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(完整)中考英语第二轮专项复习:数词 介词 连词

(完整)中考英语第二轮专项复习:数词 介词 连词
(完整)中考英语第二轮专项复习:数词 介词 连词

(完整)中考英语第二轮专项复习:数词介词连词

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数词

1。基数词的词形

(1)1 到12:one, two, three,four, five,six, seven,eight, nine, ten,_______, __________.

(2) 13 到19:个位数+teen:thirteen,______ ,_________,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen , ________。

(3)20到90的各整十位数都以+ty:______,thirty ,_______ ,_______,sixty,seventy,eighty, _______

(4)20到100,十位和个位之间加“-" .twenty-five, thirty—two, ninety—eight

(5)百位以上在百位和十位(没有十位则和个位)之间加and.

101:one hundred ____ one 258:two hundred ____fifty-eight

(6)数词每3位数一个单位:______百,______千,_______百万,billion十亿 4,002,0678:four______________________________

(7)概数表达法:数字+ hundred / thousand / million /+ 名词复数

Hundred s / thousand s / million s /+ of + 名词复数。

例如:____________200万____________数百万

Two ___the students are from the countryside. A. hundred B. hundred of C。hundreds of D. hundreds

2. 基数词的用法

1)基数词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、定语、表语和同位语.

2)基数词与名词连用表示编号: Lesson Eight 第八课Class One, Grade Three 三年级一班

3) 数词复数表示年龄和年代、月份和日期。表求确切年龄

①年代是四位数时,各分成二位来读:19 98年:读作:nineteen ninety-eight。

②日期按序数词读:7月10日读作July tenth。

③表示年代或人的不确切岁数,用几十的复数形式

表示某人的年龄:___ one’s +数词复数在某人几十多岁 He is ___his_______.已经80多岁了。

表示年代:____+ ____ + 数词复数 in _______________二十世纪六十年代

4)基数词用于表示时间。①表示“几点过几分”,30分钟之内用介词_________。

九点一刻_____________ 12∶30______________

②表示“几点差几分”,30分钟之内(不包括30分整),用介词________。

(7∶50) _____________ (8∶45) _____________ (12∶50) ____________

③也可以按照时刻表直接读数字。整点: 基数词+ o’clock

30 分钟 =____ 15分钟=______ 45分钟= _______

5)every +基数词 +复数名词。表示每……/每隔…… 。每隔十分钟 There is a bus ____

5 minutes

6).几个半的表达法:基数词 + and + a half +名词复数 = 基数词 +名词(单数/复数)+and +a half

two and a half ______ = two _____ and a half one and a half ______ = one ______ and a half

二、序数词:表示数目的顺序或事物的位置的词,叫作序数词.

1。序数词的形式:

1)1-3 : __________, ___________, ___________.

2)4-19: fourth, _____, sixth, seventh, eighth, __________tenth, eleventh,_________, thirteenth,

________,_______, sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth,__________

3)20到90: _________,________, ________, __________, sixtieth, seventieth, eightieth, _______

4)两位或多位数,只将个位改成序数词,其余仍用基数词表示:twenty——first, thirty-—second, forty—third

注意:①序数词的缩写形式为1st 2nd 3rd / 11th 12th13th/ 21st 22nd 23rd

2.序数词的用法(1)序数词可以作主语、宾语、表语、状语和定语

(作表语) Mary is the first to complete the test paper in her class.

(作状语) She always comes first.她总是第一个到。

(作定语)This was the first time he came to China. 这是他第一次来中国。

序数词在使用时,通常前面要加定冠词the ;但是如果序数词前+a 或an时,则表示“再……", “又……"。

I have failed in the exam twice. You can try it ______ third time。你可以再试一次.(作定语)

(2)序数词可以表示日期:It’s September the______ today。今天是9月1日.

(3)序数词可以表示编号: the t_______ lesson (=Lesson12) 第十二课

(4)。序数词前面有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格修饰时,不加the

It’s Jim’s _____ job 第一份. It's your _______time to Beijing 第二次

三、数词的特定表示法和读法

(1) 分数表示法:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于1,分母序数词+s.

1/2:a _____, 1/3:one____, 2/3 two_____ 1/4:a ______ 2/5:two_______,

3/4:three ________

One half of the students ________foreigners。 The two thirds of the earth _____ covered by water

(2)小数表示法:用基数词表示。0.9:zero point nine 或 point nine 3.58:three point five eight

(3)百分数表示法:per cent 18%:eighteen per cent

Ten percent of the students ________foreigners。75 percent of the earth _____ covered by water

(4)算式的表示方法

①加法“加"用plus,and或 add表示;“等于"用is,equal等词表示。

1+2=?可表示为:How much__ one plus two?一加二等于多少?1+2=3 One plus two__ three.

②减法“减“用minus:9-3=?How much ___ nine minus three? 9—3=6 Nine minus three___ six.

(5)序数词与冠词a/an的关系.

1)序数词前加不定冠词a/an, 表示“又一”、“再一”的意思。Try it___second time。再试一试。

2) of + the + 基数词,表示范围He is _______(tall)of the three He is

_______(tall) of the two

3)序数词一般+the , 基数词一般不加the (表达名次时候列外)

He is ____ first student to come . He come _____ in the race

但基数词与more连用,并放在more前,表示“另外有”、“还有”的意思.

I’ll take one _____ (=_______)pencil. There were twenty ____/______

_____trees to be planted!

(6)。数词+名词(+形容词)作定语,名词用单数形式。

A twenty-one—year—old girl is behind me. 一位二十一岁的女孩在我身后。

介词

一、介词的分类:时间介词地点介词方式介词

二、知识点精讲:

1。表示地点位置的介词

1)at ,in, on, to:

in表“范围较大的地方”,强调“空间”;at表在“范围较小的地方”,强调“点”;on 表

“在物体的表面”

in:(1)表示在大地方;He arrives ____ Nanjing . (2)表示“在…范围之内” He lives____ the bedroom

at: (1)表示在小地方; He arrives ____ home (2)表示“在……附近,旁边” He

sat ____the table

表示方位:in:表“在…范围之内” on: 表毗邻,接壤,。t o:表示在……范围外,不强调

是否接壤;或“到……”

Hunan lies ___the south of Hubei。 Taiwan lies ___the east of China. China lies

_____the west of America。

表位置:in “在……内”,on “在……上"(接触表面),on “在两边"“在左/右边”.

They are putting up a picture_________the wall.The girl ______the right is a famous actress。

1)____ the tree 用于指树上的鸟、人等。___ the tree用于指生长在树上果实。

2)____ the wall镶嵌在墙内,窗户、门等.____ the wall在墙的表面之上,地图等。

在报纸上____ the newspaper报上的内容。____ the newspaper放在报纸上的东西

3)。There is a big hole ____ the wall。 4).The teacher put up a picture ____ the wall.

2)by, beside, near和next to/close to

1) by和beside均表示“在……旁边",常可换用

There is a chair ____ the table. 桌子边上有一把椅子。She stood_____ the window. 她

站在窗边。

The hotel is ______he river. 那家饭店在河边.

by 被。。.,在..。之前;不迟于, 以..。为手段.

The classroom was cleaned _____ the students。Miss Lucy came to China ____

air.

He will reach there____ the end of next month . He learns English ____ speaking .

2) near表示“在……附近",表示的距离比by和beside稍远些,也时常换用

There is a theatre _______ his home. There is a post office ______ No。 1 Middle School.

3) next to表示“紧靠……的旁边"=close to The new building ______ the bookstore

is a cinema.

4) at 是“在。。.旁边”,beside也是“在。.。旁边”.但前者位置较随便,后者表示在较近的距离

beside 在。..的旁边,在.。。之外,与...相比。 besides 除...之外, 还有。。。

He found the body ______the river。We are all here _____ Tom..

3)。above, over, on 在……上

above 表示一个物体高过另一个物体,不强调是否垂直,与 below相对;

over一个物体在另一个物体的垂直上方,与under相对,但over与物体有一定的空间,不直接接触.

on表示一个物体在另一个物体表面上,并且两个物体互相接触。

1.The moon rose ______ the hill。 2。 There is a bridge _____ the river。 3。There is a book ______ the desk。

under表示在…正下方below表示在……下,不一定在正下方

The cat is________ the table。These students are _____ seventeen years old.不到十七岁.

The temperature will stay ___ zero in the day time,but at night it will fall _____ zero

He lives two floors _____me 。

4)in front of, in the front of在……前面

in front of…意思是“在……前面”,两者互不包括;反义词是_______

in the front of “在…。。的前部”,.反义词是________(在……范围内的后部)。

There is a blackboard _________________ our classroom。Our teacher stands ___________the classroom.

at/in the front of “在……里面的前部”,at the back of“在……里面的后部”,in the middle of “在……的中部”。

2.表示时间的介词: at强调“点”,in强调“段”,on强调“日"和某日的早、中、晚。

1)in , on,at 在……时

in表较长时间,世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月,(非特指)早、中、晚。

__ the 20th century , __the Ming dynasty , __ the 1950s ,__1989 , __summer , __ January,

__the morning , ___a cold moring ,__one’s life , __ one's thirties

on表具体某一天:日期,,周几,节日及其(特指的)早、中、晚。

____ May 1st,__ Monday, __ New Year’s D ay, __ a cold night, __ a fine morning,__ Sunday afternoon等.

at表在.。.时刻,在。.。点钟,在...岁时,向,按.。.速度,值(卖)...钱,或泛指节日

___ 3:20,____ this moment ,___ this time of year,__the age of …,___ Christmas, __ night, __ noon,He shouted ____ tme。 The car goes ____ eighty miles an hour。 __ the beginning of,___the end of …,

2)in, after 在……之后

“in +一段时间”将来的一段时间以后;由_____ 对其提问。(for+一段时间,延续性动词。由________提问。)

“after+一段时间”表示过去的一段时间以后; “after+将来的时间点”表示将来的某一时刻以后.

I’ll leave _______ three o’clock。That is, I’ll leave ________ about ten minutes。

They have _______ for 10 minutes 。 (leave ) They left _______ two weeks.

My friend will be back from Beijing ____two days. We finished the work____ three months.

before在。。.的前面(位置),在。.。之前(时间)

He took a picture _____ the car. He can’t finish his work ____ supper.

3)from, since, for自从……

from:仅说明什么时候开始,不说明持续多久;说明开始的时间,用过去,现在,将来时态。since:表示"自(某具体时间)以来”,只从某时一直延续至今,后接时间点,主句用完成时 . for:指动作延续贯穿整个过程,后接时间段,主句用完成时

He has worked here ______ 1965.自从1965年以来He began to work here ____ 1965.从1965年以。

I have lived here ____ I came here。 How long have you been in this city?-______ ten years.

Mr Smith has lived here _____1998。 From now on , I _____ learn English well

4)after, behind,in 在……之后

after主要用于表示时间;behind主要用于表示位置。

after + 以过去为起点的一段时间过去时

after + 时间点表示将来某个时间之后一般现在时一般过去时或将来时

in +the past 用过去时 I ____(can) swim in the past

in + the past/last + 一段时间 The great changes ______(take) place in the past few years

in + 一段时间指从现在算起的将来时间 He ____(come) in two days

They ______(finish) the work _______two years

I _____ ring you__________ two o’clock I sit _____ you

after 在...后面,依照。 He went home_____school。Read _____ me, please. 请跟我朗读。

5)表示“直到……”或“直到……才……”时,用“until(till)+时间点”.注:till多用于口语,且不能放在句首.

直到。。. 才前面的谓语动词为________性动词

直到。。。。前面的谓语动词为________性动词

She ____come back ________(till) July. I waited for you _____ she came home

6) “during+时间段"表示“在……期间";“by+时间点”表示“到……为止”,常用于将来时和完成时中。

They taught there _____ 2005~2008。 The teacher ________(start) teaching by the time she got to class。

We _____(learn) 3000 words by the end of this term .

3。表示运动方向的介词:

1)across, through ,past,over通过,穿过

across: 表横过,即从物体表面通过,从物体的边到另一边的移动,为二维;

through:表穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关,为三维.

past:表从物体的旁边经过,或通过某个界限;

over:表从物体的悬空上方移过,He is _____ sixty years old。他有六十多岁。

I walk ______ the mountain。 I swim ________the river.

I walk _____ the school, run past the finishing line。 The train goes _____ the tunnel

Walk ______ the bridge,and you'll find the cinema=_____ the bridge,you’ll find a cinema

2)along ,down ,from ,towards ,to也都是表示运动方向的介词

along沿着,顺着。down沿着/往下from从。.。, 来自.。., 因为..。。to到.。.,向...,趋于。

1 The road runs _______ the forest. 2。My father drives his taxi _______ the streets every day.

3。He watched TV______6p。m.___7 p.m。

3)表示“在……之间”的介词:between在两个人或两个事物之间;among指三个或三个以上的人或物之间。

4.表示其他意义的介词

1)on ,about 关于on 表示严肃的,学术性的或专业性比较强,可供专门研究;

about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。 about 关于,附近,大约,周围,随身。

There’s ______ 15 trees in the picture. 大约有十五棵树在图片里。

2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具“用“

by:以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;We made it by hand.

with:用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;如:with a knife

in:用…方式,用…语言,嗓音,语调、颜色)等;如:in English, in red.

1。Please write the letter ____ a pen. 2.Please speak ____ a loud voice。

3Learn the new words _____ heart。 4。We see_____ our eyes.

3)but,except, besides

but:“除。.。之外” 常与否定意义连用except:除……之外,不包括在内;besides: 除……之外,包括在内.

We can do nothing ____ wait 。 ______Mr. Wang, we went to see the film。(王先生没去)

______ Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.(王先生也去了)

4)表示方式:_______the radio ________the phone Please answer this question ________English.

表示比较: He is ______tall ________me。 Jack is taller _____ me

表示原因:Don’t worry ____ my lessons. Business kept me______ coming。He was angry____ what I did.

表示条件:______ your help, I finished it on time。 __________your advice, he would have failed。

表示距离、数量:My house is ten miles ____ the school。 They were thirty_______ all。

表示目的:I only said it_________ a joke. It’s time________ class.

be made_______+从成品上看得出的材料 be made _______ +产地 be made _______制成

be made_______+从成品上看不出的原料 be made_______ +制造者 be made ____ ___组成

It is said that this kind of cloth is made ______silk and it is made______China。This wine is made _________ grapes. This machine is made__________ Uncle Wang.

5)against撞到,靠着,反对,违背, He is standing ____ the wall。靠墙站着。He does sth. _____the law

6)around /round 在...的周围,在..。那一边。大约The earth travels _____ the sun .

They sat _____ the table talking the news.他们绕桌而坐谈论新闻。

7)as 作为。 like 象。。。,如同。。.= for 为.。。

The twins are______ their father. 双胞胎像他们的父亲。He works ____a worker .

He works ____ this company. 他为这家公司工作。

8)beyond在。。.那边, 在。.。范围外Her achievements went ______ the film industry.

9)in在.。。,在。。.之内,从事于..., 穿着.。.按照.。。

I could finish the program ___two weeks. He spend less time____ reading。

The man ____ black jacket is our teacher。穿黑夹克 You can solve the problem ____this way .

10)off离开...,在.。。之外.

The young man got ____the train quickly. I live in a village a little way ___ the main road。

11)out of 从..。出来,在。..之外outside ..。外边

The dog run _______the house. They are waiting _______ the gate。

12)throughout遍及。。。,在各处.The police searched for the criminal ____ the mountain.警察搜山寻找犯人。

13)up在.。.上面,down He went ___ the stairs.他上了楼梯。It's not polite to look ___on him。蔑视

He is looking _____ the word in the dictionary 。

14)within在..。之内with 和,附带,带有without没有,不,在..。之外。

You must finish the work _____ two weeks. 两周内We can’t do it better _____

your help. 没有你的帮助

15)of sb。与for sb. 的区别 It's clever ___ you to do it It's important ___you to learn English well

16)by , in , on表示旅行方式

by 1) 用于不涉及交通工具的名词前 by sea by air by land

2) 用于涉及交通工具时,不加冠词 by car by ship

in 和on 名词前要有冠词,物主性代词都能;

1)开放或半开放形的工具用: on a bike on the bike on my bike 2) 封闭性的工具运用: in a car

17)to /at表示行为对象的区别 at 动词连用表示攻击的目标,含有某种恶意。 to 表示方向,无恶意

Don’t laugh ___ others It’s too nois y ,so he shouted ___me

18)of / in 用于最高级的区别: of 一般接数词或可数复数 in 接集合名词

He is the tallest ____ the four/ of us/of the students He is the tallest ___ my class/family…

19) for/to /towards + 地点的区别

for 会用于leave start 后表示运动的方向目的: to 跟go, come, return, move 等候表示目的地:

towards 表朝,向说明运动方向没有到达的意思

He left _____ Nanjing yesterday 。 He came_____Nanjing by bus He walked _____ the bridge 。

三、介词和动词的固定搭配:

look____(找) find___(查明)look___(环视)hear___(听说)hear____(收到……的来信)spend+钱+__sth。(花钱做某事)spend+时间+(___) doing sth.(花时间做事) break___闯入call ___回电话 cut ____砍伐 cut ___ 挖出fall ___下降,从。..落下fall ____(跌倒) give___放弃ask____ (要求) leave____(动身去) care ___(关心)pay ____(付钱) wait ____(等待) agree ____ sb (同意某人) begin ____ (以……开始)help____(在……方面帮助)get on/along ____(与……相处) make friends ____ (与……交朋友) compare…____与……比较be charged ___被指控.。。be attacked____受到.。.的攻击try ____(试穿)prefer..。____。。。(更喜欢) learn___oneself (自学) stop。。。(___)doing (阻止……做……) help oneself ___(随便吃……)carry on____继续开展clean____整理,收拾come ____(出版)devote ...____(献于)divide .。。____(把.。.分成)dream____(梦想)belong___属于 laugh___嘲笑, turn ____打开/关闭,worry____担忧, ____ one’s way home to 在某人回家的路上___ trouble 陷入麻烦____ pleasure,___the end,be used___doing,be used___,(当作)be good__ (在……方面好),be good__(对……有好处) be bad ___ (对……有坏处),be late ____ (迟到),be sorry____ (为……遗憾), be full ___(充满) be busy ___ (忙于) be angry ___ (对某人生气),be afraid _____(害怕)be interested_____ (对…感兴趣), be weak_____(在……方面差)be different___(与……不同),be strict____ sb。/___ sth. (对某人严格) be fond___(喜爱), be proud ___,骄傲be kind(nice) _____sb 对某人亲切the same __与.。。一样

6。短语介词: because of , instead of

四、省略介词的几种情况

1、表时间的短语如有next,last,one,this,every,each,some,any,all等,不用介词

Can you come to see me next Monday? We got married last year

连词

连词两类:并列连词:表词、短语、从句或句子之间具有并列关系:转折、联合、因果、选

择四类;

从属连词:是用来引导各类从句的连词。

一、并列连词:

1、表并列关系的and,both…and,not only…but also,neither…nor等。

例1、I could speak____ Japanese____Chinese,so I had to talk with him in

English.

A. not only; but also B。 both; and C。 neither; nor D. either;or 。

例2__ you__ he is able to ski,but I am. A. Both; and B。 Not only; but

also C。 Either; or D. Neither; nor

2、表选择关系的or,either…or, otherwise等.

例1 “You can’t have them both。 Y ou can choose____ the kite____ the toy car,”

A。 either; or B。 both; and C。 not only; but also

例2 Which would you like , apples ____ pears

3、表转折关系的but, however, still, yet, nevertheless, while 等.

but, however, still, yet, nevertheless, while区别:

1)But 口语常用词,语气较强,泛指与前述情况相反。

2)However 表转折关系,语气稍弱于but,连接性也弱一些,因而常作插入语.

3)Still 语气强,用于肯定句或疑问句。尽管作出让步,或表示反对,但情况仍然如故,无所改变。

4)Yet 常用于否定句,语气比still稍强。指不管作出多大努力或让步,仍达不到预期的结果。

5)While 表前后对比

Mary was a nice girl, ________ she had one shortcoming.

Tom got up early, ______ he failed to catch the train.

Though he was very tired, _______ he kept on walking.

Your composition is fairly good, _________,there is still some room for improvement.

Jane is hard working ,________ her sister is quite lazy

4、表因果关系的for, so,therefore等。

1.for后接句子,表推断性的原因,引导的分句只用来对前一分句补充说明理由或作某些原因的推断。

You'd better put on your coat, _____ it’s very cold outside.你最好穿上大衣,因为外面很冷。2.so表结果,意为”因而,所以", 3。therefore意为"因此,所以”。:He knew little about it, __________,he couldn’t give yo u and advice。

It's dark, _______I must go home at once。天黑了,所以我必须马上回家。

二、从属连词

一)、引导状语从句的连词

1引导时间状语从句:after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as

例1:Don’t get off the bus____ it has stopped.A。 until B。 if C。 to D. for

例2:He met many problems____ he was going over his lessons. before B. as soon as C。 since D。 while

2、引导条件状语从句的if, unless, as long as等。

He will look for another job__ the company offers him more money. A。 after

B. when

C. unless

D. besides

3、引导原因状语从句的because, as, since, for等.

例:The red suitcase is expensive__ it’s made of leather。 A. when B. if C. because D。 though

4、引导目的状语从句的so that, in order that等。

You should return the digital cameras to Sally____ she will not be angry。A。 so that B。 because C。 before D。 or

5、引导让步状语从句的though, although, even if等.

__ they are twins,they don't look like the same at all. A。 Because B. Though C。As D. Since

6、引导结果状语从句的so…that,such…that等。例:Did you see who the driver

was?No,the car ran so fast____ I couldn't see his face A. That B. Which

C. as D。 so

7、引导比较状语从句的than, as…as,not so…as等.例:This maths problem is____

that one。

A. so easy as B。 as difficult as C. much difficult than D。 less easier than

8、引导方式状语从句的as if, as though等.例:It looks _______ the weather will

be fine very soon。

9、引导地点状语从句where, wherever等例:_____ you go, I will follow you .

二)、引导宾语从句的连词

1.连词that,He knew (that) he should work hard. 2.连词if 、whether,译为“是否”Tom don’t know if/whether his grandpa liked the present。

一般情况下,if 和whether可以互换,但以下3种情况只能用whether:

①在不定式前:例:Whether to go there or not hasn't been decided.

②在介词前:例:It depends on(依靠)whether it is going to rain。

③与or…not连用例:They are talking about whether to go there or not。

3.连接代词who, whom,whose,what,which,连接副词when, where,why, how,它们起连接作用,作句子成分,各有自己的意义. 例:I wonder where he got so much money.

三)、引导定语从句的连词

1、that 既可指人,也可指物.

2、which指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。

3、who,whom指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。

4 、when指时间,其先行词表示时间,句中作时间状语。This was the time______ he arrived.他到达的时间。

5 、where指地点,其先行词表示地点,作地点状语。This is place _______ he works.这是他工作的地点。

6 、why 指原因,先行词是原因,原因状语。Nobody knows the reason _____ he is often late for school.

四)、引导表语从句的连词

1)。由连接副词引导:

The problem is_______ we can find him. 问题是我们如何找到他。

That’s _______I first met her. 那就是我第一次遇见她的地方。

That’s________he didn’t come。这就是他没有来的缘故。

2). 由关系代词型what引导: That’s ______ I want to do. 这是我想做的。

三、常用连词的考点辨析

1 while, when, as

1)当某事正在进行的时候,又发生了另一件事。While, when, as可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。

_____/_______/_________ I was walking down the street I noticed a police car. 2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候,最常用的是while。例如:

________ mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.

3)当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时,最常用的是as.例如:

_______ children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.

4)当两个短动作同时发生时,或表示“一边…一边…”时,最常用as。

He looked behind from time to time_______she went

5)当从句是瞬间动作,主句是延续性动作时,通常用when。 ________ John arrived I was cooking lunch。

2、as, because, since , for

1)如果原因构成句子的最主要部分,一般用because.because引导的从句往往放在句末.

Why aren’t you going?———________I don’t want to.

2) 如果原因已被人们所知,或不如句子的其它部分重要,就用as或since。

Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头.

________ he wasn’t ready, we left without him。 ________ I have no money, I can’t buy any food.

3)for用来补充说明一种理由, for引导的句子不放在句子的开头。

I decided to stop and have lunch--—-________ I was feeling quite hungry.

3、if, whether

if和whether都可作“是否"讲,在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。在下列情况下,只能用whether,不能用if:

1) 引导主语从句时.例如:________ he will come to the party is unknown.

2) 引导表语从句时.例如:The question is ________ I can pass the exam。

3) 在不定式前。例如:I haven’t made up my mind ________ to go there or not。

4、so…that, such..。that

1)so…that的so是副词,跟形容词或副词,such.。.that的such是形容词,接名词或名

词短语。

例如:I’m ________tired that I can't walk any farther.

2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时,用so,不用such.例如:

He has ________ little education that he is unable to get a job。

I have had ________many falls that I am black and blue all over.

5、either…or…,(要么…要么…)neither…nor, (既不…也不…)not only…but also…(不仅…而且…)连接两个并列成分。连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词要“就近原则”。例如:Either you or he wrong。 Neither he nor his children (like)fish.

Not only the teacher but also the students (want) to buy the book.

Both you and Tom_____(like) playing basketball

6、although, but

he is over sixty, he works as hard as others. 或He is over sixty,

he works as hard as others。

7、because, so: John was ill, I took him to the doctor. 或John was ill,

_____I took him to the doctor。

8、连词and的六个重要考点

1 考查连接两个相同的比较级,表示“越来越……"。如:

Your work is getting better better. 你的工作干得越来越好了。

2 考查连接两个相同的动词,表示动作的反复或连续。如: He tried tried but without success。他试了又试,但没有成功。

3 用在 come, go, run, stay, stop, try 等之后表示目的(and 在此相当于不定式符号to).如: Come _____ have a look. 来看一看。

4 用在祈使句后,表示结果,意为“那么”(暗示一种条件)。如:

Work hard ____ you'll pass the examinations=______ you work hard, you’ll pass the examinations。and和or的用法

“祈使句 + or + 陈述句”句式中,or前后是对立的;“祈使句 + and + 陈述句”句式中,and前后是统一的;

两句都可以转换成“if引导的条件句 + 主句”形式。但转换时应注意去掉or和and。

Study hard,____ you’ll pass the exam. A. and B. so C. or D。 but

Tom,keep away from the fire,____ you will be burnt。A。 and B. so C. or D。but

10、可用于“主将从现”的连词

以when,before, after,as soon as, until , not until 等引导的时间状语从句

以if,unless等引导的条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句则用一般现在时.例如:When I ______(grow) up, I ______ be a nurse and look after patients.

I________ tell her the good news as soon as she_______( come) back。

11。连词if的用法

(1)if作为连词,引导条件状语从句,“假如"“如果"。主将从现 If it ____(not rain) ,he____( come) here

(2)if作为连词引导宾语从句。和whether “是否” Lily asks if / whether

she________ (come)

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