2002年八级试卷及答案

日照一中2002级I部8月份考试B卷语文（本试卷分第I和第II卷，共150分，时间150分钟。

）第I卷一、（18分，每小题3分。

）1．下列各组词语中加点字的读音完全相同的一组是（）A．划．桨划．算划．价划．一不二B．着．装着．眼着．落着．手成春C．抹．杀抹．黑抹．粉转弯抹．角D．妥帖．请帖．字帖．服服帖帖．．2．下列词语中没有错别字的一组是（）A．沉湎各行其是仗义直言水至清则无鱼B．大赦暴殄天物和盘托出挟泰山以超北海C．倾轧绵里藏针一愁莫展多行不义必自毙D．泥淖循章摘句铤而走险万变不离其中3．依次填入下列各句横线处的词语，最恰当的一组是（）①虽然他不断球路，还是没能遏制住对方凌厉的攻势，痛失奖杯。

②现代化城市需要高雅艺术，而高雅艺术更需要城市的扶持，这已是无可的事实。

③为了使孩子更好地成长，家长与老师应加强联系，经常______情况。

A．变幻置疑勾通 B．变换置疑沟通C．变换质疑勾通 D．变幻质疑沟通4.下列各句中加点的成语使用不恰当的一句是（）A．这次试验眼看就要成功了，大家一定要坚持下去，千万不要懈怠，如果功亏一．．．篑．，实在可惜。

B．这篇文章见解深刻，切中时弊，提出了一些严峻的社会问题，让人感到匪夷所．．．思．。

C．该公司制作喜剧的能力有口皆碑．．．．，它的广告大都能引发笑声，让人印象深刻。

D．对于科学精神匮乏的国度来说，对常识和理性的呼唤，才是真正的雪中送炭．．．．。

5．下列各句中，标点符号使用正确的一项是（）A．兰亭素有景幽、事雅、文妙、书绝之称，已经成了历代书法家“朝圣”之地。

B．在《关于重庆谈判》一文的注释里，我们可以看到，当时为了顾全大局，我们党做了怎样的有原则的让步？进行了怎样的针锋相对的斗争？C．行动，要靠思想来指导，思想要靠行动来证明；思想和行动是紧密相联的。

D．环境污染足以损害小儿的呼吸系统的功能，因此，家长要避免烟雾包括烧煤、柴和吸烟产生的烟雾，污染小儿的生活环境。

6．下列各句没有语病的一项是A．《考试报》从创刊起，就提出了“出精品、创名牌，办一流报纸”的口号，确立了“高质量、高品位、可读性强”的编辑。

湖北省2002届鄂南高中 华师一附中 黄冈中学 黄石二中 荆州中学 孝感高中 襄樊四中 襄樊五中 八校联考理科综合试卷命题人：荆州中学 尹金树 张之兵 熊玉华第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共144分)本卷共24题，每题6分，共144分。

在下列各题的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的(请将答案填在卷I 答题卡上)。

1．在大米和面粉中生活的“米虫”一生都不需要“饮水”，也吃不到含水量丰富的食物，可它们仍能正常生活，其原因是A ．米虫的生活活动不需要水B ．米虫从空气中吸收水C ．米虫消化淀粉时产生水D ．米虫在代谢中产生水2．存在泥土中及正常人呼吸道内的破伤风杆菌不会使人致病，当深而窄的伤口内感染破伤风杆菌后，则由于大量繁衍而致病。

破伤风杆菌的代谢类型是 ( )A ．自养，需氧型B ．自养，厌氧型C ．异养，需氧型D ．异养，厌氧型3．在人类染色体DNA 不表达的碱基对中，有一部分串联重复的短序列，它们在个体之间具有显著的差异性，这种短序列可用于A ．生产基因工程药物B ．侦查罪犯C ．遗传病的产前诊断D ．基因治疗4．上图是植物水分代谢的4个实验装置请判断实验开始后，玻璃管内的水是否流动及流动方向(无流动以X 表示，流动方向以 →←↑↓表示)。

下面四个选项的符号依次表示4个装置中玻璃管内的水流动现象，其中正确的是A ．↑↓× ×B ．× ↑× →C ．↓↑→ ←D ．↓↑× ← 5．为了改善生态环境，“十五”计划要求我国森林覆盖率从现在的16.5％提高到18.2％。

下列措施中，能快速有效提高森林覆盖率的是：①继续营造防护林体系 ②实施退耕还林工程 ③加强自然保护区建设 ④实施天然林保护工程A ．①②B ．①③C ．②④D ．③④6．汽车尾气造成的铅污染，主要来自汽油中所加的防爆添加剂，该添加剂的化学式是 A ． 23)NO (Pb B ． Pb )COO CH (23 C ．PbS D ．452)H C (pb7．将25.1克氢氧化钠和氢氧化钡的混合物溶于水，所得溶液恰好能中和1L lm ol -⋅的盐酸400mL 。

2002年-2011年英语专业八级翻译汉译英参考答案2002年大自然对人的恩赐;无论贫富，一律平等。

所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。

尤其在乡间.上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。

种植庄稼和葡萄，酿酒和饮酒。

喂牛和挤奶，锄草和栽花;在周末去教堂祈祷和做礼拜，在节日到广场拉琴、跳舞和唱歌;往日的田园依旧是今日的温璐家园。

这样，每个地方都有自己的传说，风俗也就衍传了下来。

Poor or rich, people are favored by the Nature equally. So all the humans are uniformly and deeply dependent upon the nature, especially in the countryside, where people lived in the same ways of life for thousands of years. They plant crops and grapes, brew and drink wine, feed and milk cows, weed and plant flowers, go to church at weekends, and play music instruments on the plaza on festivals, dancing and singing. The fields of the past remain today's pleasant home. In this way every place has its own legends and the customs hand down.2003年得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，我顿觉打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。

一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，一时宾客云集，笑语四溢。

2002年八年级学业水平测试1．给下列加点的字注音，根据拼音写出汉字并改正句中的错别字。

（3分）蠢．笨的企鹅，胆qiè地把肥胖的身体躲藏在悬涯底下……只有那高傲的海燕，勇敢地，自由自在地，在泛起白沫的大海上飞翔！蠢笨胆qiè改为2．按要求填空。

（6分）①四季有诗。

“天街小雨润如酥，”写出了春之美好；“”写出了夏之繁茂；（用《醉翁亭记》中的语句作答）；“碧云天，黄叶地，，”写出了秋之绚烂；“，千树万树梨花开”写出了冬之灵异。

情怀是诗。

文天祥面对国家危难，用“？”表达了慷慨赴死的报国情怀；杜甫身处逆境，仍关心社会与他人，“，”表达了他关心人间冷暖的济世情怀；范仲淹横遭贬谪，仍能“，”体现了他先人后己的高尚情怀。

②请写出古诗文中表现诗人远大志向的句子。

（写出连续的两句，课内外皆可）____________ _______，_____________________。

3.请你借助联想与想象，将下列词语组合成一段话。

（要求：语言流畅，思想健康。

）（2分）（不超过30字）月光笛声未来梦想4.走近名著。

（2分）《海底两万里》主要讲述的是诺第留斯号潜艇的的故事。

凡尔纳的小说之所以拥有广大的读者，原因在于其作品构思巧妙、情节惊险，小说如此动人，还在于其将，凡尔纳被认为是“”。

5.走近生活。

根据所提供的情境，按要求表达。

（2分）校门前，执勤交警每天忙碌而有序地指挥交通，保证学生上下学的安全，赢得了社会的广泛赞誉。

（1）炎炎烈日下，你要为执勤交警送一瓶矿泉水，你对他说些什么？（1分）（2）在放学回家的路上，你发现某校校车超载，把这种情况报告给执勤交警, 你怎样说？（1分）二、阅读下面的古诗文，回答6—11题。

（一）落叶孔绍安早秋惊落叶，飘零似客心。

翻飞未肯下，犹言惜故林。

6.这是一首借物抒情的诗，你认为首句中诗人“惊”的原因有哪些？（2分）7全诗借“落叶”的形象抒发了怎样的情感？（1分）（二）[甲] 嗟夫！予尝求古仁人之心，或异二者之为，何哉？不以物喜，不以己悲。

历年英语专八改错真题历年专八短文改错试题2014年英语专八改错真题答案There is widespread consensus among s cholars that second language acquisition (SLA) emerged as a distinct field of rese arch from the late 1950s to early 1960s. There is a high level of agreement that t he following questions ( a 前面加also)have possessed the most attention of re searchers in this area: (possessed 改为captured)Is it possible to acquire an additional lan guage in thesame sense one acquires a first language ? (one前面加as )What is the explanation for the fact adul ts have (fact后面加that) more difficulty in acquiring additional lan guages than children have? What motiva tes people to acquire additional languag es?What is the role of the language teachin g in the (language前面去掉the) acquisition of an additional language? What socio-cultural factors, if any, are relevant in studying the learning of additio nal languages?From a check of the literature of the field it is clear that all (去掉the)the approaches adopted to study the phe nomena of SLA so far have one thing in c ommon: The perspective adopted to vie w the acquiringof an additional language is that of an in dividual attempts to do (attempts改为attempting)so. Whether one labels it “learning” or “acquiring” an additionallanguage, it is an individual accomplishm ent or what is under (or 改为and)focus is the cognitive, psychological, and institutional status of an individual. That is, the spotlight is on what mental capa bilities are involving, what psychological factors play a role in the learning(involving改为involved) or acquisition, and whether the target la nguage is learnt in theclassroom or acquired through social tou ch with native speakers.(touch改为contact) 2013年英语专八改错真题答案Psycho_linguistics is the name given to the study of the psychological processes involved in language. Psycholinguistics s tudy understanding,production and remembering language, and hence are concerned with (1) ___ __listening, reading, speaking, writing, an d memory for language.One reason why we take the language f or granted is that it usually (2) ______happens so effortlessly, and most of tim e, so accurately. (3) ______ Indeed, when you listen to someone to speaking, or looking at this page, (4) ______ you normally cannot help but unde rstand it. It is only in exceptional circumstances we might become aware of the complexity (5) ______ involved: if we are searching for a word but cannot remember it;if a relative or colleague has had a strok e which has influenced (6) ______ their language; if we observe a child ac quire language; if (7) ______ we try to learn a second language ourse lves as an adult; or if we are visually imp aired or hearing-impaired or if we meet anyone else who is. As we shall see, all these examples (8) ______of what might be called “language in e xceptional circumstances”reveal a great deal about the processes evolved in speaking, (9) ______listening, writing and reading. But give n that language processeswere normally so automatic, we also ne ed to carry out careful (10) ______ experiments to get at what is happening.1. production改成producing2. 去掉the3. 去掉accurately前面的so4. looking改为look5. we前面加that6. 去掉colleague后面的has7. their改成his8. anyone改成 pure老师someone9. evolved改成involved10. were改成are2012年英语专八改错真题答案The central problem of translating has a lways been whether to translate literally or freely. Theargument has been going si nce at least the first (1) ___ ___century B.C. Up to the beginning of the 19th century, many writersfavoured certain kind of “free” translati on: the spirit, not the letter; the (2) _ ____ sense not the word; the message r ather the form; the matter not (3) _______the manner. This is the often revolutio nary slogan of writers who (4) ___ ____wanted the truth to be read and unders tood. Then in the turn of 19th (5) __ ___century, when the study of cultural a nthropology suggested thatthe linguistic barriers were insuperable and that the language (6) _____ __was entirely the product of culture, the view translation was impossible (7) _ _____ gained some currency, and with it that, if was attempted at all, it must beas (8) _____ literal as possible. This vie w culminated the statement of the (9) _______extreme “literalists” Walter Benjamin a nd Vladimir Nobokov. The argument was theoretical: the purpose of the translatio n, the nature of the readership, the type of the text, was not discussed. Too often, writer, translator and reader were implicitly identified witheach other. Now, the context has chang ed, and the basic problem remains. (10) ___1.going后加on2. 2. certain改为a certain3.3. rather改为not4. 4. is 改为was5.5. in 改为 at6.6. 去掉第二个the7.7. view后面加that8. 8. 去掉 was9. culminated后面加in10. and 改为but2011年英语专八改错真题答案From a very early age, perhaps the ageof five or six, I knewthat when I grew I should be a writer.Between the ages of about 1_____ _____ seventeen and twenty-four I triedto abandon this idea, but I did sowith the conscience that I was outraging my true nature and that 2_____ ______ soon or later I should have to set tle down and write books. 3__ _________ I was the child of three, bu t there was a gap of five years 4_ _________on either side, and I barely saw my fath er before I was eight. For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I so on developeddisagreeing mannerisms which made m e unpopular throughout my 5_______ ______ schooldays. I had the lonely chil d's habit of making up stories andholding conversations with imaginative persons, and I think from 6________ _the very start my literal ambitions were mixed up with the feeling of 7_______ _being isolated and undervalued. I knew that I had a facility with wordsand a power of facing in unpleasant fac ts, and I felt that this created 8______ __a sort of private world which I could ge t my own back for my failure 9_______ _in everyday life. Therefore, the volume of serious — i.e. seriously 10________ intended _ writing which I produced al l through my childhood and boyhood wo uld not amount to half a dozen pages. I wrote my first poem at the age of four o r five, my mother taking it down to dictat ion.1.在grow后加up, 考固定短语2. 改consience为consciousness 考词语区别，consience翻译为“良心，道德心”, consiousness翻译为“意识”3.改soon为sooner，sooner or later是固定短语4. 在child前加middle, 考上下文理解。

八年级下册英语大课堂2002年答案1、“I think you are wonderful,”she said, “You are so patient with your little George.”[单选题] *A. 耐心(正确答案)B. 细心C. 关心D. 偏心2、31．A key ring is used __________ holding the keys. [单选题] *A．toB．inC．for (正确答案)D．with3、She passed me in the street, but took no（）of me. [单选题] *Attention (正确答案)B. watchC. careD. notice4、( ) My mother told me _____ in bed. [单选题] *A. not readB. not readingC. don’t readD. not to read(正确答案)5、The car _______ after forty minutes driving, so he didn’t have the interview on time. [单选题] *A. broke down(正确答案)B. broke inC. broke outD. broke up6、They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [单选题] *A.efficientB.beneficialC.validD.effective(正确答案)7、There are sixty _______ in an hour. [单选题] *A. hoursB. daysC. minutes(正确答案)D. seconds8、The twins _______ us something about their country. [单选题] *A. told(正确答案)B. saidC. talkedD. spoke9、My friend and classmate Selina（)running in her spare time. [单选题] *A.likeB. likes (正确答案)C. is likedD. is liking10、一Mary wants to invite you to see the movie today. 一I would rather she（B）me tomorrow. [单选题] *A.tellsB. told (正确答案)C. would tellD. had told11、The office building will be _______ a library. [单选题] *A. turned onB. turned upC. turned into(正确答案)D. turned off12、The storybook is very ______. I’m very ______ in reading it. （）[单选题] *A. interesting; interested(正确答案)B. interested; interestingC. interested; interestedD. interesting; interesting13、Which animal do you like _______, a cat, a dog or a bird? [单选题] *A. very muchB. best(正确答案)C. betterD. well14、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free15、He held his（）when the results were read out. [单选题] *A. breath(正确答案)B. voiceC. soundD. thought16、A good teacher is able to_____a complicated idea in very simple terms. [单选题] *A.put across(正确答案)B.break upC.work outD.bring out17、Bob is young, _______ he knows a lot. [单选题] *A. becauseB. soC. but(正确答案)D. unless18、I live a very quiet and peaceful life. [单选题] *A. 宁静的(正确答案)B. 舒适的C. 和平的D. 浪漫的19、They will hold the party if they _____ the project on time. [单选题] *A. will completeB. complete(正确答案)C．completedD. had completed20、He couldn’t ______ the maths problem without your help. [单选题] *A. work out(正确答案)B. work atC. work forD. work with21、What _______ would you like, sir? [单选题] *A. otherB. else(正确答案)C. othersD. another22、Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____. [单选题] *A. more helpfulB. extremely helpfulC. very helpfulD. the most helpful(正确答案)23、_____ rooms are both large and comfortable. [单选题] *A. Jack's and Jane's(正确答案)B. Jack and Jane'sC. Jack's and JaneD.Jack and Jane24、--_______ do you have to do after school?--Do my homework, of course. [单选题] *A. What(正确答案)B. WhenC. WhereD. How25、Our teacher suggested that each of us _____ a study plan for the tong summer vacation. [单选题] *A. make(正确答案)B. madeC. will makeD. would make26、（）of the twins was arrested because I saw them both at a party last night. [单选题] *A. NoneB. BothC. Neither(正确答案)D. All27、Your homework must_______ tomorrow. [单选题] *A. hand inB. is handed inC. hands inD. be handed in(正确答案)28、Many volunteers _______ food and water to the local people in Japan after tsunami(海啸）. [单选题] *A. gave out(正确答案)B. cut outC. put outD. found out29、( ) It tells what is going on ___the county and all____the world. [单选题] *A. across; over(正确答案)B. all; acrossC. in; inD.to; for30、I knocked on the door but _______ answered. [单选题] *A. somebodyB. anybodyC. nobody(正确答案)D. everybody。

2000—2004年英语专业八级考试英语国家概况试题2000年1. Who were the first known inhabitants of Britain?A. The CeltsB. The RomansC. The Beaker FolkD. The Iberians2. The native people of Canada came from _______ in prehistoric times.A. AsiaB. RussiaC. EuropeD. South Africa3. The United States of America is the ________ populous country in the world.A. secondB. thirdC. fourthD. sixth4. The United Kingdom is a ______ State.A. federalB. unitaryC. republicD. feudal参考答案：1. D 英国已知的最早定居者是伊比利亚人（Iberians）。

大约在公元前3000年，他们从地中海地区迁移到不列颠岛定居，成为英国最早的居民。

此后，凯尔特人（Celts）和罗马人（Romans）曾先后入侵占领英伦诸岛。

2. A 史前时期，加拿大的原著民来源于亚洲。

3. B美国是世界第三人口大国，第一为中国，第二是印度。

4. B 英国是一个中央集权制国家（a unitary state），美国则是一个联邦制国家（a federal state）。

2001年1. Canada occupies about _________ of the North American continent.A. 1/2B. 1/4C. 1/3D. 1/52. The Australian population is mainly of _______ descents.A. BritishB. AmericanC. JapaneseD. Chinese3. The causes of the Hundred Years’War between France and England were partly _____ and partly _____.A. political; territorialB. religious; economicC. territorial; economicD. political; religious4. The _____ is the America’s leading center of heavy industry.A. MidwestB. Middle Atlantic statesC. SouthD. Pacific Coast参考答案：1. A 加拿大是世界上第二大国家，仅次于俄罗斯，占北美洲面积的二分之一。

2002全国生物学联赛理论试卷注意事项：1．字迹工整，用蓝色、黑色钢笔或圆珠笔在答题纸做答；2．考试时间：120分钟，全卷210分。

一、单项选择题(每小题1分，共100分)1．浮浪幼虫是哪类动物的幼虫?A．腔肠动物 B．扁形动物 C．环节动物 D．线形动物2．扁形动物的下述哪一种主要特征的形成是动物由水生进化到陆生的基本条件之一? A．两侧对称 B．无体腔 C．原肾管 D．发达生殖系统3．陆生爬行类体内含氮废物随尿液排出的主要形式是A．尿素 B.尿酸 C. 氨基酸 D．氨4．高等无脊椎动物与脊索动物的共同特征为A．具头索、后口、真体腔 B．后口、三胚层、真体腔C．有鳃裂、肛后尾、神经管 D．有神经管、三胚层、两侧对称5. 周围神经系统包括A．脊髓、脑神经、自主神经系统 B．自主神经系统、脑神经、脊神经C．脑、脊神经、交感神经 D．脑、脊神经、交感神经、副交感神经6．下列动物中的哪一纲中所有动物生活史中至少有一个时期营寄生生活A．变形虫纲 B．孢子虫纲 C．鞭毛虫纲 D．纤毛虫纲7．渐变态昆虫的发育特征是A．无蛹期，生活习性与成虫一样 B. 无蛹期，生活习性与成虫不一样C．有蛹期，生活习性与成虫不一样 D．有蛹期，生活习性与成虫一样8．下列哪种人类疾病与蚊子有关系A．昏睡病 B．血吸虫病 C．痢疾 D．疟疾9．认为头足类动物是最进化的软体动物的理由为A．足移到头部与头部愈合 B．外骨骼演化成为内骨骼C．闭管式循环系统 D．外套膜十分发达10．绦虫区别于吸虫的特征为A．生殖系统非常发达 B. 成虫均为寄生生活C．神经系统退化消失 D．幼虫均为寄生生活11．下列结构中，哪一种不是淋巴器官A．头肾 B．扁桃体 C．脾脏 D．甲状旁腺12．节肢动物循环系统的复杂程度与下列哪些因素密切相关A. 排泄系统的类型 B．陆生还是水生C．跗肢的数量 D．呼吸系统的类型13．下列哪一组动物均有肛门?A．软骨鱼，硬骨鱼，爬行类 B．七鳃鳗，硬骨鱼，狗C. 两栖类，爬行类，鸟类 D．软骨鱼，鸟类，单孔类14．丘脑是指：A．四叠体的前二叶 B．中脑背部 C．间脑侧壁 D.大脑纹状体15．下列哪一组动物均具爪?A．狗，蛇，海马 B．蜥蜴，鲸，蟾蜍C．蛙，鲟鱼，鸡 D．鳄，穿山甲，鹰16．膈肌属于：A．轴上肌 B．轴下肌 C．鳃下肌 D．附肢肌17．下列哪一种陈述是正确的?A．在同样的速度下，马的奔跑和小跑消耗大约相同的能量。

2003年12月全国英语专业八级口试参考答案1. We’ve published some very impressive articles, each month somehow surpassing the quality and depth of the previous month’s edition.2. Our creative and talented staff won five writing awards and seven photographic awards. This year some 119,000 people subscribed to our magazine.3. About six years ago we had an idea for a nature-oriented magazine, but we all had doubts about the general acceptance of the idea, whether there would be enough interest from people to sustain us.4. Today, it’s a wonderful feeling to know that we have succeeded, and everyone here shares the credit for making this magazine what it has become.5. While it is a formidable task for us all, I’m sure that next year at this time we’ll have more awards, and more subscribers, and feel an even greater sense of accomplishment and fulfillment.1. 会议期间，来自不同国家和地区的专家、学者畅所欲言、各抒己见，积极为搞好老城保护和更新献计献策。

2002年专业英语八级考试真题试卷●试卷一(95 min)Part Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (40 min)In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet.SECTION A TALKQuestions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section .At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the talk.1. According to the passage, during the 18th and 19th centuries cities were small in size mainly because ___.A. the urban population was stableB. few people lived in citiesC. transport was backwardD. it was originally planned2. Cities survived in those days largely as a result of ___.A. the trade activities they undertookB. the agricultural activities in the nearby areasC. their relatively small sizeD. the non-economic roles they played3. City dwellers were engaged in all the following economic activitiesEXCEPT ___.A. commerceB. distributionC. processingD. transportation4. Urban people left cities for the following reasons EXCEPT ___.A. more economic opportunitiesB. a freer social and political environmentC. more educational opportunitiesD. a more relaxed religious environment5. Why did the early cities fail to grow as quickly as expected throughout the 18th century?A. Because the countryside attracted more people.B. Because cities did not increase in number.C. Because the functions of the cities changed.D. Because the number of city people was stable.SECTION B INTERVIEWQuestions 6 to 10 are based on an interview .At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following five questions. Now listen to the interview.6. According to Janet, the factor that would most affect negotiations is ___.A. English language proficiencyB. different cultural practicesC. different negotiation tasksD. the international Americanized style7. J anet‟s attitude towards the Americanized style as a model for business negotiations is ___.A. supportiveB. negativeC. ambiguousD. cautious8. Which of the following can NOT be seen as a difference between Brazilian and American negotiators?A. Americans prepare more points before negotiations.B. Americans are more straightforward during negotiations.C. Brazilians prefer more eye contact during negotiations.D. Brazilians seek more background information.9. Which group of people seems to be the most straightforward?A. The British.B. Germans.C. Americans.D. Not mentioned.10. Which of the following is NOT characteristic of Japanese negotiators?A. Reserved.B. Prejudiced.C. Polite.D. Prudent.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTQuestion 11 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the question. Now listen to the news.11. The news item is mainly about ___.A. a call for research papers to be read at the conferenceB. an international conference on traditional Tibetan medicineC. the number of participants at the conference and their nationalitiesD. the preparations made by the sponsors for the international conference Questions 12 and 13 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.12. The news item mainly concerns ___ in Hong Kong.A. Internet centresB. an IBM seminarC. e-governmentD. broadcasting13. The aims of the three policy objectives include all the followingEXCEPT ___.A. improvement of government efficiencyB. promotion of e-commerceC. integration of service deliveryD. formulation of Digital 21 StrategyQuestions 14 and 15 are based on the following news .At the end of the news item , you will be given 30 seconds to answer the questions. Now listen to the news.14. Which of the following records was the second best time of the year by Donovan Bailey?A.9.98.B.9.80.C.9.91.D.9.95.15. The record shows that Bailey was ___.A. still suffering from an injuryB. getting back in shapeC. unable to compete with GreeneD. less confident than beforeSECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLINGFill in each of the gaps with ONE word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. Study Activities in University In order to help college and university students in the process of learning, four key study activities have been designed and used to encourage them to make knowledge their own.1. Essay writing: central focus of university work esp. in thehumanities, e.g.(l) ___.benefits: 1) helping to select interesting content in books and to express understanding.2 ) enabling teachers to know progress and to offer(2) ___.3) familiarizing students with exam forms.2. Seminars and classroom discussion: another form to internalize knowledge in specialized contexts.benefits: 1) (3)___ enables you to know the effectiveness of and others‟ response to your speech immediately.2) Within the same period of time, more topics can be dealt with thanin(4) ___.3) The use of a broader range of knowledge is encouraged.3. Individual tutorials: a substitute for group discussion.format: from teacher (5)___ to flexible conversation.benefit: encouraging ideas and interaction.4. Lectures: a most (6) ___.used study activity.disadvantages: 1 ) less (7)___ than discussions or tutorials.2) more demanding in note-taking.advantages: 1) providing a general (8)___ of a subject under discussion.2) offering more easily understood versions of a theory.3) updating students on (9)___ developments.4) allowing students to follow different (10) ___.1.___2.___3.___4.___5.___6.___7.___8.___9.___10.___Part Ⅱ Proofreading and Error Correction (15 min)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each line contains a maximum of ONE error. In each case, only ONE word is involved. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way. For a wrong word,underline the wrong word and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “∧” sign and write the word you believe to be missing in the blank provided at the end of the line. For an unnecessary word cross out the unnecessary word with a slash “/‟ and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.ExampleWhen∧art museum wants a new exhibit, (1) anit never／buys things in finished form and hangs (2) neverthem on the wall. When a natural history museumwants an exhibition, it must often build it. (3) exhibitThere are great impediments to the general use of a standardin pronunciation comparable to that existing in spelling(orthography). One is the fact that pronunciation is learnt…naturally‟ and unconsciously, and orthography is learnt 1.___deliberately and consciously. Large numbers of us, in fact,remain throughout our lives quite unconscious with what our 2.___speech sounds like when we speak out, and it often comes as a 3.___shock when we firstly hear a recording of ourselves. It is not a 4.___voice we recognize at once, whereas our own handwriting issomething which we almost always know. We begin the 5.___…natural‟ learning of pronunciation long before we start learningto read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously 6.___ imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us formany more hours per every day than we ever have to spend 7.___learning even our difficult English spelling. This is …natural‟,8.___therefore, that our speech-sounds should be those of ourimmediate circle; after all, as we have seen, speech operates as ameans of holding a community and giving a sense of 9.___‟belonging‟. We learn quite early to recognize a ‟stranger‟,someone who speaks with an accent of a different community-perhaps only a few miles far. 10.___Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 min)SECTION A READING COMPREHENSION (30 min)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of fifteenmultiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.TEXT ADo you ever feel as though you spend all your time in meetings?Henry Mintzberg, in his book The Nature of Managerial Work , found that in large organizations managers spent 22 per cent of their time at their desk, 6 percent on the telephone, 3 per cent on other activities, but a whopping 69 per cent in meetings.There is a widely-held but mistaken belief that meetings are for “solving problems” and “making decisions. ” For a start, the number of people attending a meeting tends to be inversely proportional to their collective ability to reach conclusions and make decisions. And these are the least important elements.Instead hours are devoted to side issues, playing elaborate games with one another. It seems, therefore, that meetings serve some purpose other than just making decisions.All meetings have one thing in common: role-playing. The most formal role is that of chairman. He sets the agenda, and a good chairman will keep the meeting running on time and to the point. Sadly, the other, informal role-players are often able to gain the upper hand. Chief is the “constant talker”, who just loves to hear his or her own voice.Then there are the “can‟t do” types who want to maintain the status quo. Since they have often been in the organization for a long time, they frequently quote historical experience as an excuse to block change: “It won‟t work, we tried that last year and it was a disaster.”A more subtle version of the “can‟t do” type, the “yes, but… ” has emerged recently. They have learnt about the need to sound positive, but they still can‟t bear to have things change.Another whole sub-set of characters are people who love meetings and want them to continue until 5:30 pm or beyond. Irrelevant issues are their specialty. They need to call or attend meetings, either to avoid work, or to justify their lack of performance, or simply because they do not have enough to do.Then ther e are the “counter-dependents”, those who usually disagree with everything that is said, particularly if it comes from the chairman or through consensus from the group. These people need to fight authority in whatever form.Meetings can also provide attenders with a sense of identification of their status and power. In this ease, managers arrange meetings as a means of communicating to others the boundaries of their exclusive club: who is “in”, and who is not.Because so many meetings end in confusion and without a decision, another game is played at the end of meetings, called reaching a false consensus. Since it is important for the chairman to appear successful in problem-solving and making a decision, the group reaches a false consensus. Everyone is happy, having spent their time productively. The reality is that the decision is so ambiguous that it is never acted upon, or, if it is, there is continuing conflict, for which another meeting is necessary.In the end, meetings provide the opportunity for social intercourse, to engage in battle in front of our bosses, to avoid unpleasant or unsatisfying work, to highlight our social status and identity. They are, in fact, a necessary though not necessarily productive psychological sideshow. Perhaps it is our civilized way to moderating, if not preventing, change.16. On role-playing, the passage seems to indicate that chairman ___.A. talks as much as participantsB. is usually a “constant talker”C. prefers to take the role of an observerD. is frequently outshone by participants17. Which of the following is NOT a distinct characteristic of the three types of participants?A. Submissiveness.B. Stubbornness.C. Disobedience.D. Lack of focus.18. The passage suggests that a false consensus was reached at the end of a meeting in order to ___.A. make room for another meetingB. bring an illusory sense of achievementC. highlight the importance of a meetingD. go ahead with the agreed programmeTEXT BCooperative competition. Competitive cooperation. Confused? Airline alliances have travellers scratching their heads over what‟ s going on in the skies. Some folks view alliances as a blessing to travellers, offering seamless travel, reduced fares and enhanced frequent-flyer benefits. Others see a conspiracy of big businesses, causing decreased competition, increased fares and fewer choices. Whatever your opinion, there‟s no escaping airline alliances: the marketing hype is unrelenting, with each of the two mega-groupings, Oneworld and Star Alliance, promoting itself as the best choice for all travellers. And, even if you turn away from their ads, chances are they will figure in any of your travel plans. By the end of the year, Oneworld and Star Alliance will between them control more than 40% of the traffic in the sky. Some pundits predict that figure will be more like 75% in 10 years.But why, after years of often ferocious competition, have airlines decided to band together? Let‟s just say the timing is mutually convenient. North American airlines, having exhausted all means of earning customer loyalty at home, have been looking for ways to reach out to foreign flyers. Asian carders are stillhurting from the region-wide economic downturn that began two years ago——just when some of the airlines were taking delivery of new aircraft. Alliances also allow carriers to cut costs and increase profits by pooling manpower resources on the ground (rather than each airline maintaining its own ground crew) and code-sharing——the practice of two partners selling tickets and operating only one aircraft.So alliances are terrific for airlines-but are they good for the passenger? Absolutely, say the airlines: think of the lounges, the joint FFP (frequent flyer programme) benefits, the round-the-world fares, and the global service networks. Then there‟s the promise of “seamless” travel : the ability to, say, travel from Singapore to Rome to New York to Rio de Janiero, all on one ticket, without having to wait hours for connections or worry about your bags. Sounds utopian? Peter Buecking, Cathay Pacific‟ s director of sales and marketing, thinks that seamless travel is still evolving. “It‟s fair to say that t hese links are only in their infancy. The key to seamlessness rests in infrastructure and information sharing. We‟re working on this. ” Henry Ma, spokesperson for Star Alliance in Hong Kong, lists some of the other benefits for consumers: “Global traveller s have an easier time making connections and planning their itineraries.” Ma claims alliances also assure passengers consistent service standards.Critics of alliances say the much-touted benefits to the consumer are mostly pie in the sky, that alliances are all about reducing costs for the airlines, rationalizing services and running joint marketing programmes. Jeff Blyskal, associate editor of Consumer Reports magazine, says the promotional ballyhoo overalliances is much ado about nothing. “I don‟t see much of a gain forconsumers:alliances are just a marketing gimmick. And as far as seamless travel goes, I‟ll believe it when I see it. Most airlines can‟t even get their own connections under control, let alone coordinate with another airline.”Blyskal believes alliances will ultimately result in decreased flight choices and increased costs for consumers. Instead of two airlines competing and each operating a flight on the same route at 70% capacity, the allied pair will share the route and run one full flight. Since fewer seats will be available, passengers will be obliged to pay more for tickets.The truth about alliances and their merits probably lies somewhere between the travel utopia presented by the players and the evil empires portrayed by their critics. And how much they affect you depends on what kind of traveller you are.Those who‟ve already made the elite grade in the FFP of a major airline stand to benefit the most when it joins an alliance: then they enjoy the FFP perks and advantages on any and all of the member carriers. For example, if you‟re a Marco Polo Club “gold” member of Cathay Pacific‟s Asia Miles FFP, you will auto matically be treated as a valuable customer by all members of Oneworld, of which Cathay Pacific is a member—even if you‟ve never flown with them before.For those who haven‟t made the top grade in any FFP, alliances might be a way of simplifying the earning of frequent flyer miles. For example, I belong to United Airline‟s Mileage Plus and generally fly less than 25, 000 miles a year. But I earn miles with every flight I take on Star Alliance member — All Nippon Airways and Thai Airways.If you fly less than I do, you might be smarter to stay out of the FFP game altogether. Hunt for bargains when booking flights and you might be able to save enough to take that extra trip anyway. The only real benefit infrequent flyers can draw from an alliance is an inexpensive round-the-world fare.The bottom line: for all the marketing hype, alliances aren‟t all things to all people-but everybody can get some benefit out of them.19. Which is the best word to describe air travellers‟ reaction to airline alliances?A. Delight.B. Indifference.C. Objection.D. Puzzlement20. According to the passage, setting up airline alliances will chiefly benefit ___.A. North American airlines and their domestic travellersB. North American airlines and their foreign counterpartsC. Asian airlines and their foreign travellersD. Asian airlines and their domestic travellers21. Which of the following is NOT a perceived advantage of alliances?A. Baggage allowance.B. Passenger comfort.C. Convenience.D. Quality.22. One disadvantage of alliances foreseen by the critics is that air travel may be mere expensive as a result of ___.A. less convenienceB. higher operation costsC. less competitionD. more joint marketing23. According to the passage, which of the following categories of travellers will gain most from airline alliances?A. Travellers who fly frequently economy class.B. Travellers who fly frequently business class.C. Travellers who fly occasionally during holidays.D. Travellers who fly economy class once in a while.TEXT CIt is nothing new that English use is on the rise around the world, especially in business circles. This also happens in France, the headquarters of the global battle against American cultural hegemony. If French guys are giving in toEnglish, something really big must be going on. And something big is going on.Partly, it‟s that American hegemony. Didier Benchimol, CEO of a Frenche-commerce software company, feels compelled to speak English perfectly because the Internet software business is dominated by Americans. He and other French businessmen also have to speak English because they want to get their message out to American investors, possessors of the world‟s deepest pockets.The triumph of English in France and elsewhere in Europe, however, may rest on something more enduring. As they become entwined with each other politically and economically, Europeans need a way to talk to one another and to the rest of the world. And for a number of reasons, they‟ve decided upon English as their common tongue.So when German chemical and pharmaceutical company Hoechst merged with French competitor Rhone Poulenc last year, the companies chose the vaguely Latinate Aventis as the new company name—and settled on E nglish as the company‟scommon language. When monetary policymakers from around Europe began meeting at the European Central Bank in Frankfurt last year to set interest rates for the new Euroland, they held their deliberations in English. Even the European Commission, with 11 official languages and a traditionally French-speaking bureaucracy, effectively switched over to English as its working language last year.How did this happen? One school attributes English‟s great success to the sheer weight of its merit. It‟s a Germanic language, brought to Britain around the fifth century A. D. During the four centuries of French-speaking rule that followed Norman Conquest of 1066, the language morphed into something else entirely. French words were added wholesale, and most of the complications of Germanic grammar were shed while few of the complications of French were added. Theresult is a language with a huge vocabulary and a simple grammar that can express most things more efficiently than either of its pa rents. What‟s more, English has remained ungoverned and open to change—foreign words, coinages, and grammatical shifts—in a way that French, ruled by the purist Academic Francaise, has not.So it‟s a swell language, especially for business. But the rise of English over the past few centuries clearly owes at least as much to history and economics as to the language‟s ability to economically express the concept win-win. What happened is that the competition— first Latin, then French, then, briefly, German—faded with the waning of the political, economic, and military fortunes of, respectively, the Catholic Church, France, and Germany. All along, English was increasing in importance: Britain was the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution, and London th e world‟s most important financial centre, which made English a key language for business. England‟s colonies around the world also made it the language with the most global reach. And as that former colony the U. S. rose to the status of the world‟s preem inent political, economic, military, and cultural power, English became the obvious second language to learn.In the 1990s more and more Europeans found themselves forced to use English. The last generation of business and government leaders who had n‟t studied English in school was leaving the stage. The European Community was adding new members and evolving from a paper-shuffling club into a serious regional government that would need a single common language if it were ever to get anything done. Meanwhile, economic barriers between European nations have been disappearing, meaning that more and more companies are beginning tolook at the whole continent as their domestic market. And then the Internetcame along.The Net had two big impacts. One was that it was an exciting, potentially lucrative new industry that had its roots in the U.S., so if you wanted to get in on it, you had to speak some English. The other was that by surfing the Web, Europeans who had previously encountered English only in school and in pop songs were now coming into contact with it daily.None of this means English has taken over European life. According to the European Union, 47% of Western Europeans (including the British and Irish)speakEnglish well enough to carry on a conversation. That‟s a lot more than those who can speak German (32% ) or French (28%), but it still means more Europeans don‟ t speak the language. If you want to sell shampoo or cell phones, you have to do it in French or German or Spanish or Greek. Even the U. S. and British media companies that stand to benefit most from the spread of English have been hedging their bets—CNN broadcasts in Spanish; the Financial Times has recently launched a daily German-language edition.But just look at who speaks English: 77% of Western European college students, 69% of managers, and 65% of those aged 15 to 24. In the secondary schools of the European Union‟s non-English-speaking countries, 91 % of students study English, all of which means that the transition to English as the language of European business hasn‟t been all that traumatic, and it‟s only going to get easier in the future.24. In the author‟s opinion, what really underlies the rising status of English in France and Europe is ___.A. American dominance in the Internet software businessB. a practical need for effective communication among EuropeansC. Europeans‟ eagerness to do business with American businessmenD. the recent trend for foreign companies to merge with each other25. Europeans began to favour English for all the following reasonsEXCEPT its ___.A. inherent linguistic propertiesB. association with the business worldC. links with the United StatesD. disassociation from political changes26. Which of the following statements forecasts the continuous rise of English in the future?A. About half of Western Europeans are now proficient in English.B. U. S. and British media companies are operating in Western Europe.C. Most secondary school students in Europe study English.D. Most Europeans continue to use their own language.27. The passage mainly examines the factors related to ___.A. the rising status of English in EuropeB. English learning in non-English-speaking E. U. nationsC. the preference for English by European businessmenD. the switch from French to English in the European CommissionTEXT DAs humankind moves into the third millennium, it can rightfully claim to have broken new ground in its age-old quest to master the environment. The fantastic achievements of modern technology and the speed at which scientific discoveries are translated into technological applications attest to the triumph of human endeavour.At the same time, however, some of these applications threaten to unleash forces over which we have no control. In other words, the new technology man now believes allows him to dominate this wider cosmos could well be a Frankenstein monster waiting to turn on its master.This is an entirely new situation that promises to change many of the perceptions governing life on the planet. The most acute challenges facing the future are likely to be not only those pitting man against his fellow man, but those involving humankind‟s struggle to preserve the enviro nment and ensure the sustainability of life on earth.A conflict waged to ensure the survival of the human species is bound to bring humans closer together. Technological progress has thus proved to be a double-edged sword, giving rise to a new form of conflict: a clash between Man and Nature.The new conflict is more dangerous than the traditional one between man and his fellow man, where the protagonists at least shared a common language. But when it comes to the reactions of the ecosystems to the onslaught of modern technology, there is no common language.Nature reacts with weather disturbances, with storms and earthquakes,with mutant viruses and bacteria—that is, with phenomena having no apparentcause and effect relationship with the modern technology that supposedly triggers them.As technology becomes ever more potent and nature reacts ever more violently, there is an urgent need to rethink how best to deal with the growing contradictions between Man and Nature.For a start, the planet, and hence all its inhabitants, must be perceived as an integral whole, not as a dichotomous mass divided geographically into the rich and developed and the poor and underdeveloped.Today, globalization encompasses the whole world and deals with it as an integral unit. It is no longer possible to say that conflict has shifted from its traditional east-west axis to a north-south axis. The real divide today is between summit and base, between the higher echelons of the international politicalstructure and its grassroots level, between governments and NGOs, between state and civil society, between public and private enterprise.The mesh structure is particularly obvious on the Internet. While it is true that to date the Internet seems to be favouring the most developed sectors of the international community over the less developed, this need not always be the case. Indeed, it could eventually overcome the disparities between the privileged and the underdeveloped.On the other hand, the macro-world in which we live is exposed to distortions because of the unpredictable side-effects of a micro-world we do not and cannot totally control.This raises the need for a global system of checks and balances, for mandatory rules and constraints in our dealings with Nature, in short, for a new type of veto designed to manage what is increasingly becoming a main contradiction of our time: the one between technology and ecology.A new type of international machinery must be set in place to cope with the new challenges. We need a new look at the harnessing of scientific discoveries, to maximize their positive effects for the promotion of humanity as a whole and to minimize their negative effects. We need an authority with veto powers to forbid。