宁波大学2020年博士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷)
(答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上)
回答以下问题：
）由由2，是否影响最优解？如有影响，将新的解求出。
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/412383049.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
Reading Comprehension (35 minutes) Directions:There are 4 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center. Passage One Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage: When Kathie Gifford ’s face was splashed across the newspapers in 1996 after her lucrative line of Wal mart clothing was exposed as the work of underpaid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown, the Department of Labor and the White House teamed up to condemn such practices. With much fanfare, President Clinton’s administration launched the “No Sweat” campaign, which pressured retailers and manufacturers to submit to periodic independent inspection of their workplace conditions.; This campaign urged manufacturers to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct, a promise to self regulate that has since been adopted by a handful of retailers and many of the nation ’s largest manufacturers, including Nike and L.L. Bean. However, the Department of Defense, which has a $ 1 billion garment business that would make it the country’s 14th largest retail apparel outlet, has not signed the Code of Conduct. In addition, it has not agreed to demand that its contractors submit to periodic inspections.; Because the Department of Defense has not agreed to adhere to the code, the job of stopping public sector sweatshops falls to the Department of Labor. Federal contractors that persist in violating wage laws or safety and health codes can lose their lucrative taxpayer financed contracts. But Suzanne Seiden, a deputy administrator at the Department of Labor, says that to her knowledge, the department has never applied that rule to government apparel manufacturers. “I just assume that they are adhering to safety and health requirements,” she says. According to records obtained by Mother Jones, through a Freedom of Information Act request, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration has cited Lion 32 times for safety and health violations in the past 12 years. 21.What is this passgage mainly concerned with? A)The functions of the Department of Labor in America. B)A serious problem threatening American economy. C)The successful attempt of regulating sweatshops in America. D)The seriousness of the problem of sweatshops in America. 22.According to the passage, Kathie Gifford ____. A) was one of the underpaid laborers in New York City’s Chinatown B) was one of the well paid laborers in New York City ’s Chinatown C) made much money from cheap laborers in New York City’s Chinatown D) wrote a newspaper article exposing the practice of employing cheap laborers 23.The underlined p hrase “to submit to” is closest in meaning to ____. A) to accept unwillingly B) to refuse coldly C) to welcome warm heartedly D) to blame strongly 24.Which of the following statements about the Department of Defense is true? A) It will become the count ry’s 14th largest retail apparel manufacturer. B) It hasn’t acted according to the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) It has demanded its contractors to sign the Workplace Code of Conduct. D) It has teamed up with the Department of Labor to launch a campaign. 25.What was the purpose of President Clinton’s administration launching the “No Sweat” campaign? A) To urge manufacturers to obey the Workplace Code of Conduct. B) To remind the manufacturers of the Workplace Code of Conduct. C) To urge the Department of Labor to take its responsibility. D) To urge the Department of Defense to inspect manufacturers. Passage Two Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage: The term investment portfolio conjures up visions of the truly rich-the Rockefellers, the Wal Mart Waltons, Bill Gates. But today, everyone-from the Philadelphia firefighter, his part time receptionist wife and their three children, to the single Los Angeles lawyer starting out on his own-needs a portfolio.; A portfolio is simply a collection of financial assets. It may include real estate, rare stamps and coins, precious metals and even artworks. But those are for people with expertise. What most of us need to know about are stocks, bonds and cash (including such cash equivalents as money market funds).; How do you decide what part of your portfolio should go to each of the big three? Begin by understanding that stocks pay higher returns but are more risky; bonds and cash pay lower returns but are less risky.; Research by Ibbotson Associates, for example, shows that large company stocks, on average, have returned 11.2 percent annually since 1926. Over the same period, by comparison, bonds have returned an annual average of 5.3 percent and cash, 3.8 percent.; But short term risk is another matter. In 1974, a one year $1000 investment in the stock market would have declined to $735.; With bonds, there are two kinds of risk: that the borrower won’t pay you back and that the money you’ll get won’t be worth very much. The U.S. government stands behi nd treasury bonds, so the credit risk is almost nil. But the inflation risk remains. Say you buy a $1000 bond maturing in ten years. If inflation averages about seven percent over that time, then the $1000 you receive at maturity can only buy $500 worth of today’s goods.; With cash, the inflation risk is lower, since over a long period you can keep rolling over your CDs every year (or more often). If inflation rises, interest rates rise to compensate.; As a result, the single most imortant rule in building a portfolio is this: If you don’t need
育明考博 免费咨询报名电话：400-668-6978咨询QQ：493371626（李老师） 2015考博QQ交流群105619820 2015考博QQ英语群335488903 2015考博QQ专业课群157460416 2015长安大学考博英语分析 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。 (3）、你的研究方向和我一样......各种一大堆他的研究方向和你相关，欢迎报考什么的话。不
科目代码:812科目名称：管理学 适用专业:会计学企业管理技术经济及管理旅游管理 一、简答题（每题10分，共60分） 1、根据明茨伯格的理论，管理者应扮演哪些角色? 2、计划具有哪些性质？ 3、什么是职能部门化?其优缺点是什么? 4、决定行业竞争的五种力量是什么？ 5、简述目标管理理论的内容。 6、请简述X理论、Y理论的主要内容。 二、论述题（每题30分，共60分） 1、管理人员把制定决策看成他们的中心工作，因此有“制定决策是管理人员的首要工作”或“管理就是决策”的说法。请论述决策的原则和依据，并联系实际分析，为什么经验既是做决策要付出的代价、又是做决策的危险源？管理人员怎样才能做到最有效地利用经验？ 2、在“大众创业，万众创新”的背景下，创新成为企业一项重要的管理职能。请联系企业实际，论述创新职能的基本内容以及企业管理者如何有效进行创新管理。 三、案例分析（30分） 阅读案例素材并回答问题： 汇源的社会责任 春节刚过，天气仍然寒冷，但北京顺义汇源果汁集团的办公大楼内却是一片春意盎然，来自全国各地的退伍军人高高兴兴地前来应聘报到。 据悉，这批退伍军人是汇源果汁集团从2009年9月启动的“招聘5000名退伍军人”行动的受益者。截至目前，已有千余名退伍军人陆续落实岗位安置。 把员工培养成才是企业最大的社会责任 2009年，经济危机席卷全球，汇源在对所有员工承诺不裁员、不降薪的同时，逆势而动，面向全社会展开大招聘，入职人数达到一万多人。此举引发了社会的广泛关注和好评，不仅提升了员工的士气，同时也为疲软的中国就业市场注入了一剂强心针。 让员工在汇源有学头、有干头、有奔头，是汇源的一贯原则。在汇源，常年开设各种类型的培训班，并把大学办到了企业里，使员工不出厂门就能圆了大学梦。同时，还不间断地把管理
考博英语（阅读理解）历年真题试卷汇编3 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) The United Nations Population Fund has picked October 31 as the day the world will be home to 7 billion people. For better and worse, it's a milestone. And there will be more milestones ahead. Fourteen years from now, there are expected to be 8 billion people on the planet. Most of the growth will occur in the world's poorer countries. Proportionally, Europe's population will decline, while Africa's will increase. At around the same time, India will overtake China as the most populous nation on Earth. The growing global population is just one side of the coin. A recent report from the World Health Organization signaled the seriousness of the human population explosion: more than 3 billion people — about half the world's population — are malnourished. Never before have so many, or such a large proportion, of the world's people been malnourished. And in a growing number of countries there is a seemingly unstoppable march toward sub-replacement fertility, whereby each new generation is less populous than the previous one, and population aging. As a result of declining fertility and increasing longevity, the populations of more and more countries are aging raging rapidly. Between 2005 and 2050, a rise in the population aged 60 years or over will be visible, whereas the number of children(persons under age 15)will decline slightly. Population aging represents, in one sense, a success story for mankind, but it also poses profound challenges to public institutions that must adapt to a changing age structure. The latest national census in China shows the number of elderly people in the country has jumped to more than 13. 3 percent of the population, an increase of nearly 3 percentage points on the percentage from the previous census in 2000. A quarter of the country's population will be over 65 by 2050, according to the National Population and Family Planning Commission. The growing number of elderly is a challenge that the government needs to tackle, we can't rely on the ever-increasing population to support them or maintain the nation's economic growth. Better solutions are needed, such as raising retirement ages to reflect the greater longevity and working capability of today's older adults and making adjustments so pension programs are more accessible. It was heartening to hear the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security spokesperson announced in Beijing on Tuesday that the government will take retirement policy seriously and proactively. Shanghai began testing a flexible retirement system last October. Eligible employees in the private sector are allowed to postpone retirement until the age of 65 for men and 60 for women. Public servants, however, will continue to retire under the present system age 60 for men and 55 for women.（分数：10.00） (1).According to the passage, India will______in 14 years.（分数：2.00） A.be a poorer country B.be the most populous country C.decline in population D.increase investment in Africa (2).What problem will result from the global population explosion?（分数：2.00） A.Population aging. B.Increasing longevity. C.Declining fertility. D.Expanding malnourishment. (3).Population on aging represents the following EXCEPT______.（分数：2.00） A.rapid economic development B.challenge to public in institutions C.success story of mankind
【试题】2005－2008年宁波大学管理学试题 - 06年及之前用的书不一样，参考意义不大。之后的题都是配套习题书上的原题。一本书够，课本都不用看。 宁波大学2005年攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试试题 一，名词解释（6；3） 1，道德 2，核心价值观 3，计划工作 4，授权 5，柔性组织 6，绩效评估 二，判断题（16；2） 1，管理是为实现特定目标的有组织的群体活动。（） 2，科学管理法的本质是管理知识理论化。（） 3，组织中的冲突是可以避免的。（） 4，民族文化对雇员的影响要小于组织文化的影响。（） 5，管理的失误是不可避免的。（） 6，物质奖励越多，其激励的边际效用越大。 7，创新的过程是一个充满失败的过程 8，信息与数据是同一语 9，管理的首要职能是决策 10，组织目标的确定是以提高效率为基本前提 11，从事管理工作的人就是管理者 12，领导理论是关于领导的有效性的理论 13，一个人的动机强度取决于他认为自己能够实现理想的工作业绩的可能性 14，下级参与决策程度越高，则决策的质量就越高 15，管理是一门不精确的学科 16，企业的生命力在于其技术创新的速度 三，简答题（5；8） 1，成功管理者的基本特征 2，职能理论与角色理论哪个更能说明管理者做什么的问题 3，企业社会责任的表现形式 4，管理人员没有或不愿授权的主要原因 5，魅力型领导者与事务型领导者相比其优点 四，论述题（3；20） 1，以企业为例，论述导入企业文化的主要契机 2，以企业为例，论述企业设计激励机制时应考虑的主要因素 3，论述目标管理中的目标具有的特征 2006年宁波大学管理学 一，名词解释18分 1，业务计划 2，核心目标 3，组织结构
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Structure and Vocabu(总题数：25，分数：50.00) 1.Recent research into aging suggests that the body's defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题)（分数： 2.00） A.insane B.infectious C.foreign D.poisonous 2.It is impossible to ______ whether she'll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)（分数：2.00） A.foresee B.infer C.fabricate D.inhibit 3.She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.（分数：2.00） A.released B.freed C.forgiven D.regretted 4.Boris Yeltsin, Russia's ______ present, died. His funeral in Moscow was attended by a bevy of world leaders past and present.(2009年北京大学考博试题)（分数：2.00） A.prior B.past C.former https://www.doczj.com/doc/412383049.html,te 5.Since his retirement, Peter Smith, who was ______ a teacher, has written four novels.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)（分数：2.00） https://www.doczj.com/doc/412383049.html,tely https://www.doczj.com/doc/412383049.html,ually C.formerly D.already 6.When she was asked why she was ahsent for the party, no answer was______. (2007年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00） A.imminent B.urgent C.emergent D.forthcoming 7.Some young people have made a(n)______ by developing private business.（分数：2.00） A.fund B.wealth C.fortune D.estate 8.A group of scholars from several countries were holding a ______ on new trend of literature.(2006年中国矿业大学考博试题)（分数：2.00） A.fort B.foam
宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上) 科目代码：812总分值：150科目名称：管理学 一、名词解释（每道题6分，5道题，共30分） 1、程序化决策 2、正规化 3、控制 4、创新 5、保健因素 二、简答题（每道题10分，3道题，共30分） 1、简述管理中效率与效益的关系。 2、简述机械式组织与有机式组织的不同。 3、简述管理者需要的三种技能。 三、论述题（每道题20分，2道题，共40分） 1、管理者不做计划的理由有哪些？为什么管理者还是需要做计划工作？ 2、在组织设计中，有人说集权好，有人说分权好，你怎么看待组织中的权力配置问题？ 四、案例分析题（每个案例25分，2个案例，共50分） 案例1：王华的烦恼 王华大学毕业后加入了曾实习过的保险公司，并接替刚退休的李军成为保险单更换部的主管，直接负责25名员工。公司有一位张丽，今年50岁了，在保险单更换部工作了10多年，而且作为一位“老太太”在员工群体中很有份量。但王华发现，和张丽关系较好的一群员工凝聚力很强，但在工作效率上总是没有预想的那么高。王华试图纠正这种情形，但张丽总以“我们一直就以这种速度工作的”为理由而拒绝接受王华的提议。这让王华很烦恼，不知该如何处理。 问题分析： 4-1请用相关管理理论解释张丽为什么在员工群体中很有分量？（10分） 4-2从领导视角看，王华烦恼的真正根源是什么？该如何解决？（15分） 案例2：福特5美元
宁波大学2019年硕士研究生招生考试初试试题(A卷) (答案必须写在考点提供的答题纸上) 科目代码：812总分值：150科目名称：管理学 1914年1月5日，福特宣布将工人日薪金提高到5美元。福特在日薪金5美元的政策中，有一个特殊规定，即：如果你不符合下列条件，那么只能享受2.38美元的日标准工资：（1）同家人生活在一起的已婚者，并乐意照顾家庭； （2）如果你是年龄22岁以上的单身，那么，你要为人节俭； （3）如果你的年龄在22岁以下，若有近亲或血亲要你帮助，那么你也可以享受。 注：在当时的历史条件下，5美元日薪金具有开创意义，也产生了轰动效应。有将近一万两千名求职者围住了福特公司，而在开往福特公司所在地——底特律的各种车辆上，还有成千上万的人源源不断地赶来。 问题分析： 4-3福特为什么要这样做？（10分） 4-4在当时的历史背景下，一般来说，工人的工资是怎样制定的？福特这样做会产生怎样的影响？（15分）
历年真题 2000年北京大学博士研究生入学考试英语试题 PartⅡStructure & Written Expression Directions: In each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (25%) 1．Thomas Wolfe portrayed people so that you came to know their yearnings, their impulses, and their warts-this was effective______． A．motivation B．point of view C．characterization D．background 2．The appeal to the senses known as______is especially common in poetry． A．imaginative B．imaginable C．ingenious D．imagery 3．If you've got a complaint, the best thing is to see the person concerned and______with him．A．tell it B．have it out C．say it D．have it known 4．There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in men's clothing, but none of them______． A．has caught on B．has caught him out C．has caught up D．take roots 5．The retired engineer plunked down＄50,000in cash for a mid-size Mercedes as a present for his wife______a purchase with money made in the stock market the week before． A．paid off B．paid through C．paid out D．paid for 6．He has courage all right, but in matters requiring judgment, he has often been found sadly______． A．lack it B．absent C．in need of it D．wanting 7．Danis Hayes raised the essential paradox and asked how people could have fought so hard against environmental degradation______themselves now on the verge of losing the war． A．only found B．finding only C．only to find D．have only found 8．The once separate issue of environment and development are now______linked． A．intangible B．indispensable C．inextricably D．incredibly 9．The need to see that justice is done______every decision made in the courts． A．implants into B．imposes on C．impinges upon D．imprecates upon 10．Two thirds of the U. S. basketball players are black, and the number would be greater______the continuing practice of picking white bench warmers for the sake of balance． A．was it not because of B．had it not been for C．were it not for D．would it not have been for 11．No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything______going on in the world． A．it is B．there is C．as is D．what is 12．If there is the need to compete in a crowd, to battle______the edge the surest strategy is to develop the unexpected． A．on B．for C．against D．with 13．Just as there are occupations that require college or even higher degrees, ______occupations for which technical training is necessary． A．so too there are B．so also there are C．so there are too D．so too are there 14．It is a myth that the law permits the Food and Drug Administration to ignore requirements for______drugs while brand-name drugs still must meet these rigid tests． A．specific B．generic C．intricate D．acrid 15．The very biggest and most murderous wars during the industrial age were intra-industrial wars that______Second Wave nations like Germany and Britain against one an other． A．pitted B．drove C．kept D．embarked 16．The private life of having each individual make his or her own choice of beliefs and interest______without the overarching public world of the state, which sustains a structure of law appropriate to a self-determining association． A．is not possible B．would not be possible C．will not be possible D．cannot be possible 17．From Christianity and the barbarian kingdoms of the west emerged the medieval version of politics______in tum evolved the politics of our modern world． A．of which B．from which C．on which D．by which 18．The Portuguese give a great deal of credit to one man for having promoted sea travel that