CFA level II 2011 【6060/61 北京南京成都上海广州】Morning session 总题数
economics* 6
ethics* 6
fixed income* 6
equity* 12
portfolio* 6
FSA 12
derivative* 6
corporate* 6
Afternoon
总题数
session
economics* 0
ethics* 6
fixed income* 6
equity* 12
FSA 12
derivative* 6
statistics* 6
alternative* 6
corporate* 6
上午不确定题目
道德6 2
经济学 1
财务12 1
公司金融6 3
固定收益6 1
股权12 4
衍生品6 3
Portfolio 6 2
1 .CODE AND ETHICS(+1)
（1）吹牛逼CFA通过了多么牛那个CFA旗号
（此部分只要和业绩、公司经营相联系均错误）
（2）用以前公司用过的系统是否违规
（此题有争议，该系统在原公司曾经用过，是否有独立产权，还是市场上销售系统）
（3）discretionary 和non-discretionary 后者优先交易(两个账户均不违规) Explanation: Disclose the Presence of Tiers of Service - Many organizations offer both discretionary and nondiscretionary advisory service, but because of the differences in those accounts, they might find it necessary for practical reasons to take action in the discretionary accounts first, before they take the same action within the nondiscretionary accounts. Such procedure is not discriminatory since discretionary accounts are paying a premium; however, clients must be fully aware of this practice.
（4）上午别的公司经历让去任什么职位然后你去了去完之后没和老总汇报原来公司没辞职这个时候好像哪个老总让你去研究对方的公司做研究报告、招投标。（此部分涉及conflict of interest, 个人觉得不应该从事研究原公司，另一选项是征求原老板同意）
(5)上午IPO发行股票有人退回来你是基金经理你把股票退回来的一部分自己买了剩下的分了（不合理)
(应首先分给基金下面合适的客户，然后自己再购买）
(6) 下午经济分析数据一共三条判断哪个违规第一个5.4 第二个忘了第三个归总预测6 . (第三个数据无依据) (distinguish between fact and opinion)
(7) 下午投行部让更改报告内容数据，不更改是否违规（不违规）
(8) 选择一个什么类型的基金来着给所有人买了当时基金类型是income oriented 然后他要买AA级别的（suitability违背，投资选择不符合所有账户投资目标）
(9).以前业绩直接呈现在新公司报告上面（一个选项是暗示收益，一个是未说明过去得到，个人觉得应选择暗示收益，表示未来承诺仍有8%收益可能）
(10)自己曾经研究出一个结果，后来参见第三方研究报告后，草草将研究结果修改（选项中有两项，一项是不应该用三方报告，另一项是违反diligence要求）
(应选择diligence)
【V(A).Diligence and reasonable basis要求对第三方的研究报考review，保证independent和objectivity。】
(11) 按时间顺序交易一部分投资者没有轮到（部分同学认为不违反，部分同学认为交易顺序有问题）
(12) IPO购买量不足，要求基金经理购买IPO 股份. (violation) (not pump up)
(market manipulation核心判断点：是否直接对价格或成交量有影响）（推荐、发表意见不算）
2. Economics
(1) one- third rule :
(2) bid*bid （题目问的cross rate 中buy 如何算，并非从银行A 换B,B 换C 用哪个汇率，站在银行角度而非换汇人角度）
(3) 阿三买房子 计入financial account
(4) official reserve 应该减少（如果不是看账面价值，例如-20至-5，实际为减少）
(5) 套利过程 buy low, sell high
(6) 实际汇率计算=
名义汇率*物价比（反向）
3. Corporate finance
Morning:
(1) financial distress :使得net agency cost of equity 减小
(2) a bird in the hand (影响required return of equity ,or cost of equity 现金股利使得re 减小)
(3) share repurchase and debt 哪个 对FCFE 谁有影响呢？（回购不影响，debt 影响）
Explanation: share repurchases, and share issues do not affect FCFF or FCFE (see LOS 42.h . repayment of debt will decrease FCFE in the current year
(4) 二公司仅负债不同，一个公司业绩更好，因为什么因素？（公司治理）
（解释：债务比率增加，增加公司外部监管性，更多所得款用于pay off debt ）
(文章还提到manager 和CEO 同一人）
(5) re 计算(用MM 定理中公式)
Re=9% Rd pre-tax=6% tax 是30%， 使用公司1的最优资本结构MV debt/equity ratio 是0.5（10.05%，10.5%，11.4%）
解析：计算过程：9+(3*0.7)*0.5= 10.05
(6) MM conflicts with cletene effect? (no conflict)
Afternoon:
(1) outflow （取代工程）（套公式，无折旧）
(2) EP 计算（负数）
(3) CFAT 计算（套公式）
(4) beta 计算 （1.6/1.4,答案不统一）
(5) 两工程比较（最小二乘法比较NPV ,3年的工程应该是NPV 更大）
(6) opportunity cost 应包括在内，market cost 同等考虑（辨析题）
Sunk cost 排除在外 4. Alternative: (本部分至少4个选C ）
(1) market neutral fund 是否可以用Rf 当benchmark
（不可以，benchmark: 30-day Treasury bill rate + a spread of 250 bps ）
(2) 商品抗通胀（贬值）的属性
(3) beta 值选的哪个 B 是用一个模型 其中反映在上升和下降两种情况 C 是上升和下降分别计算beta (选B ，用dummy variable)
E D t r r r r d e ?--+=)1]([00
(4) contango+ normal backwardation
(5) F (6) contango 原因->increase in commodity demand （roll yield 为负的原因）（另一选项为，it should be always positive yield in the past, 错误陈述） 5. Derivatives: Morning: （1）计算Future price （应包含CONVERSION FACTOR） （2）一个SW AP赚了多少M欧元欧元升值选什么? 7.9 （3）commodity 投资收益(9000,13000,16000,多数选9000减了storage cost) （4）interest rate derivative 计算(cap）（套公式） (5) payer swaption（选项，终结原衍生工具） (6) Forward价值大于future 的原因（negative correlation 可能更大） Afternoon: (1)swaption计算; (2)CDS spread 扩大-->payer option 获利 (3)swap fixed rate计算(分别计算两种货币浮动、固定,) (4)hedge strategy中option 需要的数量 （number= number of stocks/ delta）（26700） (5)gamma 对hedge 有影响（affect efficiency) (6)synthetic put/ call 公式记忆 6. Statistics: (1)R2开根号 (2)两个都有单位根且相关； (3)t和标准差都取文字叙述里10%的(-8.2) t-test 目标值为-1 (4)F-test , (5) RMSE, (6) AR(1)出现什么什么，是否应该用AR(2)。——AR（1），AR(2)都不能用。 7. Equity: （1）. case analysis （1）门槛高不高（高，capital intensive） （2）影响因素个数(1) 【题目解析】 Threat of Entry The alpine/ski resort industry has significant barriers to entry because the number of locations for such a venture is limited. Costs of resort development are high, and the regulations and permits are difficult to obtain and have to comply with strict environmental standards. Substitute products are goods or services from outside a given industry that perform similar or the same functions as a product that the industry produces[ Hitt, Ireland, Hoskisson, Strategic Management Fifth Edition, Thomson Learning Copyright 2003 pg.60]. Cruises and vacation trips outside of the United States are two main substitutes to the type of vacation package that Intrawest and direct competitors offer. The main suppliers of the ski resort industry include companies that specialize in snowmaking machines, ski and snowboard equipment and ski lift. (3) 哪个因素影响最小（technology） (4) 正和博弈（关键看pie是否有扩大，两公司非你死我活竞争，同时刺激经济整体发展）（5）tax credit 计算(用dividend，乘末期汇率) (6) if the government 放松管制，premium(fall) （2）. arbitrage for emerging market （计2题） (1) Cash and carry arbitrage( F理论值偏差，套利) (2) bid-ask spread（哪个最不应该应用，看清题干"least like to use"，衡量市场活跃度）(其余选项shortfall；volume weighted） (3)（gamma(local)+1=gamma），5000*(0.2+1)=6000 （题目中说指数和本地汇率正相关，swedish升值则指数上升，相关系数为0.2） (4) expected dividend= expected increase in EPS *target payout ratio * conversion factor (5) residual dividend model: residual dividend= increase in equity - planned capital spending* (1- D/A) （减去内源融资部分） (6) 为何上市公司不偏好国外上市？(国内风险放大化)（其他答案：汇率因素；成本因素）One disadvantage of foreign listing is the increased volatility of the firm's stock due to a stronger response in foreign versus domestic markets to domestic economic news. （3）. Residual income model (1)terminal year (第五年) RI (=0) (其余选项0, 2.4, 3.2) (2)RI of the 3rd year: 0.45 （0.45,0.55,0.65） (3)NWCInv计算，在计算FCFF时是否应扣除cash和notes payable （均应扣除） 【解释】：WCInv: Investment in working capital. It equals to the increase in short-term operating assets net of operating liabilities. Note that working capital for cash flow and valuation purposes is defined to exclude cash and short-term debt (which includes notes payable and the current portion of long-term debt). ?Cash and cash equivalents are not taken into consideration, because it is the change in this account that is explained by FCFF. ?Notes payable and the current portion of long-term debt are also ignored, because these accounts pertain to financing decisions, and FCFF describes operating and investing activities only. (4) 用dupont analysis 分解计算指标 (5) change in PPE calculation（PPE expenditure）(220, 应减accumulated depreciation) (6) franchise factor calculation （4.8）（直接套用公式） （4）. ratio analysis (此部分基本为纯财务指标计算) （相关指标计算） (1)不受到各个国家会计准则影响P/CFO受影响最小(错误选项包括EV/EBITDA） (2)比较p/s同行业平均水平的高低的吧 (3) Stock repurchase, 调整DDM可行吗? A) 不行因为不适合DDM B) 行调整某项 C) XX 具体选项...(选B项) （此题无争议，DDM这题书上写得很清楚了，可以用，需要调整g） (4) 还有一个计算是用H-model （直接套用公式） (5) 根据很多假设的计算SALE*20% 然后一堆其他的% average ROE法，算2010earning，我算了0.41 (6)g=PRAT (直接四个部分相乘) 8. FSA （1）FIFO VS LIFO 1. inventory write up 对比率变化(solvency ratio) 2. inventory write up:to smooth income 3.NI（Fifo）=NI+(ENDING-BEGINNING)(1-T) 4.计算held to maturity 的interest expense (book value*6.5%,此处用票面利率) 5.held to maturity B/S 计算 6. Profit instability LIFO liquidation （COGS显著降低，penetrate into older inventory） （2）sheet analysis 1. CF accrual calculation （套公式） 2.FCFF计算=NI+NCC+int(1-t) –WCINV – FCINV （题里未提到折旧） 3. DEBT/CFO （定性判断） 4. Goodwill calculation （partial goodwill） 5. B1=B0+NI-dividend 6. core operating margin计算（sales-COGS）/sales （3）PBO部分： 1、关于各种假设因素改变对PBO影响 Discount rate 增加—> PBO降低 2、薪金增长率提高会提高PBO 3、一个是关于stock grant之中的dividend yield/ volatility/ R f(选dividend yield) （按看涨期权价值公司计算）（问哪个因素提高导致expense减少) 4、Economic expense （100） 5、Funded status 计算（504）(不减调整项,直接算） 6、Overfunded 状况下CFO/CFF (均为CFO划分为CFF) （4）finance lease VS operating lease 1.ni+dep+in-renting(677) 2.OL变为FL后net working capital turnover rate 变化（CA-CL降低，turnover 上升）（选下降的错了） 3.如果公司从加速折旧改为直线折旧，那么与之前相比，固定资产周转率、营运资本周转率和经营现金流哪个可能增加？(NWC turnover rate增加，其他两个下降) （解题思路： 直线折旧税金增加，使得企业现金减少，net working capital 减少，最终导致营运资本周转率增加。 直线折旧使得accumulated depreciation减少，fixed asset 价值增加，fixed asset turnover 减少。 直线折旧使得TAX SHIELD 减小，税金增加，CFO减少。） 4.FL变为OL后，ROE如何变化？(变大) (expense 下降，NI上升，ROE上升） 5.OL变为FL后，EBIT / interest （相同）（此题需要具体计算，无法定性分析) 6.为什么企业偏好使用FL，（答案：改进CFO)（其余选项债务比率…） 9. Fixed income Morning: 1.revolving period还款为0 2.z-accrual （reinvestment risk） 3.PACII 原题重现：是在不同的interest volatility 下7%，13%，21%，列了一堆tranche （PAC，support，Z-accrual）的OAS，Z-spread，duration 问哪个有best value？这个选pac2吧。初始状态是13%上下调整到7，和21,pac2的价格下浮最小，上浮最大。 4.SMM*(original- scheduled)*conversion factor 5.75 (shift mechanism) （选项75,84,90） 6.如果25-36个月里，repaid数额是75，亏损30，A3tranch是多少(40)（选项38.1,40,…）（overcollaterization 先弥补亏损，之后按顺序吸收） 【Explanation:倒数第三个subordinate tranche 选40，30M的loss被下面两个Subordinate tranches吸收掉20，所以这个倒数第三的tranche从原来的50扣掉10】 Afternoon: 1.可转债运算straight value 2. emerging market的discount rate(39%) 3.conversion premium 4. long term比short-term 的credit risk要大 credit risk may be more important for long-term 5. 6.V olatility 增加：v callable 小putable 大 10. Portfolio investment (1) 组合风险计算（8.38%） (2)CAPM算的和required的对比,是高估还是低估(推算股票是否正确定价) (3) extended CAPM假设条件（第一个不对，第二个对。投资无国界划分，错误） (4) sharpe ratio 两个组合相同(同样好)(计算sharpe ratio) (5)（低相关，高波动） (6) 加入第三个资产之后是否有所改进（是，同收益状况下比较标准差） A+B(包含eurozone bond and equity)，换成A+B+C(包含eurozone bond and equity, 和另一个bond)，其中ACsharp ratio同，二者分别和B的correlation均为0.8同，组合是否有改进。（答案：算出来收益未变，但标准差降低.，有改进） 2013年6月英语六级真题及答案（文都版） Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Question 47 to 51 are based on the following passage often assumed musical Highly proficient musicianship is hard won. Although it’s evidence that this isn’t the case. While it seems ability us inherited, there’s abundant that at birth virtually everyone has perfect pitch, the reasons that one child is better than another are motivation and practice. Highly musical children were sung to more as infants and more encouraged to join in song games as kids than less musical ones, long before any musical ability could have been evident. Studies of classical musicians prove that the best ones practiced considerably more from childhood onwards than ordinary orchestral players, and this is because their parents were at them to put in the hours from a very young age. The same was true of children selected for entry to specialist music schools, compared with those who were rejected. The chosen children had parents who had very actively supervised music lessons and daily practice from young ages, giving up substantial periods of leisure time to take the children to lessons and concerts. The singer Michael Jackson’s story, although unusually brutal and extreme, is illumination when considering musical prodigy(天才). Accounts suggest that he was subjected to cruel beatings and emotional torture ,and that he was humiliated (羞辱) constantly by his father, What sets Jackson’s family apart is that his father used his reign of terror to train his children as musicians and dancers. On top of his extra ability Michael also had more drive. This may have been the result of being the closest of his brothers and sisters to his mother. “He seemed other said of him. She different to me from the other children —special,”Michael’s m may not have realized that treating her son as special may have been part of the reason be became like that. All in all, if you want to bring up a Mozart or Bach, the key factor is how hard you 2011年6月大学英语六级真题及答案 Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section A Directions: In this section, there is a short passage with 5 questions or incomplete statements. Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Please write your answers on Answer Sheet 2. Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage. How good are you at saying "no"? For many, it's surprisingly difficult. This is especially true of editors, who by nature tend to be eager and engaged participants in everything they do. Consider these scenarios: It's late in the day. That front-page package you've been working on is nearly complete; one last edit and it's finished. Enter the executive editor, who makes a suggestion requiring a more-than-modest rearrangement of the design and the addition of an information box. You want to scream: "No! It's done!" What do you do? The first rule of saying no to the boss is don't say no. She probably has something in mind when she makes suggestions, and it's up to you to find out what. The second rule is don't raise the stakes by challenging her authority. That issue is already decided. The third rule is to be ready to cite options and consequences. The boss's suggestions might be appropriate, but there are always consequences. She might not know about the pages backing up that need attention, or about the designer who had to go home sick. Tell her she can have what she wants, but explain the consequences. Understand what she's trying to accomplish and propose a Plan B that will make it happen without destroying what you've done so far. Here's another case. Your least-favorite reporter suggests a dumb story idea. This one should be easy, but it's not. If you say no, even politely, you risk inhibiting further ideas, not just from that reporter, but from others who heard that you turned down the idea. This scenario is common in newsrooms that lack a systematic way to filter story suggestions. Two steps are necessary. First, you need a system for how stories are proposed and reviewed. Reporters can tolerate rejection of their ideas if they believe they were given a fair hearing. Your gut reaction (本能反应) and dismissive rejection, even of a worthless idea, might not qualify as systematic or fair. Second, the people you work with need to negotiate a "What if ...?" agreement covering "What if my idea is turned down?" How are people expected to react? Is there an appeal process? Can they refine the idea and resubmit it? By anticipating "What if...?" situations before they happen, you can reach understanding that will help ease you out of confrontations. 47. Instead of directly saying no to your boss, you should find out __________. 48. The author's second warning is that we should avoid running a greater risk by __________. 49. One way of responding to your boss's suggestion is to explain the __________ to her and offer an alternative solution. 50. To ensure fairness to reporters, it is important to set up a system for stories to __________. 51. People who learn to anticipate "What if...?" situations will be able to reach understanding and avoid __________. Section B Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Passage One Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage. At the heart of the debate over illegal immigration lies one key question: are immigrants good or bad for the economy? The American public overwhelmingly thinks they're bad. Yet the consensus among most economists is 2015年6月大学英语六级考试阅读的section A选词填空，要求从15个题目中选出10个词填到文章中对应的空格部分。文章主题是论述科技的进步对于就业的影响。文都教育搜集整理了部分出题可能性较大的原题，供学习参考： 题目： Innovation, the elixir (灵丹妙药) of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the Industrial Revolution hand weavers were ___36___ aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has ___37___ many of the mid-skill jobs that underpinned 20th-century middle-class life. Typists, ticketagents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with,just as the weavers were. For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising ___38___. Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more ___39___ society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was ___40___ on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered ___41___, but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has___42___, but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers. Optimism remains the right starting-point, but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its ___43___. Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge, in the short term income gaps will widen, causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics. Technology's ___44___ will feel like a tornado (旋风), hitting the rich world first, but ___45___ sweeping through poorer countries too. No government is prepared for it. 参考答案： 36. N swept 37. B displaced 38. I prosperity 39. H productive 40. C employed 41. F jobless 42. M shrunk 2007年6月 11. A) Surfing the net. B) Watching a talk show. C) Packing a birthday gift. D) Shopping at a jewelry store. 12. A) He enjoys finding fault with exams. B) He is sure of his success in the exam. C) He doesn’t know if he can do well in the exam. D) He used to get straight A’s in the exams he took. 13. A) The man is generous with his good comments on people. B) The woman is unsure if there will be peace in the world. C) The woman is doubtful about newspaper stories. D) The man is quite optimistic about human nature. 14. A) Study for some profession. B) Attend a medical school. C) Stay in business. D) Sell his shop. 15. A) More money. B) Fair treatment. C) A college education. D) Shorter work hours. 16. A) She was exhausted from her trip. B) She missed the comforts of home. C) She was impressed by Mexican food. D) She will not go to Mexico again. 17. A) Cheer herself up a bit. B) Find a more suitable job. C) Seek professional advice. D) Take a psychology course. 18. A) He dresses more formally now. 2011年6月英语六级快速阅读考试试题答案 2011年上半年英语六级考试于6月18日15：00-17：20举行，考试大在此预祝广大考生顺利通过考试！ Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) 1. B. The low graduation rates of minority students 2. D. its increased enrollment of minority students 3. B. The rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. 4. C. Fifiteen percent 5. B. they recruit the best students 6. A. Universities are to blame. 7. B. They cannot afford the high tuition. 8. that they are less qualified 9. some preparatory cources 10. be closed 2011年6月英语六级听力考试试题答案 2011年上半年英语六级考试于6月18日15：00-17：20举行，考试大在此预祝广大考生顺利通过考试！ 11 C) She has not got the man’s copies for her 12 B) She was late for the appointment 13 C) It won’t be easy for Mark to win the election 14 A) It failed to arrive at its destination in time 15 A) Just make use of whatever information is available 16 D) The woman isn’t qualified to take the course the manmentioned 17 A) They are both to blame 18 A) They are in desperate need of financial assistance 19 C) We derive some humorous satisfaction from theirmisfortune 20 C) They don’t know how to cope with the situation 21 A) They themselves would like to do it but don’t dare to 22 C) To relieve her feelings 23 D) Bringing a handgun into Hong Kong 24 D) He is suspected of having slipped something in Kunmar’sbag 25 B) Find Alfred Foster 26 B) They think travel gives them their money’s worth 27 D) Launch a new program of adventure trips 28 B) The way people travel 29 B) The changing roles played by men and women 30 A) Offer more creative and practical ideas than men 31 C) To show that women are capable of doing what men do 2008年6月英语六级真题及答案 Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Will E-books Replace Traditional Books? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1.随着信息技术的发展，电子图书越来越多 2.有人认为电子图书会取代传统图书，理由是…… 3.我的看法 Will E-books Replace Traditional Books? Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions:In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. What will the world be like in fifty years? This week some top scientists, including Nobel Prize winners, gave their vision of how the world will look in 2056,fron gas-powered cars to extraordinary health advances, John Ingham reports on what the world’s finest minds believe our futures will be. For those of us lucky enough to live that long,2056 will be a world of almost perpetual youth, where obesity is a remote memory and robots become our companions. We will be rubbing shoulders with aliens and colonizing outer space. Better still, our descendants might at last live in a world at peace with itself. The prediction is that we will have found a source of inexbaustible, safe, green energy, and that science will have killed off religion. If they are right we will have removed two of the main causes of war-our dependence on oil and religious prejudice. Will we really, as today’s scientists claim, be able to live for ever or at least cheat the ageing process so that the average person lives to 150? Of course, all these predictions come with a scientific health warning. Harvard professor Steven Pinker says: “This is an invitation to look foolish, as with the predictions of domed cities and nuclear-powered vacuum cleaners th at were made 50 year ago.” Living longer Anthony Atala, director of the Wake Forest Institute in North Carolina, belives failing organs will be repaired by injecting cells into the body. They will naturally to straight to the injury and help heal it. A system of injections without needles could also slow the ageing process by using the same process to “tune” cells. Bruce Lahn, professor of human genetics at the University of Chicago, anticipates the 2011年6月大学英语六级真题 Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Certificate Craze. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1．现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试 2．其目的各不相同 3．在我看来…… The Certificate Craze 注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sen tences with the information given in the passage. Minority Report American universities are accepting more minorities than ever. Graduating them is another matter. Barry Mills, the president of Bowdoin College, was justifiably proud of Bowdoin's efforts to recruit minority students. Since 2003 the small, elite liberal arts school in Brunswick, Maine, has boosted the proportion of so-called under-represented minority students in entering freshman classes from 8% to 13%. "It is our responsibility to reach out and attract students to come to our kinds of places," he told a NEWSWEEK reporter. But Bowdoin has not done quite as well when it comes to actually graduating minorities. While 9 out of 10 white students routinely get their diplomas within six years, only 7 out of 10 black students made it to graduation day in several recent classes. "If you look at who enters college, it now looks like America," says Hilary Pennington, director of postsecondary programs for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which has closely studied enrollment patterns in higher education. "But if you look at who walks across the stage for a diploma, it's still largely the white, upper-income population." The United States once had the highest graduation rate of any nation. Now it stands 10th. For the first time in American history, there is the risk that the rising generation will be less well educated than the previous one. The graduation rate among 25- to 34-year-olds is no better than the rate for the 55- to 64-year-olds who were going to college more than 30 years ago. Studies show that more and more poor and non-white students want to graduate from college – but their graduation rates fall far short of their dreams. The graduation rates for blacks, Latinos, and Native Americans lag far behind the graduation rates for whites and Asians. As the minority population grows in the United States, low college graduation rates become a threat to national prosperity. The problem is pronounced at public universities. In 2007 the University of Wisconsin-Madison – one of the top five or so prestigious public universities – graduated 81% of its white students within six years, but only 56% of its blacks. At less-selective state schools, the numbers get 2010年6月大学英语六级真题 2010年6月大学英语六级考试CET6A卷真题与B卷完全一致，仅题目顺序不一样而已，A卷考生请参照B卷真题及参考答案！ Part I Writing (30 minutes)注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上。 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1.近年来在学生中出现了忽视中文学习的现象； 2.出现这种现象的原因和后果； 3.我认为… Due Attention Should Be Given to the Study of Chinese Almost no one in China can have failed to notice the fact that a number of students pay little attention to the study of Cheese nowadays. Taking a look around, one can find examples too many to list: some refuse to go to Chinese classes, some read few Chinese classics and some rarely write in Chinese。 A number of factors can account for such phenomenon, but the following might be the critical ones. For one thing, the craze for learning English affect, to some degree, students’ passion for the study of their native language. For another, the increasing emphasis on some so-called ―practical subjects‖ closely related to the pursuit for jobs also cut into students’ time and energy spent on the study of Chinese。 The problem mentioned above is bound to generate severe consequences if we keep turning a blind eye to it. First ,students’ weakness in Chinese would lead to their ignorance of Chinese culture . Secondly, their problems with Chinese would also hinder the study of other subjects。 In view of the seriousness of the problem, effective measures must be taken before things get worse. In the first place, it is essential that the school attach more importance to the teaching of Chinese. In the second place, students should enhance their awareness of the importance of mastering their mother tongue. Only with these measures taken can we expect the all-sided development of students。 Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Obama's success isn't all good news for black Americans As Erin White watched the election results head towards victory for Barack Obama, she felt a burden lifting from her shoulders. "In that one second, it was a validation for my whole race," she recalls. "I've always been an achiever," says White, who is studying for an MBA at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee. "But there had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far. Now it's like a barrier has been let down." White's experience is what many psychologists had expected - that Obama would prove to be a powerful role model for African Americans. Some hoped his rise to prominence would have a big impact on white Americans, too, challenging those who still harbour racist sentiments. "The traits that characterise him are very contradictory to the racial stereotypes that black people are aggressive and uneducated," says Ashby Plant of Florida State University. "He's very intelligent and eloquent." Sting in the tail Ashby Plant is one of a number of psychologists who seized on Obama's candidacy to test hypotheses about the power of role models. Their work is already starting to reveal how the "Obama effect" is changing people's views and behaviour. Perhaps surprisingly, it is not all good news: there is a sting in the tail of the Obama effect. But first the good news. Barack Obama really is a positive role model for African Americans, and he was making an impact even before he got to the White House. Indeed, the Obama effect can be surprisingly immediate and powerful,2013年6月英语六级真题汇总及答案解析
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