阅读训练材料
Word Study
Context Clues
Although there is no formula that you can memorize to improve your ability to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words, you should keep the following points in mind: https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e6423983.html,e the meanings of the other words in the sentence (or paragraph) and the meaning
of the sentence as a whole to reduce the number of possible meanings.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e6423983.html,e grammar and punctuation clues that point to the relationships among the various
parts of the sentence.
3.Be content with a general idea about the unfamiliar word; the exact definition or
synonym is not always necessary.
4.Learn to recognize situations in which it is not necessary to know the meaning of the
word
Example
1.I removed the ____from the shelf and began to read.
2.Harvey is a thief; he would ____the gold from h is grandmother's teeth and not
feel guilty.
3.Our uncle was a ____, an incurable wanderer who never could stay in one place.
4.Unlike his brother, who is truly a handsome person, Hogartty is quite ____.
5.The Asian ____, like other apes, is specially adapted for life in trees.
6.But surely everyone knows that if you step on an egg, it will ____.
7.Tom got a new ____for his birthday. It is a sports model, red, with white interior
and bucket seats.
Stems and Affixes
Prefixes
com-, con-, col-, cor-, co- together, with cooperate, connect
in-, ira-, il-, ir- in, into, on invade, insert
in-, im-, il-, ir- not impolite, illegal
micro- small microscope, microcomputer
pre- before prepare, prehistoric
re-, retro- back; again return, retrorocket Stems
-audi-,-audit- hear auditorium, auditor
-chron- time chronology, chronological
-dic-, -dict- say, speak dictator, dictation
-graph-, -gram- write, writing telegraph, telegram
-log-,-ology- speech, word, study biology
-phon- sound telephone
-scrib-, -script- write describe, script
-spect- look at inspect, spectator
-vid-, -vis- see video, vision Suffixes
-er, -or one who worker, ,spectator
-ist one who typist, biologist
-tion, -ation condition, the act of action, celebration Exercise 1
1. In each item, select the best definition of the italicized word.
a. He lost his spectacles.
____ 1. glasses ____ 3. pants
____ 2. gloves ____ 4. shoes
b. He drew concentric circles.
____ l. OO ____ 3.
____2. ____ 4.
c. He inspected their work.
____ 1. spoke highly of ____ 3. examined closely
____ 2. did not examine ____ 4. did not like
2. Circle the words where in- means not. Watch out; there are false negatives in this list.
inject inside insane inspect
invaluable inflammable inactive invisible
Exercise 2
Word analysis can help you to guess the meaning of unfamiliar words. Using context clues and what you know about word parts, write a synonym, description, or definition of the italicized words.
1. __________________ The doctor asked Martin to inhale deeply and hold his breath
for 10 seconds.
2. __________________ Many countries import most of the oil they use.
3. __________________ Three newspaper reporters collaborated in writing this series
of articles.
4. __________________ Calling my professor by her first name seems too informal to
me.
5. __________________ It is Joe's prediction that by the year 2000 there will be
female president of the United States.
6 .__________________ Historians use the inscriptions on the walls of ancient temples
to guide them in their studies.
7. __________________ You cannot sign up for a class the first day it meets in September;
you must preregister in August.
8. __________________ After his long illness, he didn't recognize his own reflection in
the mirror.
9. _________________ I dictated the letter to my secretary over the phone.
10. _________________ I'm sending a sample of my handwriting to a graphologist who
says he can use it to analyze my personality.
Difficult Sentence
Read the following sentences carefully. The questions that follow are designed to you?re your comprehension of complex grammatical structures. Select the best answer.
Example
The student revolt is not only a thorn in the side of the president's newly established government, but it has international implications as well.
Whom or what does this revolt affect?
____ a. the students
____ b. the side of the president's body
____ c. only the national government
____ d. national and international affairs
Explanation
____ a. According to the sentence, the students are the cause of certain events, not those affected.
____ b. Although you may not have been familiar with the idiom a thorn in someone?s side, context clues should have told you that this phrase means a problem and
does not actually refer to the side of the president's body.
____ c. National government is an incomplete answer. The construction not only.., but...as well should tell you that more than one element is involved. The
president's newly established government (the national government) is not the
only area affected by the revolt.
____ d. The revolt affects both national and international affairs.
1.I disagreed then as now with many of John Smith?s judgments, but always respected
him, and this book is a welcome reminder of his big, honest, friendly, stubborn personality.
How does the author of this sentence feel about John Smith?
____ a. He dislikes him but agrees with his ideas.
____ b. He considers him to be a disagreeable person.
____ c. He disagrees with his ideas but respects him.
____ d. He disagreed with him then but agrees with him now.
2.Concepts like passivity, dependence, and aggression may need further research if
they are to continue to be useful ways of thinking about human personalities.
What might require more research?
____ a. human thought processes
____ b. certain concepts
____ c. human personalities
____ d. useful ways of thinking
3.In order for you to follow the schedule set by the publisher, your paper must be looked
over over the weekend, revised, and handed in in its final form on Monday.
What must you do on Saturday and Sunday?
____ a. meet the publisher ____ c. hand in a paper
____ b. examine your paper ____ d. look over the weekend
4.The real reason why prices were, and still are, too high is complicated, and no short
discussion can satisfactorily explain this problem.
What word or phrase best describes prices?
____ a. complicated ____ c. too high in the past, but low now
____ b. adequately explained ____ d. too high in the past and in the present
5.This is not just a sad-but-true story; the boy's experience is horrible and damaging, yet
a sense of love shines through every word.
How does the author of this sentence feel about the story?
____ a. It transmits a sense of love.
____ b. It is just sad.
____ c. It is not true.
____ d. It is horrible and damaging.
6.In the past five years the movement has grown from unorganized groups of poorly
armed individuals to a comparatively well-armed, well-trained army of anywhere from 10,000 to 16,000 members.
What is the present condition of this movement?
____ a. The members are poorly armed.
____ b. There are only a few poor individuals.
____ c. There are over 16,000 members.
____ d. The members are organized and well armed.
7.The financial situation isn't bad yet, but we believe that we have some vital
information and, if it is correct, unemployment will soon become a serious problem.
What do we know about the financial situation?
____ a. It won't change.
____ b. It will become a serious problem.
____ c. It is not bad now.
____ d. It will improve.
8.The general then added, “The only reasonable solution to the sort of problems caused
by the current unstable political situation is one of diplomacy and economic measures and not the use of military force.”
What type of solution does the general support?
____ a. economic and diplomatic action
____ b. diplomatic and economic, action if military force fails
____ c. only diplomatic action
____ d. military actions in response to political problems
9.Because the supply of natural gas was plentiful in comparison to other choices like
coal and fuel oil, and because it burns cleaner, many people changed their heating systems to natural gas, thereby creating shortages.
Why did people prefer gas?
____ a. It was natural.
____ b. There were no other choices.
____ c. The other fuels were dirtier and less plentiful.
____ d. There is, even today, a plentiful supply of it.
10. My discovery of Tillie Olsen was a gift from a friend; years ago she gave me her copy
of Tell Me a Riddle because she liked the stories and wanted to share the experience.
What do we know about Tillie Olsen?
____ a. She is a friend.
____ b. She likes stories.
____ c. She gives gifts.
____ d. She is an author.
Main Idea
Example
By the time the first European travelers on the American continent began to record some of their observations about Indians, the Cherokee people had developed an advanced culture that probably was exceeded only by the civilized tribes of the S outhwest: Mayan and Aztec groups. The social structures of the Cherokee people consisted of a form of clan kinship in which there were seven recognized clans. All members of a clan were considered blood brothers and sisters and were bound by honor to defend any member of that clan from wrong. Each clan, the Bird, Paint, Deer, Wolf, Blue, Long Hair, and Wild Potato, was represented in the civil council by a councilor or councillors. The chief of the tribe was selected from one of these clans and did not inherit his office from his kinsmen. Actually, there were two chiefs, a Peace chief and War chief. The Peace chief served when the tribe was at peace, but the minute war was declared, the War chief was in command.
Select the statement that best expresses the m ain idea of the paragraph.
____a. The Cherokee chief was different in war time than in peace time.
____b. Before the arrival of the Europeans the Cherokees had developed a well-organized society.
____c. The Mayans and the Aztecs were part of the Cherokee t ribe.
____d. Several Indian cultures had developed advanced civilizations before Europeans arrive
Explanation
____a. This is not the main idea. Rather, it is one of several examples the author uses to support his statement that the Cherokee people had deve loped an
advanced culture.
____b. This statement expresses the main idea of the paragraph. All other sentences in the paragraph are examples supporting the idea that the Cherokees had
developed an advanced culture by the time Europeans arrived on the
continent.
____c. This statement is false, so it cannot be the main idea.
____d. This statement is too general. The paragraph describes the social structure of the Cherokee people only. Although the author names other advanced Indian cultures, he does this only to strengthen his argument that the Cherokees had developed an advanced culture.
Paragraph 1The first invention of human beings was the wheel. Although no wheel forms are found in nature, undoubtedly the earliest “wheels” were smooth logs which were used for moving weights over the earth's surface. No one recorded who he or she was or when it happened, but when the “first inventor” placed a wheel on an axle, people began to roll from one place to another. Records of this type of wheel have been found among Egyptian relics dating back to 2,000 B.C. and earlier Chinese civilizations are
credited with independent invention of the same mechanism. The wheel so fascinated the human mind that people have spent centuries building machines around it; yet in over 4,000 years its basic design has remained unchanged. All about us we see the spinning shafts, gears, flywheels, pulleys, and rotors which are the descendents of the first wheel. The roaring propeller of an aircraft engine, the whirling wheel of a giant ste am turbine, and the hairspring of a tiny watch are examples of the rotary motion which characterizes our mechanical world. It is hard to conceive of continuous motion without the wheel. Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragrap h.
____a. The wheel is used today in industry and transportation.
____b. One of human beings' first inventions, the wheel, has remained important for years.
____c. The basic design of the wheel has been changed to meet the needs of industrial society.
____d. Although we don't know exactly who invented the wheel, it is evident that Egyptians and Chinese used it about 4,000 years ago.
Paragraph 2At the University of Kansas art museum, investigators tested the effects of different colored walls on two groups of visitors to an exhibit of paintings. For the first group the room was painted white; for the second, dark brown. Movement of each group was followed by an electrical system under the carpet. The experiment revealed that those who entered the dark brown room walked more quickly, covered more area, and spent less time in the room than the people in the white environment. Dark brown stimulated more activity, but the activity ended sooner. Not only the choice of colors but also the genera appearance of a room communicates and influences those inside. Another experiment presented subjects with photographs of faces that were to be rated in terms of energy and well-being. Three groups of subjects were used; each was shown the same photos, but each group was in a different kind of room. One group was in an “ugly” room that resembled a messy storeroom. Another group was in an average room--a nice office. The third group was in a tastefully designed living room with carpeting and drapes. Results showed that the subjects in the beautiful room tended to give higher ratings to the faces than did those in the ugly room. Other studies suggest that students do better tests taken in comfortable, attractive rooms than in ordinary-looking ugly rooms.
Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph
____a. People in beautiful rooms tend to give higher ratings to photographs of faces than people in ugly rooms.
____b. The color and general appearance of a room influence the behavior and attitudes of the people in it
____c. The University of Kansas has studied the effects of the color of a room on people's behavior.
____d. Beautifully decorated, light-colored rooms make people more comfortable than ugly, dark rooms.
Paragraph 3 Teaching is supposed to be a professional activity requiring long and complicated training as well as official certification. The act of teaching is looked upon
as a flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container. The student's role is one of receiving information; the teacher's role is one of sending it. There is a clear distinction assumed between one who is supposed to know (and therefore not capable of being wrong) and another, usually younger person who is supposed not to know. However, teaching need not be the province of a special group of people nor need it be looked upon as a technical skill. Teaching can be more like guiding and assisting than forcing information into a supposedly empty head. If you have a certain skill you should be able to share it with someone. You do not have to get certified to convey what you know to someone else or to help them in their attempt to teach themselves. All of us, from the very youngest children to the oldest members of our cultures should come to realize our own potential as teachers. We can share what we know, however little it might be, with someone who has need of that knowledge skill.
Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
____a. The author believes that it is not difficult to be a good teacher.
____b. The author believes that every person has the potential to be a teacher.
____c. The author believes that teaching is a professional activity requiring special training.
____d. The author believes that teaching is the flow of knowledge from a higher source to an empty container.
Paragraph 4Albert Einstein once attributed the creativity of a famous scientist to the fact that he "never went to school, and therefore preserved the rare gift of thinking freely." There is undoubtedly truth in Einstein's observation; many artists and geniuses seem to view their schooling a disadvantage. But such a truth is not a criticism of schools. It is function of schools to civilize, not to train explorers. The explorer is always a lonely individual whether his or her pioneering be in a music, science, or technology. The creative explorer of unmapped lands shares with the genius what William James described as the "faculty of perceiving in an unhabitual way." Insofar as schools teach perceptual patterns they tend to destroy creativity and genius. But if schools could somehow exist solely to cultivate genius, then society would break down. For the social order demands unity and widespread agreement, both traits that are destructive to creativity. There will always be conflict between the demands of society and the impulses of creativity and genius.
Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
____ a. Albert Einstein and other geniuses and artists have said that schools limit creativity a nd genius.
____ b. Schools should be designed to encourage creativity.
____ c. Explorers can be compared to geniuses because both groups look at the world differently from the way most people do.
____ d. Schools can never satisfy the needs of both geniuses and society as a whole.
Paragraph 5Perhaps the most startling theory to come out of kinesics, the study of body movement, was suggested by Professor Ray Birdwhistel He believes that physical appearance is often culturally programmed. In other words, we learn our looks--we are not born with them. A baby has generally unformed facial features. A baby, according to Birdwhistell,
learns where to set the eyebrows by looking at those around --family and friends. This helps explain why the people of some regions of the United States lo0k so much alike. New Englanders or Southerners have certain common facial characteristics that cannot be explained by genetics. The exact shape of the mouth is not set at birth, it is learned after. In fact, the final mouth shape is not formed until well after permanent teeth are set. For many, this can be well into adolescence. A husband and wife together for a long time often come to look somewhat alike. We learn our looks from those around us. This is perhaps why in a single country there are areas where people smile more than those in other areas. In the United States, for example, the South is the part of the country where the people smile most frequently. In New England they smile less, and in the western pan of New York st ate still less. Many Southerners find cities such as New York cold and unfriendly, partly because people on Madison Avenue smile less than people on Peachtree Street in Atlanta, Georgia. People in densely populated urban areas also tend to smile and greet each other in public less than do people in rural areas and small towns.
Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
____a. Ray Birdwhistell can tell what region of the United States a person is from by how much he or she smiles.
____ b. Ray Birdwhistell is a leader in the field of kinesics.
____ c. Ray Birdwhistell says that our physical appearance is influenced by the appearance of people around us.
____ d. People who live in the country are more friendly than people who live in densely populated areas
Paragraph 6In any archaeological study that includes a dig, the procedures are basically the same: 1) selecting a site 2) hiring local workers 3) surveying the site and dividing it into sections 4) digging trenches to locate levels and places to excavate 5) mapping architectural features 6) developing a coding system that shows the exact spot where an object is found 7) and recording, tagging, cleaning and storing excavated materials. Neilson C. Debevoise, writing on an expedition to Iraq in the early 1930's, described the typical “route” of excavated pottery. Workers reported an object to staff members before removing it from the ground. The date, level; location and other important information were written on a piece of paper and placed with the object. At noon the objects were brought in from the field to the registry room where they were given a preliminary cleaning. Registry numbers were written with waterproof India ink on a portion of the object previously painted with shellac. The shellac prevented the ink from soaking into the object, furnished a good writing surface, and made it possible to remove the number in a moment. From the registry room objects were sent to the drafting department. If a clay pot, for example, was of a new type, a scale drawing was made on graph paper Measurements of the top, greatest diameter, base, height, color of the glaze, if any, the quality and texture of the body and the quality of the workmanship were recorded on paper with the drawing. When the drafting department had completed its work the materials were placed on the storage shelves, grouped according to type for division with the Iraq government and eventually shipped to museums. Today, the steps of a dig remain basically the same, although specific techniques vary.
Select the statement that best expresses the main idea of the paragraph.
____ a. For a number of years, archaeologists have used basically the same procedure when conducting a dig.
____b. Neilson C.Debevoise developed the commonly accepted procedure for organizing a dig.
_____c. Archaeologists take great care to assure that all excavated objects are properly identified.
____d. A great deal of important historical and archaeological information can be provided by a dig.
Restatement and Inference
Sentence Study
Each sentence below is followed by five statements. The statements are of four types:
1. Some of the statements are restatements of the original sentence. They give the same
information in a different way.
2. Some of the statements are inferences (conclusions) that can be drawn from the information
given in the original sentence.
3. Some of the statements are false based on the information given.
4. Some of the statements cannot be judged true or false based on the information given in the
original sentence.
Put a check (/) next to all restatements and inferences (types 1 and 2). Note: do not check a statement that is true of itself but cannot be inferred from the sentence given.
Example Heavy smokers and drinkers run a fifteen-times greater risk of
developing cancer of the. mouth and throat than nonsmokers and
nondrinkers.
_____ a. Cancer of the mouth and throat is more likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinker than in nonsmokers and nondrinkers.
_____ b. People who never drink and smoke will not get mouth or throat cancer.
_____ c. Heavy drinkers who run have a greater risk of developing cancer than nondrinkers.
_____ d. People who don't smoke and drink have less chance of getting cancer of the mouth and throat than those who smoke ,and drink heavily.
_____ e. People would probably be healthier if they did not drink and smoke too much. Explanation
_____ a. This is a restatement of the original sentence. If heavy smokers and drinkers run a greater risk of developing cancer than those who do not drink or smoke, then cancer is more
likely to occur in heavy smokers and drinkers.
_____ b. It is not true that people who never smoke and drink will never get mouth or throat cancer. We only know that they are less likely to get this kind of cancer.
_____ c. The word run in the original sentence is part of the phrase to run a risk which means to be in danger. The sentence does not tell us anything about heavy drinkers who enjoy the
sport of running.
_____ d. This is a restatement of the original sentence. If people who drink and smoke heavily have a greater chance of getting mouth and throat cancer than those who don't, then it
must be true that those who don't smoke and drink heavily have less chance of
developing this kind of cancer.
_____ e. This is an inference that can be drawn from the information given. If people who smoke and drink heavily run a high risk of developing cancer, then we can infer that people
probably would be healthier ff they didn't smoke and drink too much (heavily).
1.Nine out of ten doctors responding to a survey said they recommend our product to their
patients if they recommend anything.
_____ a. Nine out of ten doctors recommend the product.
_____ b. Of the doctors who responded to a survey, nine out of ten doctors recommend the product.
_____ c. If they recommend anything, nine out of ten doctors responding to a survey recommend the product.
_____ d. Most doctors recommend the product.
_____ e. We don't know how many doctors recommend the product.
2. This organization may succeed marvelously at what it wants to do, but what it wants to do
may not be all that important.
_____ a. The organization is marvelous.
_____ b. The organization may succeed.
_____ c. Although the organization may reach its goals, the goals might not be important.
_____ d. What the organization wants is marvelous.
_____ e. The author questions the goals of the organization.
3. This book contains a totally new outlook that combines the wisdom of the past with scientific
knowledge to solve the problems of the present.
_____ a. Problems of the past and present are solved in this book.
_____ b. In this book, current knowledge and past wisdom are combined to solve current problems.
_____ c. Only by using knowledge of the past and present can we solve problems.
_____ d. None of today's problems can be solved without scientific knowledge.
_____ e. This book is different because it combines the wisdom of the past with scientific knowledge.
4. Like other timeless symbols, flags have accompanied mankind for thousands of years, gaining
ever wider meaning, yet losing none of their inherent and original force.
_____ a. In spite of losing some of their original force, flags are a timeless symbol that has accompanied mankind for thousands of years.
_____ b. Flags have existed for thousands of years.
_____ c. Timeless symbols typically gain wider meaning while not losing their inherent force.
_____ d. Thousands of years ago flags accompanied mankind but through time they have lost their force.
_____ e. Because flags are considered a timeless symbol, they have gained continually wider meaning without losing their inherent original force.
5. When there is an absence of reliable information about drugs, the risks involved in using them are greatly increased.
____ a. There is no reliable information about drugs.
____ b. Using drugs is more dangerous when we don't know what effects and dangers are involved.
____ c. The risks involved in using drugs have increased.
____ d. People should try to find out about drugs before using them.
____ e. There are no risks involved in using drugs if we have reliable information about them.
6. The project of which this book is the result was first suggested in the summer of 1992, in the course of some leisurely conversations at the foot of and occasionally) on top of the Alps of western Austria.
____ a. This book was written in 1992.
____ b. This book was written in Austria.
____ c. This book is a collection of conversations held in 1992.
____ d. This book is the end result of a project.
____ e. This book is about western Austria.
7. Los Angeles' safety record with school buses is generally a good one, but of course this record is only as good as the school bus drivers themselves.
____ a. In spite of a generally good safety record for their school buses, Los Angeles school bus drivers are not very good.
____ b. If school bus drivers are not very good, the town?s school bus safety record will not be very good either.
____ c. If cities wish to maintain good safety records with school buses, they should hire good school bus drivers.
____ d. With better school buses, drivers will be able to maintain better safety records.
____ e. Los Angeles' safety record with school buses has improved because better bus drivers have been hired.
8. Taxes being so high, the descendents of the wealthy class of the nineteenth century are being forced to rent out their estates to paying guests.
____ a. In the nineteenth century, the wealthy class rented out its estates.
____ b. Because of high taxes, families that were rich one hundred years ago now rent out their estates.
____ c. Guests pay high taxes when they rent old estates.
____ d. Some families that were once wealthy are having trouble paying their taxes.
____ e. High taxes have changed the lives of some of the old wealthy families.
9. According to the definition of Chinese traditional medicine, acupuncture is the treatment of disease--not just the alleviation of pain--by inserting very fine needles into the body at specific points called loci.
____ a. The author believes some people do not know that acupuncture can be used to treat illness.
____ b. Finely pointed needles Called loci are used in acupuncture.
____ c. In Chinese traditional medicine, acupuncture is known to treat disease and alleviate pain.
____ d. Those using acupuncture treat disease by placing needles into the body at specific points.
____ e. Only those who practice traditional Chinese medicine use acupuncture.
10. It would be difficult to overpraise this book.
_____ a. This is a difficult book.
_____ b. This book deserves much praise.
_____ c. It is difficult not to overpraise this book.
_____ d. It is difficult to praise this book.
_____ e. The author of this sentence thinks this is an excellent book.
Passage Reading:
Passage 1
In 1960-1961, Chad (乍得) harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants …back? to work, as they had slacked off (松懈) a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.
The average date of sowing is about July lst. If his date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton is gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet (小米) first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one?s pockets are f ull of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.
Peasants should also be encouraged to save money to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments (分期付款). The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.
Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized …by the people?, should at least be …for the people?.
1. In 1960~1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because _____
A. the government greatly encouraged peasants
B. rains favored the growth of cotton
C. Chad gained independence in the previous year
D. both A and B
2. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing is usually _____
A. on June 15th
B. on July 15th
C. on July 1st
D. on July 20th
3. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph, “daily bread” refers to _____
A. breakfast
B. bread and butter
C. rice
D. millet
4. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to _____
A. sell cotton in advance
B. be encouraged to save money
C. sow cotton in time
D. plant millet first
5. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.
B. Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.
C. Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.
D. Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants.
Passage 2
If the technological revolution continues to have its effects, there will be fewer and fewer jobs available, particularly to school-leavers and those over the age of fifty. If there are only half the number of jobs in the future, men and women will have to share them. Two people will therefore work only twenty hours each instead of the forty they are currently accustomed to. It is a well-known fact that those who suffer from stress at work are often not high-powered executives but unskilled workers doing boring, repetitive jobs, especially those on production lines. Unemployment often has a similar effect on its victims. If we wish to prevent this type of stress and the depression that frequently follows long periods of it, we will have to find ways of educating people to cope with this sudden increase in leisure time.
Many have already turned to pills and tablets to combat sleeplessness and anxiety, two of the symptoms of long-term stress and depression. In America, we spend $ 650 million a year on different kinds of medicines. We swallow a staggering three million sleeping tablets every night. Although these “drugs of the mind” can be extremely useful in cases of crisis, the majority of patients would be better off without them.
The boredom and frustration of unemployment are not the only causes of stress: poor housing, family problems, overcrowding and financial worry are all significant factors. Nevertheless, doctors believe that if people learnt to breathe properly, took more exercise, used their leisure time more actively and expressed their anger instead bottling it up, they would not depend so much on drugs, which treat only the symptoms and not the cause of the stress. If doctors refused prescriptions more often and discouraged patients with minor ailments from visiting the clinic, the country would have more money to spend on improving leisure facilities and adult education, which are at present inadequate in many parts of the country. Moreover, doctors would have more time to spend on those patients in real need of their help. Questions:
1. Which of tile following statements is not true?
A. The technological revolution will provide adequate employment opportunities for school leavers if it continues to have its effects.
B. Those who undergo the pressure at work are usually the unskilled workers and labor workers with dull and repetitive jobs.
C. We must discover some methods to instruct people how to deal with their spare time in order to release the stress of unemployment.
D. The dullness and upset of unemployment are only part of the causes of people's pressure and frustration.
2. How many hours do people work a week at present according to the passage?
A. 10 hours.
B. 20 hours.
C. 30 hours.
D. 40 hours.
3. What will happen to a person if he suffers from long-term stress and depression?
A. He will lose his present job.
B. He will become bored with his life.
C. He will become sleepless and anxious.
D. He will commit suicide.
4. Which of the following is not mentioned by the author as one of many causes of stress the passage?
A. The boredom and frustration brought by unemployment.
B. The poorness of living space and housing shortage.
C. The stress and depression produced by sleeplessness.
D. The worry about financial and economic situation.
5. If people want to reduce stress and depression, what attitude should they take according to some doctors?
A. They should take kind of positive attitude.
B. They should take the attitude of wait-and-see.
C. They should take the negative attitude.
D. They should follow their fate.
Passage 3
The air is polluted. The earth is poisoned. Water is unsafe to drink and rubbish is burying the civilization that produced it.
Our environment is being contaminated faster than nature and man's present efforts can prevent it. Time is bringing us more people, and more people will bring us more industry. More people and more industry will bring us more motor vehicles, larger cities, and the growing use of man-made materials. This is happening not only in advanced societies but among the developing nations as they become industrialized. Pollution is, in a sense, exported.
Now many scientists are expressing fears about the possibility of world pollution. Some experts declare that the balance of nature is being so upset that the very survival of humanity is in danger.
What can explain and solve this growing problem? The fact is that pollution is caused by man--by his greed and his modern way of life. We make “increasing industrialization” our chief aim. For its sake we are willing to sacrifice everything: clean air, pure water, good food, our health and the future of our children. There is a constant flow of people from the countryside into the cities, eager for the benefits of modern society. But as our technological achievements have grown in the last twenty years, so in that time has pollution become a serious problem. The connection is clear.
Isn't it time we stopped to ask ourselves where we are going--and why? It reminds one of the story about the airline pilot who told his passengers over the loudspeaker, “I've some good news and some bad news. The good news is that we're making rapid progress at 530 miles per hour. The bad news is that we're lost and don't know where we're going.” The sad fact is that this becomes a true story when applied to our modern society.
Questions:
1. What does the word “contaminated”in the first sentence of the second paragraph mean according to the passage?
A. Polluted.
B. Consumed.
C. Examined.
D. Contained.
2. Which of the following sentences is not true according to the author?
A. The author wants to tell us that pollution is a serious problem caused by man.
B. We can stop this trend of pollution merely by our own efforts.
C. Many scientists show their worry about the world pollution.
D. The pollution of the earth will threaten the human being's survival.
3. Who caused this problem according to the passage?
A. The motor cycles.
B. The growing industries.
C. The human beings.
D. The larger cities.
4. Why do people constantly move from the countryside into the cities?
A. Because the earth in the countryside was polluted.
B. Because there are more jobs provided in the cities.
C. Because it is easier to make a living in the cities.
D. Because they are eager to get the benefits of modern cities.
5. What is the author's purpose by concluding his article with a story?
A. To show that though we have made great progress in development we lost our direction in the modern society.
B. To illustrate that we are now in the process of flying a plane with a confused pilot driving it.
C. To prove that neither flying a lost plane nor directing the way of a plane is an easy job.
D. To make sure that everybody is the cause of our world pollution through everybody's making rapid progress.
Passage 1 There are some very good things about open education. This way of teaching allows the students to grow as people develop their own interests in many subjects. Open education allows students to be responsible for their own education, as they are responsible for what they do in life. Some students do badly in a traditional classroom. The open classroom may allow them to enjoy learning. Some students will be happier in an open education school. They will not have to worry about grades or rules. For students who worry about these things a lot, it is a good idea to be in an open classroom. But many students will not do well in an open classroom. For some students, there are too few rules. These students will do little in school. They will not make good use of open education. Because open education is so different from traditional education, these students may have a problem getting used to making so many choices. For many students it is important to have some rules in the classroom. They worry about the rules even when there are no rules. Even a few rules will help this kind of student. The last point about open education is that some traditional teachers do not like it. Many teachers do not believe in open education. Teachers who want to have an open classroom may have many problems at their schools. You now know what open education is. Some of its good points and bad points have been explained. You may have your own opinion about open education. The writer thinks that open education is a good idea, but only in theory. In actual fact, it may not work very well in a real class or school. The writer believes that most students, but of course not all students, want some structure in their classes. They want to have rules. In some cases, they must be made to study some subjects. Many students are pleased to find subjects they have to study interesting. They would not study those subjects if they did not have to. 1.Open education allows the students to ____. A.grow as the educated B.be responsible for their future C.develop their own interests D.discover subjects outside class 2. Open education may be a good idea for the students who ____. A.enjoy learning B.worry about grades C.do well in a traditional classroom D.are responsible for what they do in life 3. Some students will do little in an open classroom because ____. A.there are too few rules B.they hate activities C.open education is similar to the traditional education D.they worry about the rules 4. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?____ A.Some traditional teachers do not like it.
初一英语阅读训练 阅读理解 1 I am Tony Smith. I am twelve. I am in No.101 Middle School. I in Class 2, Grade 7. My good friend is Jim Green. He is an English boy. He is twelve, too. He is in my class. He can speak Chinese well. Jane is in Class 2, too. I think she is a good girl. My Chinese teacher is Mr. Wang. His students like him. He is very cool. 根据短文填空，每空一词。 1.Tony ______ is _______ years old. His first name is ________ .His ________ name is Smith. 2.Tony and Jim are ____ the same _______. Jane is _____ Class Two, too. 3.Tony and Jim _____ good ________. 4.Jim ’ s ______ is very good. 5.Mr. Wang is their ________ teacher. He is ________. His students him very much. 阅读理解 2 Linda ： Hello, Paul, is this your pencil? Paul ： Yes, it is. Thank you. Linda ： Is this your book? Paul ： No, it isn’ t. Maybe（也许）it’ s Mary’ s. Linda ： Mary, is this your book? Mary ： No, it isn’ t. My book is here. AskBill. Maybe it’ s his. Linda ： Bill, is this your book? Bill ：Yes, it is. Linda ： Here you are. Bill ：Thank you very much. But where is my bag? 根据对话判断正（ T）误（ F）。 () 1.This is Linda’ s pencil. () 2. Bill is a student. () 3.The book is Bill’ s.第 1页共 9 页 ()4. Mary can ’ t find（找到） her book. (’)5. Paul knows （认识） Linda and Mary. m 阅读理解 3 Look at these things. This is Mr. Wang’ s ID card. AndisJimthis ’ s watch, that ’ s Mary ’ s key. Gina’ s notebook is over there. Look! What that on the floor? Oh, it a gold’rings. It’ s Jenny ’ s ring. It’ s very n 根据短文选择最佳答案。 1.This is Mr. Wang’ s _____. A. notebook B. key C. ID card D. watch 2._____ notebook is over there. A. Jim ’ s B. Gina ’ s C. Jenny ’ s D. Mary ’s 3.Is this Jim’ s watch? ____ A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’Ct. Yes, he is. D. No, he isn’ t. 4.Is Jenny ’ s ring very nice? ______ A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isn’ t. C. Yes, it is. D. No, it isn’ t. 5.Mr. Wang ’ s name is on his______. A. ring B. watch C. key D. ID card 阅读理解 4 This is my friend John Wilson and his family. This is his grandfather. His name is Fritz. This is his grandmother. Her name is Evenly. This is his mother. Her name is Anna. This is his father. His name is Earl. These are his sisters, Christie and Carina. 根据短文，判断正（ T）误 (F) 。 () 1.Fritz is John’ s grandfather. () 2.Anna is his grandmother. () 3.John has two sisters. () 4.Earl is his father. () 5.Christie is Anna’ s daughter.
小学英语阅读理解试题 学校_________________ 一．短文填空：（根据短文的意思，在所给的词中选择合适的填在相应的空格中，使短文完整，每格一词。（10分） (apples , Winter , summer, rains , plant , ski , snowman , in , cold ,often , swim , cool , Sometimes ) I love summer. It’s very hot in _________ . I can _______ in the se a. Spring is beautiful. But it often ________ . It’s hard to _______ flowers in the rain. In fall, I can pick _______ . I can eat a lot. ________ comes. It’s very ________ . ___________ it snows. I can ________ and make a __________. 二．补全对话：根据上下文的意思选择适当的句子，将其编号填在下面对话的横线上。（10分） A．What’s the date today? B． Do you like winter? C． When is your birthday? D．What’s the weather like in fall? E．What’s the date ? F． Do you like fall? Mike: __________________________________? Chen:My birthday is in September . Mike: ___________________________________? Chen: It’s September 11th . Mike: __________________________________? Chen: Yes, my birthday is in fall . Mike: ____________________________________ ? Chen: It’s windy and cool . Mike: ___________________________________ ? Chen: Yes , I like fall. But my favourite season is summer 三．阅读理解:根据上下文意思选择正确的答案,并将其字母编号填在题前的括号里。（10分） Amy:When do you get up? Mike: I get up at 6:40. I get up early because I have breakfast at home. Amy: What about weekends? Mike:Oh, I get up at 9:00 .
Passage 1 My room This is my room. It’s small, but it’s nice. Near the window there is a desk. I often do my homework at it. You can see some books, some flowers, a ruler and a pen on the desk. On the wall near the desk there is a picture of Liu Xiang. I usually put my football under my bed. Of course there is a chair in front of the desk. I sit there and I cansee the trees and roads outside. 译文: 我的房间 这是我的房间。它很小，但是很漂亮。在窗户附近有一张桌子。我经常在上面做作业。在桌子上，你能看到一些书，一些花，一把尺子和一支钢笔。在桌子附近的墙上有一幅刘翔的图画。我经常把足球放在桌子下面。在桌子前面当然有一把椅子。我坐在那儿可以看到外面的树和公路。 ①near〔ni?〕prep.在……附近②of course 当然③road [ro?d] n.路，公路④in front of在……前面⑤outside [a?t?sa?d] adv.在外面 一、根据阅读材料，判断正误，用“T”或“F”表示。 ( ) 1. My room is big and nice. ( ) 2. You can see some books, some flowers, a ruler and a pen on the desk. ( ) 3. There is a picture of Yao Ming on the wall. ( ) 4. There is a football on the bed. ( ) 5. I can see some trees and roads outside. 二、根据阅读材料，选择最佳答案。 ( ) 1. I can on the desk. A. see the trees B. do my homework C. put my football ( ) 2. There is near the window. A. a desk B. a chair C. a pen ( ) 3. There is a picture of on the wall. A. Yao Ming B. Li Na C. Liu Xiang ( ) 4. I usually put the football .
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！ 洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：https://www.doczj.com/doc/4e6423983.html,/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Passage 14 Attention to detail is something everyone can and should do-especially in a tight job market. Bob Crossley, a human-resources expert notices this in the job applications that come cross his desk every day. “It’s amazing how many candidates eliminate themselves,”he says. “Resumes arrive with stains. Some candidates don’t bother to spell the company’s name correctly. Once I see a mistake, I eliminate the candidate, ”Crossley concludes. If they cannot take of these details. “Why should we trust them with a job?” Can we pay too much attention to detail? Perfectionists struggle over little things at the cost of something larger they work toward. “To keep from losing the forest for the trees,”says Charles Garfield, associate professor at the University of California, San Francisco, “we must constantly ask ourselves how the details we’re working on fit into the larger picture they don’t, we should drop them and move to something else.” Garfield compares this process to his work as a computer scientist at NASA. “The Apollo II moon launch was slightly off-course 90 percent of the time,”says Garfield. “But a successful landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to landing was still likely because we knew the exact coordinates of our goal. This allowed us to make adjustments as necessary.”Knowing where we want to go helps us judge the importance of every task we undertake. Too often we believe what accounts for other’s success is some special secret or a lucky break. But rarely is success so mysterious. Again and again, we see that by doing little things within our grasp well, large rewards follow. 66. According to the passage, some job applicants were rejected________ A) because of their carelessness as shown in their failure to present a clean copy of a resume B) because of their inadequate education as shown in their poor spelling in writing a resume C) because they failed to give a detailed description of their background in their applications D) because they eliminated their names from the applicants list themselves 67. The word “perfectionists”(Line 1, Para 3)refers to those who________ A) demand others to get everything absolutely right B) know how to adjust their goals according to the circumstances C) pay too much attention to details only to lose their major objectives D) are capable of achieving perfect results in whatever they do 68. Which of the following is the author’s advice to the reader? A) Although too much attention to details may be costly, they should not be overlooked B) Don’t forget details when drawing pictures
八年级上册语篇阅读综合训练 一、完形填空：阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容从短文后各题所给的选项中选择能填入相应空白处的最佳选项。 Yesterday was Father's Day. Many things happening between my father and me crowded my mind. But one thing made a deep impression on me. It was a Sunday morning, and I was in a 1 mood(情绪).Two of my friends had gone to the movies the night before and hadn't invited me. I was in my room 2 ways to make them sorry when my father came in. “Want to go for a rid today, Beck? It's a beautiful day.” “No! Leave me alone!” Those were 3 words I said to him that morning. My friends called and 4 me to go to the mall with them a few hours later. I forgot to be 5 with them and then went with them. When I came home, I found a 6 on the table. My mother put it where I would be sure to see it. “Dad has had an 7 .Please meet us at Highland Park Hosp ital.” When I reached the hospital, my mother came out and told me a car hit my father and his injuries were extensive(大面积的). “Your father told the driver to leave8 alone and just call 911, thank God! If he had moved Daddy, ...” My mother may have said but I didn't hear. I didn't hear anything 9 those terrible words: Leave me alone. My dad said them in order to 10 himself. He didn't want to be hurt more. How much had I hurt him 11 I shouted out those words at him earlier in the day? It was several days later that he was 12 able to have a talk. I held his hand gently，afraid of hurting him. "Daddy...I am so sorry...” “It's okay，sweetheart. I'll be okay.” “No，”I said，"I mean about 13 I said to you that day. You know, that morning?" He looked at me and said, “Sweetheart, I remember14 about that day, not before, during or after the accident. I remember telling you goodnight the night before, though.” He managed a weak smile. My English teacher once told me that words have great power. They can hurt or they can heal(治愈). And we all have the power to 15 our words. I am going to do that very carefully from now on. 1. A. good B. terrible C. peaceful 2.A thinking up B. giving up C. looking up
英语阅读理解题训练附加答案 Several months after I was badly hurt in a car accident, my father sent me to a blind school. That morning was the new beginning. I went to this school and I heard lots of children. My new teacher took me to the class where we were taught to write and type in Braille(盲文) . I found it quite difficult. "Hi, sweetheart, how is school going?" asked my father. "Daddy, I can't do this. I try and try but I just don't get it. I don't know if I am ever going to learn to read Braille. It/s too difficult," I cried. Daddy just held me in his arm and said, "Do you remember that we went to the temple which is on the top of a mountain? When we were climbing the mountain, my legs started aching, I sat down and said, 'I can't see the temple. You can't see it because it is covered with fog. Although you can't see it, I know it is there. I will make sure you will climb up to it.'" "That day you showed me that just you can't see something does not mean it is not there. So although climbing the mountain was difficult, I knew I would get to the top." I was cleat what my dad wanted me to understand. I went back to school and started with new energy. Very soon I could red. One of my classmates said, "You are lucky, you know, you have at least seen the world. I have just heard it. I have been told there are many colors in this world but I don't understand what color means." After listening to her for the first time in two years, I felt lucky. And on that day I learnt that although the light in my eyes is gone, I must see the world with the light in my heart. 46. What can we know about the writer?
小学英语阅读练习和答案 1、My name is Jim. My favorite day is October l8th, because it's my birthday. I am very happy on that day. I eat eggs for breakfast. Then my friends come to my home and play with me. We sing and dance. Someone plays the piano and someone plays the guitar. Lunch is very nice. After lunch, my parents take me to see a movie. My favorite movies are comedies and action movies. After supper, my parents, my sister and I watch TV. Then I go to bed at ten thirty. I don't do my homework on that day. I am very tired but happy on my birthday. ( 1. Jim's birthday is . A. October 8 B. October 18 C. December 8th D. December 18th ( 2. Jim's favorite movies are . A. comedies B. action movies C. thrillers D. A and B ( 3. Jim goes to bed at . A. 10:30 B. 10:13
Passage 1 Exchange a glance with someone, then look away. Do you realize that you have made a statement? This type of stare often produces hostile feelings. 1. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that___. A) every glance has its significance 2. If you want to be left alone on an elevator, the best thing to do is___. B) to avoid eye contact with other passengers 3. By "a dimming of the lights" (Line 13,Para.1 )Erving Goffman means___. C) ceasing to glance at others 4. If one is looked at by a stranger for too long, he tends to feel___. B) uneasy 5. The passage mainly discusses___. D) the role of eye contact in interpersonal communication. Passage 2 Geraldo Rivera is well known for his compassionate investigative reports on WABC-TV Eyewitness News. But I’m not just in the business of making people cry. I’m in the business of chang e.” 6. Geraldo Rivera is working as a(n)______. B. investigative reporter for a special TV program 7. How many awards did Rivera receive for his work? D. Five 8. Rivera’s inves tigation and expose on the conditions at WillowbrookStateSchool led to _____. D. all of the above
阅读理解1 I am Tony Smith. I am twelve. I am in No.101 Middle School. I’m in Class 2, Grade 7. My good friend is Jim Green. He is an English boy. He is twelve, too. He is in my class. He can speak Chinese well. Jane is in Class 2, too. I think she is a good girl. My Chinese teacher is Mr. Wang. His students like him. He is very cool. 根据短文填空，每空一词。 1. Tony ______ is _______ years old. His first name is ________ .His ________ name is Smith. 2. Tony and Jim are ____ the same _______. Jane is _____ Class Two, too. 3. Tony and Jim _____ good ________. 4. Jim’s ________ is very good. 5. Mr. Wang is their ________ teacher. He is ________. His students him very much. 阅读理解2 Linda：Hello, Paul, is this your pencil? Paul：Yes, it is. Thank you. Linda：Is this your book? Paul：No, it isn’t. Maybe（也许）it’s Mary’s. Linda：Mary, is this your book? Mary：No, it isn’t. My book is here. Ask B ill. Maybe it’s his. Linda：Bill, is this your book? Bill：Yes, it is. Linda：Here you are. Bill：Thank you very much. But where is my bag? 根据对话判断正（T）误（F）。 ( ) 1. This is Linda’s pencil. ( ) 2. Bill is a student. ( ) 3. The book is Bill’s.( )4. Mary can’t find（找到）her book. ( )5. Paul knows（认识）Linda and Mary. 阅读理解3 Look at these things. This is Mr. Wang’s ID card. And this is Jim’s watch, that’s Mary’s key. Gina’s notebook is over there. Look! What’s that on the floor? Oh, it’s a gold ring. It’s Jenny’s ring. It’s very nice. 根据短文选择最佳答案。 1. This is Mr. Wang’s _____. A. notebook B. key C. ID card D. watch 2. _____ notebook is over there. A. Jim’s B. Gina’s C. Jenny’s D. Mary’s 3. Is this Jim’s watch? ________ A. Yes, it is. B. No, it isn’t. C. Yes, he is. D. No, he isn’t. 4. Is Jenny’s ring very nice? ________ A. Yes, she is. B. No, she isn’t. C. Yes, it is. D. No, it isn’t. 5. Mr. Wang’s name is on his _______. A. ring B. watch C. key D. ID card 阅读理解4 This is my friend John Wilson and his family. This is his grandfather. His name is Fritz. This is his grandmother. Her name is Evenly. This is his mother. Her name is Anna. This is his father. His name is Earl. These are his sisters, Christie and Carina. 根据短文，判断正（T）误(F) 。 ( ) 1.Fritz is John’s grandfather. ( ) 2.Anna is his grandmother. ( ) 3.John has two sisters. ( ) 4.Earl is his father. ( ) 5.Christie is Anna’s daughter.
英语阅读理解题及答案 Do you love holidays but hate the increase weight that follows? You are not alone. Holidays are happy days with pleasure and delicious foods. Many people, however, are worried about the weight that comes along with these delicious foods. With proper planning, though, it is possible to control your weight. The idea is to enjoy the holidays but not to eat too much. You don't have to turn away from the foods that you enjoy. The following suggestions may be of some help to you. Do not miss meals. Before yon leave home for a feast(宴会),have a small, low-fat snack(小吃). This may help to keep you from getting too excited before delicious foods. Begin with clear soup and fruit or vegetables. A large glass of water before you eat may help you feel full. Use a small plate; a large plate will encourage you to have more than enough. Better not have high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy have much fat in them. Choose lean meat(瘦肉 ).Fill your plate with salad and green vegetables. If you have a sweet tooth, try mints (薄荷) and fruits. They don’t have fat content as cream and chocolate. Don’t let exercise take a break during the holidays. A 20-minute walk after a meal can help burn off excess(过多的) calories.