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第三章增词法,重复法和省略法

第三章增词法,重复法和省略法
第三章增词法,重复法和省略法

第三章增词法、重复法和省略法

教学目的:让学生能在英汉翻译时使用增词法、重复法和省略法

重点、难点:增词法、重复法

方法:讲解、提问、讨论

教学步骤:

有些词语在英语中使用比较广泛(如关联词、代词)或者不能随便省略(如冠词、虚词it、联系动词等),而在汉语却使用较少或可以省略;有些词语在汉语中使用比较广泛(如范畴词、量词、语气助词等)而在英语中却可以省略或较少使用。

(-)增减关联词

由于汉语意合句多,不强调形式上的完整,只要不妨碍意义的表达,即可省去形式上的东西,英语形合句多,注重把各种关系用语言形式表达出来。所以在汉译英时往往需要增补必要的关联词(连词、介词等);在英译汉时则往往可以省去这些关联词。

(1)传统的出口商品丰富多彩。

(2)他在中国工作了一年,然后就回日本去了。

(3)好事不出门,坏事传千里。

The array of the traditional products for export are rich and colorful.

He worked in China for one year,and then he returned to Japan.

A good thing is known only within one's family,but a bad thing is known far and wide.

(4)留得青山在,不怕没柴烧。

(5)我通宵没睡,非常疲倦。

(6)人生自古谁无死,留取丹心照汗青。

As long as the green mountains remain, one needn't worry about fire-wood.

I was fatigued because I had sat up all night.

An death befalls all men alike,I…ll keep a loyal heart to make a name in history.

(7)空气很轻,也具有重量。

(8)公共场合不准抽烟。

(9)这屋子冬暖夏凉。

(10)我们早8点上班。

Air has weight,though it is very light.

Smoking is not allowed in public places.

This room is warm in winter and cool in summer.

We go to work at 8 in the morning

(11)If I had known this beforehand,I would not have gone back.

早知如此,我就不回去了。

(12)Will you call as soon as you can conveniently spare a moment?

可否请你有空就来一下?

(13)Take the whole into consideration,but do the job bit by bit.

大处着眼,小处着手。

(14)As it was getting very late,we soon turned back.

天很晚了,我们马上就回来了。

(15)The soft can overcome the hard,and the weak can defeat me strong.

柔能克刚,弱能制强。

(16)He will not leave until his business is concluded.

他不把事办完是不会走的。

(17)The Spring Festival is celebrated joyfully in all parts of the country.

全国各地都在欢度春节。

(18)Most substances expand on heating and contrast on cooling.

大多数物质都热胀冷缩。

(19)In whiter,it is much colder in the north than it is in the south.冬天,北方比南方冷得多。(20)The force due to gravitation causes objects to have weight.

地心引力使物体具有重量。

(二)增减代词

英语中为了避免重复名词,往往使用代词,特别是人称代词和物主代词的使用极为广泛;而汉语中却使用代词较少,只要不妨碍意义的表达,往往要把代词省去。所以英译汉时往往可以省略代词(或把代词改换为名词);汉译英时则往往需要增补必要的代词。

(1)那位老人把手插在口袋里在田野里散步

(2)原子虽小,但具有很大的能量。

The old man was walking in the field with his hands in his pockets.

Small as atoms are,they contain vast amounts of energy.

(3)我上周给他写去一封信,但不知收到没有。

(4)请你原谅,我以后不再提这事了。

I wrote a letter to him last week, but I wonder if he has received it.

Please excuse me,I shall not speak of the matter.

That dress was so expensive that I couldn't afford to buy it.

(6)As soon as I arrived at Shanghai,I will send you a telegram.

那件衣服很贵,我买不起。

我一到上海,就给你打电报来。

(7)Shall I pour you a cup of tea?

(8)How are you feeling today?

要给你倒杯茶吗?

今天感觉怎么样?

(三)增减联系动词

由于汉语的描写句一般没有联系动词(即不用动词作谓语,而直接用形容词、名词、介词、短语、或主谓结构作谓语),汉译英时须补上联系动词,有时需将汉语句中形容词前的“很”字省去;英译汉时要省去联系动词;如果汉语中形容词作谓语,往往在前面要增补一个“很”字。

(1)北京的秋天最美。

(2)今天天气很好。

(3)这苹果很甜。

Autumn is the most beautiful season in Beijing.

The weather is fine today.

The apple tastes sweet.

(4)We are happy that you have got well.

你病好了,我们很高兴。

(省略联系动词are和have got,在“高兴”前加“很”字,并将原文第二个谓语译成主谓结构)

(5)He has grown old.

他老了。(省略联系动词has grown)

(6)That sounds quite reasonable.

那很有道理。(省略联系动词sounds)

(7)Everything is in good order.一切井井有条。(省略联系动词is)

(四)增减虚词“it”

英语中无人称代词it,强调句中的it,和语法上作形式主语或形式宾语的it,是汉语中所没有的一种虚词。因此一般说来,在汉译英时要将it补上,在英译汉时要省去不译。

(1)12点钟了。

It is twelve o'clock.

(2)一天天暖和起来了。

It is getting warm day by day.

(3)第一次见到她是在法国。

It was in France that I first met her.

处理这件事是我们的责任。

It is our duty to attend this matter.

(5)他们认为为国为民工作是他们的义务。

They regarded it is as their duty to work for the country and the people.

(6)抱怨是无用的。

It's no use complaining.

(7)是难呀?——是我。

Who is it?It's me.

(8)Is it far to the station?——No,it's quite near.

火车站远吗?——不远,很近。

(9)It was John who bought it.

这是约翰买的。

(10)It is me,not you,that is to blame.

应该受到责备的是我,而不是你。

(11)Who was it that called yesterday evening?

昨晚来的是谁?

(12)It's rather windy today.

今天风挺大。

(13)It will be lovely in the park today.

今天公园一定很好玩。

(五)增减冠词

由于英语中的冠词是汉语中所没有的,在汉译英时往往需作必要的增补,而在英译汉时,则可以省去不译。

(1)请把门关上。

Shut the door,please.

(2)整体大干部分。

The whole is greater than apart.

(3)为人民服务是极大的快乐。

It is a great joy to serve the people.

(4)把练习做完了吗?

Have you finished doing the exercise?

(5)任何物质,不管它是固体、液体或气体,都是由原子组成的。

Any substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid,a liquid or a gas.

(6)His father is an engineer.

他父亲是工程师。

(7)Beijing is the capital of China.

北京是中国的首都。

(8)He is a great loss to the country.

他的去世是国家的重大损失。

(9)Pollution is injurious to the lungs.

污染有害于肺。

(10)The commander-in-chief inspected a frontier guard unit.

总司令观察了边防部队。

(六)增减范畴词

英语中有些表示动作或性质的抽象名词(特别是由动词或形容词派生的名词),有时指人或事物的具体行为或性质,译成汉语时要增补范畴词(category words),以表示某种行为或某种性质所属的范畴。但汉译英时,由于范畴词只表明范畴而没有新的含义,所以可以省去不译。

(1)The preparations for the conference are being made.

会议的准备工作正在进行。

(2)They received us with great enthusiasm.

他们以非常热情的态度来欢迎我们。

(3)Unemployment in that country is very serious.

在那个国家失业现象很严重。

(4)He is at a disadvantage.

他处于不利地位。

(5)The new worker has learned the use of such a device.

这个新工人已经学会了这种仪器的使用方法。

(6)In the United States I teach American students about China, and in China this year I have been teaching Chinese about America.

在美国我给美国学生讲授关于中国的情况;今年我在中国教授有关美国的情况。

(7)Much of our mortality is customary.

我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。

(8)There is no more scrambling and starving.

再也没有抢夺和挨饿一类的事情了。

(9)The children are looking forward to Christmas Day.

孩子们正在期待着圣诞节的到来。

(10)The silence between our two governments has ended.

(中美)两国政府之间的沉默状态已告结束。

(11)他所能看到的只是马路上一片空旷现象。

What he could see was but a wide emptiness over the road.

(12)他在妒忌心理的驱使下犯了罪。

He was spurred on by jealousy to commit a crime.

(13) 敌人陷入了困难境地。

The enemy has fallen into a difficulty.

(14)国际紧张局势尚未得到缓和。

The international tension has not yet been eased.

(15)她以惊异的神情注视着我。

She stared at me with astonishment.

(七)增减语气助词

汉语的疑问句和感叹句不象英语那样有特殊的词序结构,但汉语中有许多语气助词,如“的”、“吗”、“啦”、“呀”、“嘛”、“啊”、“呢”、“了”等,可以放在句尾作为表达语气的手段。而英语中却没有这样的语气动词。因此,英译汉时,有时需要增补必要的语气助词,汉译英时,没有相应的对等词,只能略去不译。

(1)Hu rry up, or we…ll be late.

快走啊,要不就

(2)May I come in?

我可以进来吗?

(3)What in the world do you mean?

你到底是什么意思呢?

(4)What has happened?

发生什么事了?

(5)What is this for?

这是做什么用的?

(6)Don't take it seriously.

不要认真嘛!

(八)增减表达时态的助词或状语

由于汉语没有词形变化,往往需要通过某些助词和状语(如“曾”、“过”、“已经”、“正在”、“着”、“一直”、“将”、“就”、“要”“会”、“便”等)来体现时态的变化。所以,英译汉时需要增补这类词语;汉译英时,既然英语有动词本身的词形变化来表示相应的时态变化,往往就没有必要译出这类助词或状语。

(l)They are hearing an English talk.

他们(正)在听一个英语报告。

(2)He…ll come to see you when he has time.

他有空时会来看你的。

(3)I was and still am working as English teacher in this school.

我过去是,现在仍然是这个学校的英语教师。

(4)I have seen the film several times.

这电影我曾看过好几次了。

(5)Did you ever hear such a thing?

你听说过这样的事吗?

(6)How have you been?

你近来怎么样?

(7)He has been in the army for a year.

他参军已经一年了。

(8)We have just been talking about you.

我们正谈论你来着。

(9)All these years she has been touring about Europe.

这些年来她一直在欧洲旅游。

(九)增减量词

英语中数词(包括冠词a)与可数名词直接连用,不插入量词;而汉语中则有很多表示事物的形状、特征和数量的量词,可以直接与可数名词或不可数名词连用。因此,英译汉时要增补必要的量词,汉译英时就要省去某些量词。

(1)They have bought two tractors.

他们购买了两台拖拉机。

(2)This was but a complete lie.

这只不过是一派胡言。

(3)That child has taken a beating.

那个孩子挨了一顿打

(4)She borrowed an English novel from the library.

她从图书馆借了一本小说。

(5)We had a quarrel.

我们争吵了一番。

英语虽然不象汉语有那么多的量词,但表量的名词还是有的。只是英语中的量词不能直接和名词连用,一般要在量词和名词之间加介词“of”,这样构成一个名词词组。

a cup of water ,

a bottle of wine,

a piece of paper,

a piece of wood,

a piece of chalk,

a piece of news,

a piece of advice,

a bunch of grapes,

(一杯水)

(一瓶酒)

(一片纸)

(一块木头)

(一支粉笔)

(一条新闻)

(一个忠告)

(一串葡萄)

a bunch of flowers,

a strip of land,

a sheet of paper,

a lump of sugar,

a grain of rice,

a ton of coal,

two yards of cloth

(一束花)

(一片土地)

(一张纸)

(一块糖)

(一粒饭)

(一吨煤)

(两码布)

(十)增减表示名词复数的词

英语名词复数有词形变化或词形标志,汉语名词复数没有词形变化。除指多数人的名词后面可以加“们”字外,汉语名词的复数一般没有什么标志。但有时也往往在名词前面增加某些词语。因此,英译汉时,有时需要增补这类表示复数的词语,汉译英时要省去这些词语,只需用英语名词的复数形式。

(1)That was a season when flowers were vying with each other in beauty.

那正是群芳争艳的季节。

(2)A conference of outstanding workers is to be held on October.

群英会定于10月召开。

(3)When she saw the great changes of her home town,all sorts of feelings welled in her mind.

当她看到了家乡的巨大变化,真是感慨万端。

(4)Capital construction projects are to last for generations.

基本建设是百年大计。

(5)The truck was fully loaded with articles of daily use.

卡车上装满了日用百货。

(6)It will take hours and not minutes to finish writing this article.

写完这篇文章需要若干小时,而不是几分钟。

(7)The enemy was setting up successive lines of defense.

敌人在层层设防。

(8)Noises may develop in worn engine.

磨损了的发动机可能产生种种噪音。

(9)Rows of new houses are being built in the countryside.

在农村一排排新住房正在兴建。

(10)They have overcome numerous difficulties.

他们克服了重重困难。

(11)Chilly gusts of winds with a taste of rain in them had well night depeopled the streets.

阵阵寒风夹着零星雨点使街上空无一人了。

诸位女士,诸位先生,

听众,观众,

百姓,

列强,

万民欢腾,

千辛万苦,

千奇百怪

(Ladies and gentlemen)

(the audience)

(the common people)

(big powers)

(The people dance for joy.)

(all kinds of hard ships)

(all sorts of strange things)

(十一)增减英语含蓄条件句中的省略部分

由于汉语没有含蓄条件句,英译汉时要补上表示条件的词语(“假如”“倘若”“如果”等);汉译英时又可以省去这些词语译成含蓄条件句。

(1)It would be a shame to stop the work half way.

如果半途而废.就太遗憾了。

(2)Under another social system such floods would have caused terrible disasters.

倘在另一种社会制度下,这样的洪水是会造成可怕的灾难的。

(3)But for your help,I could not have succeeded.

如果没有你的帮助,我是不会成功的。

(4)Without perseverance,you are sure to fail.

倘若没有坚忍不拔的精神,你肯定要失败。

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英语笔译技巧--省略法

英语笔译技巧--省略法 2017年英语笔译技巧--省略法 省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅,更符合译文习惯。但需要注意的是,省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去,省略不能改变原文的意义。现从语法角度和修辞角度分别举例探讨省略法: 省略法是指在翻译中,原文中有些词在译文中可以省略,不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词,但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思,或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的'。 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 根据汉语习惯,前句出现一个主语,后句如仍为同一主语,就不必重复出现。英语中通常每句都有主语,因此人称代词作主语往往多次出现,这种人称代词汉译时常常可以省略。 Ihadmanywonderfulideas,butIonlyputafewintopractice. 我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 (2)英语中,泛指人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。 Weliveandlearn. 活到老,学到老。 Whenwillhearrive?—Youcannevertell. 他什么时候到?——说不准。 2.省略作宾语的代词

英语中有些作宾语的代词,不管前面是否提到过,翻译时往往可以省略。 Pleasetakeofftheoldpictureandthrowitaway. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3.省略物主代词 英语句子中的物主代词出现的频率相当高。一个句子往往会出现好几个物主代词,如果将每个物主代词都翻译出来,那么汉语译文就显得非常罗嗦。所以在没有其他人称的物主代词出现的情况下,在翻译时物主代词大多被省略。 Iputmyhandintomypocket. 我把手放进口袋。 (二)代词it的省略 it起着代词的作用,在译文中,当它被用作非人称或没有意义的时候,往往可以省略。 Outsideitwaspitchdarkanditwasrainingcatsanddogs. 外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。 Heglancedathiswatch;itwas7:15. 他一看表,是七点一刻了。 Ittookmealongtimetoreachthehospital. 我花了很长时间才到了医院。 Itisthepeoplewhoarereallypowerful. 人民才是最强大的。 (三)省略连接词

重复翻译法

You were born to run. And we were born to help you do it better. 奔跑是你的天性,让你跑得更快是我们的天职。运用了多种修辞手法:重复、押头韵 Skin firming/toning agent 紧肤水/爽肤水成分 Coriander 芫荽、香菜Lavender 薰衣草 Adidas Sports Shoes Over twenty-eight years ago, adidas gave birth to a new idea in sports shoes. And the people who wear our shoes have been running and winning ever since. In fact, adidas has helped them set over 400 world records in track and field alone. Maybe that’s why more and more football, soccer, basketball, baseball and tennis players are turning to adidas. They know that, whatever their game, they can rely on adidas workmanship and quality in every product we make. So whether you are pounding the roads on a marathon, or just jogging around the block, adidas shall be on your feet. You were born to run. And we were born to help you do it better. You’ll find us anywhere smart sports people buy their shoes. Adidas, the all sports people. 阿迪达斯运动鞋 28年前,阿迪达斯为运动鞋注入了一种全新的理念,从此以后,脚穿阿迪的运动健儿风驰电掣、频频夺冠。事实上,仅在田径场上阿迪达斯就帮助人们创造了400多项世界记录。或许正因为如此,才有越来越多的足球、橄榄球、篮球、棒球和网球运动员青睐这个品牌。他们知道,无论从事哪项运动,他们都可以信赖阿迪达斯

如何在翻译中运用省略法

首先请试译下列句子: 1. It is snowing. 2. Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 3. We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise. 1. It is snowing. 译文一:它正在下雪。(×) 译文二:下雪了/在下雪。 分析:译文一字字对应译出,貌似“忠实”,但完全不合汉语表达习惯,实是错误译法。 2. Dr John resumed his experiment as soon as he came into the laboratory. 译文一:约翰博士一到实验室,他就继续做实验。(×) 译文二:约翰博士一到实验室就继续做实验。 分析:译文一将主从句的主语都译出,貌似“忠实”,但产生歧义,可能让人以为“他”和”约翰博士”是两个人。 3. We took this opportunity to inform you that we are now in a position to make a prompt shipment of the merchandise. 译文一:我们借此机会告知你们现在我们可以立即装运那批货物。 译文二:兹奉告,该商品可即期装运。(简洁明确,公文惯例) 分析:译文二省却了“take this opportunity”和“in a position”等词语,还省译了三个人称代词,使译文更加符合汉语涉外文书的行文习惯。 省略法(omission),也叫减省译法,是指在翻译中,原文中有些词在译文中可以省略,不必翻译出来。因为译文中虽然没有这个词,但是已经具有了原文这个词所表达的意思,或者这个词在译文中的意义是不言而喻的。省略的目的在于使译文更加通顺流畅,更符合译文习惯。

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法

翻译方法之增译法、减译法、重复法 ?英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词义进行转换,有可能要在词量上加以增减。 ?有的时候,为了明确、强调或生动,也需要将一些关键性的词加以重复。 ?什么叫增译法?我们可以这样确定它的定义:为了使译文忠实地表达原文的意思与风格,并使译文合乎表达习惯,必须按意义上(修辞上)和句法上增加一些词语,这就叫做增译法。?一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?二、根据句法上的需要 一、根据意义(修辞)上的需要 ?(一)增加动词 ?(二)增加形容词 ?(三)增加副词 ?(四)增加名词 ?(五)增加表示名词复数的词 ?(六)增加表达时态的词 ?(七)增加语气助词 ?(八)增加量词 ?(九)增加根据上下文需要及反映背景情况的词 ?(十)增加概括词 ?(十一)增加承上启下的词 (一)增加动词 ?根据意义的需要,可以在名词前后增加动词。 ?如: In the evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibitions, he would work on …… Practice ?They talked for almost eight hours, through dinner and well into the night. ?My work, my family, my friends were more than enough to fill my time. (二)增加形容词 ?With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism! 中国人民正在以多么高涨的热情建设社会主义啊! ?O, Tom Canty, born in rags and dirt and misery, what sight is this! (Mark Twain) 出生在破烂、肮脏和苦难中,现在这番景象却是多么煊赫啊!

英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法

英汉翻译中的增词法和减词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减。 标签:翻译;增词法;减词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方式不尽相同,翻译时既可能要将词类加以转换,又可能要在词量上加以增减。增补法就是在翻译时按意义上和句法上的需要增加一些词来更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。减词法也可以称之为省略法。省略是指原文中有些词在译文中不译出来,因为其在译文中是不言而喻的。但省略并不是把原文的某些思想内容删去。 一、增词法 (一)词汇加词,也就是说,由于词汇方面的原因而引起的加词现象 1.加动词 由于英语的词汇当中,名词居多;而汉语则不管有多少动词都可以并排使用。因此,许多英语的名词翻译成汉语时都要加上一些动词,否则,意思则很不完整,例如: The cities utilize these funds for education,police and fire departments,public works and municipal buildings.市政府将这些资金用于兴办教育事业,加强治安消防,投资公共建筑和市政工程。 2.加名词 在汉语中,及物和不及物动词的区别不是很明显;而英语对及物动词和不及物动词的区别很明显,特别是一些不及物动词必须带上后面的宾语句子意思才完整。因此,我们在翻译时往往需要增词。例如: According to scientists,it takes nature 500years to create an inch of topaoil. 根据科学家们的看法,自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。 3.加形容词 With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism. 中国人民正在以多么高的热情建设社会主义啊!

最新英汉翻译练习之省略法

Put the following sentences into Chinese, using the technique of omission. 1.If you give him an inch, he will take a mile. 2.These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 3.Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 4.It is not entirely right to say that if there is food, let everyone share it. 5. 6.Scientific exploration, the search for knowledge, has given man the practical result of being able to shield himself from the calamities of nature and the calamities imposed by others. 7. 8.There was no haste or restlessness in his manner but a poised friendliness. 9. 10.N ever trouble yourself with trouble till trouble troubles you. 11.T he true joy of joys is joy that joys in the joy of others. 12.F or generations, coal and oil have been regarded as the chief energy source to transport man from place to place.

增词法减词法补充,课后看

通过英译汉中的增词法减词法复习汉译英增词法减词法 I. What is Omission Omission: Amplification to leave out some unnecessary words. One of the differences in syntax between English and Chinese is the disparity in wording. What is regarded as a natural or indispensable element in one language may be regarded as superfluous or even “a stumbling block”in the other. For the sake of succinctness, functional words in English such as the article, the preposition are usually omitted in translation. The time-keeping devices of electronic watches are much more accurate than those of mechanical ones. 电子表比机械表准确得多。 He took off his coat and shoes. Then he put on his slippers,went to the sofa and began to watch TV. After a moment, he asked his wife to bring him a cup of tea. 他脱了大衣和鞋子,然后穿上拖鞋,走到沙发前,开始看电视。过了一会儿,他叫妻子给他端杯茶来。 3) A difference arose between the neighbors over the height of the fence. 邻居之间为了篱笆的高度惹起了一场争论。 邻居为篱笆的高低有过争论。(思果,《译道探微》,中国对外翻译出版公司,2002) II. Omission of pronoun 1. 在英语中,代词充当主语的情况相当多。为了使译文前后的句子意思紧凑,避免重复 用词,汉语习惯采用无主句,其主语就是前面的代词。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他消瘦而憔悴,看上去痛苦不堪的样子(一副可怜相) He was well-favoured, bright, a good dancer, a fair shot and a fine tennis player. He was an asset at any party. He was lavish with flowers and expensive boxes of chocolate, and though he entertained little, when he did it was with an originality that pleased. 他很聪明,舞跳得不错,枪打得也可以,网球也打得挺好,深得(女孩子)喜爱。他是宴会中的宝贝儿,任意购买鲜花和高价巧克力送人。尽管他不大请客,请起来也别有一番创意,让人开心不已。 2.英语中的泛指人称代词作主语时,常常可以省略,翻译成无主句。 As you come into the room, you’ll notice a piano. 一进房间门,就会看见一台钢琴。 One can never be too careful in one’s work. 工作越仔细越好。 Fight when you can win; move away when you cannot win. 打得赢就打,打不赢就走。 We have 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. 一周有七天,一天有24小时。 1) The significance of a man is not in what he attains but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已获取的,而在于渴望获得什么样的东西。

英语翻译之词义省略法

英语翻译之词义省略法 一、从语法角度来看 (一)省代词 1.省略作主语的人称代词 (1)省略作主语的人称代词 I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice. 我有很多美妙的想法,但是只把少数付诸实践了。 He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable. 他瘦弱憔悴,看上去一副可怜相。 (2)英语中,泛指人称代词作主语时,即使是作第一个主语,在汉语译文中往往也可以省略。联展在线:https://www.doczj.com/doc/445512970.html,/xkyfd/ 考研学习:https://www.doczj.com/doc/445512970.html,/kcnet1450/ We live and learn. 活到老,学到老。 When will he arrive?—You can never tell. 他什么时候到?——说不准。

The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain. 人生的意义不在于已经获取的,而在于渴望得到什么样的东西。 2.省略作宾语的代词 The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them. 他越是想要掩盖他的错误,就越是容易暴露。 Please take off the old picture and throw it away. 请把那张旧画取下来扔掉。 3.省略物主代词 I put my hand into my pocket. 我把手放进口袋。 She listened to me with her rounded eyes. 她睁大双眼,听我说话。 (二)代词it的省略 Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.

翻译技巧:加词法和减词法

翻译技巧(二):加词法和减词法 加(增)词法 英汉两种语言,由于表达方法不尽相同,有些词在英语中可以省略而不会影响全句意思的完整表达,但译成汉语后就可能出现意思不够明确的语言现象;还有些词虽然在原文中意义明确而完整,但译成汉语后文字却不甚通顺流畅。在这种情况下,就需要使用增词译法。增词法就是在翻译时按照意义、修辞或句法上的需要,在原文的基础上添加必要的单词、词组、分句或完整句,从而使得译文在语法、语言形式上符合译文习惯和在文化背景、词语联想方面与原文一致,使得译文与原文在内容、形式和精神等三方面都对等起来,更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。 S y n t a c t i c a l A m p l i f i c a t i o n(从句法结构上考虑的增词) This kind of amplification includes: amplification by supplying such kinds of words as verbs, nouns, adjectives, adverbs, numerals, category words, generalization words, and the plural forms of nouns. (1) 增加量词(classifier) 英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用,不用加量词。而汉语往往要加量词。 It was a nova! 这是一颗新星! The sun rose thinly from the sea. 一轮红日从海边淡淡升起。 A stream was winding its ways through the valley into the river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷,汇到江里去了。 (2) 增加表达复数的词(convey the concept of plurality)

增词法和减词法 translation

Amplification & Omission增词法和减词法 翻译的标准首先是忠实于原文。那么,忠实是否就意味着我们在翻译过程中不能增加词也不能减少词呢?实际上并非如此。美国著名翻译学家奈达曾经说过“Translation is translating meaning”,在翻译过程中主要是准确表达出原文的意思,而不必拘泥于原文用词的形式。英汉两种语言不论在词汇上还是在句法上都存在着显著的差异,一味拘泥于原文的形式,有时会令人费解、语句罗嗦或偏离原文的意思。适当地增加一些词或者省略一些词,恰恰是为了达到忠实于原文或者通顺流畅表达的目的。下面分别举例介绍一下英汉翻译过程中常见的增词和减词的用法。 1.增词法 增词法并不是说译者可以随心所欲地增加任何词。一般说来,增加的词尽管没有出现在原文字面上,但实际上其意思都隐含在原文中。经常使用的增词法有以下几种情况: (1)增加表示时态和复数的词 英语具有某些综合形语言的特征,可以通过名词、动词的词形变化来表现时态和复数。而汉语则是典型的分析形语言,词形本身没有变化,要表示时态和复数需要通

过增加相应的时间副词或表示复数的词。所以一定要注意在汉语译文中添加这些词,如: 例1:His father was a fisherman. He was as poor as we are. 译文:他父亲过去是个渔夫。那时候他和我们现在一样穷。 例2:The agreement will come into force next spring. 译文:协议将于明年生效。 例3:Lion is the king of animals. 译文:狮子是百兽之王。 例4:As is known to all, air is a mixture of gases. 译文:众所周知,空气是许多种气体的混合物。 (2)增加语义表达中需要的词 增加语义表达中需要的词,是指为了使译文表达通顺流畅而根据汉语的表达习惯增加的一些词。经常增加的语义表达中需要的词有动词、名词、形容词、副词和量词。 1) 增加动词 汉语句子中动词占优势,使用的频率很高。因此英汉翻译中经常需要根据上下文的意思添加一些动词,使译文表达更加清楚、通顺,如: 例5:He dismissed the meeting without a closing speech.

翻译重复和省略法练习

1、试译下列各句,注意保持原文的重复手段。 1. It is impossible to live in society and be independent of society. 2. If once virtue is lost ,all is lost. 3. Year after year and century after century the moon goes through its cycles. 2、试译下列各句,注意用同义词表达原文中重复的词。 1. Easy come, easy go. 2. No pains, no gains. 3. A fall in the pit,m a gain in the wit. 3、试译下列各句,用四字重叠词语表达原文中的斜体词。 1. The toasts were flat. 2. It was not evasive in my reply. 3. A slating sunlight dappled the grass. 4、试译下列各句,用四字对偶词表达原文中的斜体字。 1. She is an awful fool of a woman. 2. The trial, in his opinion, was absolutely fair. 3. she told him of Johnsy’s fancy. 5、试译下列各句,注意省略作主语的斜体人称代词。 1.I am 78years old, I have been confined to my room with a paralytic stroke for the past 14 months. 2.Like his friend he had many wonderful ideas, but he only pout a few into practice. 6、试译下列各句,注意省略作宾语的斜体代词。 1. I’ve received your letter and read it with delight. 2. If you have read these stories, tell them in your own words. 7、试译下列各句,注意省略斜体的代词。

7省略法的翻译(教师版)

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