专业英语培训论文
学院：数学与信息科学学院
专业：信息与计算科学
学号：08102209
姓名：罗书云
指导老师:张美英
2011-6-18
一、专业词汇
1 abel inequality
2 abel summation method
3 abelian equation
4 abelian functor
5 abelian groupoid
6 abridged notation
7 abscissa 8 abscissa of absolute convergence 9 abscissa of summability
10 absolute address 11 absolute coding 12 absolute conic
13 absolute curvature vector 14 absolute differential calculus 15 absolute frequency
16 absolute geometry 17 abstraction operator 18 accelerated motion
19 acceleration of convergence 20 acceleration of gravity 21 access speed
22 accessible boundary point 23 accidental error 24 accumulated error
25 accuracy grade 26 accuracy of measurement 27 acnod
28 adjoint vector 29 adjunct 30 admissibility limit
31 admissible category 32 admissible decision rule 33 admissible homomorphism 34 admissible sequence 35 admissible subgroup 36 affine differential geometry 37 affine function 38 affine length 39 affine rational transformation
40 allowable error 41 alpha capacity 42 angular frequency
43 angular metric 44 decimal part 45 decimal representation
46 decomposable matrix 47 dense in itself set 48 denseness of set
49 dependent equations 58 derivability 51 derivation
52 derivative of higher order 53 difference differential equation 54 derived functor 55difference quotient 56 differentiable function 57differential and integral calculus
58 elliptic motion 59 elliptic orbit 60 elliptic system
61empty mapping 62 empty set 63 endless
64 equivalent equation 65 equivalent functions 66 equivalent proposition
67 error analysis 68 error coefficient 69 exactitude
70 exchange integral 71 exchange theorem 72 extremal function
73 extremal point 74face of a polyhedron 75 factor analysis
76 finite cyclic group 77 finite field 78 focal plane
79 folium of descartes 80 formula 81 formula of propositional logic
82 foundation of geometry 83 first integral 84 formula of propositional logic
85 functional 86 functional analysis 87 functional dependence
88 functional matrix 89 gaussian sum 90 general polynomial
91 general reciprocal 92 general solution 93 greater than or equal to
94 harmonic analyzer 95 homogeneous equation 96 homogeneous function
97 homogeneous integral equation 98 homogeneous lineare transformation
99hyperbolic cosine
100 implicit function 101 improper limit value 102 indivisible
103 induction method 104 interpolation 105 interpolation formula
106 interpolation of operators 107 intersecting lines 108 invertible element 109 invertible map 110 irrational 111 irrational fraction
112 iterate 113 lagrangian function 114 left coset
115 limitless 116 mathematical analysis 117 matricial rank
118 median 119 mu continuity 120 mu integrable
二、专业英文论文原文
New technique of the computer network
Abstract
The 21 century is an ages of the information economy, being the computer network technique of representative techniques this ages, will be at very fast speed develop soon in continuously creatively, and will go deep into the people's work, life and study. Therefore, control this technique and then seem to be more to deliver the importance. Now I mainly introduce the new technique of a few networks in actuality live of application.
1. Foreword
Internet turns 36, still a work in progress
Thirty-six years after computer scientists at UCLA linked two bulky computers using a 15-foot gray cable, testing a new way for exchanging data over networks, what would ultimately become the Internet remains a work in progress.
University researchers are experimenting with ways to increase its capacity and speed. Programmers are trying to imbue Web pages with intelligence. And work is underway to re-engineer the network to reduce Spam (junk mail) and security troubles.
All the while threats loom: Critics warn that commercial, legal and political pressures could hinder the types of innovations that made the Internet what it is today.
Stephen Crocker and Vinton Cerf were among the graduate students who joined UCLA professor Len Klein rock in an engineering lab on Sept. 2, 1969, as bits of meaningless test data flowed silently between the two computers. By January, three other "nodes" joined the fledgling network.
Then came e-mail a few years later, a core communications protocol called TCP/IP in the late 70s, the domain name system in the 80s and the World
Wide Web - now the second most popular application behind e-mail - in 1990. The Internet expanded beyond its initial military and educational domain into businesses and homes around the world.
Today, Crocker continues work on the Internet, designing better tools for collaboration. And as security chairman for the Internet's key oversight body, he is trying to defend the core addressing system from outside threats.
He acknowledges the Internet he helped build is far from finished, and changes are in store to meet growing demands for multimedia. Network providers now make only "best efforts" at delivering data packets, and Crocker said better guarantees are needed to prevent the skips and stutters now common with video.
Cerf, now at MCI Inc., said he wished he could have designed the Internet with security built-in. Microsoft Corp.Yahoo Inc. and America Online Inc., among others, are currently trying to retrofit the network so e-mail senders can be authenticated - a way to cut down on junk messages sent using spoofed addresses.
Many features being developed today wouldn't have been possible at birth given the slower computing speeds and narrower Internet pipes, or bandwidth, Cerf said.
2.Digital Certificates
Digital certificates are data files used to establish the identity of people and electronic assets on the Internet. They allow for secure, encrypted online communication and are often used to protect online transactions.
Digital certificates are issued by a trusted third party known as a certification authority (CA). The CA validates the identity of a certificate holder and ?signs? the certificate to attest that it hasn’t been forged or altered in any way.
New Uses For Digital Certificates
Digital certificates are now being used to provide security and validation for wireless connections, and hardware manufacturers are one of the latest groups to use them. Not long ago, Version Inc. announced its Cable Modem Authentication Services, which allow hardware manufacturers to embed digital certificates into cable modems to help prevent the pirating of broadband services through device cloning.
Using Version software, hardware makers can generate cryptographic keys and corresponding digital certificates those manufacturers or cable service providers can use to automatically identify individual modems.
This ‘ast-mile’authentication not only protects the value of existing content and services but also positions cable system operators to bring a broad new range of content, applications and value-added services to market.
When a CA digitally signs a certificate, its owner can use it as an electronic passport to prove his identity. It can be presented to Web sites, networks or individuals that require secure access.
Identifying information embedded in the certificate includes the holder’ s name and e-mail address, the name of the CA, a serial number and any activation or expiration data for the certificate. When the CA verifies a user’s identity, the certificate uses the holder’s public encry ption key to protect this data。
Certificates that a Web server uses to confirm the authenticity of a Web site for a user’s browser also employ public keys. When a user wants to send confidential information to a Web server, such as a credit-card number for an online transaction, the browser will access the public key in the server’s digital certificate to verify its identity.
Role of Public-Key Cryptography
The public key is one half of a pair of keys used in public-key cryptography, which provides the foundation for digital certificates.
Public-key cryptography uses matched public and private keys for encryption and decryption. These keys have a numerical value that’s used
by an algorithm to scramble information and make it readable only to users with the corresponding decryption key.
Others to encrypt information meant only for that person use a person’s public key. When he receives the information, he uses his corresponding private key, which is kept secret, to decrypt the data. A person's public key can be distributed without damaging the private key. A Web server using a digital certificate can use its private key to make sure that only it can decrypt confidential information sent to it over the Internet.
The Web server’s certificate is validated by a self-signed CA certificate that identifies the issuing CA. CA certificates are preinstalled on most major Web browsers, including Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator.
The CA certificate tells users whether they can trust the Web server certificate when it’s presented t o the browser. If the validity of the Web server certificate is affirmed, the certificate’s public key is used to secure information for the server using Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) technology.
Digital certificates are used by the SSL security protocol to create a secure ?pipe? between two parties that seek confidential communication. SSL is used in most major Web browsers and commercial Web servers.
3. Digital Wallets
----A digital wallet is software that enables users to pay for goods on the Web ．It holds credit-card numbers and other personal information such as a shipping address ．Once entered，the data automatically populates order fields at merchant sites ．
----When using a digital wallet，consumers don’t need to fill out order forms on each site when they purchase an item because the information has already been stored and is automatically updated and entered into the order fields across merchant sites ．Consumers also benefit when using digital wallets because their information is encrypted or protected by a private software code ．And merchants benefit by receiving protection against fraud ．
----Digital wallets are available to consumers free of charge，and they’re fairly easy to obtain ．For example，when a consumer makes a purchase at a merchant site th at’s set up to handle server-side digital wallets，he types his name and payment and shipping information into the merchant’s own form ．At the end of the purchase，one consumer is asked to sign up for a wallet of his choice by entering a user name and password for future purchases ．Users can also acquire wallets at a wallet vendor’s site ．
----Although a wallet is free for consumers，vendors charge merchants for wallets ．
----Digital wallets come in two main types: client-side and server- side ．Within those divisions are wallets that work only on specific merchant sites and those that are merchant agnostic ．
----Client-based digital wallets，the older of the two types，are falling by the wayside，according to analysts，because they require users to download and install software ．A user downloads the wallet application and inputs payment and mailing information ．At that point，the information is secured and encrypted on the user’s hard drive ．The user retains control of his credit card and personal information locally ．
----With a server-based wallet，a user fills out his personal information，and a cookie is automatically downloaded ．(A cookie is a text file that contains information about the user ．）In this scenario，the consumer information resides on the server of a financial institution or a digital wallet vendor rather than on the user’s PC ．
----Server-side wallets provide assurance against merchant fraud because they use certificates to verify the identity of all parties ．When a party makes a transaction，it presents its certificate to the other parties involved ．A certificate is an attachment to an electronic message used to verify the identity of the party and to provide the receiver with the means to encode a reply ．
----Furthermore，the cardholder’s sensitiv e data is typically housed at a financial institution，so there’s an extra sense of security because financial environments generally provide the highest degree of security ．
----But even though wallets provide easy shopping online， adoption hasn’t been wi despread。
----Standards are pivotal to the success of digital wallets ．
----Last month，major vendors，including Microsoft Corp ．，Sun Microsystems Inc ．and America Online Inc ．announced their endorsement of a new standard called EMCL，or E-Commerce Modeling Language，to give Web merchants a standardized way to collect electronic data for shipping，billing and payment ．
4. Grid Storage
Definition: Grid storage, analogous to grid computing, is a new model for deploying and managing storage distributed across multiple systems and networks, making efficient use of available storage capacity without requiring a large, centralized switching system.
A grid is, in fact, a meshed network in which no single centralized switch or hub controls routing. Grids offer almost unlimited scalability in size and performance because they aren’t constrained by the need for ever-larger central switches. Grid networks thus reduce component costs and produce a reliable and resilient structure.
Applying the grid concept to a computer network lets us harness available but unused resources by dynamically allocating and deal locating capacity, bandwidth and processing among numerous distributed computers. A computing grid can span locations, organizations, machine architectures and software boundaries, offering power, collaboration and information access to connected users. Universities and research facilities are using grids to build what amounts to supercomputer capability from PCs, Macintoshes and Linux boxes.
After grid computing came into being, it was only a matter of time before a similar model would emerge for making use of distributed data storage. Most storage networks are built in star configurations, where all servers and storage devices are connected to a single central switch. In contrast, grid topology is built with a network of interconnected smaller switches that can scale as bandwidth increases and continue to deliver improved reliability and higher performance and connectivity.
Based on current and proposed products, it appears that a grid storage system should include the following:
Modular storage arrays: These systems are connected across a storage network using serial ATA disks. The systems can be block-oriented storage arrays or network-attached storage gateways and servers.
Common virtualization layer: Storage must be organized as a single logical pool of resources available to users.
Data redundancy and availability: Multiple copies of data should exist across nodes in the grid, creating redundant data access and availability in case of a component failure.
Common management: A single level of management across all nodes should cover the areas of data security, mobility and migration, capacity on demand, and provisioning.
Simplified platform/management architecture: Because common management is so important, the tasks involved in administration should be organized in modular fashion, allowing the auto discovery of new nodes in the grid and automating volume and file management.
Three Basic Benefits
Applying grid topology to a storage network provides several benefits, including the following:
Reliability. A well-designed grid network is extremely resilient. Rather than providing just two paths between any two nodes, the grid offers multiple paths between each storage node. This makes it easy to service and replace components in case of failure, with minimal impact on system availability or downtime.
Performance. The same factors that lead to reliability also can improve performance. Not requiring a centralized switch with many ports eliminates a potential performance bottleneck, and applying load-balancing techniques to the multiple paths available offers consistent performance for the entire network.
Scalability. It’s easy to expand a grid network using inexpe nsive switches with low port counts to accommodate additional servers for increased performance, bandwidth and capacity. In essence, grid storage is a way to scale out rather than up, using relatively inexpensive storage building blocks.
三、专业中文论文原文
关于提高信息与计算科学专业的就业竞争力的对策探讨
一、影响信息与计算科学专业就业竞争力的原因浅析
1.从专业的发展的现状来看
信息与计算科学是由信息科学、计算科学和运筹学与控制科学等学科交叉渗透而形成的一个新的专业。迄今为止,全国已有近500所高校开设了信息与计算科学专业,但相当多的院校存在着办学经验不足,师资力量匮乏,以及办学条件、教材等诸多因素的影响,在培养学生的过程中出现了这样或那样的问题。
首先,专业定位不明确。由于该专业是由老的计算数学或应用数学专业改造而成,因而存在照搬旧专业培养模式的现象,很多学校要么是以计算数学及其应用软件为发展方向,要么是以计算机科学作为发展方向,无法适应当前经济发展对人才的培养要求及就业市场的需求。
其次,课程体系混乱。由于专业定位不明确,因而造成了课程体系混乱,有的是开的计算数学的专业课程体系,有的则完全按照计算机专业的课程课程体系开设,更有的是开设一部分数学,一部分计算机,一部分管理课程,造成该专业看似是“什么行业都能胜任”的万金油,实则是“蜻蜓点水”,影响学生的就业。
再者,实践教学环节不完善。目前,信息与计算科学专业学生的实践教学环节仍然比较薄弱,这一点主要体现在如下两点。
(1)理论多,实践少。以理论教学为主,实践教学则只作为理论教学的一个论证环节和补充而被摆在了次要地位。造成学生抱怨所学课程过于枯燥,没有实际应用,学习的积极性也不高。只有书本的知识,没有实际的应用经历,严重影响了学生的就业。当前如“ 雨后春笋”般呈现的各种IT技能培训班,能在几个月甚至更短的时间里帮助学生掌握一定的专业技能从而实现顺利就业,靠的就是强化的实践,这很值得高校的思考与借鉴。
(2)没有建立固定的校外实习基地供学生完成课程实践以及毕业设计环节,只有一部分毕业生在最后一个学期分散到一些企业去实习,这在一定程度上影响到了实践活动的质量和综合能力培养。
2. 从毕业生自身来看首先,缺少职业规划。职业规划是大学生迈入社会的第一个规划,职业指导专家施华锋说,职业规划是大学生进入社会前应做的关键工作。没有职业规划,人生没有方向,做好这个规划有助于帮助大学生清晰定位。如果不做好职业规划,人生就会没有方向。大学生在求职时,应该尽量客观地审视自己,充分分析自己的专业、兴趣、爱好、特长等,找到真正适合自己的职业。
再者,对于大学生职业发展而言,自己唯一可控的就是自己的就业能力。对个人而言,就业能力包括专业能力与市场能力两个部分。专业能力取决于他们所拥有的知识、技能与态度等资产以及他们使用和配置这些资产的方式,而市场能力取决于他们向雇主展示这些资产的方式以及他们寻找工作的特定环境,特别是所面临的劳动力市场环境。在专业能力方面,以敬业精神、职业道德和职业操守为代表的态度型资产是大学生专业能力中的关键,以解决问题能力为代表的知识技能型资产是专业能力的基石。在市场能力方面,为寻找更好的职业发展机会,大学生必须要了解现在整个劳动力市场,特别是大学生的劳动力市场的总体供求数量信息和结构信息,要了解职位具体的职责要求,要了解自己个人就业能力的水平,同时还必须改进自己的展示能力。所谓展示的能力最核心的问题就是大学生如何把自身的各种资本、能力的信息传递给市场,让市场明白自己的价值。如何把自己所拥有的专业能力通过自己的语言或者测试的方式表达给市场。
3.从社会来看
首先,社会经济发展的程度和速度始终是就业市场兴旺发达的生命线。社会需求量大的专业,学生会对照用人单位的标准,不断完善自己。相反,学生会陷入无目标的迷茫状态。信息与计算科学是新兴的边缘学科,社会普通认可程度不高。甚至不少用人单位把“信息与计算科学”等同于“计算机科学与技术”。从各类招聘会以及网上招聘会对专业需求的数据来看,指定要信息与计算科学专业毕业生的单位微乎其微。甚至报考国家公务员几乎通不过专业审查。这些社会现象严重打击学生的学习热情。越是工作找不到,越是不愿意学习;越是不好好学习,工作越是找不到。长此以往,必然会陷入恶性循环的怪圈。
4.从学校来看
首先,学校在某一领域内学术研究水平集中体现了该领域学生的专业竞争力。企业在挑选人才的时候,往往会优先考虑在本领域社会影响力大的学校。譬如:浙江理工大学的服装、纺织这两个专业拥有悠久的历史、深厚的专业积淀、广泛的校企联合。因而,这些毕业生供不应求。相反,信息与计算科学是新兴学科,处于发展期。教师在该领域的研究尚且刚刚起步,更别提成果了,这在一定程度上增加了学生择业的困惑,影响了就业竞争力。
其次,高校的就业指导质量高低同样也影响就业竞争力。就业指导人员的工作态度、工作方式、工作成效等对就业竞争力的影响很大。就业指导人员坚持“就业指导四年一贯制”的原则,促使学生树立“先就业,后择业”的观念,准确定位,有效规划,就能使学生在职场立于不败之地。反之亦然。
二、提高信息与计算科学专业就业竞争力的对策
1.“宽口径、有侧重”,着力构建提升毕业生就业竞争力的长效机制
信息与计算科学涵盖面很广,灵活度大。但是在专业方向选择和课程的开设上应有侧重点,不能“面面俱到”。
首先,信息与计算科学的人才培养应该遵循“强基础、宽口径、重实际”的办学指导思想。“强基础”指深厚的数学基础不能削弱,这是与计算机专业、通信工程专业和信息与管理专业的最大区别。培养学生建立数学模型和模型实现的能力。关于这一点,可以通过参加国家的数学建模大赛,提高学生的学习积极性,培养用数学思维解决实际问题。“宽口径”指基于本科教育的特点,加强与其他学科的渗透,尤其是与管理类、计算机类的交叉。“重实际”指在教学中,教师应该联系实际,培养学生的动手能力。
其次,根据目前信息与计算科学毕业生供职的行业来看今后该专业可以朝三个方向发展:侧重于信息科学方向、侧重于计算科学方向、侧重于经济管理方向。至于侧重于哪个方向,完全由高校的软、硬件条件决定。
再者,现代社会是个信息化的社会,知识的更新是日新月异,课程的设计不是一成不变的,应该根据社会的需求可适当的开设一些与社会接轨的课程。
2.增强信息与计算科学的实践环节
信息与计算科学专业本身的实践性极强。在学科发展、专业建设以及教学环节当中都应当紧密联系信息技术与计算技术的实际,特别是学科最新发展与高新技术的实际,加强学生的数学建模、数学软件应用、计算机编程等实践能力的培养。信息与计算科学专业的实践环节可由数学实验、课程设计环节构成。
首先,数学类实验。数学类课程有:数学分析、高等代数、空间解析几何、常微分方程、离散数学、复变函数与积分变换、数值分析、运筹学、数据分析。概率论与数理统计、数值分析、运筹学、数据分析都可以开设相应的实验课程,其目的:一是通过实验课, 掌握常用的数学软件( 如Matlab、SAS 等) 的使用, 加深对相关数学概念的理解。二是训练学生用数学工具解决实际问题的能力。三是以相应的数学问题为背景,要求学生自己编写程序,训练学生的算法设计与编程能力。
四、Mathematica软件介绍
Mathematica是一款科学计算软件，很好地结合了数值和符号计算引擎、图形系统、编程语言、文本系统、和与其他应用程序的高级连接。很多功能在相应领域内处于世界领先地位，截至2009年，它也是为止使用最广泛的数学软件之一。Mathematica的发布标志着现代科技计算的开始。自从20世纪60年代以来，在数值、代数、图形、和其它方面应用广泛，Mathematica是世界上通用计算系统中最强大的系统。自从1988发布以来，它已经对如何在科技和其它领域运用计算机产生了深刻的影响。
目录
Mathematica的历史
人们常说，Mathematica的发布标志着现代科技计算的开始。自从上世纪六十年代以来，在数值、代数、图形、和其它方面一直有个别的软件包存在。但是，Mathematica的基本概念是用一个连贯的和统一的方法创造一个能适用于科技计算各个方面的软件系统。实现这一点的关键之处是发明了一种新的计算机符号语言。这种语言能仅仅用很少量的基本元素制造出广泛的物体，满足科技计算的广泛性。这在人类历史上还是第一次。
当Mathematica1.0版发布时，《纽约时代报》写道：“这个软件的重要性不可忽视”；紧跟着《商业周刊》又将Mathematica评比为当年十大最重要产品。在科技界，Mathematica被形容为智能和实践的革命。
Mathematica的影响
Mathematica 应用广泛
最初，Mathematica的影响主要限于物理学、工程学、和数学领域。但是，随着时间的变化，Mathematica在许多重要领域得到了广泛的应用。现在，它已经被应用于科学的各个领域--物理、生物、社会学、和其它。许多世界顶尖科学家都是它的忠实支持者。它在许多重要的发现中扮演着关键的角色，并是数以千计的科技文章的基石。在工程中，Mathematica已经成为开发和制造的标准。世界上许多重要的新产品在它们的设计某一阶段或其它阶段都依靠了Mathematica的帮助。在商业上，Mathematica在复杂的金融模型中扮演了重要的角色，广泛地应用于规划和分析。同时，Mathematica也被广泛应用于计算机科学和软件发展：它的语言元件被广泛地用于研究、原型、和界面环境。
Mathematica 中文版
Wolfram Research 于2011年3月23日发布了 Mathematica 8.0.1 简体中文版。该版本增加了500多个新函数，功能涵盖更多应用领域，并拥有更友好更高质量的中文用户界面、中文参考资料中心及数以万计的中文互动实例，使中国用户学习和使用 Mathematica 更加方便快捷。
Mathematica的用户群
Mathematica的用户群中最主要的是科技工作者和其它专业人士。但是，Mathematica还被广泛地用于教学中。
ansys与mathematica
数学中的许多计算是非常繁琐的，特别是函数的作图费时又费力，而且所画的图形很不规范，所以现在流行用Methematica符号计算系统进行学习，从高中到研究生院的数以百计的课程都使用它，很多问题便迎刃而解。此外，随着学生版的出现，Mathematica已经在全世界的学生中流行起来，成为了一个著名的工具。
Mathematica的开发工作
Mathematica的开发工作是由世界级的队伍组成的。这支队伍自从成立以来一直由史蒂芬·沃尔夫勒姆领导。Mathematica的成功使得公司能够集中注意力在非常长远的目标上，运行独特的研发项目，以及通过各种各样的免费网站支持世界各地的知识爱好者。
长期以来，Mathematica核心设计的普遍性使得其涉及的领域不断增长。从刚开始是一个主要用于数学和科技计算的系统，到现在发展成许多计算领域的主要力量，Mathematica已经成为世界上最强大的通用计算系统。
Mathematica运算
Mathematica 基本运算
a+ b+c 加
a-b 减
a b c 或 a*b*c 乘
a/b 除
-a 负号
a^b 次方
Mathematica 数字的形式
256 整数
2.56 实数
11/35 分数
2+6I 复数
常用的数学常数
Pi 圆周率，π=3.141592654…
E 尤拉常数，e=2.71828182…
Degree 角度转换弧度的常数，Pi/180
I 虚数，其值为√-1
Infinity 无限大
指定之前计算结果的方法
% 前一个运算结果
%% 前二个运算结果
%%…%(n个%) 前n个运算结果
%n 或 Out[n] 前n个运算结果
复数的运算指令
a+bI 复数
Conjugate[a+bI] 共轭复数
Re[z], Im[z] 复数z的实数/虚数部分
Abs[z] 复数z的大小或模数(Modulus)
Arg[z] 复数z的幅角(Argument)
Mathematica 输出的控制指令
expr1; expr2; expr3 做数个运算，但只印出最后一个运算的结果expr1; expr2; expr3; 做数个运算，但都不印出结果
expr; 做运算，但不印出结果
常用数学函数
Sin[x],Cos[x],Tan[x],Cot[x],Sec[x],Csc[x] 三角函数，其引数的单位为弧度
Sinh[x],Cosh[x],Tanh[x],… 双曲函数
ArcSin[x],ArcCos[x],ArcTan[x] 反三角函数
ArcCot[x],ArcSec[x],ArcCsc[x]
ArcSinh[x],ArcCosh[x],ArcTanh[x],… 反双曲函数
Sqrt[x] 根号
Exp[x] 指数
Log[x] 自然对数
Log[a,x] 以a为底的对数
Abs[x] 绝对值
Round[x] 最接近x的整数
Floor[x] 小于或等于x的最大整数
Ceiling[x] 大于或等于x的最小整数
Mod[a,b] a/b所得的馀数
n! 阶乘
Random[] 0至1之间的随机数（最新版本已经不用这个函数，改为使用RandomReal[]）
Max[a,b,c,...]，Min[a,b,c,…] a,b,c,…的极大/极小值
数值设定
x=a 将变数x的值设为a
x=y=b 将变数x和y的值均设为b
x=. 或 Clear[x] 除去变数x所存的值
变数使用的一些法则
xy 中间没有空格，视为变数xy
x y x乘上y
3x 3乘上x
x3 变数x3
x^2y 为 x^2 y次方运算子比乘法的运算子有较高的处理顺序
四个常用处理代数的指令
Expand[expr] 将 expr展开
Factor[expr] 将 expr因式分解
Simplify[expr] 将 expr化简成精简的式子
FullSimplify[expr] Mathematica 会尝试更多的化简公式，将 expr 化成更精简的式子
多项式/分式转换的函数
ExpandAll[expr] 把算式全部展开
Together[expr] 将 expr各项通分在并成一项
Apart[expr] 把分式拆开成数项分式的和
Apart[expr,var] 视var以外的变数为常数，将 expr拆成数项的和Cancel[expr] 把分子和分母共同的因子消去
分母/分子的运算
Denominator[expr] 取出expr的分母
Numerator[expr] 取出expr的分子
ExpandDenominator[expr] 展开expr的分母
ExpandNumerator[expr] 展开expr的分子
多项式的另二种转换函数
Collect[expr,x] 将 expr表示成x的多项式，
如
Collect[expr,{x,y,…}] 将 expr分别表示成x,y,…的多项式
FactorTerms[expr] 将 expr的数值因子提出，
如 4x+2=2(2x+1)
FactorTerms[expr,x] 将 expr中把所有不包含x项的因子提出
FactorTerms[expr,{x,y,…}] 将 expr中把所有不包含{x,y,...}项的因子提出
三角函数、双曲函数和指数的运算
TrigExpand[expr] 将三角函数展开
TrigFactor[expr] 将三角函数所组成的数学式因式分解
TrigReduce[expr] 将相乘或次方的三角函数化成一次方的基本三角函数之组合
ExpToTrig[expr] 将指数函数化成三角函数或双曲函数
TrigToExp[expr] 将三角函数或双曲函数化成指数函数
复数、次方乘积之展开
ComplexExpand[expr] 假设所有的变数都是实数来对 expr展开
ComplexExpand[expr,{x,y,…}] 假设x,y,..等变数均为复数来对expr展开
PowerExpand[expr] 将
多项式项次、系数与最高次方之取得
Coefficient[expr,form] 于 expr中form的系数
Exponent[expr,form] 于 expr中form的最高次方
Part[expr,n] 或 expr[[n]] 在 expr项中第n个项
代换运算子
expr/.x->value 将 expr里所有的x均代换成value
expr/.{x->value1,y->value2,…} 执行数个不同变数的代换
expr/.{{x->value1},{x->value2},…} 将 expr代入不同的x值
expr//.{x->value1,y->value2,…} 重复代换到 expr不再改变为止求
解方程式的根
Solve[lhs==rhs,x] 解方程式lhs==rhs，求x
Nsolve[lhs==rhs,x] 解方程式lhs==rhs的数值解
Solve[{lhs1==rhs1,lhs2==rhs2,…},{x,y,…}] 解联立方程式，求x,y,…
NSolve[{lh s1==rhs1,lhs2==rhs2,…},{x,y,…}] 解联立方程式的数值解
FindRoot[lhs==rhs,{x,x0}] 由初始点x0求lhs==rhs的根
Mathematica 的四种括号
(term) 圆括号，括号内的term先计算
f[x] 方括号，内放函数的引数
{x,y,z} 大括号或串列括号，内放串列的元素
p[[i ]] 或 Part[p,i] 双方括号，p的第i项元素
p[[i,j]] 或 Part[p,i,j] p的第i项第j个元素
缩短Mathematica输出的指令
expr//Short 显示一行的计算结果
Short[expr,n] 显示n行的计算结果
Command; 执行command，但不列出结果
查询Mathematica的物件
?Command 查询Command的语法及说明
??Command 查询Command的语法和属性及选择项
?Aaaa* 查询所有开头为Aaaa的物件
函数的定义、查询与清除
f[x_]= expr 立即定义函数f[x]
f[x_]:= expr 延迟定义函数f[x]
f[x_,y_,…] 函数f有两个以上的引数
?f 查询函数f的定义
Clear[f] 或 f=. 清除f的定义
Remove[f] 将f自系统中清除掉
含有预设值的Pattern
a_+b_. b的预设值为0，即若b从缺，则b以0代替
x_ y_ y的预设值为1
x_^y_ y的预设值为1
条件式的自订函数
lhs:=rhs/;condition 当condition成立时，lhs才会定义成rhs
If指令
If[test,then,else] 若test为真，则回应then，否则回应else If[test,then,else,unknow] 同上，若test无法判定真或假时，则回应unknow
极限
Limit[expr,x->c] 当x趋近c时，求expr的极限
Limit[expr,x->c,Direction->1]
Limit[expr,x->c,Direction->-1]
微分
D[f,x] 函数f对x作微分
D[f,x1,x2,…] 函数f对x1,x2,…作微分
D[f,{x,n}] 函数f对x微分n次
D[f,x,NonConstants->{y,z,…}] 函数f对x作微分，将y,z,…视为x的函数
全微分
Dt[f] 全微分df
Dt[f,x] 全微分
Dt[f,x1,x2,…] 全微分
Dt[f,x,Constants->{c1,c2,…}] 全微分，视c1,c2,…为常数
不定积分
Integrate[f,x] 不定积分∫f dx
定积分
Integrate[f,{x,xmin,xmax}] 定积分
Integrate[f,{x,xmin,xmax},{y,ymin,ymax}] 定积分
数
列之和与积
Sum[f,{i,imin,imax}] 求和
Sum[f,{i,imin,imax,di}] 求数列和，引数i以di递增
Sum[f,{i,imin,imax},{j,jmin,jmax}]
Product[f,{i,imin,imax}] 求积
Product[f,{i,imin,imax,di}] 求数列之积，引数i以di递增
Product[f,{i,imin,imax},{j,jmin,jmax}]
函数之泰勒展开式
Series[expr,{x,x0,n}] 对 expr于x0点作泰勒级数展开至(x-x0)n 项
Series[expr,{x,x0,m},{y,y0,n}] 对x0和y0展开
关系运算子
a==b 等于
a>b 大于
a>=b 大于等于
a
a<=b 小于等于
a!=b 不等于
逻辑运算子
!p not
p||q||… or
p&&q&&… and
Xor[p,q,…] exclusive or
LogicalExpand[expr] 将逻辑表示式展开
基本二维绘图指令
Plot[f,{x,xmin,xmax}]
画出f在xmin到xmax之间的图形
关于论文结构和格式规的有关问题，请认真阅读“外国语学院英语本科毕业论文撰写要求”，同时可查阅“MLA格式学位论文写作规（供查询用）”。（建议：以本文作为模板，把自己论文的相应部分复制后，以“选择性粘贴”—“无格式文本”的方式，粘贴到文的相应位置，以保持与文格式完全一致。） 论文单面打印1份，左侧装订（两个钉子）。（这些说明打印时删除） 请文学方向的参考文2。 财经大学 本科毕业论文(设计) 文1 题目：论转换法在英汉翻译中的应用 学院外国语学院 专业英语 班级英语0802（注意原山经、原山财班级名称不同） 学号2008110107 姓名潇 指导教师文涛 财经大学教务处制 二Ｏ一二年五月
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On Application of Conversion in English-Chinese Translation by Liu Xiao Under the Supervision of Li Wentao Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts School of Foreign Studies Shandong University of Finance and Economics May 2012
Henan University of Urban Construction 《无机材料专业英语》 课程设计 专业：无机非金属工程 班级：0134091 学号：013409128 姓名: 王峰 指导老师：徐开东 成绩： 土木与材料工程系 2012年05月
有关碱土氧化物对相的形成和莫来石 陶瓷的形态发展的研究 摘要：将对莫来石（3Al2O3·2SiO2）相的形成和陶瓷形态发展有影响的包括氧化镁，氧化钙，氧化锶，氧化钡在内的碱土氧化物和活性炭组成的混合物，经高能球磨后，进行研究。不同的碱土氧化物表现出对莫来石化行为和形态/莫来石陶瓷的微观结构发展有不同影响。莫来石化的温度随着氧化镁和氧化钡的比例的增大而升高。莫来石晶须的形成和发展与氧化镁的掺量有关，而与氧化锶、氧化钡和氧化钙的的掺量有关的正常形状的颗粒相比更好一点。这两种莫来石的形成温度和形态发展都是根据碱土氧化物的种类来定的，并对莫来石化机制和溶解沉淀方面进行了解释。 关键词：莫来石 .碱土氧化物各向异性晶粒的生长莫来石化 1 前言 许多先进的技术和莫来石（3Al2O3.2SiO2）的热学性能使它成为一种很有前途的工程材料，莫来石粉体材料通常是通过氧化物之间的固态反应制得的。由于在莫来石晶格内SI4+和Al3 +上网相互扩散率比较低，莫来石化动力学性能又是由其混合物的早期强烈的反应引起的。因此，能与Al2O3和SiO2（石英）发生固态反应的莫来石相形成温度可以高达1600摄氏度 。不同的种类可以降低莫来石相形成温度。例如，使用α-氧化铝与二氧化硅形成的无定形颗粒溶胶，可以使莫来石的形成温度降到1400-1500摄氏度。如果使用纳米级γ-Al2O3颗粒，莫来石化的温度可进一步降低1300摄氏度。溶胶-凝胶过程是降低莫来石形成温度的另一种方式。在此过程中，前期是在原子水平上的混合，使莫来石的形成可以大大增强。莫来石化的温度通常是900-1200摄氏度。溶胶-凝胶过程的缺点，也就是涂料的方法，包括复杂的实验过程，昂贵的化学用品的和较低的生产量。这些缺点的改变将是促进莫来石陶瓷替代普通工艺的有效途径。 高能球磨的目的是使金属氧化复合材料分散均匀，随后进行机械合金化，这种机械现已被应用到陶瓷材料的制备中，有些化合物可以直接通过高能球磨合成。例如，锆钛酸铅在一定时间内可以由氧化钛、氧化铅、氧化锆经高能球磨机研磨制的，快慢取决于研磨介质和铣削参数。而其他材料，如钛酸钡和镁铝尖晶石在用高能球磨机研磨之前需要进行低温处理，对这些材料进行前期研磨可以增强相的形成能力，并且在球磨或在冷却处理过程中都会有直接的反应。 我们本来打算采用高能球磨机来实现莫来石陶瓷的低温制造，然而，通过高能量球磨机得不到致密的莫来石陶瓷，反而得到了莫来石晶须。另外我们还发现，加入其他氧化物可以改变莫来石化行为和莫来石的尺寸，许多种氧化物我们都已经研究过了，而在最近的研究中，我们主要是通过高能球磨机来研究碱土氧化物对莫来石化行为和形态/微观发展氧化铝石英混合物的影响。这是很有意义的，最终发现莫来石晶须只在有氧化镁的情况下生成，而在氧化钙，氧化锆和氧化钡存在的情况下可以得到各向异性不明显的致密莫来石陶瓷。这些观点可以通过溶解- 沉淀机制来解释。 2 实验 市售二氧化硅（石英，99+％纯度，Aldrich公司，美国），氧化铝（纯度大于99％，Aldrich公司，美国），氧化镁，氧化钙，碳酸锶，碳酸钡粉末被用作初始原料,混合组成（3Al2O3·2SiO2）0.9（MO）0.1（M：镁，钙，锶，钡）。“这种粉
2012级土木工程（本）专业《土木工程英语》课程论文 论文题目：高层建筑防火的研究 Research of high-rise building fire prevention 专业班级： 学生姓名： 学号： 论文成绩： 评阅教师： 2015年11 月14 日
（一） 基于性能化防火设计方法的商业综合体典型空间防火优化设计研究 正文：改革开放以来，我国市场经济蓬勃发展，各种类型的商业建筑如雨后春笋般涌现。然而人们在享受高效便捷的购物消费和休闲娱乐的同时，商业综合体及其建筑群的巨大规模、多样功能、众多人数、复杂流线、与城市多层面多点衔接等特点，极大程度地增大了灾害风险，特别是城市和建筑中最易发生的灾种——火灾的风险。传统的建筑防火设计以“条文式”的防火规范为依据，无法满足部分现代商业综合体迅速发展的设计需要，当因结构、功能、造型等方面的特殊要求，出现现行国家消防技术规范中未明确规定的、现行国家消防技术规范规定的条件不适用的、依照国家消防技术规范进行设计确有困难的情况时，将采取针对性更强、更加先进、经济、合理、有效的性能化防火措施进行建筑和规划设计。与此同时，性能化防火设计方法以其在火灾场景和人员疏散模拟等方面的突出优势，也将被更多地运用于优化“条文式”防火设计规范框架内的规划与建筑方案设计。可见研究大型商业综合体的性能化防火设计措施，并利用性能化防火设计的方法调整优化规划与建筑设计以避免和减轻火灾危害是亟待解决的重要课题。本论文共分为十章，分别介绍了课题的研究背景与意义，国内外商业综合体性能化防火的研究现状，要素构成及火灾危险性，建筑的火灾机理与性能化防火设计参数，五大类商业综合体典型空间的防火优化措施，最后提出结论与展望。本文的核心研究内容是结合商业综合体空间要素构成特征的火灾特点以及建筑防火设计中的三个重要指标（防火分区、疏散距离、疏散宽度），提炼五大类商业综合体的典型空间，即密集空间、竖向贯通空间、超大水平开敞空间、狭长通道空间和地下空间，以建筑学和城市规划学的视角，一方面运用计算机技术，对“超规范”的设计方案进行性能化防火设计安全评价，另一方面对条文式规范框架内的设计方法进行优化。性能化防火策略作为消防设计乃至贯穿整个建筑、规划设计全过程的设计思路，已初步为我们展现出应用领域的美好前景，本文旨在进一步完善和发展以数字技术为基础的性能化防火设计方法，为建筑和城市减灾防灾目标的实现提供更有力的保障。
工商管理的毕业生，通常来讲毕业的岗位比较多，有人说工商管理专业是个万斤 油专业，什么都能干，那就意味着什么都不能干。但是我校的特色是与工程相结合， 因此我校的工商管理专业相对其他专业肯定会有一定的优势。因此，孕育出工商管理 的一个岗位，就是房地产工作岗位。 与其他的学校相比，我们专业会学习一点与建筑相关的知识，可以为将来工作打 下一定的基础，这将是我们学校的优势。就业后主要是从事房地产销售与推广、市场 调查、物业管理、策划等相关工作。 待遇方面应该不太好，毕竟是刚开始工作，但是如果是从事售方面的工作的话， 这个就很难说了，因为销售的行业可以提成的，那个的会有很多的，上升空间因人而 异。 Graduates in business administration, usually graduate jobs is more, some people say that business management specialty is a ten thousand jins of oil, what can do, that means can't do anything. But our specialty is combined with a project, so our business management relative to other professional will have certain advantages. Therefore, a job in business administration, is real estate work. Compared with other schools, we will learn a little construction related professional knowledge, can work to lay a certain foundation for the future, this will be the advantage of our school. If employment after engaged in real estate sales and promotion, market research, property management, planning and other related work. Benefits should be not too good, after all is just begin to work, but if is engaged in the sale work, this is hard to say, the industry because of the sales commission, that there will be a lot of upside vary from person to person. 随着我国经济的发展，金融保险类专业人才的社会需求也在不断增长。工商管理 是一门应用性很强的专业，也可以从事与银行和证券公司，该行业有很大的发展空 间。 证券行业上半年人才需求同比增长了200%。业内人士分析认为，从高、中、低各个层面来看，目前金融行业人才需求呈现“两头热、中间冷”的特点，中端职位证券分析师、理财规划师等人才需求上半年基本与去年同期持平。而证券经纪人、市场营销类的低端人才和银行客户经理、基金经理、投融资经理等高端职位人才的需求缺口均比较大。其中，高端人才的需求格外强劲，一些热门职位包括基金经理、高级投资咨询顾问、投融资经理、金融分析师等，同比增长都达到50%以上。 数据显示，今年上半年金融行业最热门的五大职位是证券经纪人、期货经理、基金经理、银行客户经理和投融资经理。其中，企业需求最大的职位是证券经纪人和期货经理，同比需求都突破了100%;行业内最紧缺的职位是基金经理，同比增长接近100%，北京地区紧缺最明显，
青岛农业大学 （宋体二号） 本科生课程论文 （宋体一号加粗） 论文题目多媒体辅助英语教学研究 （宋体3号） 学生专业班级英语2007级3班 学生姓名（学号）李XX 20073171 指导教师潘桂荣 完成时间2009. 12. 8 二OO九年十二月八日
外国语学院英语专业课程论文格式要求 题目字居中On Wordsworth and Emerson’s Conception of Nature （加粗Times New Roman小三空一行) Y u Lianjun（Times New Roman加粗四号） Class 2, 2007, Foreign Languages School, Qingdao Agricultural University （加粗Times New Roman小四号空一行) Abstract:（加粗Times New Roman小四号）The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.（Times New Roman小四号） Key words（加粗Times New Roman小四号）:Changes; Progresses; Study；Language（Times New Roman小四号空一行) 华兹华斯和爱默生对大自然的不同理解（宋体四号空一行) 摘要（加粗宋体小四号）：本文旨在通过对华兹华斯和爱默生诗歌的比较和分析来理解两人对于自然不同的把握。（宋体小四号行距20磅） 关键词（加粗宋体小四号）：自然；超验主义之自然；消极心态；个人主义（宋体小四号空一行) 1. Introduction（加粗Times New Roman四号，不用单独一页，接在关键词后） The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.（Times New Roman小四号行距20磅） 2. Wordsworth’s Conception of Nature（Times New Roman四号） 2.1 Wordsworth’s Living Backgrounds(Times New Roman四号） The mid-20th century has brought with it many significant changes and progresses in the study of language.（Times New Roman小四号行距20磅） 2.2 Instruments(Times New Roman四号） In the 19th century, romanticism prevailed as the literary mainstream throughout the European continent. William Wordsworth (1770-1850) was one of the pioneers in the romanticist movement.（Times New Roman小四号行距20磅） 3. Conclusion （Times New Roman四号） （参考文献和上文之间空一行）
英语专业毕业论文摘要 和目录另有正文部分 Document number【980KGB-6898YT-769T8CB-246UT-18GG08】
A b s t r a c t: The feature of Hardy`s style is about the description of nature in Hardy`s Wessex novel. The description of Nature not only as a setting, but also a vital part of Hardy`s novels. He pays attention to the interrelations between human, Nature and society. Nature in his novels is personated and melted with the characters together. Hardy believed firmly that man was part of Nature, a guardian of Nature and should always remain true to their closeness with Nature. In all Hardy`s Wessex novels, the characters, who can live in harmony with Nature all deserve a good ending, while those who cannot are by all means go ruining. The conflict between man’s aspirations and his environment is the central unifying force of Hardy`s tragic novels. It stresses that human should live in harmony with Nature. Key Words: Hardy、Nature、Wessex people、fate、harmony
Influence of Hot Press Forming Techniques on Properties of Vehicle High Strength Steels CHANG Ying, MENG Zhaohuan, YING Liang, LI Xiaodong , MA Ning, HU Ping ( Scho ol of Automotive Engineering , State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment, Dalian University of Technology , Dalian 116024, Liaoning, China) Abstract:Based on the combination of materials science and mechanicalengineering ,hotpress forming process of the vehicle high strength steels was analyzed. The hot forming processinclud -ed: heating alloy srapidly to austenite micr ostructures, stamping and cooling timely,maintaining pressur eand quenching . The results showed that most of austenite micr ostructure w as changed into uniform mar tensite by the hot press form ing while the samples were heatedat 900 。C and quenched. The optimal tensile strength and yield streng th were up to 1530 MPa and 1000 MPa, respectively, and the shape deformation reached about 23% . And springback defect did not happ -en in the samples. Key words: high streng th steel; lightw eight ; hot forming ; martensite As an effective economical energy measure, the lightw eight dev elo pment dir ection of automo -bile has become one of the most important research subjects in the automotive industry. There are three major ways to achieve automobile light weight : optimizing vehicle frames and struc- tures; making vehicle bodyor f rame of new and alternativ ematerials to reduce the vehicle mass ( The high and ultra high strength steel can be used as alternative materials because of its thinner thickness) ; adopting advanced manufacturing techniques for the sake of automobile light wei- ght , such as thickness-gradient high strength steel (HSS) or metal based compound plates by con -tinuous pressing or hot press forming [ 1] . Although HSS has been applied in some domestic top grade vehicles, the key producing technologies have always been dominated by foreign compan- ies, such as Acelor Company, so as to raise the product cost obviously. By domestic self-designed hot press forming techniques and water-cooling mould, the automo bile HSS can be produced to subst itute foreign vehicle parts. In general, with the enhancement of steel blank，s mechanical strength, its formability is worsened dramatically. It is difficult to apply the traditional cold stamping technolog y into the f ield of pressing HSS. Thus, the hot stamping technology of martensit icsteel blank is applied as a new technology , which combines metal thermoplast ic forming metho d and water-cooling mould quenching principle. In this paper, boro n steel blank was formed and water-cooling mould was quenched simultane ously during the process of hot stamping . Compared with original automobile pearlite steel[ 2] , the automobile HSS obtained by advanced hot press forming technique can reduce about 30% of the total vehicle mass and achieve complex g eomet ries, high security and mechanical st reng th. The r easo n is that austenite microst
Using Zigbee to Integrate Medical Devices Paul Frehill, Desmond Chambers, Cosmin Rotariu Abstract—Wirelessly enabling Medical Devices such as Vital Signs Monitors, Ventilators and Infusion Pumps allows central data collection. This paper discusses how data from these types of devices can be integrated into hospital systems using wireless sensor networking technology. By integrating devices you are protecting investment and opening up the possibility of networking with similar devices. In this context we present how Zigbee meets our requirements for bandwidth, power, security and mobility. We have examined the data throughputs for various medical devices, the requirement of data frequency, security of patient data and the logistics of moving patients while connected to devices. The paper describes a new tested architecture that allows this data to be seamlessly integrated into a User Interface or Healthcare Information System (HIS). The design supports the dynamic addition of new medical devices to the system that were previously unsupported by the system. To achieve this, the hardware design is kept generic and the software interface for different types of medical devices is well defined. These devices can also share the wireless resources with other types of sensors being developed in conjunction on this project such as wireless ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Pulse-Oximetry sensors. Keywords—Biomedical Telemetry, Medical Devices, Bioinformatics, Wireless Sensor Networks, Healthcare Information Systems. I. INTRODUCTION MANY devices that exist today by the bedside in the hospital ward, intensive care unit or other clinical setting have data output features over serial ports and other types of interfaces such as USB. These devices are usually considered a significant investment and are usually purchased in an ad hoc fashion as required when finance becomes available. The consequence of this is that devices are often from different manufacturers that don’t support any standard protocol. This can make integrating these devices into a single network difficult. In the hospital ward Vital Signs monitors, Ventilators and Infusion Pumps of many different brands are usually portable and wheeled from patient to patient as required. By networking these devices the hospital gains all the advantages associated with storing patient data centrally in electronic records. By making the device part of a wireless sensor network such as a Zigbee [1] network there are several more advantages including, cable replacement, mobility and location management. Once these devices are networked they can also use the infrastructure of other deployments of similar wireless sensor networks in the surrounding environment. To achieve this type of solution each device must be fitted with a piece of hardware that will act as a serial to wireless bridge, a Medical Device Interface (MDI). This MDI will allow the device to receive and transmit data within the wireless sensor network. This inexpensive hardware will be generic to fit a wide range of medical devices. Similarly the firmware can be kept generic and any specific device communication protocols can be implemented on a server on the network backend. The work described in this paper is part of a larger project,the goal of which is to provide a complete patient monitoring system. Other features of the overall system will be to provide ECG (Electrocardiogram) and Pulse-Oximetry data in a novel way over a wireless sensor network using
化学专业英语结课论文 摘要;化学科学技术发展战略更加贴近社会和经济需求, 生态环境恶化严重干扰可持续发展。化学科学技术活动总目标是:提供安全的能量、化学品和制造品, 既不会不可逆转地消耗地球上的稀有原料, 也不会产生有害物质污染地球;发现和创新新物质, 研究物质的化学和物理转化, 检测鉴定各种尺度物质的结构和性质;理论化学、计算化学和过程系统工程的创新应用, 及其与生物学、医药、电子学、信息学协同并在材料、医药、能源、信息、环境以及国家安全领域激励人心的应用。科学研究和人才培养都充满学科交叉。 关键词:化学科学技术;人与自然协调;可持续发展;创新 Chemical Science and Technology and Sustainable Development Abstract:Development strategy of chemical science and technology depends more and more on the demand of society and economic development nowadays, while the environment deterioration seriously interferes the sustainable development.So the chief objectives of chemical science and technology are:to provide safe energy, chemicals and products;not to consume the rare materials on earth irreversibly;not to produce harmful wastes to pollute the environment;to discover and innovate new compounds;to make research on the chemical and physical transformation of substances;to detect and determine the structures and the properties of materials of various sizes;and to make the innovative application of theoretical chemistry, computer chemistry and processing systematic engineering and their synergies with biology, pharmaceutics, electronic sand informatics for the application in the fields of materials, pharmaceutics, energy resources, information, environment and national security .Subject intersection always penetrates in scientific research and talent cultivation. Key words:chemical science and technology;harmony of human and nature;sustainable development; discover and innovate[1]
HENAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 河南工业大学 Bachelor of Business Administration Assignment Cover 工商管理学士学位课程 作业封面 MODULE CODE AND NAME 科目代码及名称 Module Code 科目代码：_____B3 _ _________ Module Name科目名称：_____BC__ ________ Lecturer 讲师：____XXX _ ____ Section Code专业班级：__XXXXX_ _ ____ Student ID 学生证号码：___---------------__ Student Name学生姓名：_____XXXX ____ Announcement: I declare that this assignment is ENTIRELY my independent work except where referenced. I have marked any Reference sources and am aware of programme regulations concerning plagiarism and referencing. 声明：除了标明出处的引用资料之外，此作业是我独立调查完成的。文内所有引用的资料已经详细标明出处，并且我了解课程中有关抄袭及引用方面的规定。 Signature 签名： Lecturer Comments 讲师评语 Score 分数： Receive Date Year/Month/Day 收到日期：
鲁东大学信息与电气工程学院2015 －2016 学年第-----2----学期 《 专业英语 》课程论文 课程号： 220821071 任课教师 贾世祥 成绩 论文题目：专业科技论文翻译 对给定的发表在正规外文期刊上的电子信息类专业科技论文进行翻译，包含 Title 、Introduction 、Algorithm 、Result 、Discussion 、Reference 等内容。 论文要求：（对论文题目、内容、行文、字数等作出判分规定。） 1.论文格式参考学院学士毕业论文要求，要有题目、摘要、关键字、正文、参考文献。 2.原文不包含摘要和关键字，请阅读原文并写出200~300字的英文摘要，给出5个英文关键字。 3.语言表达流畅，涉及到的图表字迹清晰，公式使用公式编辑器编辑。 4.设计报告使用B4纸打印，正文的图表可黑白打印。 教师评语： 教师签字： 年 月 日 一个简单、快速、有效的多边形减面算法 Stan Melax Abstract ：This article describes a new type of 3D model to optimize the reduction surface algorithm. Previous algorithms although it can reduce operating surface, but it in the reduction process will generate a lot of only makes processing speed becomes slow excess facet. This new algorithm is mainly through the edge collapse operation to achieve the effect of reducing the surface. This paper explains the characteristics and advantages of this algorithm by means of examples. The advantages and disadvantages of the new algorithm are also analyzed. Our initial goal is simple: we want to find a method can be reduced due to excessive blasting effects of polygons, now our art personnel only need to create a detailed model for every game objects. But there are limitations, this algorithm can only be applied to the triangle, if you need to be able to other more edges of the polygon into a simple triangle, in addition to this there is no other restrictions on the. Keywords ：Polygon reduction ；Edge Collapse ；Pretreatment ；Optimization model ；Optimization model; Application algorithm ； 如果你是一个游戏开发者，那么3D 多边形模型非常有可能是日常生活中的一部分，而且你对多少个多边形每秒、少多边形建模、细节层次等概念非常熟悉。你可能知道多边形减面算法的 目的在于通过一个有着大量多边形的高细节的模型生成一个 多边形数量比它少、但是看起来却跟原模型很相像的低面模型。这篇文章解释了一种实现自动减面的方法，并且附带的讨论了多边形减面的有用之处。在我们开始之前，我建议你去下载我的一个程序：BUNNYLOD.EXE ，它展示了我将要阐述的这项技术。你可以在Game Develop 网站上找到它。 问题的由来 在深入这个很厉害的3D 算法之前，你可能会问你自己真的有必要关注它吗？要知道，已经有一些商业的插件和工具来为你减少多边形数量了。 然而，下面的几条理由会告诉你为什么需要实现自己的减面算法： 学院 信息与电气工程学院 专业 信息工程 班级 信息1301班 本 学号 20132213652 20132213664 姓名 李惠梁 吴海峰