语法突破第七讲情态动词和虚拟语气
Ⅰ.用情态动词或虚拟语气的知识完成下列句子
1．(2014·高考江苏卷)It was sad to me that they，so poor themselves，________ bring me food.
解析：句意：让我难过的是，他们自己那么贫穷，竟然还给我带来食物。本题考查情态动词。情态动词should可以表示说话人惊讶的语气，意为“竟然”。
答案：should
2．(2014·高考湖南卷)—I've prepared all kinds of food for the picnic.
—Do you mean we ________ bring anything with us?
解析：句意：——我已经为野餐准备好了各种食物。——你的意思是说我们不必再带任何东西了吗？本题考查情态动词。根据上下文可知设空处表示“不必”。
答案：needn't
3．(2013·高考课标全国Ⅰ卷)The door ________ open，no matter how hard she pushed. 解析：句意：不管她怎么用力推，门就是打不开。will/would可用来表示主语的倾向，其否定形式will not/would not可译为“就是不……”。will指现在，would指过去。此处open主动形式表示被动意义。本句题干中有“pushed”，故设空处填wouldn't。
答案：wouldn't
4．(2013·高考课标全国Ⅱ卷)Since nobody gave him any help，he ________ have done the research on his own.
解析：句意：既然没有人帮助他，他一定是独自完成了这项研究。根据题干中“Since n obody gave him any help”可判断设空处表示肯定的推测。
答案：must
5．(2013·高考天津卷)If he had sp ent more time practising speaking English before，he ________ able to speak it much better now.
解析：句意：如果他以前花更多的时间练习说英语，他现在就能说得更好些。本题为错综时间条件句，即if从句与过去事实相反，主句与现在事实相反。与现在事实相反的主句谓语部分为“wou ld/should/could/might＋动词原形”。
答案：would be
6．(2013·高考安徽卷)I ________(go)to my cousin's birthday party last night，but I was not available.
解析：句意：我昨天晚上本来想要/本应该去我表兄的生日聚会，但是没有空。句中的时间状语last night明确表示应该是对过去事实的虚拟，故答案是would/should have gone。答案：would/should have gone
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．—Catherine，I have cleaned the room for you.
—Thanks.You shouldn’t have done it .I could have managed it myself.
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2．Tom，you needn’t leave all your clothes on the floor like this!
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3．—Excuse me.Is this the right way to the Bird’s Nest?
—Very sorry，I’m not sure.But it must be.
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4．—Did you go with them?
—No，I was very busy，but I would have gone if I had.
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5．Don’t always make noises.I’d rather you keep silent.
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答案：1.shouldn't→needn't 2.needn't→mustn't 3.must→might 4.had→hadn't 5.keep→k ept
Ⅲ.根据提示翻译下面的句子
1．至于我，应该从我上学的路上开始。(s hould)
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2．因此，我没能够抽出时间及时给你回复。(couldn't)
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3．我真诚地希望你们能给我一次机会，我相信我将会成为一个好主席的。(can)
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4．再试一次，他们可能得到他们梦想的东西。(may)
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5．如果你们能立刻采取措施我将不胜感激。(would)
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答案：1.As for me，it should start on my way to s chool.
2．Therefore，I couldn't spare enough time to write back to you in time.
3．I sincerely hope you can give me a chance and I'm sure I will be a good president. 4．With another try，they may gain what they dream of.
5．I would appreciate it greatly if you can take action at once.
Ⅳ.语篇填空
在下面短文中的空白处填上括号内单词的正确形式使短文意思通顺
I am a middle school student.I have many dreams.If there 1.________(be)not so much homework，I would have more time to do what I like to do.How I wish I 2.________(listen)to my favorite music for an hour a day and 3.________(play)table tennis for an hour in the morning.It’s my desire that we 4.________(hold)evening
情态动词与虚拟语气 (1)情态动词的基本用法：①can与be able to的区别；②must与have to的区别；③shall的用法；④should的用法；⑤used to与would的用法；⑥may与might 的用法；⑦need与dare的用法； (2)情态动词表推测：①对现在和将来情况的推测；②对过去情况的推测； (3)虚拟语气的用法：①条件从句及含蓄条件引出的虚拟语气(but for, without, otherwise等)；②wish后跟宾语从句中的虚拟语气；③if only, as if/though, would rather, It's high time后跟从句中的虚拟语气；④表示“建议，要求，命令，坚持”等词后跟从句中的虚拟语气。 注意几个考点： must“非得，偏要”, 用于疑问句或条件从句中； shall用于第二、三人称表示警告、命令、威胁、允诺、规定等； should“竟然” cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”；“越……越好” May you succeed！祝你成功！ may/might as well＋动词原形”意为“最好，倒不如” must强调主观方面的必须否定形式是needn't/don't have to have to表示“不得不，必须”，强调客观因素所迫而必须去做的事情 would可以表示过去的习惯性动作，比used to正式，但没有“现已无此习惯”的含义 ※shall的用法 (1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 Shall I go out for a walk after supper? 晚饭后我可以散散步吗？ (2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁，或用于正式法律、条规中。 —Will you read me a story, Mummy? —OK. You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.[摘自2011·陕西高考] ——妈妈，给我讲个故事好吗？ ——好的，如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ※should的用法 (1)表示一种“义务或职责”，通常理解为“应该”。 You should take the medicine with a full glass of water. 你应该用满满一杯水来服这种药。 (2)表示惊奇、赞叹、不满等情绪。 It never occurred to me that she should lie to me again. 我从来没有想到她竟然又骗我。
情态动词与虚拟语气 【语法要点】 情态动词 所谓情态动词是指它含有一定的含义，可以表达某种感情和说话的语气，但是它不可以单独使用 作谓语动词。学习情态动词主要学习英语国家的语言习惯和表达法，特别是在口语中不要过分追求原理，更不要不根据说话场合而进行推理，编造出一些语法结构正确的中文式英语。 一、情态动词的类型 1.只作情态动词的有：must、can、could、may、might、ought to 2.既可作情态动词又可作实义动词的有：need、dare 3.既可作情态动词又可作助动词的有：shall、should、will、would 二、情态动词的特征 1.表示说话人的情感态度，不能单独作谓语，与行为动词或连系动词一起作谓语。 2.情态动词没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。 3.具有助动词的特征：可用来构成否定句、疑问句或简短答语。 三、情态动词的用法 1.表示能力 （1）表示现在的能力，用can 或be able to。表示一般的能力时多用can，表示“经过努力成功 的做成某事”用be able to。 （2）表示过去的能力，用could或was/were be able to。区别同上。 （3）表示将来的能力，用will be able to。 2.表示推测、可能性 （1）can 用在肯定句中表示客观的可能性，而不表示具体事情实际发生的可能性。 例如：Accidents can happy on such rainy days. （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性的情态动词，其表示可能性的层次如下表： 情态动词肯定式否定式疑问式 must 必定、必然、一定 will 很可能、大概不会、不该会,,吗？ would 可能性较will 小不会、不该（较won’t 弱）会,,吗？（较will 弱） should 应该会、理应（表示合乎理想的情况或结果） ought to 与should 同义 can 一定不会、不可能（否定推测）有可能吗？ could 可疑的可能不可能（与can’t 同义）有可能吗？（较can 弱）may 或许、可能、说不定可能不 might 或许、可能（较may 弱）可能不（较may not 弱） 注意→（1）may，must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句。 （2）can 常用于否定句，疑问句和感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思。could 既可用于肯定句，又可用于否定句、疑问句中。
@ 情态动词和虚拟语气 1. Jack descried his father, who ________a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-wiled man A. would be B. would have been C. must be D. must have been ） 2. —Good morning. I've got an appointment with Miss Smith in the Personnel Department. —Ah, good morning. You _______ be Mrs. Peters. A. might B. must C. would D. can recommend parents _______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety. ~ A. not allow B. do not allow C. mustn’t allow D. couldn’t allow 4. You_______ buy a gift, but you can if you want to. A. must B. mustn't C. have to D. don't have to 5. —I haven’t got the reference book yet, but I’ll have a test on the subject next month. —Don’t worry. You________ have it by Friday. A. could B. shall C. must D. may w_w w. k#s 6. I have told you the truth I keep repeating it A. Must B. Can C. May D. Will ~ 7. Doctors say that exercise is important for health, but it _______ be regular exercise. A. can B. will C. must D. may 8. Just be patient. You ________ expect the world to change so soon. A. can’t B. needn’t C. may not D. will not 9. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ________ see you now. He’s busy. A. can’t B. mustn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 10. I _______ have watched that movie—it’ll give me horrible dreams. A. shouldn’t B. needn’t C. couldn’t D. mustn’t < 11. –May I take this book out of the reading room –No, you . You read it in here. A. mightn’t B. won’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t 12. —Sorry, Professor Smith. I didn't finish the assignment yesterday. — Oh, you _________ have done it as yesterday was the deadline. A. must B. mustn't C. should D. shouldn't 13. — _______ I take the book out —I'm afraid not. *
大学英语语法精解——情态动词 首先让我们分析以下近几年情态动词的考题： 1) This box is too heavy, _________give me a hand?(1998.1) A .would you mind B. would you please C. will you like to D. will you please to 2) Research findings show we spend about two hours dreaming every night , no matter what we ____ during the day.(1999.1) A. should have done B. would have done C. may have done D. must have done 3)It was very kind of you to do the washing-up,but you____ it.(1998.6) A. mustn't have done B. wouldn't have done C. mightn't have done D. didn't have to do 4) If you don't like to swim, you ___ stay at home.(1995.1) A. should as well B. may as well C. can as well D. would as well 5) You ____ him so closely;you should have kept your distance.(2000.6) A. shouldn't follow B. mustn't follow C. couldn't have been following D. shouldn't have been following 6) You ___her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.(1996.1) A. needn't have seen B. must have seen C. might have seen D. can't have seen 7) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____ cleaned.(1996.6) A. can't have been B. shouldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. wouldn't have been 参考答案 1) B 2) C 3) D 4) B 5) D 6) C 7) A 2．情态动词的测试要点 从以上例题可以看出，四级语法对情态动词的测试大体有以下几点。 1）情态动词的基本用法，如①④⑤。 2）情态动词+ 动词的完成形式的用法，如③⑥。 3）情态动词的推测性用法,如⑦。
一、选择题 1．—Jenny, we buy Mom presents. We can clean the house from top to bottom. —Good idea! It’s a special present for Mother’s Day. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．shouldn’t D．needn’t 2．-Listen! A wolf is crying! -It _______ be a wolf, because a wolf never comes out at this time. A．mustn’t B．needn’t C．can’t D．don’t 3．―I didn’t pass the driving test again. ―Don't worry. Just like the weather, life be beautiful all the time. A．can't B．needn't C．shouldn't D．mustn't 4．—________your house be cleaned right now？ —No,it needn't.It may be cleaned this afternoon．（） A．Must B．May C．Can 5．—Is that cap Bob’s? —No, it ________ be his. His is blue. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．may not 6．（江苏省无锡市锡北片2017届九年级下学期期中考试）—Where are you going for your summer holiday? —We go to Yun Nan, but we haven’t decided yet. A．should B．will C．may D．must 7．—How nice the building is! What is it for? —It ________ a hotel. But I’m not sure. A．must be B．have to be C．may be D．can be 8．—______ you please tell me something about the life in Canada or America? —Sorry, I______. I don’t know either. I’m from Australia. A．Could; couldn’t B．Can; couldn’t C．Could; can’t D．Can; mustn’t 9．— I would like________ to see a movie. —It’s too late. You’d better ________alone. A．to go, go B．go, not go C．to go, not go D．going, go 10．— I wonder if these are Jim's glasses. —They _____his. He doesn't wear glasses. A．might be B．could be C．can't be 11．I see the blackboard. I need to have my glasses. A．can B．can’t C．must D．mustn’t 12．I’m sorry, childre n over 1.4 meters________pay the full price for the show. A．may B．must C．can D．ought to 13．—Jack must be in his office, I think. —No, he be in the office. He flew to Canada this morning.
情态动词与虚拟语气 常考考点一情态动词+have done 情态动词+have done 表示对过去的虚拟
1.I have watched that movie it’ll give me horrible dreams. A.Shouldn’t ’t ’t ’t 2.Mark have hurried. After driving at top speed, he arrived half an hour early. ’t ’t ’t ’t , Professor Smith. I didn’t finish the assignment yesterday. -----Oh, you have done it as yesterday was the deadline. 、 ’t ’t
have been Tom that parked the car here, as he is the only one with a car. 5. He didn’t regret saying what he did but felt that he it differently. express B. would express have expressed have expressed 6. -----I’m sorry. I at you the other day. ------Forget it, I was a bit out of control myself. ’t shout ’t have shouted is my dictionary I remember I put it here yesterday. # -------You it in the wrong place. A.must put B. should have put put have put 8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday, I the trouble to carry my umbrella with me. have taken have taken ’t have taken D. mustn’t have taken 9. As you worked late yesterday, you have come this morning. ’t ’t ’t ’t did you do on the driving test ---------Not so well. I much better, but I was too nervous. do have done ’t have done D. should do
最新英语语法情态动词归纳总结 一、单项选择情态动词 1．Mr. Smith is almost on time for everything. How ________ it be that he was late for the meeting? A．can B．should C．may D．must 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词辨析。句意：史密斯先生几乎任何事情都是准时的。他怎么可能开会迟到了？ A. can可能，可能性，表示可能性时，常用于否定句和疑问句中，且有时还带有“惊奇、不相信” 等感情色彩。B. should 应该； C. may也许，表示可能性时常用于肯定句中，不用于疑问句中。D.must常用于肯定句中表推测，“一定……”的意思；本题是强调句型的一个变式：强调其特殊疑问句how的形式。根据前句“斯密斯先生几乎是很准时”可推测出“怎么可能开会迟到呢？”。根据句意可知，用于疑问句中的“可能性”且有不相信的色彩，四个选项只有“can”符合题意。故选A 【点睛】 情态动词就是表示说话者对事情的一种看法，也就是一种语气。情态动词的用法一直是命题者常设置的考点和重点，平时要加强记忆。 2．--- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home. --- That’s really bad. I’m sure you ______ it, but you just didn’t hurry up. A．had caught B．could have caught C．could catch D．can catch 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：——哦,我的上帝!我刚好错过了回家的末班车。——这是非常糟糕的。我肯定你能赶上，但你就是不抓紧。could have done“本来能做而没有做”。故选B。 3．-- Did Jim come? -- I don’t know. He _______ while I was out. A．might have come B．might come C．must have come D．should have come 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查情态动词推测用法。句意：Jim来了吗？--我不知道，在我不在的时候，可能来过。根据前文I don’t kn ow.可知，说话者不知道Jim来没来，因此后文推测来过，但是语气很不确定，故可知选A。对过去情况的推测为情态动词+have done，must have done 一定做了某
情态动词 有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。 情态动词 句和疑问句中表示请求，允许，意为“能够” could 是can 的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的水平在疑问句中表示委婉请求 may 表示请求、许可，意为“能够”表示推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许” might 是may的过去式,表推测，常用于肯定句中，意为“可能、也许”must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、应该”表有把握的推测，用语肯定句dare 表示敢于，主要用于否定句和疑问句中 should 意为“应该”，表示要求和命令表示劝告、建议 had better 意为“最好”，表示建议 used to意为“过去常常，表示过去的动作、行为 考点一情态动词知识清单 情态动词有具体的词义，但也同助动词一样，需要与其他词语一起构成句子的谓语，另外情态动词没哟人称和数的变化，情态动词后必须跟动词原形。 1. can 的用法 （1）表示水平、许可、可能性。表示水平时一般译为“能、会”，即有种水平，尤其是生来具备的水平，此时may 和must 均不可代替它。（2）表示可能、能够。如：I can finish it in an hour. （3）表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. （4）表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时can’t 译为“不可能”。 2.could的用法 （1）can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的水平。 （2）could 在疑问句中，表示委婉的语气，此时没有过去式的意思。 3.may的用法 （1）表示请求、许可，比can 正式， （2）表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。 （3）may的过去式为might ，表示推测时。可能性低于may 。 4. must的用法 （1）must 表示主观看法，意为“必须、一定”。 （2）其否定形式mustn’t表示“一定不要”“千万别”“禁止, 不许”.（3）对must引导的疑问句，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t或don’t have to . （4）must 表示有把握的推测，用于肯定句。当must 表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。 She must have finished writing, hasn’t she? 5. need的用法 （1）need 表示需要、必须，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为needn’t，意为“没有必要，不必”。用need 提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为needn’t。如：----Need I stay here any longer? ----Yes, you must .-----No. you needn’t . (2) need 还能够作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，后边多接动词不定式。 6. dare 的用法dare意为“敢、敢于”,用法近似于need，有两种词性： （1）dare 作为情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中，无第三人称单数形式，只有一般现在时和一般过去时。 （2）dare 作为实义动词，此时有人称、数即时态的变化。注意：在口语中，dare 的各种形式常与不带to 的不定式连用。Do you dare tell her what I said? 7. shall 的用法 （1）shall 表示征求对方意见（多用于第一、三人称）， Shall we go out for a walk? （2）表示决心、警告、命令（多用于第二、三人称）， No one shall bring your beepers or mobile phones in the exam. 8. should的用法 （1） should 意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。We should protect the environment. （2） should (would)like to do sth. 表示“想要、愿意做某事”，常用于口语中。Would you like to go with me? 你想和我一起去吗？ （3）Should have done 表示对过去动作的责备、批评。 You should have finished your homework. 9. will 的用法 will表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称。 I will help you if I’m free this afternoon. 10. had better 的用法 had better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to 的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。 We had better go now. You had better not give the book to him. 考点二含有情态动词的疑问句 1. 由can、may、must构成的疑问句 （1）句式：Can/ May/ Must…+ 主语+动词原形+….？如：Can you repair the car? Could he be a good student? May I borrow your ruler?Must we clean the room now? （2）对may 引出的问句，能够有下列回答方式：Yes, of course. Yes, certainly.Sure.No, you mustn’t.No, you can’t. （3）对must引出的疑问句，回答为：Yes, …must.No,…needn’t/don’t have to. 2. will，would，shall 的用法 （1）will 在一般疑问句中表示客气的“请求、劝说”。would 是will 的过去式，语气更加客气、委婉。Would you show me your picture book? Will you please give me a call? （2）对will/ would you…的回答方式有以下几种：Yes, I will. (No, I won’t.)Sure . (I’m sorry , I can’t.)All right.Certainly. (No, thank you .) Yes, please. （3）shall引出的疑问句用于第一人称，表示征求对方意见或客气的请求。其回答方式有以下几种：Yes, please.All right. No, thank you. 考点三不同情态动词的否定意义也不同 1. （1）can’t可译为“不会”，如：I can’t play basketball. 我不会打篮球。（2）当句子表推测时，用can’t表达不可能，He can’t be ill. He is playing chess with Tom.（3）can’t还可用来回答“ May I …?”这样的问句。May I come in ?No, you mustn’t. / can’t.（4）can’t还可用于固定习语中。She can’t help crying. 2.may 的否定式为may not ，译成“可能不”，He may not be at home. 3.（1）mustn’t表示不许，不可。He mustn’t leave his room.
专题六情态动词和虚拟语气 1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer? —It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone. A .may B .can C . must D .dare 【答案】C 【解析】 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了.我女儿一个人在家.A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢.结合句意，故选C. 【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境. 2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it. A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：如果不是我亲眼看到，我不会相信.根据后半句wouldn’t have believed 可以判断是对过去的虚拟.所以从句是if+主语+ had+done的形式.故选D. 【考点定位】虚拟语气 【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气. 3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms. A.d idn’t write B. hadn’t written C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written 【答案】D 【解析】 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器.根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句
一．情态动词 1.---Could I borrow your dictionary? ----Yes,of course you_____. A.might B. will C. can D. should 2.---Shall we go skating or stay at home? ----Which _____do yourself? A.do you rather B.would you rather C.will you rather D.should you rather 3.It’s nearly seven o’clock.Jack ___be here at any moment. A. must B need C should D can 4.A computer __think for itself ,it must be told what to do. A. can’t B couldn’t C may not D might 5. Johnny,you ___play with the knife.You ___hurt yourself. A.won’t ;can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t 6.—Shall I tell John about it? -----No,you _____.I’ve told him already. A. needn’t B.wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t 7.---Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. ----______. A.I don’t B.I won’t C.I can’t D.I haven’t 8.He ____you more help,even though he was busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 9.----There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. ---It ___a comfortbable journey. A.can’t be B.shouldn’t be C.mustn’t have been D.couldn’t have been 10.I told Sally how to get there ,but perhaps I ___for her. A.had to write it out B.must to have written it out C.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 11.---When can I come for photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. ---They ___be ready by 12:00. A.can B. should C might D need 12.---I stayed at a hotel while in New York. ----Oh,did you?You ____with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 13.-----Alice, you feed the bird today.____? -----But I fed it yesterday. A.do you B.will you C.didn’t you D.don’t you 14.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____get out. A.had to B.would C.was able to D.could
高中英语语法总结大全之情态动词 情态动词的语法特征 1）情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情，只表示期待或估计某事的发生。 2）情态动词除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不带to 的不定式。 3）情态动词没有人称，数的变化，即情态动词第三人称单数不加-s。 4）情态动词没有非谓语形式，即没有不定式，分词，等形式。 比较can 和be able to 1）can，could 表示能力；可能(过去时用could), 只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to可以用于各种时态。 They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告诉你消息了。 2）只用be able to a. 位于助动词后。 b. 情态动词后。 c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。 d. 用于句首表示条件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事时，只能用was/were able to，不能用could。 He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out. = He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out. 注意：could不表示时态 1）提出委婉的请求，（注意在回答中不可用could）。 --- Could I have the television on? --- Y es, you can. / No, you can't. 2）在否定，疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是坏人。 比较may和might 1）表示允许或请求；表示没有把握的推测；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。 May God bless you!
百度文库版权所有，侵权必究 【11年高考】2004-2014年全国各地高考英语试题分类汇编：情态动词、虚拟语气 2014全国高考汇编之虚拟语气+情态动词 一（2014安徽卷）30．People are recycling many things which they away in the past. A. had thrown B. will be throwing C. were throwing D. would have thrown 【考点】考察情态动词用法 【答案】D 【解析】句义：人们作者回收利用他们过去常常会扔掉的东西。Would have done过去常常做某事；是对过去发生的事情的推测。如果不适应情态动词，可以使用一般过去时threw。故D正确。 【举一反三】I ______ sooner but I didn’t know that they were waiting for me. A. had come B. was coming C. would come D. would have come 【答案】D 【考点】考查虚拟语气的用法。 【解析】句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。”but I didn’t know表示了过去时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done表达，故选D。 二（2014北京卷）27. ________ I have a word with you? It won’t take long. A. Can B. Must C. Shall D. Should 【考点】考察情态动词词义辨析 【答案】A 【解析】本题考察的是情态动词基本意义辨析。Can能够，可能；must必须，一定；非得；shall将要；should应该；句意：我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花很多时间的。根据句意可知本题使用can I…？表示询问对方是否允许。如：Can I use your dictionary?我可以使用你的字典吗？故A正确。 三（2014北京卷）34. We __________ back in the hotel now if you didn’t lose the map. A. are B. were C. will be D. would be 【考点】考察虚拟语气 【答案】D 【解析】本题考察的是if条件状语从句的虚拟语气。表示与现在事实相反时，条件句中使用“一般过去时/were”，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”。句意：如果你没有把地图丢了，我们现在就会在宾馆里了。根据从句的did可知本句是与现在事实相反，故D正确。 【试题延伸】条件句的虚拟语气是考查的重点。如果过去事实相反，条件句中使用过去完成时，主句使用“情态动词+have done”;如果主句与现在事实相反，条件句中使用过去时，be动词使用were,主句中使用“情态动词+动词原形”；如果与将来事实相反，条件句中有三种：过去时；were to do ;should+动词原形，主句使用“情态动词+动词原形”；要特别注意如果省略了if，句子要使用部分倒装的形式，把助动词，be动词，情态动词提之主语前。 【举一反三】Grace doesn't want to move to New York because she thinks if she there, she wouldn't be able to see her parents very often. A. lives B. would live C. having asked D. Were to live
情态动词和虚拟语气 情态动词的用法要点 一、表能力 Can Am/is/are able to 表现在的能力 Will be able to 表将来的能力 could Was/were able to 表过去得能力 Could have+过去分词：表示过去有能力做但未做 二、表推测（可能性） 1.可能性可分为客观的可能性和具体事情实际发生的可能性两种。所谓客观的（理论的）可能性即并不涉及 具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征。情态动词can可用于肯定句中表示客观的（理论的）可能性，而表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，can一般不用于肯定句。 Accidents can happen on such rainy days. We may go to the cinema tonight, but we are not sure yet. 2.表示具体事情实际发生的可能性： （2）表示具体事情实际发生的可能性时，may, must 常用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句和疑问句（may not 表示“可能不”）；can常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中，表示疑惑、惊讶或不相信等意思；could既可用于肯定句又可用于否定句、疑问句中。 This can’t/ couldn’t be done by him. This may not be done by him. He could be on his way home now. Can this be done by him? Mr Mush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep. ---Are you coming to Jeff’party? ---I’m not sure. I might go to the concert instead. (3) would, could, should, might 并不一定与过去时间有关，而表示可能性弱于它们相应的现在时形式。 This may/ might be done by him. (4)should 表推测时，表示确定或可能有的未来或期望，即合乎理想的情况或结果 He ought to/ should be here on time---he started early enough. We should arrive before dark. The roads should be less crowded today. 三、表示请求、允许、允诺 1.当对方是决策者时，你代表你（们）自己（I, we），或代表第三者（he she they）向对方（you）请示或提 出建议时用：