p. 49 Dr. Hohn Lott 在《枪支与犯罪》一书中的研究结果受到到众人的一致质疑，包括那些支持或者反对枪支管制问题的人，Gary Kleck 是其中一员。一个民意调查机构在最近的一项调查中指出，如果你曾经认为更多的人拥有枪支能减少犯罪的发生，那么你就大错特错了。我们认为Dr.Lott的研究对大规模枪击事件中个人随身私藏的枪支的防范作用没做任何说明。现在，尽管Dr. Lott说幼童中很少发生和枪支有关的意外死亡事件，但一个显而易见的事实是: 那些死亡事件本身是可预见并且可防患于未然的。我们都知道，枪支的设计使得几乎年仅三四岁的孩子都能扣动每一只手枪。这种设计上的缺陷是枪支制造业心知肚明的事。而且这样的设计实在是无任何道理可言。另外一个事实是，那些拥有枪支的父母，有三分之一的人未把枪支锁好，有一半则把枪支装上子弹。当然，枪支拥有者没有任何理由在家里存放那些子弹已上膛的枪支，也不应该使孩子们有机会接触到那些随意摆放的枪支。《女性与枪支》杂志的特约编辑Lyn Bates 认为，那些用于自卫的枪支，应该存放到有锁的盒子中，而且打开盒子时不应让孩子们看到。Dr. Lotte 提到了给孩子们灌输枪支概念的问题。NRA也持同样的立场，因为他们要以此兜售自己推行的“Eddie Eagle”项目。不管是Dr.Lott 还是NRA, 两者立场的错误之处在于他们把枪支安全的责任强加到了孩子们的肩上。实际上，责任人应该是那些因枪支存放不当而导致枪支被非法使用的人，当然枪支制造商也难逃其咎，因为他们还在继续设计那些任何孩子都能轻易扳动的枪支。
1. It is difficult to comprehend why she is adopting such a position on this issue, which certainly runs counter to the belief that she has consistently held/upheld.
2. He did concede in court that he visited the victim’s residence the day of the murder, but he immediately rejoined that his visit had been eight hours before the murder. What was worse, he had enlisted the victim’s mother for help and she had agreed to appear in court as his witness.
3. It is likely that encouraging an uncontrolled increase of private cars will have little effect on the improvement of the living conditions in cities. In effect, it could contribute to the worsening of environmental pollution.
4. The defense lawyer points out that the court should not deprive the accused of his right for further self-defense; as opposed to cases of the similar nature, the punishment that the prosecution requests be meted out is also, in effect, too severe.
5. The local government has made a decision to convert this deserted parking lot into an urban garden. The project is now well underway.
p. 71 美国人对好莱坞由来已久的浪漫情怀已然终结。对千千万万的美国观众而言，好莱坞这一娱乐业已失去了曾经的吸引力，令人叹为观止的想象力也不复存在，电影带来的欢声笑语已成过往，甚至人们都不再把电影当作娱乐消遣。电影这种大众文化已被视为冷酷无情的敌人，它扭曲了人们的基本价值观，对孩子的健康成长构成极大的威胁。曾经的好莱坞梦工厂如今已堕落为毒药工厂。
一次又一次的民意调查佐证了人们对好莱坞的失望和摒弃态度。1990年公布的美联社的一次调查结果表明，80%的美国人反感动画片中充斥的粗俗语言，82% 反对泛滥成灾的暴力镜头，72% 发对影片中大量的色情画面，而高达四分之三的人感叹今天的电影业已日落西山，今不如昔.
1.I really would like to know why your parents object to our marriage, since they have
made it clear that their decision has nothing to do with the financial situation of my family.
2.I believe that you are still missing the point. they think that you lavish money on things
that are not worth of your spending passion. or, not to put too fine a point on it, they see you as a good-for-nothing.
3.You see how he is pigging out on that burger. It looks like that he has not eaten anything
for days.
4.Ever since her son died of an overdose of drugs, she has been intent on revenge and she
has been coming after those drug dealers, hoping that she will be able to help the police track down and capture the criminals who sell drugs around the school.
5.It should be pointed out that tin considering this project, we should not only aim at the
company’s profits but should also take into account our obligations to the city’s development.
6.It seems the Board of Trustees does not quite know how to remove the heavy debts from
the company. Can you come up with any good ideas?
7.I bet you that once he gets the upper hand, he will force all his competitors out of this
market.
8.It is amazing how a small fishing village could have been transformed into a modernized
city of gardens.
P. 95
在加州大学洛杉矶分校我曾经问遇见的一位黑人学生，他是否因为自己是名黑人学生很受伤，或者说深感自卑，他表现得有点局促不安。深思熟虑之后他很肯定地说：“我觉得自己确实有这种感受。”他告诉我说，他曾近参加过一门有300多名学生的大课，大约有50多名黑人学生坐在教室的后排，其言行举止和书中描述的黑人的典型表现如出一辙。他们在教室里肆无忌惮高声喧哗、不顾场合随意吃零食，要么干脆姗姗来迟，而且他们的学习成绩普遍比不上白人学生。
“我知道在别人眼里我和他们一模一样，我讨厌这种感觉，所以我从来不和他们坐在一起。”“什么地方和他们一样？”我问到，尽管答案不言而喻。
“在别人的眼里，我们黑人学生不仅懒惰、无知，而且愚不可及。”他的语气充满忧伤。
如果坐在教室后排的是白人学生，绝不会有人认为他们是笨蛋或傻瓜。一个白人学生可能会担心他的成绩不好，但他绝不会担心别人把他和其他白人学生“物以类聚”。
那位黑人学生所处的环境令人不寒而栗之处在于：隐藏在他内心的那种担忧很可能会噩梦成真，对黑人的不实之言很可能会得到佐证，而且他的羞愧感和耻辱感不是因为他个人的言行举止，而仅仅因为他是名黑人学生。在那门大课上，完全不是因为他个人的表现，而是因为身为黑人这一事实，可能使他蒙受四种难以言表的情感折磨----自卑感、改变白人学生偏见的责任感、对偏见无能为力的无助感，以及最终陷入的羞耻感。这些情感构成了那位黑人学生的种族焦虑，那也是任何一所大学里黑人学生所遭受的种族焦虑。
1.Although she is handicapped, her academic performance far exceeds that of other students in
her class.
2.China enjoys a huge geographical space and rich natural resources. However, its different
regions are imbalanced in economic development due to historical reasons. This is not a
problem that has surfaced only recently. The government leadership began some time ago calling attention to the increasing gap in wealth between the eastern region and the western region. “ Develop the West”----this strategy was devised after years of efforts to grope for a solution.
3.Having read the annual reports of the two companies, I am under the impression that the gap
between them cannot simply be measured in terms of their finance. Company A focuses on the changing market and constantly adjusts their internal structure. In the case of Company B, the losses reported year after year are primarily attributable to the conservative thinking on the part of its management.
4.Because the couple set their mind on having a son, they have given birth to five children
ranging from the 11-years-old to the youngest who is only two months old.
5.The students I teach in this class fall into three categories: those who are resourceful, those
who are moderately resourceful but work very hard, and those who are neither resourceful nor hard-working. I am worried the most for those in the third category.
p. 116 那晚我喝了个痛痛快快。酒精慢慢治愈了我严重受损的自尊，之后我开始回忆这几天发生的一切。最终，我意识到那些长达几个世纪之久早已为人们普遍接受的有关狼性的说法显然是大错特错，而我也曾经对狼有如此的成见。在这不到一周的时间里我三次和狼一家狭路相逢，每次我都完全处于这些所谓的“野蛮杀手”的掌控之中，但每次它们都没有任何想把我撕成碎片的想法，而是表现出一种近似于蔑视的克制，甚至是当我入侵它们的领地，已似乎对狼崽直接构成威胁的时候。
证据已显而易见，然而有点奇怪的是，我却依然不太愿意放弃以往的那些偏见。毫无疑问，部分原因是，我认为一旦抛弃以往对狼性的那些看法，我可能会背离科学的研究态度。还有部分原因是，我明白，一旦接受真相，我的研究工作就没有了危险和挑战，而这正是这份工作的乐趣所在。还有部分原因，但并非最不重要的原因是，我不愿意接受这样的一个事实：在一群低等动物的眼里，而非同事的眼里，我竟然是一个不折不扣的傻瓜蛋。
1.When a few of her fellow villagers tempted her, she quit school six months before her middle
School graduation and came to the South to look for employment. At first, she worked as a waitress in a restaurant. But to her chagrin, she found that her parents had spoiled her to the extent that she had become almost a useless person. She would work busily all day and would still get herself into messy situations. In the morning she would feel exhausted. What bothered her most was that she was always under the observation of her boss’s wife. However, she knew that she wasn’t exactly at home and she was at the mercy of the boss. She refrained herself from losing her temper. A few months later, the fact that she was an honest and hardworking waitress was borne in upon the mind of her boss. People began to see smile on her face.
2.The first factory he started had only two dozen of workers and the factory produced
parts(spare parts) for tractors. Since the products were not exactly new, the prospects of expanding the scope of production were dismal. Several times, he thought of giving up. |But he knew that giving up would mean that his efforts of several years would go down the drain.
Then, he changed the line of business to the production of parts for refrigerators and was soon able to keep his feet on the ground.
3.She is always the last one to leave the office. Today, when she had put things in order and was
on the point of locking the door, the telephone rang. The boss phoned in to ask her to stay and to do overtime work. She felt that the boss should be more sensitive to the needs of a single parent like herself. After all, en route home after work, she always has to go to the supermarket to buy food she and her son need for the following day. Alas, this is just another day of bad luck.
P．137 《独立宣言》发表于黑人和女性无法享有任何政治和社会活动权利的时代，而这些权利杰弗逊本已打算撰写在《独立宣言》中。这一史实例证了美国民众一直困惑不解的一个问题来源，即：天赋人权的理论意义与美国现实中的法律体制和社会价值观为何存在巨大差异，而后者本应是前者的充分体现？在今日美国，这两者之间如影随形、难以消弭的差异常常使人们愤世嫉俗、悲观绝望，但如果我们从杰斐逊主义的角度来看待这个问题，就会把注意力转向那些在缩小这两者差异方面已取得的巨大成就。杰弗逊本人毕生坚定相信差距必然缩小。他认为世界在稳步前进，不仅物质财富持续增加，道德水平也不断提高，这一坚定信念彰显于他的众多著作中。尽管有时人们批评他的这一想法过于天真，他仍然充分相信这一信念预见了风起云涌的社会及政治变革的未来。七十三岁退休时，他对一位记者说道：“法律和制度与人类的思想进步是息息相关、相辅相成的。”
1. One way of looking at American history from Jefferson’s day down to our own is as the series of changes and adjustments in our laws and institutions necessitated by the ideals implicit in Jefferson’s Declaration. Sometimes the effect of these ideals has been simply to prevent other, incompatible deals from gaining ascendancy, as in the case of Social Darwinism, whose notions of the natural inferiority of certain racial and social groups were impeded by the prevalence and familiarity of the Declaration’s precepts. But without doubt the most important event in the development of the American ideals of equality, after Jefferson’s Declaration, was Abraham Lincoln’s address at Gettysburg. Lincoln declared that not only the essential meaning of the Civil War but also the national purpose itself was epitomized in Jefferson’s phrase “all men are created equal.”
2. One way of judging the American history from Jefferson’s time to today is to regard this period as a series of changes and adjustments in our laws and institutions, which were conducted in order to realize the ideals represented by Jefferson’s Declaration. Sometimes, the effects of these ideals have prevented other different ideals from developing, one of which is Social Darwinism. Its theories of the natural inferiority of certain racial and social groups were prevented from becoming popular because the precepts of Declaration have been widely accepted. But without doubt the most important event in the development of the American ideals of equality, after Jefferson’s Declaration, was Abraham Lincoln’s address at Gettysburg. Lincoln declared that not only the essential meaning of the Civil War but also the national purpose itself was epitomized in Jefferson’s phrase “all men are created equal.”
p. 159 那些反对死刑的人常常借用《十诫》中的第六诫来证明死刑早已是上帝明令禁止的。然而，在用希伯来语写的《旧约》中的第六诫这样写到：“汝不可杀生”，而且《旧约》中的
律法明确规定了哪些不端行为应该处以极刑。这些律法一直受到历史上众多哲学家的推崇。十九世纪的伟大思想家，如康德、洛克、霍布斯、卢梭、孟德斯鸠和米尔，都一致赞同自然法则赋予国家权力机构为维护正义而剥夺他人生命的权力。对此，只有英国哲学家杰里米边沁模棱两可，不置可否。而美国几任总统华盛顿、杰弗逊、富兰克林都签署并立法认可死刑。阿伯拉罕林肯甚至下令对战场上的逃兵格杀勿论。法国政治家托克维尔极为赞赏美国的政治体制，他认为死刑对维护社会秩序起着不可或缺的重要作用。美国宪法这一人类史上的杰出成就早已得到世人的广泛认可。它严厉谴责任何残忍的、非人道的惩罚措施，但死刑并不在此之列。
Until recently, only a handful of executions occurred every year. There was a period in which the Supreme Court had overturned the capital sentence in fourteen out of fifteen cases. But after that period, during the mid-1980s, in the wake of four adverse Supreme Court decisions, the engine of death acquired new steam. In 1984 alone, there were twenty-one executions (almost twice as many as in all of the years following Gregg); 1985 and 1986 saw eighteen apiece, and the body count continues to grow. That being so, if our next governor permits the enactment of capital statues, the Court will surely not “veto” them.
Unit One 核心员工的特征 大卫·G．詹森1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。 在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。”
Unit5 An Alpine Divorce 1.John Bodman was a man who was always at one extreme or the other. This probably would have mattered little had he not married a wife whose nature was an exact duplicate of his own. 1约翰?伯德曼是一个常常走极端的人。这本来应该没什么，但可惜，他妻子的性格整个儿是他的翻版。 2.Doubtless there exists in this world precisely the right woman for any given man to marry and vice versa; but when you consider that one human being has the opportunity of being acquainted with only a few hundred people, and out of the few hundred that there are but a dozen or less whom one knows intimately, and out of the dozen, one or two close friends at most, it will easily be seen, when we remember the number of millions who inhabit this world, that probably, since the Earth was created, the right man has never yet met the right woman. The mathematical chances are all against such a meeting, and this is the reason that divorce courts exist. Marriage at best is but a compromise, and if two people happen to be united who are of an uncompromising nature there is bound to be trouble. 2毋庸置疑，对于任何一个男人，这世上总会有一个相当合适的女人能和他成家，反之亦然。但是如果你考虑一下:每个人仅有机会结识几百个人而已，在这几百个人之中熟知的只有那么干几人甚至更少，在这十几个人之中又最多只有一两个知心朋友;别忘了，居住在这世上的人有多少个百万，因此显而易见:自地球存在以来，这合适的男人极有可能从来就没有遇到过他那个合适的女人。。从概率上来讲，这样相遇的机会微乎其微，这也正是离婚法庭存在的原因。婚姻充其量不过是一种妥协，而如果恰好两个个性上互不妥协的人结合了，那就肯定会有麻烦。 3.In the lives of these two young people there was no middle distance. The result was bound to be either love or hate, and in the case of Mr. and Mrs. Bodman it was hate of the most bitter and egotistical kind. 3对于两个这样的年轻人来说，生活没有什么中间点，其结局注定要么是爱，要么是恨，而就伯德曼夫妇而言，他们到头来有的是那种最刻骨、最傲慢的恨。 4.In some parts of the world, incompatibility of temper is considered a just cause for obtaining a divorce, but in England no such subtle distinction is made, and so until the wife became criminal, or the man became both criminal and cruel, these two were linked together by a bond that only death could sever.' Nothing can be worse than this state of things, and the matter was only made the more hopeless by the fact that Mrs. Bodman lived a blameless life, while her husband was no worse than the majority of men. Perhaps, however, that statement held only up to a certain point, for John Bodman had reached a state of mind in which he resolved to get rid of his wife at all hazards. If he had been a poor man he would probably have deserted her, but he was rich, and a man cannot freely leave a prospering business because his domestic life happens not to be happy. 4在这世界上的某些地方，夫妻性情不合就能够成为离婚的正当理由，但是在英格兰，并没有如此微妙的区分，所以除非妻子犯罪，或丈夫犯罪并且为人残暴，否则两者的婚姻关系将一直维系下去，直至死神将他们分开。没有什么比这种事情更糟糕的了，而更令人绝望的是伯德曼太太为人无可厚非，而她丈夫也并不比一般男人差。然而，也许上面的表述只能说在某种程度上是正确的，因为约翰?伯德曼已经忍无可忍，下定决心不管付出什么代价也要摆脱他的妻子。如果他是个穷人，也许他会抛弃她，但是他很富有，而一个人不能因为家庭生活碰巧不幸就轻易放弃一份蒸蒸日上的事业。 5.When a man's mind dwells too much on one subject, no one can tell just how far he will go.
2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析 考研历年真题一定要用好，研究好。结合大纲和真题来选择辅导用书是最明智的。本文带大家回顾2019考研英语一真题翻译参考答案及解析： Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the medical journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realised just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was. I came to recognise various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anaemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lay press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms. Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s open science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it. What is important is not truth, but publication, which has become almost an end in itself. There has been a kind of inflationary process at work: (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity int o the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the number of times a paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature, the assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publications, or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favours. Boiling down an individual’s o utput to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science is both meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science. 46-50参考答案及解析：
1.Can We Know the Universe? - Reflections on a Grain of Salt Carl Sagan Science is a way of thinking much more than it is a body of knowledge. Its goal is to find out how the world works, to seek what regularities there may be, to penetrate to the connections of things - from sub-nuclear particles, which may be the constituents of all matter, to living organisms, the human social community, and thence to the cosmos as a whole. Our intuition is by no means an infallible guide. Our perceptions may be distorted by training and prejudice or merely because of the limitations of our sense organs, which, of course, perceive directly but a small fraction of the phenomena of the world. Even so straightforward a question as whether in the absence of friction a pound of lead falls faster than a grain of fluff was answered incorrectly by Aristotle and almost everyone else before the time of Galileo. Science is based on experiment, on a willingness to challenge old dogma, on an openness to see the universe as it really is. Accordingly, science sometimes requires courage-at the very least, the courage to question the conventional wisdom. But to what extent can we really know the universe around us? Sometimes this question is posed by people who hope the answer will be in the negative, who are fearful of a universe in which everything might one day be known. And sometimes we hear pronouncements from scientists who confidently state that everything worth knowing will soon be known - or even is already known. Let us approach a much more modest question: not whether we can know the universe or the Milky Way Galaxy or a star or a world. Can we know ultimately and in detail, a grain of salt? Consider one microgram of table salt, a speck just barely large enough for someone with keen eyesight to make out without a microscope. In that grain of salt there are about 1016 sodium and chlorine atoms. This is a 1 followed by 16 zeros, 10 million billion atoms. If we wish to know a grain of salt, we must know at least the three-dimensional positions of each of these atoms. (In fact, there is much more to be known - for example, the nature of the forces between the atoms - but we are making only a modest calculation.) Now, is this number more or less than the number of things which the brain can know? How much can the brain know? There are perhaps 1011 neurons in the brain, the circuit elements and switches that are responsible in their electrical and chemical activity for the functioning of our minds. A typical brain neuron has perhaps a thousand little wires, called dendrites, which connect it with its fellows. If, as seems likely, every bit of information in the brain corresponds to one of these connections, the total number of things knowable by the brain is no more than 1014, one hundred trillion. But this number is only one percent of the number of atoms in our speck of salt.
2020年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 2017年考研英语考试已经结束!出国留学考研网在考后第一时间 为大家提供2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析，更多考研资讯 请关注我们网站的更新! 2017年考研英语一翻译真题及答案解析 英语1文章明显偏学术，今年考察英语语言发展情况，文章选的英国文化教育协会，是雅思出题组织者。它的主席叫大卫格兰多的 一本书，叫《英语下一步》，他讲到整本书意思是英语将走向何处。 很有意思的是主席曾经这本书里说到了中文将以后成为世界语言。英语1考题作为序言部分作为考题。 今年英语1总体难度和去年相比，刚刚过去2016年考研题稳中 有一点点上升，没有任何难句出现，只是长句。我认为稳中上升。 第一句话有一个单词难一点，(英文)，英语全球性主导地位。翻译里没有考过。(英文)主导地位考过，但是是阅读里经常出现，翻 译都是可以的。这句话基本意思说到了，说英语的人进一步扩大， 这是一个(英文)状语从句。后面跟着有迹象表明，是主句，表明的 迹象是什么呢?从句，英语全球性主导地位在可预见地位将减弱。 fade(英文)略微有难度。我对考研阅读没有那么熟，但是2000 年出现过。如果按照新东方老师关注的精读方法来学习有很好的效果。 第二句话讲到了大卫这个人分析，会终结一些人的(英文)，他们或许会认为英语全球性地位是如此稳定。他们有一次词，是(英语) 如此稳定，英国年轻一代不需要额外学习其他的语言能力。但是会 终结年轻一代的能力。 但是组织的时候要注意一下，有些人认为英语语言地位如此稳定，英国年轻人没有必要学习什么，但是大卫的观点会终结这些人的想法。语序颠倒一下会更好。
现代大学英语精读翻译 Revised by Hanlin on 10 January 2021
第三课 T1. Today we are in the throes of a worldwide reformation of cultures, a tectonic shift of habits and dreams called, in the curious vocabulary of social scientists, “globalization”. (Para.1)今天我们正经历着一种世界范围文化剧变的阵痛,一种习俗与追求的结构性变化,用社会科学家奇特的词汇来称呼这种变化,就叫“全球化”. T2. Whatever their backgrounds or agendas, these critics are convinced that Western—often equated with American—influences will flatten every cultural crease, producing, as one observer terms it, one big “McWorld”. (Para.4) 不管他们的背景和纲领如何,这些对全球化持反对态度的人深信西方的影响—往往等同于美国的影响—会把所有文化上的差异一一压平,就像一位观察家所说的,最终产生一个麦当劳世界,一个充斥美国货和体现美国价值观的世界. T3. But I also discovered that cultures are as resourceful, resilient, and unpredictable as the people who compose them. (Para.8) 不过我也发现文化就如同构成文化的民族一样,善于随机应变,富有弹性而且不可预测.
研究生英语系列教材综合教程(上)课文翻译 Unit 1 核心员工的特征 1核心员工究竟是什么样子的?几乎每次进行调查时，我都会从雇主们那里听到“核心员工”这个名词。我请一位客户——一位正参与研究的人事部经理，给我解释一下。“每家公司都有少数几个这样的员工，在某个专业领域，你可以指望他们把活儿干好。在我的小组中，有七名化工流程工程师和生物学家，其中有那么两三个人是我赖以生存的，”他说，“他们对我的公司而言不可或缺。当请你们公司替我们招募新人的时候，我们期待你们会去其他公司找这样的人：其他公司经理不想失去的员工。我们只招募核心员工。” 2这是一段充满了鼓动性的谈话，目的是把猎头们派往竞争对手的公司去游说经验丰富的员工们做一次职业变更。他们想从另一家公司招募核心员工。然而，每家公司也从新人中招人。他们要寻找的是完全一样的东西。“我们把他们和公司顶级员工表现出的特质进行对照。假如他们看起来有同样特征的话，我们就在他们身上赌一把。”只是这样有点儿冒险。 3“这是一种有根据的猜测，”我的人事经理客户说。作为未来的一名员工，你的工作是帮助人事部经理降低这种风险，你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。 4特征1：无私的合作者 职业顾问和化学家约翰·费策尔最早提出了这个特征。关于这个特征，人们已经写了大量的文章。它之所以值得被反复谈及，是因为这一特征是学术界和企业间最明显的差别。“这里需要合作，”费策尔说，“企业的环境并不需要单打独斗，争强好胜，所以表现出合作和无私精神的员工就脱颖而出了。在企业环境中，没有这样的思维方式就不可能成功。” 5许多博士后和研究生在进行这种过渡的过程中表现得相当费力。因为生命中有那么长一段时间他们都在扮演一个独立研究者的角色，并且要表现得比其他年轻的优秀人才更出色。你可以藉此提高在公司的吸引力：为追求一个共同的目标和来自其他实验室和学科的科学家们合作——并且为你的个人履历上的内容提供事迹证明。这个方法，加上你在描述业绩时开明地使用代词“我们”，而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人们之间，培养一个良好声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人——还要保证让那些会接听调查电话的人们谈及你的这个品质。 6特征2：紧迫感 唐-豪特是一位给aaas.sciencecareers@org 网站论坛频繁写稿的撰稿人。他之前是一名科学家。许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级管理的职位。他在3M公司一个部门负责策略和商业开发工作，这个部门每年上缴的税收高达24亿多美元。他就是一个重视紧迫感的人。 7“一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，生意始终在进行，那意味着一年365天，一周7天，一天24小时，竞争也同样在进行，”豪特说，“公司取胜的方法之一就是要更快地到达‘目的地’。这就是说，你不仅要把所有能支持公司快速运转的功能都调动起来，而且还得知道如何决定‘目的地’是哪里。这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己的想法行事的人们都提出了要求。这需要全公司各部门的运作，而不仅仅是管理部门的工作。” 8特征3：风险容忍度 企业要求员工能承受风险。“一名求职者需要表现出仅凭不准确、不完整的信息就做出决策的能力。他或她必须能接纳不确定因素并冒着风险做出结论，”一位客户在职业描述中写道。 9豪特赞同这一说法。“商业成功通常有这样一个特质：那就是能接受不确定因素和风险——个人的，组织上的和财务上的。这就让许多科学家感到不适应，因为学术上的成功其实是依靠认真而严谨的研究。更进一步说，伟大的科学常常是由找寻答案的过程和答案本身两者同时来定义的。因此科学家们往往沉迷于过程。在企业里，你需要了解过程，但最终你会迷上答案，然后根据你认为该答案对你的企业所具有的意义来冒风险。像这样敢冒风险是一套技能组合，是所有雇主在他们最好的员工身上所寻找的东西。” 10风险容忍度的另外一个要点是求职者对失败的承受度。失败很重要，因为这表示你不怕冒险。所以各家公司总会寻找有可能犯错误并敢于承认错误的求职者。大家都知道如何谈论成功——或者当他们在寻找工作的时候应该知道。但很少有人乐意谈论失败，更少有人知道如何从失败的边缘吸取教训和获得经验。“对我的企业来说，求职者需要坦然地谈论他或她的失败，而且他或她需要有真正的失败经历，而不是特意为面试而杜撰的东西。如果做不到的话，那么这个人冒的风险还不够，”豪特说。 11特征4：善于处理人际关系 瑞克·李奇在迪科德遗传工程公司从事业务拓展。李奇最近才转行到企业，做业务方面的工作。我向他咨询这个重要特征，是因为在他的新业务角色中，人际沟通能力在成功和失败之间发挥着很大的作用。“科学家毕生都在积累知识，培养技术上的敏锐感，”他说，“但为企业工作需要完全不同的东西——人际交往的能力。想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。对一个以前一直根据专业知识水平被评价的人来说，突然之间要根据他的人际交往能力来评价他，真是十分令人恐惧。” 12然而，如果认为只有像李奇那样的生意人才需要熟练的人际沟通技巧，那就错了。事实上，我所遇见的在企业工作的核心费工们之所以取得成功，很大程度上是因为他们能够与公司上下各种各样的人共事。 Unit 4 爱和情感连系 1爱，对于人类的生存是不可或缺的。它既是一种情感，又是一种行为。家庭通常是我们最早和最重要的爱和
Unit 1 ●翻译：（黑体的汉字表示与教师用书不同，斜体的汉字表示重点翻译不要遗漏） https://www.doczj.com/doc/431721788.html,passion, wisdom, altruism, insight, creativity—sometimes only the trials of adversity can foster these qualities, because sometimes only drastic situations can force us to take on the painful process of change. (Para.6) 慈悲、智慧、无私、洞察力及创造力——有时只有经历逆境的考验才能培育这些品质，因为有时只有极端的情形才能迫使我们去承受痛苦的改变过程。 2.In that moment, our sense of invulnerability is pierced, and the self-protective mental armor that normally stands between us and our perceptions of the world is torn away. (Para.12) 在事情发生的那一瞬间，我们的安全感被冲破了，平时处于我们与我们对世界的种种看法之间的自我保护的精神盔甲被剥离了。 3.They say that material ambitions suddenly seem silly and the pleasures of friends and family paramount—and that the crisis allowed them to recognize in line with their new priorities. (Para.14) 他们说物质追求突然间变得很无聊，而朋友和家庭带来的快乐变得极为重要，他们还说危机使他们能够按照这些新的优先之事来重新认识生活。 4.They cycle through the same sequence of sensations as do trauma survivors: self–loss, confusion and, finally, a new sense of mastery. (Para.16) 他们和经历创伤的幸存者所反复经历的感觉过程一样：自我失落，困惑，最后获得一种新的驾驭感。 ●复述： 1.Still, actually implementing these changes, as well as fully coming to terms with a new reality, usually takes conscious effort. (Para.13) It is necessary for people to take effort consciously in order to fulfill these changes and compromise with a new reality. 2.They are surprised by their own strength, confident that they can handle whatever else life throws at them. (Para.15) They are surprised by their power and they are confident that they can deal with whatever they experience through life. 3.The sleep deprivation and the necessity of putting aside personal pleasure in order to care for an infant mean that people with newborns are more likely to be depressed and find their marriage on the rocks. (Para.17) It is likely for parents with new-born babies to feel depressed and to feel difficult to maintain their marriage because they have been deprived of sleeping hours and they have to put aside their personal pleasure in order to care for the baby. Unit 4 ●翻译： 1.Immersing myself in a book or a lengthy article used to be easy. My mind would get caught up in the narrative or the turns of the argument, and I’d spend hours strolling th rough long stretches of prose. (Para.1) 过去总是不费什么劲儿就能让自己沉浸在一本书或者一篇长文章中，被其中的叙述或不同的论点深深吸引。我还会花数小时徜徉在长篇散文中。 2.Even when I’m not working, I’m as likely as not to be foraging in the Web’s info–thickets — reading and writing emails, scanning headlines and blog posts, watching videos and listening
2020年考研《英语一》翻译真题答案(跨考版) 文章来源于An Outline of American History，《美国历史纲要》，是一本历史学方面的专著。 46 We don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy; it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend a broken bone. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句，第一个并列句主干是 We don’t have to learn ，how引导宾语从句做learn的宾语，第二个 并列句主干是it is built into us in the same way，that引导定 语从句修饰先行词way，that定语从句中主干是our bodies know，how引导宾语从句做know的宾语。 【参考译文】我们无需刻意去了解学习才能让心理更健康，它正 如我们的身体知道怎样让伤口愈合和修复骨折一样，是根植于我们体 内的/是我们与生俱来的水平。 47 Our mental health doesn’t really go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can be temporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant. 【句子结构】分号连接的两个并列句, 第一个并列句主谓结构， 很简单，第二个并列句中，like the sun behind a cloud是状语， but 连接两个并列分句，包括短语be hidden from 和be capable of. 涉及被动语态的翻译方法。 【参考译文】我们的心理健康并不是真的消失不见，就像云朵背 后的太阳，它也许暂时被遮挡，但是它也能够在瞬间重焕光芒。 48 Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are.
Unit1 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其时。 Some Strategies or Learning English 学习英语绝非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种。 1. 不要以完全同样的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差？其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说我对英语感兴趣是I'm 湩整敲瑳摥椠?湅汧獩屨，而说我精于法语则是???潧摯愠?牆湥档？你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说获悉消息或秘密是汜慥湲琠敨渠睥?牯猠捥敲屴，而获悉某人的成功或到来却是汜慥湲漠?潳敭湯?环猠捵散獳漠?牡楲慶屬？这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后再反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。 4．抓住机会说。的确，在学校里必须用英语进行交流的场合并不多，但你还是可以找到练习讲英语的机会。例如，跟你的同班同学进行交谈可能就是得到一些练习的一种轻松愉快的方式。还可以找校园里以英语为母语的人跟他们随意交谈。或许练习讲英语最容易的方式是高声朗读，因为这在任何时间，任何地方，不需要搭档就可以做到。例如，你可以看着图片18 / 1 或身边的物件，试着对它们详加描述。你还可以复述日常情景。在商店里购物或在餐馆里吃完饭付过账后，假装这一切都发生在一个讲英语的国家，试着用英语把它表演出来。 5．广泛阅读。广泛阅读很重要，因为在我们的学习环境中，阅读是最重要、最可靠的语言输入来源。在选择阅读材料时，要找你认为有趣的、不需要过多依赖词典就能看懂的东西。开始时每天读一页是个好办法。接下去，你就会发现你每天可以读更多页，而且能对付难度更高的材料。6．经常写。写作是练习你已经学会的东西的好方法。除了老师布置的作文，你还可以找到自己要写的理由。有个笔友可以提供很好的动力；与某个跟你趣味相投但来自不同文化的人进行交流，你会学到很多东西。经常写作的其他方式还有记日记，写小故事或概述每天的新闻。 语言学习是一个积累的过程。从读和听中吸收尽量多的东西，然后再试着把学到的东西通过说和写加以运用，定会大有收益。 Unit2 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在六十五岁时开始了只身环球航行。本文记述的就是这一冒险故事。 Sailing Round the Word 弗朗西斯·奇切斯特在独自驾船作环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是1931年。 好多年过去了。他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经五十八岁。他周游世界的宿愿重又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不该去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。