【高频考点解读】
近三年高考主要考查非谓语动词的作用和形式。在作用方面主要考查作宾语时用不定式还是动名词；作宾语、状语、补语时用不定式还是分词；它们作某一成分时的特殊情况及特殊结构。在形式方面主要考查用一般式还是完成式、主动式还是被动式、现在分词还是过去分词。
【热点题型】
题型一非谓语动词作状语
例1、This machine is very easy ________.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A．operating B．to be operating
C．operated D．to operate
【易错剖析】本题容易误选C。因为this machine与operate之间构成被动关系，但要注意这是一个经常用的句型，在这个句型中需用主动代替被动。
【提分秘籍】
1．不定式作状语
不定式作状语时往往用来作目的状语、结果状语或原因状语。
(1)不定式用来作目的状语：作目的状语时，不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语，往往译作“为了，想要”。
To be a winner，you need to give all you have and try your best.
要想成为赢家，你要付出所有并竭尽全力。
(2)不定式用于so...as to...，such...as to...，enough to...，too...to...，only to...等结构中作结果状语。
Would you be so kind as to lend me your bicycle?
你能不能行行好，借给我你的自行车？
He is such a fool as to think that his strange behaviour can influence others.
他如此愚蠢以至于认为他奇怪的行为会影响他人。
He hurried to the booking office only to be told all the tickets had been sold out.
他匆忙去了售票处，结果被告诉所有的票已经卖完了。
【温馨提示】“only＋to do”表示出乎意料的结果，tell和主语He之间存在动宾关系,因而应用不定式的被动结构。而现在分词作结果状语则表示自然而然的结果。
His parents died，leaving him an orphan.
他的父母去世了，使他成为孤儿。
(3)不定式作原因状语，一般位于表示心理、情绪的形容词后，说明产生这种心理情绪的原因。
We are astonished to hear the news.
听到这个消息，我们感到很吃惊。
(4)常用句型：主语＋be＋形容词＋to do (to do要用主动形式代替被动)
The book is easy to understand.
这本书很好懂。
(5)常见的必须用to do作状语的独立结构：to be honest/to tell the truth说实话；to begin/start with首先；to conclude/summarize总之。
To tell the truth，I don’t agree to your plan.
老实讲，我不同意你的计划。
2．现在分词作状语
(1)动词的现在分词作状语往往和谓语动词的动作同时或几乎同时发生，它对谓语动词起修饰和陪衬的作用。动词的ing形式作状语可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果(自然而然的结果)、方式或伴随情况。分词所表示的动作和其逻辑主语即句子的主语之间构成主动关系。
Being ill，he couldn’t go to school.
因为生病，他不能去上学。(原因)
My car was caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.
我的车遇到交通堵塞，所以延误了。(结果)
As the light turned green，I stood for a moment，not moving，and asked myself what I was going to do.(伴随)
当交通路灯变绿时,我站了一会儿,一动不动,自问要做什么事.
(2)现在分词的形式：一般式、被动式、完成式和完成被动式四种形式，每一种形式的否定式都是直接在前面加not构成。一般式(doing)表示主动的一般性的动作或者正在进行的动作；被动式(being done)表示正在进行的被动的动作；完成式(having done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的主动的动作；完成被动式(having been done)表示发生在谓语动作之前的被动的动作。
Not having received a reply，he decided to write again.
没有得到答复，他决定再写封信。
The old man，having worked abroad for twenty years，came back to his motherland.(work与句子的主语The old man之间存在主谓关系，而且work这一动作发生在谓语动作之前)在国外工作了二十年，这位老人回到了祖国。
Having been scolded many times，he determined to study hard to catch up with others.
多次被批评之后，他决定努力学习赶上他人。
(3)常见的需用现在分词的独立结构：generally speaking，taking everything into consideration，judging from/by等，无论和句子的主语之间构成什么关系只能用其ing形式。
Taking everything into consideration，the result is better than expected.把一切因素考虑进去，结果比预料的要好。
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.
从他说的话来判断，他一定是一位诚实的人。
3．过去分词作状语
(1)过去分词作状语和现在分词作状语一样,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随情况等。不同的是：过去分词所表示的动作与其逻辑主语即句子的主语之间构成被动关系。
Translated into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
被译成英语后,我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。
Given more attention，the trees could have grown better.
倘若给予更多的关注，这些树会生长得更好。
(2)常见的需用过去分词的独立结构：compared to/with...和……相比，given that...考虑到……，鉴于，无论和句子的主语之间构成什么关系只能用其过去分词形式。
Michael’s new house is like a huge palace，compared with his old one.
和旧房子相比，Michael的新房子就像一座巨大的宫殿。
Given that he was still a boy，I forgave him.
考虑到他还是个孩子，我就原谅他了。
(3)某些动词的过去分词已经形容词化，这些过去分词既不表示被动，也不表示完成，而表示一种状态,这样的词有：lost(迷路),seated(坐)，hidden(躲),lost/absorbed in(沉溺于), dressed in(穿着),tired of(感到厌倦)等,在句中常作表语、宾补和状语。不管它们作什么成分都不用其ing形式。
Lost in the mountains for a week，we were finally saved by the local police.
在大山里迷失了一个星期，我们最终被当地警察所救。
Absorbed in his book，he didn’t notice me enter the room.
专心读书，他没注意到我进入房间。
【举一反三】
English is difficult ________.Nobody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A．learning B．to be learned
C．learned D．to learn
解析：选D。句意：英语难学。没有人能在短时间内学会使用它。此处考查be＋形容词＋不定式的结构。
题型二非谓语动词作定语
例2、We’re having a meeting in half an hour.The de cision________at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
A．to be made B．being made
C．made D．having been made
【易错剖析】本题考试容易误选C，只考虑到了和其被修饰词the decision之间构成被动关系，没有考虑动作发生的时间，这是一个还未发生的动作。
【提分秘籍】
1．现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行，若与所修饰的名词之间构成动宾关系，且又强调动作的进行，就用其被动形式：being done。
There are two roads before us，one leading to the beach，the other to the park.
在我们面前有两条路，一条通向沙滩，另一条通向公园。
The meeting being held now is very important.
现在正在举行的会议非常重要。
2．过去分词(短语)作定语与它所修饰的名词在逻辑上有被动关系，表示该动作的被动或完成。
I’m calling to enquire about the position advertised in yesterday’s China Daily.
我打电话来是想询问一下有关昨天在《中国日报》上刊登的招聘职位的情况。
3．(1)动词不定式作定语时，须放在被修饰的名词或代词的后面，表示的往往是将来的动作，要根据它与被修饰词之间的主被动关系来决定用to do还是用to be done。
He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.
他将参加明天举行的会议。
(2)当被修饰词被序数词修饰时，用不定式作定语。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是第一个在奥运会上获金牌的女性。
(3)不定式常作下列名词的定语，与被修饰词之间构成同位语关系：attempt，ability，anything，chance，desire，determination，decision，effort，failure，intention，need，opportunity，plan，promise，pressure，right，tendency，time，way等。
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
你具备读写英语的能力吗？
【举一反三】
Some drivers are warning the vehicles ________ behind them，such as “Don’t follow me.I lost my way too”and “Be off.I’m married”．
A．to run B．running
C．having run D．having been run
解析：选B。分析句子结构可知，“the vehicles”与“run”之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系，所以用run的现在分词形式；又根据句中的时态可知，应用run的现在分词的一般式。
题型三非谓语动词作宾补
例3、I looked up and noticed a snake ________ its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A．to wind B．wind
C．winding D．wound
【解析】选C。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我抬头看，注意到一条蛇蜿蜒向树上爬去，去捕捉它的早餐。a snake后接宾语补足语，a snake与wind之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作宾语补足语。notice 后不接带to的动词不定式作宾补，故排除A项；B项强调看到全过程，不符合语境；D项表被动。
【易错剖析】本题容易误选B。没有记清楚感官动词后跟省略to的不定式和现在分词作宾补的区别，
不定式强调动作的全过程，而现在分词则强调动作正在进行。
【提分秘籍】
1．过去分词作宾语补足语：过去分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在动宾关系。
Lucy has a great sense of humour and always keeps her colleagues amused with her stories.
露西很有幽默感，总是讲故事让她的同事消遣。
2．现在分词作宾语补足语：现在分词作宾语补足语时，句中的宾语往往就是其逻辑主语，该动词与宾语之间存在主谓关系。现在分词作宾语补足语强调正在进行的主动动作，即动作过程的一个部分。表示感觉的动词see，hear，feel，notice，watch，look at，listen to，smell以及表示“使”“让”的动词have，get，keep，send，set，find，catch(撞见)等后常接现在分词作宾补。
Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help?
听！你听到有人正在呼救吗？
Jenny found a wallet lying on the ground.
詹妮发现地上有一个钱包。
3．(1)在很多动词后都可以用不定式作宾补。如：ask，want，invite，get，force，expect，allow，persuade，order，warn，remind，prefer，cause，permit，forbid，advise，teach等。如：
He encouraged me to talk to him in English.
他鼓励我用英语同他谈话。
(2)在使役动词make，have，let和感官动词see，watch，notice，observe，feel，hear等动词后接不定式作宾补，不定式不带to，表示做某事的全过程。当它们转换成被动语态时，作为主语补足语的不定式必须带to。
Nobody saw him come in.没人看见他进来。
She was seen to enter the room last night.
昨晚有人看见她进入这个房间。
【举一反三】
I plan to have my daughter ________ at the best school in this city.
A．educate B．to educate
C．being educated D．educated
解析：选D。句意：我打算让我的女儿在这个城市最好的学校接受教育。have...done意为“让某事被做”，
此处的过去分词在句中作宾补。
题型四非谓语动词作主语和宾语
例4、We’ve had a good start，but next，more work needs ________ to achieve the final success.
A．being done B．do
C．to be done D．to do
【易错剖析】本题容易错选D。原因是没有看清本句的主语是more work，是事物，而不是人，need意为“需要”而不是“必须”。
【提分秘籍】
能作主语和宾语的非谓语动词有动名词doing和动词不定式to do。
1．非谓语动词作主语
(1)不定式作主语一般表示具体的某次动作。
To complete the 30storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
(2)动名词作主语一般表示泛指意义的行为。(这时也可用动词不定式)
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
注意：1)当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it作形式主语，而将不定式放到谓语的后面。
It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
对于现代年轻人来说掌握至少2种外国语言是很重要的。
2)在It’s no use(或good，need)．..或It’s useless(或worthwhile)．..等结构中，常用动名词作真正的主语：
It is no use sending him over.派他去没用。
2．非谓语动词作宾语
(1)下列动词后常跟不定式作宾语：want，wish，hope，expect，ask，afford，agree，choose，pretend，decide，happen，learn，offer，refuse，fail，plan，prepare，order，manage，promise，intend等。
(2)在下列动词或动词短语后常用动名词作宾语：
admit，advise，allow，avoid，bear，cannot help，consider，delay，enjoy，finish，give up，imagine，include，keep，keep on，mind，miss，put off，permit，practice，resist，risk，suggest, stand，insist on, be busy，
be worth，feel like，can’t stand，think of，dream of，be fond of，prevent...(from)，keep...from，stop...(from)，protect...from，be engaged in，spend...(in)，succeed in，admit to, be/get/become used to，be equal to，devote...to，get down to，look forward to, object to, stick to，take to，see to，lead to，pay attention to等。
(3)有些动词既能以不定式作宾语，又能以动名词作宾语。两者意思基本相同，如：begin，start，like，hate，continue，prefer等。但有些动词两种形式意思有很大的差别，此类动词主要有：forget，remember，stop，regret，try，mean，can’t help等。
·remember(forget)to do sth.记住(忘记)要做某事
remember (forget)doing sth.记得(忘记)过去曾经做过某事
·regret to do sth.对现在要发生的事表示“抱歉、遗憾”
regret doing sth.对已经发生的事表示后悔
·stop to do sth.停下来去做某事
stop doing sth.停止做某事
·try to do sth.设法……，想法……，试图……
try doing sth.试一试，试试看
·mean to do sth.打算……，想要……，有……的意图
mean doing sth.意味着，意思是
·can’t help to do sth.不能帮忙做某事
can’t help doing sth.禁不住做某事
(4)want，need，require表“需要”时，后面接不定式的被动to be done或动名词的主动doing意义相同。
The flowers need/want/require watering/to be watered.
这些花需要浇水。
【举一反三】
You cannot imagine a child ________ so cruelly.
A．to treat B．treating
C．being treated D．to be treated
解析：选C。句意：你难以想象一个孩子会被如此残暴对待。根据句意用动名词的被动式。
题型五独立主格结构
例5、The party will be held in the garden, weather ________.
A．permitting B．to permit
C．permitted D．permit
【解析】选A。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：如果天气允许的话，聚会将在花园里举行。weather permitting是独立主格形式，相当于if引导的条件状语从句，即if weather permits。
【易错剖析】本题容易误选D。把后面的weather ________当成了一个完整的句子，忽略了前面的标点符号是逗号，需用非谓语动词形式。
【提分秘籍】
独立主格结构，就是分词有其自己的独立主语，可以不与句子的主语保持一致。独立主格结构没有谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。此结构在句子中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语的作用。独立主格结构应与句子的主体部分分隔开来。其构成形式如下：
(1)名词/代词主格＋现在分词
名词或代词通常为现在分词所表示的动作的执行者，与现在分词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
(2)名词/代词主格＋过去分词
名词或代词通常为过去分词所表示的动作的承受者，与过去分词构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
(3)名词/代词主格＋形容词/副词
形容词或副词常用来说明名词或代词的特征及所处的状态。如：The meeting over，they went home.
会议结束了，他们回家了。
(4)名词/代词主格＋不定式
这种结构通常用作原因状语，这种结构可位于句末或句首。如：So many children to support，they both have to work full time.有这么多孩子要养，他们俩不得不全日工作。
(5)名词/代词主格＋介词短语
介词短语常用来说明名词或代词的特征或所处的状态。如：The old man sat on the chair，book in hand.
老人坐在椅子上，手里拿着书。
(6)介词＋复合宾语
①with＋宾语＋v.ing
With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous.
这么多人看着她，她感到很紧张。
②with＋宾语＋v.ed
With their work finished，they went home.
工作完成后，他们就回家了。
③with＋宾语＋不定式
With so much work to do，I can’t go swimming with you.
因为有很多工作要做，我不能和你一起去游泳了。
【举一反三】
The noise ________，she couldn’t live here any longer.
A．is too loud to put up
B．is too loud to live with
C．being too loud to put up
D．being too loud to live with
【高考风向标】
【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.
A. wondering
B. wonder
C．to wonder D．wondered
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.-ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。
【2015·北京】21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.
A.Catching.
B.Caught.
C.To catch.
D.Catch
【答案】C
【解析】句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。
【2015·北京】31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.
A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted
【解析】句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept 构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。
【2015·重庆】6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
A.Being raised
B. Raising
C. Raised
D. To raise
【答案】C
【解析】句意：他在格拉斯哥最穷的地方长大，要想成为足球明星还有很长的路要走。根据句意可知raise这个动词的主语是he，他在这个地方长大，两者之间是主谓关系，故选C项。
【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.
A. used
B. having used
C. using
D. use
【答案】C
【解析】句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。选C。
【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.
A. perform
B. performing
C. to perform
D. being performed
【答案】D
【2015·天津】8. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
A. To work
B. Worked
C. To be working
D. Having worked
【答案】D
【解析】句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work 之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。
【2015·天津】5. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.
A. To absorb
B. To be absorbed
C. Absorbed
D. Absorbing
【解析】句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。
【2015·福建】28._________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
A. Learn
B. Learned
C. To learn
D. To be learning
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。这里是动词不定式形式的非谓语动词做目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多了解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。故选C
【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".
A. combine
B. combined
C. combing
D. being combined
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，所以故选C
【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ what is bothering them.
A. to talk over
B. talked over
C．talk over D．having talked over
【答案】A
1．(2014·江西卷)He is thought ________(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job.
【答案】to have acted
【解析】考查不定式作补语。句意：他被认为做了愚蠢的事。现在对于失去工作这件事，他只能怪自己。be thought to do sth. 表示“被认为做了某事”；由句意可知，act的动作发生在think之前。故填to have acted。
2．(2014·北京卷)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________(recognize)．
【答案】being recognized
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：那位影星戴着墨镜，因此他可以在没人认出的情况下购物了。without为介词，后面接动名词形式；the film star与recognize之间存在被动关系，故用动名词的被动式，即“being done”结构。
3．(2014·江苏卷)The lecture________(give), a lively question-and-answer session followed.
【答案】having been given
4．(2014·重庆卷)The producer comes regularly to collect the cameras ________(return) to our shop for quality problems.
【答案】returned
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：生产商定期来收回那些因为质量问题而被退回到我们商店的照相机。设空处作后置定语，修饰cameras。return此处意为“退回”，cameras与return之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和完成的动作。
5．(2014·大纲全国卷)Today there are more airplanes________(carry) more people than ever before in the skies.
【答案】carrying
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：和过去相比，现在空中的飞机数量多了，飞机的载客量也更大了。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作定语修饰airplanes，且carry为airplanes主动发出的动作，故应用动词-ing形式carrying。
6．(2014·湖南卷)Children, when ________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
【答案】accompanied
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当被他们的父母陪同时，孩子们被允许进入体育场。when accompanied by their parents是一个过去分词短语作状语，相当于一个时间状语从句when they are accompanied by their parents，此处省略they are。
7．(2014·福建卷)For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are
important in staying________(connect)．
【答案】connected
【解析】本题考查非谓语动词。句意：对那些与家人离得比较远的人来说，个人电脑和电话在保持联系方面很重要。本句中的关键词是stay(保持)，它是一个连系动词，后接形容词作表语。connected是形容词，意为“有联系的，有来往的”，符合句意。stay connected是“stay＋形容词化的过去分词”构成的系表结构。
8．(2014·四川卷)—I hope to take the computer course.
—Good idea. ________(find out) more about it, visit this website.
【答案】To find out
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：“我希望参加计算机课程。”“好主意。想查询更多的相关信息，访问该网站。”根据句意可知，空格处所需信息是“访问该网站”的目的，所以用动词不定式作目的状语。
9．(2014·安徽卷)While waiting for the opportunity to get________(promote), Henry did his best to perform his duty.
【答案】promoted
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：亨利在等待升职机会的同时，在尽力做好自己的本职工作。主语Henry与promote之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用被动语态。此处为get型被动语态，为“get＋过去分词”。
10．(2014·陕西卷)________(work out) the difficult maths problem, I have consulted Professor Russell several times.
【答案】To work out
11．(2013·北京，21)V olunteering gives you a chance ________ lives, including your own.
A．change B．changing C．changed D．to change
【答案】D
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：志愿者工作让你有一个可以改变生活的机会，包括你自己的生活。动词不定式作chance后置定语。
12．(2013·福建，22)________ basic first－aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
A．Known B．Having known
C．Knowing D．Being known
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此句谓语为will help，因此所选非谓语动词做主语，故使用动名词，答案选C。
13．(2013·山东，33)________at the cafeteria before，Tina didn't want to eat there again.
A．Having eaten B．To eat
C．Eat D．Eating
【答案】A
14．(2013·湖南，25)The sun began to rise in the sky，________the mountain in golden light.
A．bathed B．bathing
C．to have bathed D．have bathed
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词bathe与主语the sun之间为主动关系，且表示进行，故选B。
15．(2013·湖南，31)________warm at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.
A．Staying B．Stayed C．To stay D．Stay
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此处考查动词不定式表目的，句意：晚间，我为了保持暖和，我就把柴炉加满。故选C。
16．(2013·江苏，31)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and________to ruins，the city took on a new look.
A．reducing B．reduced
C．being reduced D．having reduced
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。首先判断此处是and连接的after之后的并列的动名词形式；且reduce 与主语city之间为被动关系，故选C。
17．(2013·辽宁，28)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail________for her.
A．waited B．to wait C．waiting D．was waiting
【答案】C
【解析】考查非谓语动词。此题there be句型的主语mail后接后置定语，wait与mail间为主动关系，且wait这个动作正在进行，故选C，现在分词。
18．(2013·陕西，13)Let those in need ________ that we will go all out to help them.
A．to understand B．understand
C．understanding D．understood
【答案】B
【解析】考查非谓语动词。动词let后接动词原形understand做宾补，表示与宾语those in need 之间为主动关系，构成短语let sb do sth。故选B。
19．(2013·陕西，14)The witnesses ________ by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
【答案】A
20．(2013·四川，8)________which university to attend，the girl asked her teacher for advice.
A．Not knowing B．Knowing not
C．Not known D．Known not
【答案】A
【解析】考查非谓语动词。主语the girl与非谓语动词know之间为主动关系，故用现在分词；且非谓语动词的否定式应在其前加否定词。据此可知答案为A。此处分词Not knowing在句中作原因状语。
【高考押题】
1.The island, ________ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to.
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
答案：C。句意：这个岛屿由一座桥和大陆相连，很容易到达。join与the island之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故此处用过去分词。
2．Sarah pretended to be cheerful, ______ nothing about the argument.
A．says B．said
C．to say D．saying
答案：D。句意：萨拉假装很开心，对那次争论只字未提。Sarah和say之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用现在分词形式。
3．More TV programs，according to government officials，will be produced ________ people's concern over food safety.
A．to raise B．raising
C．to have raised D．having raised
答案：A。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：根据政府官员的意见，为了提高人们对食品安全的关心意识，要制作更多的电视节目。根据句子可知，此处用不定式表目的状语。不定式的一般时态表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生或在谓语动词之后，而不定式的完成时态，表示的动作发生在谓语动词之前。根据语境A项正确。
4. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself________ of his own dreams.
A. reminding
B. to remind
C. reminded
D. remind
5．Lydia doesn't feel like ________ abroad.Her parents are old.
A．study B．studying
C．studied D．to study
答案：B。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：莉迪亚不想去国外读书，因为她的父母年纪大了。feel like doing
sth.为常用搭配：想做某事。同：would like to do sth.。
6．Simon made a big bamboo box ________ the little sick bird till it could fly.
A．keep B．kept
C．keeping D．to keep
答案：D。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：西蒙自己做了个竹子小盒，用来装那只小鸟，直到它能够飞起来。不定式to do sth.表目的。
7．________ an important role in a new movie，Andy has got a chance to become famous.
A．Offer B．Offering
C．Offered D．To offer
答案：C。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：在这部影片中得到一个重要的角色后，安迪得到了一个出名的机会。根据语境，别人给安迪一个角色，即存在被动关系。所以选C，过去分词表被动。
8．Recently a survey________prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.
A．compared B．comparing
C．compares D．being compared
9．Passengers are permitted______only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
答案：A。本题考查动词短语搭配。permit sb. to do sth.与permit doing sth.均为固定搭配形式。由句子结构可知A项正确。句意：旅客们只被允许随身携带一份行李登机。
10．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ________ for words.
A．lose B．lost
C．to lose D．having lost
答案：B。考查非谓语动词。句意：即使最好的作家有时发现自己无以言辞。be lost for words“说不出话
来”。然后结合“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构可知，此处用lost作宾语补足语。
11．If they win the final tonight, the team are going to tour around the city ________ by their enthusiastic supporters.
A．being cheered B．be cheered
C．to be cheered D．were cheered
答案：C。考查非谓语动词。句意：如果他们赢得今晚的决赛的话，他们队将在他们热情的支持者欢呼中环游该城。因为是非谓语，排除D项；另外，cheer动作在将来发生，所以采用不定式。
12．______around the fire, the tourists danced with the local people.
A．Gather B．To gather
C．Gathering D．To be gathering
答案：C。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：聚集在篝火周围，旅游的人和当地人一起跳舞。根据句子结构可知，此处是现在分词作伴随状语，表示“gather”与“dance”这两个动作同时发生。而不定式在句中作目的状语，不合语境。
13．Tsinghua University，______in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A．found B．founding
C．founded D．to be founded
答案：C。本题考查非谓语动词。句意：清华大学，建于1911年，是许多杰出人物的母校。found“建立，创立”，与主语Tsinghua University之间为动宾关系，并且由时间状语1911可知，found动作早已完成，故用founded，C项正确。
14．Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ________ into small pieces.
A. break
B. breaking
C. broken
D. to break
15．It's important for the figures ________ regularly.
A. to be updated
B. to have been updated
C. to update
D. to have updated
答案：A。本题考查动词不定式的时态和语态。句意：对这些数字来说定期更新是重要的。根据句意，数字应该是被更新，故用动词不定式的被动语态；根据副词regularly可知此处表示经常性的动作，故用动
词不定式的一般时态。
16．Sit down, Emma. You will only make yourself more tired，________ on your feet.
A. to keep
B. keeping
C. having kept
D. to have kept
答案：B。本题考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：坐下，艾玛。如果你一直站着的话，只会使你自己更累。此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示条件，动词keep与句子的主语之间为主动关系，表示正在进行的动作，故用现在分词形式。此处相当于一个条件状语从句：You will only make yourself more tired, if you keep on your feet.。
17．The ability ________an idea is as important as the idea itself.
A．expressing B．expressed
C．to express D．to be expressed
答案：C。本题考查不定式短语作后置定语。句意：表达观点的能力和观点本身同等重要。ability后通常跟动词不定式作后置定语，故排除A，B两项；此处指表达观点的能力，表示主动意义，排除D项。
18．The players ________ from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A．selecting B．to select
C．selected D．having selected
19．Do you wake up every morning ________ energetic and ready to start a new day?
A．feel B．to feel
C．feeling D．felt
答案：C。本题考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：你每天早上醒来都精力充沛，准备开始新的一天吗？feeling energetic在句中作伴随状语。
20．Claire had her luggage________an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
答案：D。考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语。句意：克莱尔在飞机起飞一个小时之前让人检查了行李。
III. Reading Comprehension Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. B Kettlebells do not hurt people. People do. A kettlebell will get your respect – the easy way or the hard way. Here is the easy way. 1. Get a medical clearance. Get clearance, especially from an orthopedist and a cardiologist. The latter is no joking matter, since kettlebell training can be extremely intense. 2. Always be aware of your surroundings. Find a training area with a non-slippery surface on which you are not afraid to drop a kettlebell. The area must be clear of objects you might trip over – including other kettlebells – or that you might hit with a kettlebell. There should be no people or animals in a radius where you could injure them. 3. Train barefoot or wear shoes with a flat, thin sole and room for the toes to spread. Training barefoot is superior for health and performance reasons. If you must wear shoes, wear Converse Chuck Taylors, Vibram Five Fingers, or similar shoes that have thin soles and do not pinch the toes together. You have sensory receptors on the bottoms of your feet that make you stronger and improve balance and coordination. Wearing traditional shoes diminishes the ability of these receptors to work properly, and therefore inhibits performance and can increase the risk of injury. Go native. 4. Never contest for space with a kettlebell. Do not try to save a rep that has gone wrong. Guide the kettlebell to fall harmlessly, and move out of the way if necessary. And remember, quick feet are happy feet. 5. Practice all safety measures at all times. Respect every kettlebell, even the lightest one. Always use perfect form picking up and setting down a kettlebell. The set is not over until the bell is safely parked.
【英语】高考英语非谓语动词真题汇编(含答案) 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．Jenny hopes that Mr Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English ________ in a short period. A．improved B．improving C．to improve D．improve 【答案】A 【解析】 宾语written English与improve之间为动宾关系，故用过去分词作宾补。 2．Walter offered us a lift when he was leaving the office, but our work _______, we refused his offer. A．not finishing B．had not been finished C．not having finished D．not finished 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：在这里，our work处在逗号位置，作整个句子的原因状语，这里应填非谓语动词。work和finish存在逻辑上的被动关系，所以应该用过去分词，故选D。 考点：独立主格结构的考查 点评：独立主格结构（Independent Genitive）由两部分组成，前一部份是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语，多用于书面语。独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。 3．The rainforest is an amazing place, ________ with plants and animals that aren’t found anywhere else in the world. A．filling B．filled C．being filled D．to fill 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：热带雨林是一个令人惊讶的地方，充满了世界其他地方不能找到的动植物。固定词组：be filled with被……充满，此处place和fill之间是一种被动关系，所以用过去分词做伴随状态，故选B。 4．Workers have been working through the night ________ the bridge safe. A．made B．to make C．being made D．having made 【答案】B 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了使桥安全工人们整夜地工作。此处用动词不定式作目的状语，故选B。
【高频考点解读】 1.了解集合的含义，体会元素与集合的从属关系；能用自然语言、图形语言、集合语言(列举法或描述法)描述不同的具体问题． 2.理解集合之间包含与相等的含义，能识别给定集合的子集；在具体情境中，了解全集与空集的含义． 3.理解两个集合的并集与交集的含义，会求两个简单集合的并集与交集；理解在给定集合中一个子集的补集的含义，会求给定子集的补集；能使用韦恩(Venn)图表达集合间的基本关系及集合的基本运算． 【热点题型】 题型一集合的基本概念 例1、已知集合A＝{x|x2－3x－10≤0}，B＝{x|m＋1≤x≤2m－1}，若B?A，求实数m 的取值范围． 【提分秘籍】 (1)判断两集合的关系常有两种方法：一是化简集合，从表达式中寻找两集合间的关系；二是用列举法表示各集合，从元素中寻找关系． (2)已知两集合间的关系求参数时，关键是将两集合间的关系转化为元素间的关系，进而转化为参数满足的关系．解决这类问题常常需要合理利用数轴、Venn图帮助分析．【举一反三】 设全集U＝R，集合M＝{x|x>1}，P＝{x|x2>1}，则下列关系中正确的是( ) A．M＝P B．P ?M
C．M ?P D．(?U M)∩P＝? 解析：对集合P：由x2>1，知x>1或x<－1，借助数轴，故M ?P，选C. 答案：C 题型二集合的基本运算( 例2、(1)(设集合A＝{x|x2－2x<0}，B＝{x|1≤x≤4}，则A∩B＝( ) A．(0,2] B．(1,2) C．[1,2) D．(1,4) (2)设集合M＝{x|x≥0，x∈R}，N＝{x|x2<1，x∈R}，则M∩N＝( ) A．[0,1] B．(0,1) C．(0,1] D．[0,1) 解析(1)由已知可得A＝{x|0 阅读理解 专题一广告信息类 2018年 Passage 1 2018全国卷Ⅰ，6分话题：骑自行车在华盛顿特区观光词数：274 Washington,D.C. Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington, D.C. Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom. Reserve your spot before availability —and the cherry blossoms — disappear! Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(4 miles) Join a guided bike tour and view some of the most popular monuments in Washington, D.C. Explore the monuments and memorials on the National Mall as your guide shares unique facts and history at each stop. Guided tour includes bike, helmet, cookies and bottled water. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. Duration:3 hours Morning or Afternoon, this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C. newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington, D.C. in a healthy way with minimum effort. Knowledgeable guides will entertain you with the most interesting stories about Presidents, Congress, memorials, and parks. Comfortable bikes and a smooth tour route(路线) make cycling between the sites fun and relaxing. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour Duration:3 hours(7 miles) Join a small group bike tour for an evening of exploration in the heart of Washington, D.C. Get up close to the monuments and memorials as you bike the sites of Capitol Hill and the National Mall. Frequent stops are made for photo taking as your guide offers unique facts and history. Tour includes bike, helmet, and bottled water. All riders are equipped with reflective vests and safety lights. 1. Which tour do you need to book in advance? A. Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. B. Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C. Capital City Bike Tour in Washington, D.C. D. Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 2. What will you do on the Capital City Bike Tour? A. Meet famous people. B. Go to a national park. C. Visit well-known museums. D. Enjoy interesting stories. 3. Which of the following does the bicycle tour at night provide? A. City maps. B. Cameras. C. Meals. 高考英语非谓语动词知识点全集汇编及解析(6) 一、选择题 1．The boss __________ during working hours and all the workers __________ in that company. A．forbids smoking; are forbidden to smoke B．forbids to smoke; are forbidden to smoke C．forbids smoking; forbid from smoking D．forbids to smoke; are forbidden from smoking 2．The car moved so fast the it went through the highway-dividing fence, ________ in a collision in which five people died. A．to result B．resulting C．resulted D．having resulted 3．It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A．imagine B．to be imagined C．imagining D．to imagine 4．After a long journey across the whole of Europe from north to south, they found themselves _________out as well as their clothes. A．wear B．wore C．wearing D．worn 5．Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 6．As far as I’m concerned, this book deserves ______ several times. A．being read B．to read C．reading D．read 7．Rose couldn't stand . A．being made fun of B．making fun of C．to make fun of D．being made fun 8．At last the boy had no choice but ________ the bread from the supermarket. A．admit to have stolen B．admit having stolen C．to admit to have stolen D．to admit having stolen 9．____________ with a difficult situation, the Chinese government is taking immediate measures to control the prices, which have been growing too quickly. A．To face B．Having faced C．Faced D．Facing 10．Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games. A．realizing B．realized C．to realize D．being realized 11．—Did you have a good time at the party? —Thanks. I appreciated______to your home. A．to be invited B．to have invited C．being invited D．having invited 12．The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 13．________ good, the food was sold out soon. A．Tasting B．Tasted C．Being tasted D．Taste 【高频考点解读】 在句中用来代替名词、名词短语或句子的词称为代词。代词可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语等。近3年来，高考重点考查不定代词，所考题量占所考代词总量的50%左右，其次是it的用法和替代词。试题的设计注重语境设置，要求考生将句子意思和句子结构联系起来选出正确的代词。因此，做题时要在熟练掌握各类代词基本用法的基础上，特别注意句意和句子结构的结合，只靠死背语法是很难奏效的。 【热点题型】 题型一it的用法 例1、No matter where he is, he makes ________a rule to go for a walk before breakfast. A．him B．this C．that D．it 【易错剖析】考生可能会受汉语的误导“他无论走到哪里都会把这/那当成一个规则：早饭前散散步”误选B或C，而忽略this/that不可作形式宾语。 【提分秘籍】 1．指代时间、距离、自然现象等。 It is 6 miles to the nearest hospital. (指距离)这儿离最近的医院有6英里。 It is very cold in the room.(指温度)房间里很冷。 2．指代前面所提到过的事物、群体、想法、性别不明或性别被认为不重要的人或动物、未指明但谈话双方都明白的事情或情况。 The Parkers bought a new house but it will need a lot of work before they can move in.(指双方都明白的事情) 帕克一家买了一套新房子，但是在入住之前有大量的工作需要去做。 3．it作先行代词代替不定式、v.ing形式、名词性从句，作形式主语或形式宾语。 He didn’t make it clear when and where the meeting would be held. 2011年高考英语阅读七选五专项训练（10题）根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项, 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。 专项练习一 For over one hundred and fifty years, Americans of all social classes have worn blue jeans．1 Whether they are worn for work or for fashion today．Strauss' invention continues to be popular not only among Americans but also among people around the world．Levi Strauss was born in Germany in 1829． 2 He grew up in Kentucky before moving to New York in 1847．Before becoming an American citizen and moving to the West in 1853, Strauss worked in his brother's dry goods business．This gave him a chance to produce his famous invention．After the gold rush of 1849, Strauss decided to move to the West to seek his fortunes．Strauss did not want to be a person who searched an area for minerals．Instead, he knew he could make a good living by selling supplies to the miners．At first, he planned to sell sewing supplies and cloth． 3 When he heard miners complaining that their clothes were easily broken or they usually tore their pockets during mining, he decided to use a special fabric to make pants for the miners．These pants proved so popular that he quickly ran out of materials to make more． In 1873, Strauss received a letter from a Jewish tailor named Jacob Davis who had invented a process of connecting pockets with copper rivets（铆钉）．This made the pants last a long time．Because Davis did not have the money to patent his idea, he offered to share it with Strauss if Strauss would agree to pay for the patent． 4 ． By the time Strauss died in 1902, he had made a great contribution to American fashion． 5 The business has been growing ever since and Levi Strauss' company is now one of the largest clothing companies in the world． A．As a young boy, he moved with his family to the United States． ！ B．Nobody knew what kind of material was suitable． C．He did and Levi jeans have been made with metal rivets ever since． D．However, he did not get much business for those products． E．He also made a great contribution to America's clothing industry． F．Since they were invented by Levi Strauss, they have become a symbol of American consumer culture． G．As the business grew, Strauss got much money from it． 非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog 专题12 定语从句 【高频考点解读】 定语从句是高考的热点，主要考查关系代词和关系副词的正确运用，特别是它们在非限制性定语从句中的运用。主要考点有： ①关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句； ②关系副词where引导的定语从句(近三年来常考查先行词是表示抽象空间概念的名词的情况)； ③“介词＋关系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句； ④as引导的非限制性定语从句。 【热点题型】 题型一关系代词引导的定语从句 例1、You’ll find taxis waiting at the bus station________ you can hire to reach your host family. A．which B．where C．when D．as 【易错剖析】本题易误选B。原因是找错了先行词，本句中定语从句的先行词是taxis，而不是the bus station。 【提分秘籍】 1．which，that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语(可省略)。 I refuse to accept the blame for something that was someone else’s fault.我拒绝因别人的过错而承担责任。 2．who，whom，that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语(可省略)。 I’ve become good friends with several of the students in my school who I met in the English speech contest last year. 8 完形填空 【母题】【2018·新课标全国I卷高考完形填空】 【母题原题】 【2018·新课标全国I】完形填空（共20小题；每小题15分，满分30分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “ __41___ my job. Family to Feed.” At this store, a __42___ like this is not normal. My 10-year-old noticed him and make a __43____ on how bad it must be to have to stand ___44____ in the cold wind. In the store, I asked each of my kids to __45___ something they thought our “friend” there would ___46___. They got apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice. Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a ___47____. I thought about it. We were ___48__ on cash our selves, but… well, sometimes __49___ from our need instead of our abundance is ___50__ what we need to do! All the kids __51____ something they could do away with for the week. When we handed him the bag of __52__, he lit up and thanked us with ___53__ eyes. When I handed him the gift card, saying he could use it for __54____his family might need, he burst into tears. This has been a wonderful ___55__ for our family. For days the kids have been looking for others we can __56___! Things would have played out so __57____ if I had simply said, “No, we really don’t have ___58___ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __59___, it also gave my kids the __60____ taste of helping others. It’ll go a long way with them. 41. A. Lost B. Changed C. Quit D. Finished 42. A condition B. place C. sight D. show 43. A. suggestion B. comment C. decision D. call 44. A. outside B. proudly C. by D. angrily 45. A. draw B. say C. arrange D. pick 46. A. order B. supply C. appreciate D. discover 47. A. dollar B. job C. hot meal D. gift card 48. A. easy B. low C. soft D. loose 49. A. giving B. saving C. spending D. begging 50. A. yet B. even C. still D. just 51. A. declared B. shared C. ignored D. expected 52. A . toys B. medicine C. food D. clothes 53. A. sleepy B. watery C. curious D. sharp 54. A. whoever B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever 55. A. experience B. example C. message D. adventure 非谓语动词 非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式 动词不定式、分词(现在分词，过去分词)和动名词统称为非谓语动词。现代英语将现在分词和动名词合为一大类叫作v + ing形式。这些动词的形式不能在句中单独作谓语用，因而没有语法主语。但可以有逻辑主语。由于没有语法主语，也就不受人称和数的限定，因为不是谓语，也就没有时态和语态，但这些词仍能表示动作和状态，所以仍有表示与其他动词相对时间关系的形式。由于与其它词有逻辑上的主谓关系，因此也有表示主、被动的形式，同时也有自己的宾语和状语，一起构成非谓语动词的短语(动词不定式短语，分词短语，动名词短语)。动词不定式、过去分词及v-ing形式在句中均不能作谓语用，所以叫做非谓语动词。 （一）动词不定式：动词不定式由―to+ 动词原形‖构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。 2、动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如： （1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other. （2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。 （3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；②作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next? （4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street. （5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way. （6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. （7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：①目的状语：Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to (so as to) improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③too + 形容词或副词+ 动词不定式，表示―足能…‖的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now. 3、复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for高考英语真题分类汇编各种题型全汇总
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