现在完成时态专题(二)

英语时态之现在完成时一、什么是时态时态就是表示一个动作发生的时间和所处的状态。

“时”就是这个动作发生的“时间”；“态”就是这个动作在某个时刻的“状态”。

二、时间的定义英语中把时间分为三类，即：过去现在将来三、状态的定义状态指的是在某个时刻这个动作所处于的状态。

动词共有四类状态，分别为：一般式、进行式、完成式和进行完成式。

1.一般式表示经常发生的动作，其动词形式为do例：I often get up at 7.我经常在七点钟起床。

2.进行式表示正在进行的动作，其动词形式为“be动词+ doing”例：She is singing a French song.她正在唱一首法语歌。

3.完成式表示对“之前发生动作”的一个总结，其动词形式为“have + done”例：They have found the missing child.他们找到那个失踪的孩子了。

4.完成进行式表示对“正在进行动作”的一个总结，其动词形式“have + been + doing”例：I have been reading books for two hours.我已经连续读书两个小时了。

四．现在完成时（has\have done)(一)、完成时态的核心含义：完成时态的核心意义就是表示“回顾”即从一个时间点回顾到另外一个时间点，因此完成时态必定涉及前后两个时间。

(二)、现在完成时态表示的是一个横跨前后两个时间点的事件，其结构：have\has + done(三)、现在完成时态的讲解1.现在完成时中延续动作与时间状语的关系:谓语是延续的所以时间状语也必须是延续的。

例：I have learned English for over ten years now ,but I still can not speak it well.I have been married for over a year .I am happily married.注意：在现在完成时态中常用以下两个结构引导时间(1).Since + 时间点或从句Man has lived in fear of fire since time began.(2)For + 时间段Great changes have taken place in Beijing for the past few years.常见的用在现在完成时态当中的时间短语有：in the past fewyears ,over the past few years ,during the last three months, for the last few centuries,through centuries 和throughout history2.现在完成时态中过去发生的动作重复到现在还可能重复下去。

现在完成时态专练（二）一、单项选择题 1. —Do you know the movie Coming Home? —Yes. I A. saw B. see C. have seen D. will see 2. —Lunch? ―No, thanks. I . A. will eat B. am eating C. have eaten 3. —Where is Tom? We can't find him anywhere.— Perhaps he it twice. It's moving. D. ate home.A. has gotB. is gettingC. gotD. was getting 4. —How long have youthe football team of the school? —About 2 years. A. been on B. been at C. joined D. played5. —I have already finished my homework. When youA. have; finishedB. do; finishC. will; finish 6. Mr. Green in China since 5 years ago.A. livedB. has livedC. lives 7. I a letter from him since he left.A. didn't receiveB. haven 51 gotC. didn't have8. There great changes in our country for two years.A. wereB. hasC. has been D have been 9. I haven ’t seen you last Saturday. A. for B. since C. from 10. —How long have you taught in this school? — . A. In 1995 B. Since 1995 C. 8 years agoD. Since 8 years 11. N either you nor Hans to the Great Wall before.A. have goneB. has goneC. has beenD. have been 12. —Have you to Hawaii? —Yes. I there last Spring. A. been; have been B. gone; went C. gone; have been D. been, went 13. —Where is Mr. Green?—Oh, he Canada. A. has been to B. has gone to C. have gone to D. have been to 14. When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away 15. The factory since the February of 1988.A. has been openB. has openedC. was open16. Have you met Mr. Li? A. just B. ago C. before 17. His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university18. Both his parents look sad. Maybe they what's happened to him.A. knewB. have knownC. must knowD. will know 19. How long has his brother the book? A. kept B. bought C . lent D. borrowed 20. Where you ? I haven ’t seen you these days. A. have; gone B. have; gone to C. have; been D. have; been to 21. How longyour father Shanghai? A. did; come B. has; go to C. has; been to D. has; been init?D did; finishD. will live D. haven't heard D. afterD. had been away D. opened D. a moment ago二、用单词的正确形式填空1. —I just _____________ (come) back from the bus station.——When ________ you (go) there?2.The boy is happy now because he (sell) out all the newspapers.3.Miss Green (teach) us English last year. She (teach) us for about 2 years.4.I (not go) to the cinema tonight because I (see) the film before.5.Mr. Brown (make) a lot of friends since he(come) to work in New York two years ago.i6.Wait here, please. The train yet.(not arrive)7.Because of his heart problem, the man ___________________ (not drink) so far.8.The couple (marry) for thirty years.9.We (not see) each other for a long time.10.He (hide) his unfinished homework from his parents just.11.Tom's parents China for England already.(leave)12.Half an hour (pass) since they (hang) out with their friends.13.It’s her third time that she (win) the first prize in the singing competition.14.The whole class including their head teacher (lie) on the grass for all the afternoon to enjoy the sunshine.15.—Tom (write) the article yet?—No, he (not wake) up yet. He is still in bed.16.This is (fun) person we (meet).三、句型转换1.I have ever been to Dalian with my parents.(改为一般疑问句)you ever to Dalian with your parents.2.I have studied English since two years ago.(对划线部分提问)have you been studying English?3.He has already gone home.(否定句)He home .4.He has been there twice. (对划线部分提问)he been there?5.Has your brother made a speech yet?(做否定回答)No, he ./No, .6.My parents have ever taken a plane.(变否定句)My parents taken a plane.7.Mr. Brown has gone to the Great Wall.(对划线部分提问)Mr. Brown gone?8.I joined the army two years ago.(同义句)I a soldier two years.9.She went to Shanghai one month ago.(同义句)She Shanghai for one month.10.He finished his work three weeks ago.(同义句)The work ______________ three weeks ago.11.Lily borrowed the book from the library four days ago.(同义句)Lily the book from the library four days.12.Tom hasn't been to Qingdao. I haven't been to Qingdao, either.(同义句)Tom hasn't been to Qingdao，I.13.Mr. Smith isn't here. He went to the library.(同义句)Mr. Smith to the library.14.Miss Gao left an hour ago.(同义句)Miss Gao for an hour.15.The movie started three minutes ago.(同义句)The movie three minutes.The movie three minutes ago.16.你哥哥骑过马吗？(汉译英)your brother a horse?17.那是他第一次放风筝。

现在完成时精讲和练习（附答案）一、现在完成时的六种常用情景：（一）表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，1、The car has arrived。

车子来了。

（对现在结果的影响是：车子已在门口）2、Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。

（对现在结果的影响是：窗户仍破着）3、It’s so dark。

Someone has turned off the light.这里很黑，有人刚把灯关了。

（对现在结果的影响是：现在很黑）4、Are you free? I have finished my homework. I am free.你有空吗？我已经做完了家庭作业。

我有空。

（我已经完成了家庭作业,对现在影响是：很有空）。

（二）表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。

一般会和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用。

如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。

这时表示持续动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词。

1、My uncle has worked at this factory for five years。

我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

2、Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002。

自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。

3、How long have you been here?你来这里多久了？4、I have learnt English for more than ten years。

我已经学了10多年的英语。

(从10年前开始,持续到现在)5、She has swum since half an hour ago。

我已经游泳了半个小时。

(半个小时前开始，到现在还在游) （三）经验性用法：表示从过去开始到目前为止这段时间中反复发生的动作或多次出现的状态。

第二讲：现在完成时态肯定句：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词的过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）1.现在完成时用来表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果。

也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在，强调的是现在。

I have already posted the photo.我已经邮寄出了照片。

与此种用法连用的时间状语时一些模糊的过去时间状语，如already（肯定句句中）, yet（否定句/疑问句句尾）, just, before, recently,still, lately,never等。

2.现在完成时也可用来表示动作或状态发生在过去某一时刻，持续到现在并且有可能会继续持续下去。

He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。

(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。

)此种用法常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用。

谓语动词必须是延续性动词。

有些瞬间动词可变为延续动词：go out----be outfinish----be overopen----be opendie----be deadbuy---havefall ill---be illcome back----be backcatch a cold----have a cold现在完成时的常见用法对于现在完成时的考查，多以单选、句型转换或词语运用的形式考查学生在具体语境中灵活运用时态的能力。

在考试中，会让大家判断是否该用现在完成时，或者是考查“瞬间动词”不能与表示一段时间的状语连用”这一知识点。

典型例题His father_____the party since 1978.A.joinedB.has joinedC.was inD.has been in答案：D【解析】本题考查学生对现在完成时的熟练掌握。

时态专题之现在完成时第一部分：现在完成时概述现在完成时的结构：现在完成时的结构是“ have / has+ 动词的过去分词”。

过去分词的变化分规则与不规则两种。

规则变化与过去式相同，不规则变化需要另记。

现在完成时的用法：1）过去发生或已经完成的动作或存在的状态对现在造成的影响或结果。

（即它的＂完成用法＂）e.g. I have just cleaned the classroom.2)过去已经开始，一直持续到现在的动作或状态。

注意：此时动作可能还要继续。

（即它的＂未完成用法＂）。

E.g. He has lived in Beijing for ten years.现在完成时的句型变换A. 现在完成时的否定句是在have / has后边加not，变一般疑问句是把have / has提前。

E.g. I have ridden a horse.I have not ridden a horse.Have you ridden a horse?B.现在完成时的时间状语通常为already, just, yet, ever, never, before等。

另外还可和since+表过去的时间点，for+时间段连用。

做题时常见错误如下：一、易丢掉have / has例：He taken (take) the medicine before.Correction：________________解析：have/has 为助动词，起构成时态的作用，是不能省略的。

二、have与has易用混例：I has never heard (hear) of that before.Correction：________________解析：现在完成时与一般现在时一样也有单三人称的变化，当单三人称作主语时用has, 一般人称作主语时用have．三、延续性动词与短暂性动词易弄错例：She has left (离开) for 2 hours.Correction：________________解析：在肯定句中，与since或for引出的时间状语连用的是延续性动词，不能是短暂性动词，但在否定句中短暂性动词也是可以的。

现在完成时讲解一．基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词(done)二．句型：否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.简略答语:Yes,主语+have/has.(肯定)No,主语+haven't/hasn't.(否定)三．用法（1）现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果I have spent all of my money(so far).(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)Guo zijun has(just/already)come.(含义：郭子君现在在这儿)My father has gone to work.(含义是:我爸爸现在不在这儿)（2）现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.①f or+时段②s ince+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）③s ince+时段+ago④s ince+从句（过去时）●⑤I t is+时段+since+从句（过去时）Mary has been ill for three days.I have lived here since1998.四．has gone(to),has been(to),has been(in)的区别Have/Has gone(to):去了(现在不在说话现场)Where is your father？H e has gone to Shanghai.Have/Has been(to):去过（已不在去过的地方）My father has been to Shanghai.Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）My father has been in Shanghai for two months./sin ce two months ago.五．现在完成时的标志1.现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响,用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义:*以already,just和yet为标志He has already got her help.他已得到她的帮助。

关于现在完成时态的英语作文(2)现在完成时的英语作文篇四When we have something annoy us, we will naturally to find someone to talk about it, the first choice is friend. We will not talk about it in front of our parents, because we dont want them to worry about us. Friend is so important in our life, we have many friends, we will share our happiness and sorrow with them, we hang out together, in a word, friends are part of our life. What will happened if someone have no friend? We hear from the news that the crime people are isolated by others, most of them have no friends, their view point about the world is distorted. Without friends, people have no where to relieve their emotion, the long times depression of the emotion distract people from the normal life. So friends are very important, we cant live without friends.当我们有烦恼的时候，自然地，我们会找人来谈谈，朋友是第一选择。