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【5A版】初中英语《名词所有格的用法》教案

【5A版】初中英语《名词所有格的用法》教案
【5A版】初中英语《名词所有格的用法》教案

名词所有格的用法

1.名词的格的种类

英语名词有三个格,即主格、宾格和所有格。名词的主格和宾格形式相同,所以它们又统称作通格。当名词用作主语、宾语、表语时,用通格。英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分-’s所有格和of所有格两种形式。

TomlovesMary.(Tom为主格,Mary为宾格,均为通格形式)

Tom’s bestfriendisMary.(Tom’s是所有格,Mary为通格)

Thetitleofthebookisinteresting.(ofthebook为所有格)

2.-’s所有格的构成方法

(1)一般情况(包括单数名词和不带词尾s的复数名词)加-’s:

children’s books儿童图书today’s paper今天的报纸

(2)带词尾s的复数名词只加省字撇(‘):

girls’school女子学校the Smiths’car史密斯家的小汽车

注:带词尾s的单数名词,通常仍加’s:

the boss’s plan老板的计划the hostess’s worry女主人的担心

(3)带词尾s的人名,可加’s或只加省字撇(‘):

Dickens’novels狄更斯的小说Charles’s job查理斯的工作

不带词尾-s却以咝音结尾者,一律加’s:

Marx’s works马克思的著作George’s room乔治的房间

(4)用and连接的并列连词的所有格要分两种情况,即表示各自的所有关系时,要分别在并列连词后加-’s,表示共同的所有关系时,只在最后一个名词后加-’s:

Tom’s and Jim’s rooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间

Tomand Jim’s rooms汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间(from https://www.doczj.com/doc/421283090.html,)

3.-’s所有格的用法

-’s所有格主要用于有生命的东西,但有时也可用于无生命的东西,这主要见于:

(1)用于表时间的名词后:

tomorrow’s weather明天的天气two days’journey两天的旅程

比较:ten minutes’break=aten-minutebreak10分钟的休息

(2)用于表国家、城市的名词后:

America’s policy美国的政策the city’s population这个城市的人口

(3)用于某些集合名词后:

the majority’s view多数人的观点the government’s policy政府的政策

(4)用于组织机构后:

thesta tion’s waiting-room车站候车室

the newspaper’s editorialpolicy这家报纸的编辑方针

(5)用于度量衡及价值名词后:

a mile’s distance1英里的距离twenty dollar’s value20美元的价值

注:对于带有连字符已转化为形容词的度量衡,不能用所有格形式:

ten-minutewalk10分钟的路程(比较:ten minutes’walk)

(6)用于表天体的名词后:

the moon’s rays月光the earth’s surface地球表面

(7)用于某些固定表达中:

a stone’s throw一箭之遥at one’swit’s end黔驴技穷

at arm’s length以一臂之距outof harm’s way在完全的地方

4.-’s所有格与of所有格的用法比较

(1)of所有格既可用于有生命的人或物,也可用于无生命的东西。of所有格有时可以与-’s所有格互换。如:

Mr Smith’s son=thesonofMrSmith史密斯先生的儿子

Jim’s patience=thepatienceofJim吉姆的耐心

the Queen’s arrival=thearrivaloftheQueen女王的到达

(2)必须用‘s所有格的情形:

①表类别时:men’s shoes男鞋,children’s stories儿童故事

②表来源时:John’s telegram约翰的电报

③当被修饰的名词后有同位语修饰时:Mary’s husband,apoliceman,hasjustbeenhere.玛丽的丈夫是个警察,刚刚来过这儿。

(3)必须用of所有格的情形:

①用于无生命的事物时:thesubjectofthesentence句子主语

②表同位关系时:theCityofBeijing北京市

③当中心词是名词化的名词时:thelifeofthepoor穷人的生活

④当of所有格中的名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时:MrSmithisaforeignteacherofauniversityinChina.史密斯先生是中国一所大学的外籍教师。

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