很在意，通常不会将自己的体重告诉别人......)，将此句与题句对照即可知它们之间意思上的差异，题句是将原文中mostofthetimetheydonot偷换成了never，因此不正确。
(4) :A
题句的意思是“节食可能对人们的健康有害”。它对应于第一段最后一句：Dietingmaybringaboutsomehealthyproblems(节食可能会带来一些健康问题)。两者意思一致，故题句正确。
(5) :A
题句的意思是“说别人胖是不礼貌的”。短文最后一段呼应短文开头一句(Weightisoneofthetaboosubjects)，说明了不应询问别人体重以及如何谈论体重问题等内容。其中最后两句指出：ifyouwouldliketobehonestandpolite...youcannotusetheword“fat”。即若是想做到既诚实、又有礼貌，最好小心选择用词，比如说“你看起来很健康”之类的话，并且要记住，不能用“胖”这个词。由此可以推知，说别人胖虽然诚实，却是不礼貌的，故题句正确。事实上，由常识也可知本题正确。(6) :A
细节题。第一段第二句指出：onenight，hewentoutforawalkalone(一天晚上，他独自出去散步)，其中的alone就是[A]项中的byhimself。
(7) :B
分析推理题。第一段最后三句话指出，这位法国人发现自己的手表不见了，他认为一定是那个刚刚走过去的意大利人偷走了，于是他决定跟着那个人，拿回手表。由常识可知，他得追上并抓住那个意大利人才能拿回手表，因此本题答案是[B]。
(8) :B
词义推测题。由该词后面出现的withhisfist及常识可知，法国人是用拳头恐吓那名意大利人，因此frighten应当与terrify一词同义。threat指用言语“威胁”，而surprise指“使惊讶”，都不如[B]恰当。
(9) :C
分析推理题。第二段描述了那位法国人追上意大利人、要回手表的过程。由该段第三、第四句的意思及常识可以推知，那位意大利人是在法国人的恐吓之下才把手表拿出来，他那样做当然是害怕那位法国人，故答案是[C]。
(10) :B
细节题。答案信息对应于短文最后一句．．．hehadrobbedthewatchanditwastheItalian’s，即手表是意大利人的，法国人把手表当成自己的，从对方手里抢过来了，因此真正被抢的是那个意大利人。(11) :C
分析推理题。由题句中的teaching一词首先找到第三个广告(TeachersNeeded)，发现符合该广告的要求，而[C]正是该广告留下的联系方式，因此答案就是[C]。
(12) :B
分析推理题。由题句中的driver一词首先找到第一个广告(DriverWanted)。而不能应聘第一个广告的原因无非是不符合其条件。该广告的条件是无不良驾驶记录、五官端正、25岁以上，对照选项，发现只有[B]不符合“无不良驾驶记录”一条，因此是本题答案。其余两项都不是该广告提出的条件。
(13) :A
分析推理题。题句对Alice条件的说明是：24岁、身高1.70米、大学毕业、能说英语和中文，将这些条件与四则广告一一对照可知，最适合她的是空姐职位，选[A]。
(14) :B
分析推理题。由题句中的babysitter回到第四个广告，发现该广告最重要的一个要求就是要有经验(experienced)，因此与经验有关的[B]就是答案，其余两项都不是该广告的条件。(15) :C
细节题。将选项与第四则广告进行对照，发现只有[C]不属于babysitter的职责范畴。本题也可由常识推知答案。第四部分写作
第一节改写句子
(1) :
Therewere。
本题考查的是句型转换，要求考生将普通句转换成therebe句型。考查提示主要是句意。考生应注意时态。therebe句型和其他句型的互换是常考点，故应好好掌握。
(2) :
gavehim。
考查语态转换。原句是被动语态，而题句则是将原句中用by引出的施动者(Tom’sfriends)提前作句子主语，故应将被动语态转换为主动语态。此外，give是及物动词，其后跟双宾语(即givesb．sth．)，故应补足其间接宾语him。
(3) :
didn’t...until。
本题考查的是根据句意进行肯否定转换。对比题句和原句不难看出，原旬中的saw变成了原形see，因此转换时肯定要加人助动词；而句子语序未变，提示考生是将肯定句转换成双重否定句。原句意为“在聚会上，Bob在8点钟看到了他最好的朋友”，用not...until...进行转换后变成“Bob直到8点才见到他最好的朋友”，意思一致。第二节书面表达
(1) :
关键词句：
summerholiday暑假byplane坐飞机TVTower电视塔NanjingRoad南京路abeautifulcity一座美丽的城市visit访问，参观
参考范文：
DearLiMing，
I'mverygladtoreceiveyourletterofSeptember17．
Inthissummerholiday．myfamily—myparentsandlwenttoShanghaitoseemygrandpaandgrandma．WewentbyplaneandarrivedthereonJu ly30．Wesawfllotoftallbuildingsthere．WealsovisitthefamousTVTowerandNanjingRoad。whereweboughtmanyinterestingthings．ShanghaiisabeautifulcityandIhopeyoucanvisititsometime．Bestwishestoyou．
Yours，
LiuWei
全国计算机等级考试一级MS网络部分
全国计算机等级考试一级MS 网络部分 网络理论、网络拓扑、网络协议 Internet是当前世界上第一大互联网，它起源于美国，其雏形是（） A.NCPC网 B.GBNKT C.CERNET网 D.ARPANET网 当前广泛使用的Internet，其前身可追溯到______。 A、ARPANET B、CHINANET C、DECnet D、NOVELL Internet最初创立时的应用领域是______。 A、经济 B、军事 C、教育 D、外交 计算机网络中传输介质传输速率的单位是bps，其含义是（） A.二进制位/秒 B.字/秒 C.字段/秒 D.字节/秒
（Bits per Second，数据传输速率的常见单位。比特是信息技术中的最小单位。文件大小（例如文本或图像文件）一般以字节（千字节，兆字节）为单位。一字节对应八比特。在数据传输中，数据一般是串行传输的，即一个比特接一个比特地传输。数据速率的单位是比特每秒，涵义是每秒串行经过的位数的。） "千兆以太网"一般是一种高速局域网，其网络数据传输速率大约为______。 A、1000000位/秒 B、位/秒 C、1000000字节/秒 D、字节/秒 下列度量单位中，用来度量计算机网络数据传输速率（比特率）的是 A、MB/s B、MIPS C、GHz D、Mbps 若网络的各个节点增多连接到同一条通信线路上，且线路两端防止信号反射的装置，这种拓扑结构称为 A、总线型拓扑 B、星型拓扑 C、树型拓扑 D、环型拓扑
若网络的各个节点经过中继器连接成一个闭合环路，则称这种拓扑结构称为（） A.树型拓扑 B.环型拓扑 C.星型拓扑 D.总线型拓扑 按照网络的拓扑结构划分以太网（Ethernet)属于______。 A、总线型网络结构 B、树型网络结构 C、星型网络结构 D、环形网络结构 计算机网络中，若所有的计算机都连接到一个中心结点上，当一个网络结点需要传输数据时，首先传输到中心结点上，然后由中心结点转发到目的结点，这种连接结构称为______。 A、总线结构 B、环型结构 C、星型结构 D、网状结构 计算机网络分为局域网、城域网和广域网，下列属于局域网的是______。 A、ChinaDDN网 B、Novell网 C、Chinanet网 D、Internet
考试时间120分钟. 第一部分听力 第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的[A]、[B]、 [c]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。 1. Where did the woman say she put her glasses? [A] In the cupboard. [B] On the desk. [C] She couldn' t remember exactly. 2. When will the bank be open on Saturday? [A]12 noon to 9 p.m. [B]9 a.m. to 5 p.m. [C]9 a.m. to12 noon. 3. How .does the woman feel about the news? [A] She is quite sympathetic towards the doctor. [B] She thinks it' s right. [C]She does not care 4. What are the speakers talking about? [A] Maybe a picnic. [B] Maybe something new. [C] Maybe a new car. 5. What does the man possibly do? [A]Maybe a teacher. [B] Maybe a student. [C] Maybe a meeting organizer, 第二节听下面5段对话或独自。每段对话或独自后有几个小题，从题中所给 的[A]、[B]、[C]三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话 或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟 的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听第6段材料，回答第6～7题。 6. Why does Jane want to leave her present job? [A]Because she does not like the job. [B] Because she wants to do something different.
公共英语等级考试三级(PETS3)学习笔记（六） Unit 21 Services(1) Dialogues /monologues: 1、 Hotel in London or in England specially, will ask for a credit card or a confirmation which will guarantee that your room is held, basically all night or for late arrival. 2、 This could be a precise place for you. 关于：precise 与 accurate 是否有区别? accurate，correct，delicate，exact，precise都含有一定的"正确,精确"之意 accurate 准确的，精确的，指某人或某事不仅不出错，而且与事实无出入，强调准确性 correct 正确的，指某人或某事合乎事实或公认的标准或规则，没有错误 delicate 精美、精细的、雅致的 exact 确切的、精确的,语气较accurate强,指某人或某事数量或质量完全符合事实或标准,而且在细致末节上也丝毫不差 precise 精密的,指具有高度的精确性和准确性,强调范围界限的鲜明性或细节的精密,有时略带"吹毛求疵"的贬义 3、 Art-house. Art-house：艺术电影院 指放映不属于商业主流电影的电影院。艺术电影院放映的影片，重视电影本身的品质，较不注重商业吸引力，如当代重要导演的影片、独立制片影片、影史的经典作品，及发行有限的前卫及实验电影。亦称 Art theater。 4、 Your restaurant specializes in hamburgers and chicken, right? specializes in：擅长于，专攻。 5、 As an unadvertised special, you can have a trip to the salad bar with your order for only a dollar more. 作为一个末做广告的特价餐，您可以多出一美元随意的在沙拉吧里定购。
全国公共英语等级考试英语一级（1级）模拟试题含答案 第一节：单项选择 从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑． 1. ----- will you be able to finish the job this week? ----- ___________ , but I'm not skilled enough, you know. A.I can't say so B.I expect so C. I'm sure so D. I don't know so 2. We arrived at the station _______ late, or we the bus. A. too much; would catch B. a little too; had caught C. much too; would have caught D. too much; would have caught 3. Is it the watch you want ________? A. to have it repaired B. to repair it C. to have repaired D. to have repaired it 4. The two thieves fled the town separately, _______ a bag. A. each carrying B. whose that watch is C. whose watch is that D. whose watch is 5. The little boy can't tell ________. A. whose is that watch B. whose that watch is C. whose watch is that D. whose watch is 6. If a baby bird stays _______ for two or three weeks after leaving the nest, it has a fair chance of becoming an adult. A. living B. lively C. alive D. live 7. We will not attack ______ we are attacked;if attacked,we will certainly counter-attack. A. if B. when C. unless D. even if 8. You can take ______ seat you like. A. no matter what B. no matter which C. what D. whichever 9. I ______ to speak to you all these days. A. wanted B. have wanted C. shall want D. shall be wanting 10.A burning cigarette he threw into the wastepaper basket ______ fire to the hotel. A. made B. set C. caused D. caught 11."Do you hear someone knocking at the door?" "Yes, I did. I heard him ______ three times." A. knocking B. knocked C. being knocking D. knock 12.Peter,John and Tom each ______. A. say they came first B. says they came first C. says he came first D. say came first 13.Through long power lines electricity goes ______. A. to the place needed B. there it is needed C. where it is needed D. which it is needed 14. ______ from the apple tree. A. It down fell B. there it is needed C. Down fell it D. Fell it down 15.The service in this restaurant is very poor;there are not enough waiters to wait ______ customers. A. on B. for C. with D. to 第二节：完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C、D中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．
全国计算机等级考试一级MS Office考试(样题) 一、选择题 1.计算机之所以按人们的意志自动进行工作.最直接的原因是因为采用了 A)二进制数制B)高速电子元件 C)存储程序控制D)程序设计语言 2.微型计算机主机的主要组成部分是 A)运算器和控制器B)CPU和内存储器 C)CPU和硬盘存储器D)CPU、内存储器和硬盘 3.一个完整的计算机系统应该包括 A)主机、键盘、和显示器B)硬件系统和软件系统 C)主机和其他外部设备D)系统软件和应用软件 4.计算机软件系统包括 A)系统软件和应用软件B)编译系统和应用系统 C)数据库管理系统和数据库D)程序、相应的数据和文档 5.微型计算机中，控制器的基本功能是 A)进行算术和逻辑运算B)存储各种控制信息C)保持各种控制状态D)控制计算机各部件协调 页脚内容1
一致地工作 6.计算机操作系统的作用是 A)管理计算机系统的全部软、硬件资源，合理组织计算机的工作流程，以达到充分发挥计算机资源的效率，为用户提供使用计算机的友好界面 B)对用户存储的文件进行管理，方便用户 C)执行用户键入的各类命令 D)为汉字操作系统提供运行基础 7.计算机的硬件主要包括：中央处理器（CPU)、存储器、输出设备和 A)键盘B)鼠标C)输入设备D)显示器 8.下列个组设备中，完全属于外部设备的一组是 A)内存储器、磁盘和打印机B)CPU、软盘驱动器和RAM C)CPU、显示器和键盘D)硬盘、软盘驱动器、键盘 9.五笔字型码输入法属于 A)音码输入法B)形码输入法C)音形结合输入法D)联想输入法 10.一个GB2312编码字符集中的汉字的机内码长度是 A)32位B)24位C)16位D)8位 11.RAM的特点是 页脚内容2
A a (an) art.一(个)；每一(个)；任一 able a.能够，有能力的 about prep.关于；在…周围；在…各处ad.大约above prep.在…上方；(数量，价格等)大于…abroad ad.出国，在国外 accept v.认可，接受 accident n.事故 according a.(to)相符的，一致的，根据…而定的ache v.痛；哀怜n.疼痛，酸痛 achieve v.完成，达到；获得 across prep.穿过；在另一边，在对面ad.横越 act v.行动；做 active a.活动的，活泼的，活跃的；主动的，积极的；敏捷的；剧烈的 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员 actual a.实际的，事实上的；真实的 add v.加 address n.地址 admire v.羡慕，赞赏，钦佩 admit v.承认 advance v.前进；取得进展advantage n.优点，优势 adventure v.大胆进行，拿…冒风险n.冒险活动，冒险；奇遇 advice n.忠告；建议 advise v.劝告，建议 affair n.事，事情，事件 afford v.买得起，担负得起 Africa n.非洲 African a.非洲的n.非洲人 After prep.在…以后conj.在…以后ad.以后afternoon n.下午 again ad.又，再 against prep.反对；与之成对手，对着；防止；碰age n.年龄 ago ad.以前 agree v.同意 agreement n.协议，协定；一致，同意 agriculture n.农业，农艺，农学 ahead ad.在前；向前 aim v.把…瞄准，把…对准 air n.空气；天空 aircraft n.飞机，航空器 airmail n.空邮
Part B Directions: Read the texts from a magazine article in which five people talked about the importance of doing exercise. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person to one qf the statements (A to G)given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. Patricia: I went by Inter-Rail this summer with a group of friends from university. I think it worked very well, although a few of them said they'd never do it again—I guess it wasn r t quite like they thought it was going to be~not as comfortable probably. We usually slept in hostels or on the train so we were completely exhausted but 1 think we had a great time. Next year V 11 see if 1 can perhaps visit fewer places and not get so worn out. Davis: I traveled about 6,000 kilometres in four weeks with a couple of friends from college. We spent weeks planning out the route and all the places we were intending to go to. Would I do it again? Well, f d have to think carefully about that but, on the whole the trip was good for me as I was the official translator, which was great as V m normally a bit shy of talking to people 1 don't know. On the last night of the holiday they treated me to a really expensive meal for helping them out. It was terrific! Jenise: Well, I guess I had a good time now when I look back on it, and I saw eight countries in four weeks. Everything went well but I think that from now on 1' 11 probably choose to do something else. I want to meet local people rather than just people who work for the train service ! I did get to know quite a few other English and American students and they were great but it didn* t do much for my French and Gennan. Nigel: I think it's definitely the best way of getting around Europe even though you have to spend money on the Inter-Rail ticket before you leave. I have a friend who hitch-hikes and he says that's the only way to travel because it's free and you see more interesting places. But I knew I could jump on a train wherever I wanted in the morning, while he would still be standing in the rain hoping for a lift. So all in all I think I got the better deal, especially as 1 could take the night train and save on hotel bills. Hawk: F vc done it quite a few times now and V m used to the kind of problems that arisc—likc having to sleep in a park because the train arrived too late for me to get a hotel bed, and trying to keep to a tight budget. The mistake people often make is to just get off at the tourist spots. Try getting off the train at the little villages, like I do. They1 re usually fascinating and the people are friendlier, too. Even if they don't understand your miserable attempt at their language they still smile and nod.
全国计算机等级考试一级ms office 一、选择题(每小题I分，共20分) 请在答题菜单上选择选择题命令，启动选择题测试程序，按照题目上的内容进行答题。 (1)下列四项中不属于微型计算机主要性能指标的是______。 A)字长B)内存容量C)重量D)时钟脉冲 (2)在一个非零无符号二进制整数之后去掉一个0，则此数的值为原数的______倍。 A)4 B)2 C)1/2 D)1/4 (3)下列四种设备中，属于计算机输入设备的是______。 A)UPS B)服务器C)绘图仪D)鼠标器 (4)在各类计算机操作系统中，分时系统是一种______。 A)单用户批处理操作系统B)多用户批处理操作系统 C)单用户交互式操作系统D)多用户交互式操作系统 (5)目前各部门广泛使用的人事档案管理、财务管理等软件，按计算机应用分类，应属于______。 A)实时控制B)科学计算C)计算机辅助工程D)数据处理 (6)在微型机中，普遍采用的字符编码是______。 A)BCD码B)ASCII码C)EBCD码D)补码 (7)WPS,Word等文字处理软件属于______。 A)管理软件B)网络软件C)应用软件D)系统软件 (8)与十进制数291等值的十六进制数为______。
A)123 B)213 C)231 D)132 (9)二进制数1001001转换成十进制数是______。 A)72 B)71 C)75 D)73 (10)计算机软件系统是由哪两部分组成______。 A)网络软件、应用软件B)操作系统、网络系统 C)系统软件、应用软件D)服务器端系统软件、客户端应用软件 (11)计算机的操作系统是______。 A)计算机中最重要的应用软件B)最核心的计算机系统软件 C)微机的专用软件D)微机的通用软件 (12)Internet实现了分布在世界各地的各类网络的互联，其最基础和核心的协议是______。 A)HTTP B)TCP/IP C)HTML D)FTP (13)某人的电子邮件到达时，若他的计算机没有开机，则邮件______。 A)退回给发件人B)开机时对方重发 C)该邮件丢失D)存放在服务商的E-mail服务器 (14)在计算机领域中通常用MIPS来描述______。 A)计算机的运算速度B)计算机的可靠性 C)计算机的可运行性D)计算机的可扩充性 (15)下列关于计算机病毒的四条叙述中，有错误的一条是______。
全国英语等级考试二级模拟试题(二) 第一部分听力理解（略） 第二部分英语知识运用 第一节单项填空 1.He is ______ a writer. A. failure as B. a failure as C. the failure for D. a failure with 2.– can you come on Monday or Tuesday? – I'm afraid ______ day is possible. A. either B. neither C. any D. some 3.Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge. I can't remember ______. A. where B. there C. which D. what 4.In the centuries _____, Egypt became one of the most advanced civilizations on earth. A. followed B. tat was followed C. which was following D. which followed 5.To enter his house is like ______ a small museum. A. to enter B. entering C. entered D. enter 6.The local government cut down their costs ______ 30 percent. A. at B. by C. for D. with 7.I'm reading his ______ novel. A. best-selling B. best-sold C. best-sale D. best-sell 8.It's rude of you to shout _______ the room. A. beyond B. through C. across D. over 9.People are more likely to stay _______ 30 miles of _______ they were born. A. in … where B. at … what C. within … what D. within … where 10.After searching for half an hour, she realized that her glasses ______ on the table all the time. A. were lain B. had been lain C. have been lying D. had been lying 11.Facts show that as many as 50 percent of patients do not take drugs ______ directed. A . like B. as C. which D. so 12.I walked too much yesterday and ______ are still aching now. A. my leg muscles B. my muscles of leg C. my leg's muscles D. my muscles of the leg 13.He will have ______ 30 by the end of this year. A. turned B. become C. got D. taken 14.Macao ______ its return to China in December, 1999. A. watched B. found C. saw D. noticed 15.This hotel _______ $60 for a single room with bath. A. charges B. demands C. prices D. claims 第二节完形填空 My father waved me goodbye and the bus （16）_____. My first country journey then began. The man sitting next to me was a road engineer. He said that （17）_____ by bus was an excellent way to （18）_____ road for him. We passed many villages on the way and stopped once （19）_____ to buy cold drinks, （20）_____ it was very hot. The countryside was brown and dry and there were long （21）_____ with no people or villages in （22）_____. We also stopped once at
全国英语等级考试三级写作 邀请信 提出邀请： 我们要……，你能来吗？ We’re having a… can you come？ We’ll…，will you join us？ 我希望你能参加……。好吗？I would like you to come to … 我们准备……，非常希望你能来。 We’re planning…，will you give us the pleasure of your company？ 我们希望你尽可能来参加 We’d love to have you here if you can possibly make it. 你愿意来……吗？How would you like to come to…？ 你来得了吗？Can you be present？／Will you come？ 我们都盼望你来。We hope you can come. / We’re eager to have you here．/ We should like to have you join us． 愿意来……吗？Would you care to come for…？ 敬请光临request the pleasure of the company of sb．
request the honour of sb．’s presence cordially invite the pleasure of sb…． 为欢迎??to meet sb．／in honor of sb 为纪念…诞辰 to commemorate the… birthday of sb．／In honour of．．／ 为庆祝…金婚 to celebrate the gold wedding of… 某人届时将出席 sb．will be present 请答复 R．S．V．P．[reply, if you please] ／Please reply／ Kindly send reply to sb．／Please respond to sb．／ The favor of a reply is requested ／ 活动内容： 朋友周末小聚 have some friends for the weekend 一起喝茶 come for tea with us 打桥牌 play bridge 跳舞 have dancing /there will be dancing 有两张……票 have two tickets for… 各类聚会：a small，informal party／a birthday party for sb．／a garden party／masquerade／holiday party 与某人共进晚餐 join sb．for dinner／ have dinner with sb．／dine with sb
全国英语等级考试（一级）模拟试题 第一部分听力（略） 第二部分英语知识运用 第一节单项填空 阅读下面的句子和对话，从三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。 26. He is badly ill. We must _____ a doctor at once. A. send to B. send for C. send away 27. The hospital _______ last year. A. built B. was built C. has been built 28. When I came into the classroom, the teacher _____something on the blackboard. A. is writing B. was writing C. wrote 29. --How long have you been ill? -- A. Since last week B. A week ago C. Once a week 30. Everybody is here _____Mike. A .not B. and C. except 31. We don’t understand the passage ___ there are a few new words in it. A. and B. unless C. because 32. The TV set is very nice. How long have you _______it? A. bought B. had C. taken 33. --- Shall I get one more apple for you, Dad? ---Thanks, but you _______. I’ve had enough. A. may not B. must not C. needn’t 34. --- _________is your shirt? --- It is 100yuan. A. How many B. How much C. How long 35. He is _______kind an old man that all the children like him. A. very B. so C. such 36. Either Jim or Sam ______going to help the farmers with the orange harvest this afternoon. A. was B. were C. is 37. We have studied for two hours. Let’s stop . A. have a rest B. to have a rest C. having a rest 38. We won’t go to Great Wall if it ________tomorrow. A. rains B. rain C. will rain 39. No book and no pen______in the bag. A. is B. are C. has 40. Please give me ______. A. two cups of milks B. two cup of milk C. two cups of milk 第二节完形填空 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给的三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳选
全国计算机等级考试一级MS Office考试（样题） 一、选择题 1. 计算机之所以按人们的意志自动进行工作?最直接的原因是因为采用了 A）二进制数制B）高速电子元件 C）存储程序控制D）程序设计语言 2. 微型计算机主机的主要组成部分是 A）运算器和控制器B）CPU和内存储器 C）CPU和硬盘存储器D）CPU、内存储器和硬盘 3?—个完整的计算机系统应该包括 A）主机、键盘、和显示器B）硬件系统和软件系统 C）主机和其他外部设备D）系统软件和应用软件 4. 计算机软件系统包括 A）系统软件和应用软件B）编译系统和应用系统 C）数据库管理系统和数据库D）程序、相应的数据和文档 5. 微型计算机中，控制器的基本功能是 A）进行算术和逻辑运算B）存储各种控制信息C）保持各种控制状态D）控制计算机各部件协调一致地工作 6. 计算机操作系统的作用是 A）管理计算机系统的全部软、硬件资源，合理组织计算机的工作流程，以达到充分发挥计算机资源的效率，为用户提供使用计算机的友好界面 B）对用户存储的文件进行管理，方便用户 C）执行用户键入的各类命令
D）为汉字操作系统提供运行基础 7. 计算机的硬件主要包括：中央处理器（ CPU）、存储器、输出设备和 A）键盘B）鼠标C）输入设备D）显示器 8?下列个组设备中，完全属于外部设备的一组是 A）内存储器、磁盘和打印机B）CPU、软盘驱动器和RAM C）CPU、显示器和键盘D）硬盘、软盘驱动器、键盘 9. 五笔字型码输入法属于 A）音码输入法B）形码输入法C）音形结合输入法D）联想输入法 10. 一个GB2312编码字符集中的汉字的机内码长度是 A）32 位B）24 位C）16 位D）8 位 11. RAM的特点是 A）断电后，存储在其内的数据将会丢失B）存储在其内的数据将永久保存 C）用户只能读出数据，但不能随机写入数据D）容量大但存取速度慢 12. 计算机存储器中，组成一个字节的二进制位数是 A）4 B）8 C）16 D）32 13. 微型计算机硬件系统中最核心的部件是 A）硬盘B）l/O设备C）内存储器D）CPU 14. 无符号二进制整数10111转变成十进制整数，其值是 A）17 B）19 C）21 D）23 15. 一条计算机指令中，通常包含 A）数据和字符B）操作码和操作数C）运算符和数据D）被运算数和结果
2020年公共英语二级考试模拟试题及答案（三） 阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题四个选项(A、 B、 C、 D中选出能填入相对应空白处选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑. Si1as Minton's funeral was a quiet 16 . lt was 17 by the only 18 he had in the world, his niece and nephew, and by a few friends. The priest who 19 20 a hundred miles into this wild part of the county was now getting 21 for the simple ceremony. Minton, 22 'Minty' as his friends 23 call him, 24 a hard life 25 for gold in a lonely part of Western Australia. He had always refused to work in a gold mine 26 he believed that he could do better 27 his own. Although he was not a boastful(夸口 )person, he had often declared that one day he 28 find a lump(块) of gold as big as his head and 29 he would retire and live in 30 for the rest of his life. But his dreams of great wealth 31 came true. For many years he had hardly earned enough money to keep himself 32 . Two men now gently lifted the rough wooden box that 33 Minty's body, but they almost dropped it when they heard a loud cry from the grave-digger. His spade(铁鍬)had struck something hard in the rocky soil and he was shouting excitedly. Then he held up a large stone. 34 it was covered 35 dirt, the stone shone curious1yin the fierce sun1ight： it was unmistakably a heavy piece of solid gold! 16. A. accident B. event C. affair D. inciden 17. A. taken B. attended C. joined D. brought
2020 年全国公共英语等级考试PETS 三级模拟试题Text Most young people enjoy physical activities, walking, cycling, football, or mountaineering. These who have a passion 26 climbing high and difficult mountains are often 27 with astonishment. Why are men and women 28 to suffer cold and hardship, and to 29 on high mountains? This astonishment is caused, probably, by the difference between mountaineering and other forms of activities 30 which men give their leisure. There are no man-made rules, as there are for 31 as golf and football. There are, of course, rules of different kinds which it would be dangerous to 32 , but it is this freedom from man-made rules 33 makes mountaineering attractive to many people. Those who climb mountains are free to their own 34 . If we 35 mountaineering with other more familiar sports, we might think that one big difference is 36 mountaineering is not a “team work ” . However, it is only our misunderstanding. There are, in fact, no ：matches” 37 “teams” of climbers, but when climbers are on a rock face linked by a rope on which their lives may 38 , obviously, there is teamwork. A mountain climber knows that he may have to fight with natural 39 that ate stronger and more powerful than man. His sport requires high mental and 40 qualities.