2017年下半年CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题

2017年11月全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷备注：该参考译文来源于官方指定的新世界出版社出版发行的《英语笔译实务真题解析2级》，仅供参考。

Section 1: English-Chinese translation(英译汉)(50points)Passage 1Y ou’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research s hows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.Attachment theory proposes that our early life experiences with parents responsible for our well-being, are at the root of our connections to the adults with whom we form close relationships. Importantly, attachment in early life can extend to inanimate objects. Teddy bears, for example, serve as “transitional objects.” The teddy bear, unlike the parent, is always there. We extend our dependence on parents to these animals, and use them to help us move to an independent sense of self.A cell phone has the potential to be a “compensatory attachment” obje ct. Although phones are often castigated for their addictive potential, scientists cite evidence that supports the idea that “healthy, normal adults also report significant emotional attachment to special objects”Indeed, cell phones have become a pervasive feature of our lives: The number of cell phone subscriptions exceeds the total population of the planet. The average amount of mobile or smartphone use in the U.S. is 3.3 hours per day. Phones have distinct advantages. They can be kept by your side and they provide a social connection to the people you care about. Even if you’re not talking to your friends, lover, or family, you can keep their photos close by, read their messages, and follow them on social media. Y ou can track them in real time but also look back on memorable moments together. These channels help you “feel less alone”.Passage 2Many countries have adopted the principle of sustainable development it can combat environment deterioration in air quality, water quality and production in developing countries. Health education serves as a viable role for every member in the world. But some argue that it's a vague idea, some organizations may use it in its own interests, whether environmental or economic is the nature of interests. Others argue that sustainable development in developing countries overlook the local customs, habitude and people.Whereas interdependence is desirable during times of peace, war necessitates competition and independence. Tariffs and importation limits strengthen a country's economic vitality while potentially weakening the economies of its enemies. Moreover, protectionism in the weapons industry is highly desirable during such circumstances because reliance on another state for armaments can be fatal.For the most part, economists emphasize the negative effects of protectionism. It reduces international trade and raises prices for consumers. In addition, domestic firms that receive protection have less incentive to innovate. Although free trade puts uncompetitive firms out of business, the displaced workers and resources are ultimately allocated to other areas of the economy.Imposing quotas is a method used to protect trade, since foreign companies cannot ship more products regardless of how low they set their prices. Countries that hope to help a new industry thrive locally often impose quotas on imported goods. They believe that such restrictions allow entities in the new industry to develop their own competitive advantages and produce the products efficiently.Protectionism’s purpose is usually to create jobs for domestic workers. Companies that operate in industries protected by quotas hire workers locally. Another disadvantage of quotas is the reduction in the quality of products in the absence of competition from foreign companies. Without competition, local firms are less likely to invest in innovation and improve their products and services. Domestic sellers don’t have an incentive to enhance efficiency and lower their prices, and under such conditions, consumers eventually pay more for products and services they could receive from foreign competitors. As local companies lose competitiveness, they become pressured to outsource jobs. In the long-run, increasing protectionism commonly leads to layoffs and economic slowdown.Section 2: Chinese-English translation(汉译英)(50points)Passage 1。

catti二级考试题库及答案一、单选题（每题1分，共10分）1. 翻译中，以下哪个选项是正确的英译汉表达？A. "The weather is fine today." 翻译为“今天天气很好。

”B. "The weather is fine today." 翻译为“今天天气很坏。

”C. "The weather is fine today." 翻译为“今天天气一般。

”D. "The weather is fine today." 翻译为“今天天气很差。

”答案：A2. 在翻译中，如何处理专业术语？A. 直接使用原语言B. 用同义词替换C. 根据上下文进行解释D. 忽略不译答案：C3. 以下哪个选项是正确的汉译英表达？A. “他非常努力工作。

” 翻译为“He works very hard.”B. “他非常努力工作。

” 翻译为“He works very lazy.”C. “他非常努力工作。

” 翻译为“He works very slowly.”D. “他非常努力工作。

” 翻译为“He works very fast.”答案：A4. 翻译时，如何处理文化差异？A. 直接翻译，不作任何调整B. 完全按照原文，不考虑目标语言文化C. 适当调整，使译文符合目标语言文化习惯D. 忽略文化差异，只注重语言准确性答案：C5. 翻译中，如何处理长句？A. 直接翻译，保持原句结构B. 拆分成多个短句C. 合并成更短的句子D. 保持原句结构，但进行适当调整答案：D6. 在翻译中，以下哪个选项是错误的？A. 保持原文的语气和风格B. 确保译文的流畅性和准确性C. 忽略原文的修辞手法D. 尊重原文作者的意图答案：C7. 翻译中，如何处理习语和成语？A. 直接翻译，不作任何调整B. 用目标语言中的对应习语替换C. 根据上下文进行解释D. 忽略不译答案：B8. 翻译时，如何处理数字和单位？A. 直接翻译，保持原样B. 转换为目标语言的习惯表达C. 忽略不译D. 根据上下文进行适当调整答案：B9. 在翻译中，以下哪个选项是正确的？A. 翻译是一种语言的简单转换B. 翻译是一种语言和文化的转换C. 翻译是一种语言的复杂转换D. 翻译是一种语言的随意转换答案：B10. 翻译中，如何处理专有名词？A. 直接翻译，不作任何调整B. 用同义词替换C. 保持原样，不作翻译D. 根据上下文进行解释答案：C二、多选题（每题2分，共10分）1. 翻译中，以下哪些因素需要考虑？A. 语言准确性B. 文化差异C. 读者需求D. 作者意图答案：A, B, C, D2. 翻译时，以下哪些技巧是常用的？A. 直译B. 意译C. 增译D. 减译答案：A, B, C, D3. 翻译中，以下哪些是常见的错误？A. 语言不准确B. 文化误解C. 风格不一致D. 信息遗漏答案：A, B, C, D4. 在翻译中，以下哪些是重要的翻译原则？A. 忠实性B. 通顺性C. 美观性D. 准确性答案：A, B, D5. 翻译时，以下哪些是有效的策略？A. 了解背景知识B. 使用词典C. 参考类似文本D. 反复校对答案：A, B, C, D三、判断题（每题1分，共10分）1. 翻译是一种语言的简单转换。

最全2017年下半年CATTI二口真题、题源和答案Part 1 English to Chinese InterpretingPassage 1 匹兹堡经济转型对中国的借鉴意义2015年6月19日，中国国务院副总理刘延东会见美国匹兹堡市市长佩杜托，听取了佩杜托关于匹兹堡市发展转型有关做法和经验的介绍.2015年11月23日，美联储前主席伯南克在布鲁金斯研究院发表文章《Can China be like Chattanooga? Shifting from industry to services》。

链接：https：//www。

/blog/ben-bernanke/2015/11/23/can-china-be-like-chattanooga-shifting-from—industry—to —services/Financial markets and media reports have been focused lately on the slowing of China’s growth rate。

That slowing has diverse causes and consequences，but —as I’ll discuss in this post—in at least one important respect it is both a healthy and a predictable development，resulting from a necessary change in China’s growth model.金融市场和媒体最近关注中国经济增速放缓。

这种放缓可能有多种原因,但是，至少在一个方面中国经济更加健康,这是一个可预见的发展,而经济模式必然改变。

Since the beginning of China's growth miracle， a large part of the country's development has been directed from the center. This “top-down”approach has focused on heavy industry, infrastructure (highways, bridges，airports)，the movement of people from rural to urban areas, and the promotion of exports, particularly manufactures。

全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语二级《笔译实务》试卷Section1:English-Chinese Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage1There they come,trudging along,straight upright on stubby legs,shoulders swinging back and forth with each step,coming into focus on the screen just as I’m eating my first bite of popcorn.Then Morgan Freeman’s voice informs us that these beings are on a long and difficult journey in one of the most inhospitable places on earth,and that they are driven by their“quest for love.”I’ve long known the story of the emperor penguin,but to see the sheer beauty and wonder of it all come into focus in the March of the Penguins,the sleeper summer hit,still took my breath away.As the movie continues, everything about these animals seems on the surface utterly different from human existence;and yet at the same time the closer one looks the more everything also seems familiar.Stepping back and considering within the context of the vast diversity of millions of other organisms that have evolved on the tree of life—grass,trees, tapeworms,hornets,jelly-fish,tuna and elephants—these animals marching across the screen are practically kissing cousins to us.Love is a feeling or emotion—like hate,jealousy,hunger,thirst—necessary where rationality alone would not suffice to carry the day.Could rationality alone induce a penguin to trek70miles over the ice in order to mate and then balance an egg on his toes while fasting for four months in total darkness and enduring temperatures of minus-80degrees Fahrenheit?Even humans require an overpowering love to do the remarkable things that parents do for their children.The penguins’drive to persist in behavior bordering 笔译实务（英语·二级）试卷第1页（共4页）on the bizarre also suggests that they love to an inordinate degree.I suspect that the new breed of nature film will become increasingly mainstream because,as we learn more about ourselves from other animals and find out that we are more like them than was previously supposed,we are now allowed to“relate”to them,and therefore to empathize.If we gain more exposure to the real—and if the producers and studios invest half as much care and expense into portraying animals as they do into showing ourselves—I suspect the results will be as profitable,in economic as well as emotional and intellectual terms—as the March of the Penguins.Passage2After years of painstaking research and sophisticated surveys,Jaco Boshoff may be on the verge of a nearly unheard-of discovery:the wreck of a Dutch slave ship that broke apart239years ago on this forbidding,windswept coast after a violent revolt by the slaves.Boshoff,39,a marine archaeologist with the government-run Iziko Museums, will not find out until he starts digging on this deserted beach on Africa’s southernmost point,probably later this year.After three years of surveys with sensitive magnetometers,he knows,at least, where to look:at a cluster of magnetic abnormalities,three beneath the beach and one beneath the surf,near the mouth of the Heuningries River,where the450-ton slave ship,the Meermin,ran aground in1766.If he is right,it will be a find for the history books—especially if he recovers shackles,spears and iron guns that shed light on how147Malagasy slaves seized their captors’vessel,only to be recaptured.Although European countries shipped millions of slaves from Africa over four centuries,archaeologists estimate that fewer than10slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide.If he is wrong,Boshoff said in an interview,“I will have a lot of explaining to do.”笔译实务（英语·二级）试卷第2页（共4页）He will,however,have an excuse.Historical records indicate that at least30 ships have run aground in the treacherous waters off Struis Bay,the earliest of them in1673.Although Boshoff says he believes beyond doubt that the remains of a ship are buried on this beach—the jagged timbers of a wreck are sometimes uncovered during September’s spring tide—there is always the prospect that his surveys have found the wrong one.“Finding shipwrecks is just so difficult in the first place,”said Madeleine Burnside,the author of Spirits of the Passage,a book on the slave trade,and executive director of the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society in Key West, Florida.“Usually—not always—they are located by accident.”Other slave-ship finds have produced compelling evidence of both the brutality and the lucrative nature of the slave trade.Section2:Chinese-English Translation(50points)Translate the following two passages into English.Passage1改革开放27年来，中国发生了巨大变化。

20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文(2017-11-08 20:05:12)转载▼标签：英语翻译英语学习20XX年11月CATTI英语二级笔译真题及参考译文EC Passage 1You’ve temporarily misplaced your cell phone and anxiously retrace your steps to try to find it. Or perhaps you never let go of your phone—it's always in your hand, your pocket, or your bag, ready to be answered or consulted at a moment’s notice. When your battery life runs down at the end of the day, you feel that yours is running low as well. New research shows that there’s a psychological reason for such extreme phone dependence: According to the attachment theory, for some of us, our phone serves the same function as the teddy bear we clung to in childhood.你有过这种经历吗？手机一时放错了地方，忘了在哪，急急忙忙返回寻找；手机从不离身，总是握在手里，揣在兜里或者放在包里，时刻准备回复消息，查找内容。

一整天过去了，一旦发现手机没电，简直觉得自己也要没电了。

最新研究揭示了极端“手机依赖症”背后的心理动因：根据依恋理论，手机简直成了我们大多数人小时候恋恋不舍的泰迪熊。

2017年下半年全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语2级口译综合能力真题(总分100,考试时间60分钟)Part ⅠListen to the following short passages and then decide whether the corresponding statements are true or false. Blacken the letter “A ” on the ANSWER SHEET if you think the statement is true，or the letter “B ” if you think it is false. You will hear each passage only once. There are 10 questions in this part o f the test, 2 points for each question.1. The one-child policy helped reduce the Chinese population growth by 400 million.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误2. Nearly half of global investments have flowed into the energy industry, and a substantial part of them goes to China as its demand increases.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误3. Alibaba is moving its base to Beijing because the capital is crucial to **petition.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误4. The Momotombo volcano, 30 miles from Nicaragua’s capital，was inactive during the past century.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误5. In New York, Pope Francis met President Barack Obama and delivered a speech to the Congress and Supreme Court justices.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误6. The Paris Global Climate Summit copied the Copenhagen model where the world leaders had closed-door negotiations for deal details.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误7. Seraj, the 2015 Gusi Peace Prize winner, is from Bangladesh, and he is awarded for his dedication to TV programs on farming.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误8. Mark Zuckerberg donated US$45 billion, 99 percent of his Facebook earnings, to aphilanthropic project.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误9. Successful candidates for the Tesla autopilot software engineer position do not need to have prior experience with cars.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误10. The British pop singer Adele has broken up with her son Angelo's father and rekindled her relationship with her ex-boyfiriend.【点此下载音频文件】A. 正确B. 错误Part ⅡListen to the following short passages and then choose one of the answers that best fits the meaning of each passage by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. Each passage will be read only once. There are 10 passages in this part of the test, each with 1 question, which carries 2 points.11. What does the passage tell about the African Village in the areas of Victoria Falls?【点此下载音频文件】A. It will be located in Zambia.B. It will be able to accommodate over 120,000 foreign visitors.C. It will be a theme park.D. It will feature African customs and history.12. Which of the following is irrelevant to the U.S. bill on the Iran hostage crisis?【点此下载音频文件】A. Fifty-three hostages were held for more than 14 months.B. Each of the hostage victims will get US$10,000 for each day they were held.C. **pensation money **e from a penalty paid by the French bank BNP Paribas.D. Some of the hostages died.13. What is told about the AFR100 scheme?【点此下载音频文件】A. It includes 100 African countries.B. It will covers 100 hectares of degraded and deforested land after 2030.C. It attracts investments from the private sector.D. It aims to reduce global emissions by 36 percent.14. Which city has the highest property investment value?【点此下载音频文件】A. Chicago.B. Zurich.C. Boston.D. London.15. What is the main point of this passage?【点此下载音频文件】A. Scientific experiments have shown that cellphone use will not harm peopled health.B. Texting while driving should be strictly banned as it causes health risks.C. Scientists' opinions are split on whether cellphone signals will cause health hazards.D. There is a debate about what is suggested to prevent cellphone risks.16. What happened to Airbus in 2015?【点此下载音频文件】A. It invalidated a contract of A380 jets with Skymark Airlines.B. It sold six A380 superjumbo jets to Japan's biggest carrier.C. It cancelled a discount deal worth US$1.25 billion with Japan.D. It sold three A380 superjumbo jets to Japan at about US$2 billion.17. Which of the following two cities said “No” to host the Olympics?【点此下载音频文件】A. Hamburg and Rome.B. Paris and Budapest.C. Rome and Los Angeles.D. Hamburg and Munich.18. What did Tu Youyou do?【点此下载音频文件】A. She shared the prize with three other scientists.B. She won a prize of 4 million Swedish kronor.C. She discovered chloroquine, an anti-malarial drug.D. She discovered the malaria parasite resistance.19. Who are NOT affected by Russian retaliation against Turkey's shooting of a Russian warplane?【点此下载音频文件】A. Russian nationals who plan to travel to Turkey.B. Turkish entrepreneurs working in Russia.C. Russian food exporters to Turkey.D. Turkish visitors who plan to enter Russia.20. What is told about the movie The Martian?【点此下载音频文件】A. It was on top of the box office for 14 days.B. It earned US$108 million worldwide.C. It earned 50 percent more than the production budget.D. It stars Mark Watney，an astronaut who was thought to die on Mars.Part ⅢListen to the following four longer passages and then choose the best answer to each of the questions by blackening the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET. You may need to scribble a few notes to answer the questions. There are 20 questions in this part of the test, each carrying 2 points. You will hear each passage only once. At the end of the recording of each passage, you will have 2 minutes to answer the questions.Passage One【点此下载音频文件】21. What does the passage tell about HIV-1?A. It is in the gene of apes in central Africa.B. It was a virus found first in apes in central Africa.C. It could not spread far and wide in humans.D. It has infected 90 percent of humans in central Africa.22. How did Oxford University researchers trace HIV-1 Group M development?A. By selecting infected people from different locations.B. By counting HIV genomes in infected people.C. By mutating HIV genomes.D. By comparing genome sequences.23. When was the first HTV-1 Group M transmitted to humans?A. One million years ago.B. More than 100 years ago.C. About 100 years ago.D. Eight hundred years ago.24. What was Kinshasa like in the third decade of the 20th century?A. It became a French colony.B. It was filled with black slaves.C. It was Africa’s railway network hub.D. It covered an area of 1,500 square kilometers.25. Why were young Haitians attracted to Congo in the 1960s?A. Because it became an independent country.B. Because it offered more jobs to French speakers.C. Because it was close to Haiti geographically.D. Because it had sexual liberation.Passage Two【点此下载音频文件】26. How many Volkswagen diesel vehicles were problematic in the U.S. market?A. 482,000.B. Five million.C. 189.D. Eleven million.27. What does the passage tell about the TDI switch?A. It was installed in all V olkswagen engines.B. It was used to reduce the diesel engine emission.C. It was equipped with self-detecting software.D. It was abandoned by V olkswagen in 2009.28. What did Peter Mock intend, to do when he first contacted John German to do the diesel testing in the U.S.?A. He wanted to prove the U.S. EPA standard was stricter.B. He wanted to prove the EU standard was stricter.C. He wanted to use the test result to affect the EU testing standard.D. He wanted to use the test result to influence the U.S. government.29. What was the result of the West Virginia University lab emission test?A. The three diesel models barely passed the test.B. The three diesel models passed the emission test with great performance.C. Only the BMW model passed the emission test.D. Only the two Volkswagen models passed the emission test.30. Which of the following brands of the German carmaker has seen the biggest sales decline because of the V olkswagen scandal?A. Volkswagen.B. Seat.C. Skoda.D. Fiat.Passage Three【点此下载音频文件】31. How much money did Alibaba invest in Magic Leap in round c of funding?A. US$827 million.B. US$200 million.C. US$1,400 million.D. US$542 million.32. What is an advantage of augmented reality technology?A. It creates special stereoscopic displays or screens.B. It uses pixels to cover the real world, so it is not transparent.C. It makes simulations in a fixed setting in games.D. It has real/virtual world graphics overlaying each other.33. Where does Magic Leap technology send virtual object signals to?A. Office setting.B. Screen.C. Retina of the eye.D. All of the above.34. What is the disadvantage of Microsoft HoloLens?A. Less impressive 3D effects in the real world.B. Narrow field of view for the eyes.C. View of ghosts in front of the face.D. Full immersion called cinematic reality.35. What is one of Rony Abovitz's responsibilities for Magic Leap?A. Sales operation.B. Business development.C. Technology strategy.D. Surgical robotics.Passage Four【点此下载音频文件】36. What happened on Wednesday evening?A. The FAA began investigating reports of laser beam attacks.B. Twenty aircrafts were attacked by laser beams.C. A number of helicopters were attacked by laser beams.D. An NBC aircraft and a Chopper 4 were targeted.37. What is NOT mentioned as an important way of mitigating the effects of laser illumination?A. To make sure that flight routes are strictly guarded.B. To remain vigilant against laser threats.C. To follow the defensive procedures.D. To keep up with the protective technologies.38. How does a laser beam affect the safe operation of an airplane?A. The concentration of the bright light on the deck can cause fire.B. The concentrated light causes the pilot's disorientation.C. The glare interferes with the flight deck instrument.D. The power of the beam affects the altitude of the airplane.39. Which of the following is true?A. The power level of a laser depends on the duration of the exposure.B. The effects of laser on the eyesight are related to the properties of the laser.C. The human eye can see in the dark because it can absorb light sources around.D. The human eye can adapt to a strong light source for only a few minutes.40. What civil penalties can be imposed on those caught pointing lasers at aircrafts?A. Up to three years in jail and a fine of US$11,000.B. More than five years in jail and a fine of US$11,000.C. Between three and five years in jail and a fine of US$11,000.D. No more than five years in jail and a fine of US$11,000.Part ⅣListen to the following passage. Write in English a short summary of 150-200 words of what you have heard on the ANSWER SHEET. You will hear the passage only once and then you will have 25 minutes to finish your summary. This part of the test carries 20 points. You may need to scribble a few notes to write your summary.41.【点此下载音频文件】。

综合科目官方不公布试题及答案。

因试题均为选择题，无法全部回忆并整理。

回忆及手工录入过程不免有误，仅供参考。

2017.05 CATTI英语三级笔译综合试题回忆综合科目试题均为选择题，共110道，需2B 铅笔涂卡，无客观题。

01-20 单选，主要为词义辨析21-40 单选，主要为同义词替换41-60 单选，主要为语法改错考友建议：掌握基本词根词缀、构词法，以备完全不认识单词时猜测词义。

61-90 三篇阅读，每篇10题。

第一篇：海伦凯勒故事第二篇：用药历史第三篇：Coeducation考友建议：出题顺序与文章顺序基本一致，先看题再读原文按顺序查找关键词即可。

91-110 完形填空20空，单选（有选项）。

文章来源：London designers hail "elegant" Kate Middleton/Ra1OLJR考察词汇：订婚engage 介词搭配等三级笔译考察词汇：Terrace, undergo, disorientation, absurd, abuse, forge, enhance, flammable, combustible, illuminate, baffled, inquired, comprising, unification, meticulously, hastily, explicitly, eccentric, lenient, complement, arrogant, inventory, recall, faulty, acclaimed, insincere, hypothetical, hypercritical, hypocritical, hysterical, discrete, dismal, pull off, fulfill, offsetting, tacking, veneer, deviation, restriction, contemplation, drastically, radically, chronicle, inextricably, holistic, pathogens, segregated, unkempt, greasy, divine, notion, gargle, inhalation, superstition, sophisticate, opt, chronicled, assess, inventory, offensive, out of the ordinary, haughty综合各部分题型| 待时间充分再整理注释感谢：@observe @FairyDee @Aaabsent 等网友考后反馈投稿。

2017.05 CATTI英语二级笔译实务试题（整理版）2017-05-21CATTI考试资料与资讯今年实务试题特点：1. 两篇英译汉不再偏重文学，难度有下降。

2. 汉译英之一为公司介绍，含部分稍专业表述。

3. 汉译英之二延续时政资料风格，难度有增加。

4. 英译汉分段少（为便于阅读整理时稍作分段）。

EC Passage 1来源：联合国2030年可持续发展目标This Agenda is a plan of action for people, planet and prosperity. It also seeks to strengthen universal peace in larger freedom. We recognize that eradicating poverty in all its forms and dimensions, including extreme poverty, is the greatest global challenge and an indispensable requirement for sustainable development.We are resolved to free the human race from the alleviation of poverty and heal and protect our planet.We are determined to take the bold and transformative steps which are urgently needed to shift the world onto a sustainable and resilient path. The 17 Sustainable Development Goals and 169 targets which we are announcing today demonstrate the scale and ambition of this new universal Agenda. They seek to build on the Millennium Development Goals and complete what these did not achieve. They seek to realize the human rights of all and to achieve gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls. They are integrated and indivisible and balance the three dimensions of sustainable development: the economic, social and environmental.We are meeting at a time of immense challenges to sustainable development. Billions of our citizens continue to live in poverty and are denied a life of dignity.There are rising inequalities within and among countries. Gender inequality remains a key challenge. Unemployment, particularly youth unemployment, is a major concern. Global health threats, more frequent and intense natural disasters, spiraling conflict, violent extremism, terrorism and related humanitarian crises and forced displacement of people threaten to reverse much of the development progress made in recent decades.Natural resource depletion and adverse impacts of environmental degradation, includingdesertification, drought, land degradation, freshwater scarcity and loss of biodiversity, add to and exacerbate the list of challenges which humanity faces.Climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time and its adverse impacts undermine the ability of all countries to achieve sustainable development.The Millennium Development Goals were agreed 15 years ago provided an important framework for development and significant progress has been made in a number of areas. But the progress has been uneven, particularly in Africa, least developed countries, landlocked developing countries, and small island developing States, and some of the Millennium Development Goals remain off-track, in particular those related to maternal, newborn and child health and to reproductive health.We recommit ourselves to the full realization of all the Millennium Development Goals, including the off-track Millennium Development Goals, in particular by providing focused and scaled-up assistance to least developed countries and other countries in special situations, in line with relevant support programs. The new Agenda builds on the Millennium Development Goals and seeks to complete what these did not achieve, particularly in reaching the most vulnerable countries.EC Passage 2来源：经济学人Entrepreneurs in Silicon Valley, only half-jokingly, call it the URL strategy. The three letters usually stand for Uniform Resource Locator—the unique address of any file that is accessible via the internet. But in the world of internet start-ups, URL has another meaning: Ubiquity first, Revenue Later. This pretty much describes the strategy of most big online social networks, which over the past few years have concentrated on piling on users rather than worrying about profits.That has allowed them to build huge followings, but it has also raised a big question-mark over their ability to make money from the audiences they have put together.And the issue is whether the social-networking industry can come up with a wildly successful form of advertising in the same way that Google has been able to make billions of dollars from the targeted ads that run alongside the search results it serves up. Without such a formula, runs the argument, social networks such as Facebook will never amount to much. Doubters claim that the networks face two big handicaps. The first is that people logged into social-networking sites are there to hang out with their friends, so they will pay no attention to ads. The second is that because the sites let users generate their own content, they will find it hard to attract advertisers because brandswill not want to take the risk of appearing alongside examples of profanity, obscenity or nudity—or all three at once.But the broader outlook for networking sites is more encouraging. One reason is that advertisers are being drawn to the leading sites by their sheer scale. Facebook's audience is bigger than any TV network that has ever existed on the face of the earth. Another thing that has attracted companies is the networks' ability to target ads with laser-like precision, thanks to the data they hold on their users' ages, gender, interests and so forth. Although there are still lingering concerns about brands appearing next to racy content, firms seem more willing to run this risk now that the networks' advertising proposition has become more compelling.In addition to advertising-driven business model, networks are already making healthy profits from sales of games and virtual goods. The beauty of this business for social networks is that the cost of producing and storing virtual inventory is minimal. Moreover, because these are closed markets, networks can fix prices at levels that generate fat margins. To some, the notion that big money can be made from selling make-believe items may seem bizarre. But the practice replicates the physical presents that people give to one another to cement relationships in the real world.CE Passage 1来源：中国五矿集团简介本公司是全球最大最强的冶金建设运营服务商，拥有24万在职员工，资产规模超7000亿元，境外机构、资源项目与承建工程遍布全球60多个国家和地区。

英语二级笔译实务试卷样题及参考答案Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following two passages into Chinese.Passage 1There they come, trudging along, straight upright on stubby legs, shoulders swinging back and forth with each step，coming into focus on the screen just as I'm eating my first bite of popcorn.Then Morgan Freeman's voice informs us that these beings are on a long and difficult journey in one of the most inhospitable places on earth, and that they are driven by their "quest for lov e. ”I've long known the story of the emperor penguin, but to see the sheer beauty and wonder of it all come into focus in the March of the Penguins, the sleeper summer hit, still took my breath away. As the movie continues, everything about these animals seems on the surface utterly different from human existence ；and yet at the same time the closer one looks the more everything also seemsfamiliar.Stepping back and considering within the context of the vast diversity of millions of other organisms that have evolved on the tree of life 一grass, trees, tapeworms, hornets, jelly-fish, tuna and elephants 一these animals marching across the screen are practically kissing cousins to us. Love is a feeling or emotion 一like hate, jealousy, hunger, thirst 一necessary where rationality alone would not suffice to carry the day.Could rationality alone induce a penguin to trek 70 miles over the ice in order to mate and then balance an egg on his toes while fasting for four months in total darkness and enduring temperatures of minus-80 degrees Fahrenheit?Even humans require an overpowering love to do the remarkable things that parents do for their children. The penguins' drive to persist in behavior bordering on the bizarre also suggests that they love to an inordinate degree.I suspect that the new breed of nature film will become increasingly mainstream because, as we learn more about ourselves from other animals and find out that we are more like them than was previously supposed, we are now allowed to "relate" to them, and therefore to empathize.If we gain more exposure to the real 一and if the producers and studios invest half as much careand expense into portraying animals as they do into showing ourselves — I suspect the results will be as profitable, in economic as well as emotional and intellectual terms — as the March of the Penguins.Passage 2After years of painstaking research and sophisticated surveys, Jaco Boshoff may be on the verge of a nearly unheard-of discovery: the wreck of a Dutch slave ship that broke apart 239 years ago on this forbidding, windswept coast after a violent revolt by the slaves.Boshoff, 39, a marine archaeologist with the government-run Iziko Museums, will not find out until he starts digging on this deserted beach on Africa's southernmost point, probably later this year.After three years of surveys with sensitive magnetometers, he knows, at least, where to look: at a cluster of magnetic abnormalities, three beneath the beach and one beneath the surf, near the mouth of the Heuningries River, where the 450-ton slave ship, the Meermin, ran aground in 1766.If he is right, it will be a find for the history books 一especially if he recovers shackles, spears and iron guns that shed light on how 147 Malagasy slaves seized their captors' vessel, only to be recaptured. Although European countries shipped millions of slaves from Africa over four centuries, archaeologists estimate that fewer than 10 slave shipwrecks have been found worldwide. If he is wrong, Boshoff said in an interview, “I will have a lot of explaining to do. ”He will, however, have an excuse. Historical records indicate that at least 30 ships have run aground in the treacherous waters off Struis Bay，the earliest of them in 1673. Although Boshoff says he believes beyond doubt that the remains of a ship are buried on this beach — the jagged timbers of a wreck are sometimes uncovered during September's spring tide 一there is always the prospect that his surveys have found the wrong one."Finding shipwrecks is just so difficult in the first place," said Madeleine Burnside, the author of Spirits of the Passage, a book on the slave trade, and executive director of the Mel Fisher Maritime Heritage Society in Key West, Florida. "Usually — not always — they are located by accident.,, Other slave-ship finds have produced compelling evidence of both the brutality and the lucrative nature of the slave trade.Section 2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)Translate the following two passages into English.Passage 1改革开放30多年来，中国发生了巨大变化。

英译中It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.区区电子邮件里的一个单词，导致一家跨国公司遭受巨大经济损失。

The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language. Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.这封电子邮件是由一位英语母语人士用英语所写，而邮件接收人则是一位以英语为第二语言的同事。

该同事收到邮件后，发现该单词在字典里有两个截然相反的意思，他拿捏不准，并最终选择了那个错误的意思。

Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,”says Chia Suan Chong, aUK-based communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didn't reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable.“Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”数月过去，该跨国公司的高管开始调查这个项目失败并损失几十万美元的原因。