一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)
在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。
1.下列方言中属于官话区方言的是( )
A.杭州话
B.苏州话
C.成都话
D.宁波话
2.韵母iou、uei、uen跟辅音声母相拼时，写成iu、ui、un，标调应该是( )
A.标在前面i或u上
B.iu标在i上，ui标在u上，un标在u上
C.都标在u上
D.iu标在u上，ui标在i上，un标在u上
3.在现代汉语普通话中，辅音在音节中的位置是( )
A.只能出现在音节的开头
B.只能出现在音节的末尾
C.少数可以出现在音节的中间
D.只能出现在音节的开头和末尾
4.下列音素都属于塞音的声母是( )
A.b p m f g k
B.d t n l j q
C.b p d t g k
D.zh z ch c sh s
5.下列词语中的“不”在语流中变读为阳平的是( )
A.不说
B.不去
C.不走
D.不来
6.“缠绕、牛虻、叫嚣、眺望”等词中加点的字的声调应是( )
A.去声、阳平、阴平、去声
B.上声、阳平、上声、去声
C.阳平、阴平、去声、阴平
D.阳平、阳平、阴平、去声
7.下列成语中，没有错别字的是( )
A.卑恭屈膝
B.卑躬屈膝
C.卑恭曲膝
D.卑躬曲膝
8.下列各组中，每个字都是形声字的是( )
A.晶、晚、暗
B.问、闷、间
C.江、贡、恭
D.休、臭、岫
9.下列各组中，每个成员都与合成词“提高”的结合方式相同的是( )
A.扩大、动员、突破
B.纠正、虚弱、抓紧
C.说明、接近、缩小
D.促进、深入、转移
10.下列各组中，每个成员都是短语的是( )
A.布局、奉命
B.松手、醒酒
C.脱发、立论
D.闹市、排档
11.下列各组成语中，加点的字意义不相同的是( )
A.走马看花、奔走相告
B.余勇可贾、行商坐贾
C.赴汤蹈火、固若金汤
D.令人发指、振聋发聩
12.“早晨—上午—中午—傍晚”等时间词之间没有明确的界限，这种现象所反映出的词义的主要性质是( )
A.概括性
B.民族性
C.模糊性
D.客观性
13.“将心比心”中的“将”和“比”的词性分别是( )
A.介词和介词
B.介词和动词
C.动词和动词
D.动词和介词
14.下列各组短语中都属于主谓短语的是( )
A.屋里干净、来了客人、明年二月
B.目标明确、今天春节、心情很好
C.让他去玩、站着说话、明天晚上
D.电话难打、去打电话、校长老王
15.“买了一车炭”和“买了一趟炭”中的两个短语表示的关系分别是( )
A.述补、述宾
B.述补、述补
C.述宾、述补
D.述宾、述宾
16.句首时间、处所名词是主语的句子是( )
A.北方经常下雪。
B.前天老王回了北京。
C.在南方有时也下雪。
D.从明天起放假三天。
17.“多聪明的孩子!”这个句子的句型属于( )
A.主谓句/形容词谓语句
B.非主谓句/形容词句
C.非主谓句/名词句
D.非主谓句/名词性谓语句
18.“小王浪费了三个小时。”和“小王工作了三个小时。”中的“三个小时”分别是( )
A.宾语、补语
B.补语、补语
C.宾语、宾语
D.补语、宾语
19.下面四个句子中，正确的是( )
A.由于大家积极工作下，工程进度很快。
B.在大家积极工作下，工程进度很快。
C.在大家积极工作中，工程进度很快。
D.由于大家积极工作中，工程进度很快。
20.“轻巧的手指向水底一捞，就提上了一串串红色的玛瑙。”一句中含有的比喻是( )
A.明喻
B.借喻
C.暗喻
D.反喻
二、多项选择题(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)
在每小题列出的五个备选项中有二至五个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题干的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。
21.下列韵母中自成音节声母为零时，使用y的有( )
A.uo、ai
B.ie、ian
C.uan、ei
D.ün、üe
E.in、ing
22.下列各项中，不属于简称的是( )
A.高低杠
B.装卸工
C.进出口
D.阴阳脸
E.大小姐
23.下面句子中的“是”属于动词的是( )
A.十月一日是国庆节。
B.他确实是明天动身。
C.你说的她是新来的学生吗?
D.他的经验可是相当丰富的。
E.文具差不多都是塑料的。
24.下列复句属于联合复句的是( )
A.论文与其长而无物，不如短小精悍。
B.小李一开始没听懂，接着就明白过来了。
C.已经是三月下旬了，然而天气还是这么冷
D.除非是到了夏天，我们才可以下水游泳。
E.这种桥形式优美，而且结构坚固。
25.“缝啊缝啊，春风绕着长线荡漾，暖流跟着针眼流淌，这破洞曾收进了多少风寒，此刻，又缝进了多少温暖”。这段话里包含的修辞格有( )
A.对偶
B.比喻
C.排比
D.拈连
E.反复
三、判断说明题(本大题共5小题，每小题1分，共5分)
正确的在括号内打“”，不用说明理由；错误的在括号内打“”，并说明理由，不说明理由的不给分。
26.“chi”和“zhi”的韵母都是开口呼，“wo”和“gua”的韵母都是合口呼。( )
27.偏旁一般分形旁和声旁两类，会意字因为没有声旁，因而不能分析出偏旁来。( )
28.词的比喻义跟修辞上的比喻并不一样，词的比喻义是词固定下来的意义，修辞上的比喻是临时的。( )
29.“同情”既可以说“我对他有点儿同情”，又可以说“我同情他的遭遇”，因此“同情”是形容词和动词兼类词。( )
30.“祖国的山河多么壮丽啊，我真为她感到骄傲和自豪。”一句中，虽然后半句有代词指称前半句，但仍属于复句。( )
四、术语解释题(本大题共2小题，每小题3分，共6分)
31.关联词语
32.音变
五、分析题(本大题共8小题，每小题4分，共32分)
33.找出下列词语中的零声母字：
安全、需要、下雨、无耻
34.列表分析汉字的音节结构
声母韵头韵腹韵尾声调四呼
选
淮
35.指出下列汉字的造字方法(结构方式)：
首本
慕涉
36.请分别指出下列各组加点词的词性：
A.比任何人都有说服力过来比一下
B.竞赛将分区进行将书递给我
C.卡车通过了关口通过了解情况
D.这话没有道理这话没有说过
37.指出下列短语的结构类型：
A.米饭一碗
B.一碗米饭
C.吃一碗米饭
D.拿碗盛米饭
38.辨析下列两组同义词：
A.场面——局面
B.拘泥——拘谨
39.用层次分析法分析下列短语，是多义的分别分析：
A.他有妹妹没考上高中
B.老唐批评老常的意见不正确
40.用划线加注法分析下列多重复句：
别人说得对，我们就应该欢迎，并要向别人的长处学习；别人说得不对，也应该让别人说完，然后慢慢加以解释。
六、改错题(本大题共6小题，每小题2分，共12分)
41.下列词语的拼写有错误，请改正。
A.用意yòng ì
B.无谓wúuèi
C.对流duìlióu
D.论文lùn uén
42.用波浪线标示句子中的错别字，并加以改正。
43.用波浪线标示下面句子中使用不当的词语，加以改正并说明原因。
这天大桥正式通车，笔者一早来到公交大桥二线的浦东起点站。是时，车站两侧早已人满为患，人人喜笑颜开，都想乘大桥二线上南浦大桥。
44.修改病句并说明错误的原因。
南京长江大桥是双层铁路、公路两用桥，铁路桥和公路桥都由正桥和引桥组成。
45.修改病句并说明错误的原因。
如果把正确的学习态度不放在第一位，我们的工作就不可能搞好。
46.修改病句并说明错误的原因。
家大业大，更要注意节省不必要的开支和不应有的浪费。
七、论述题(本大题共3小题，每小题5分，共15分)
47.什么是轻声?举例说明轻声有哪些作用?
48.什么是词?举例说明确定词的一般方法有哪些?
49.以“现在”和“正在”为例，说明时间名词和时间副词在语法功能上的同异。
语言学概论期末考试试卷2 一、填空题（每空1分，共15分） 1、人与人的口头交际过程是非常复杂的，从通信理论的角度可以将之理解为和的过程。 2、符号包含的两个方面是、。 3、到目前为止，语言学家的研究主要有三种不同的角度，分别是着眼于语言的、、。 4、共时语法指的是从某一时期存在的语法现象的角度地、 地研究语法，研究的重点是某一语言在特定范围的语法表现形式和语法规则系统。 5、义素分析的要求一是，二是。 6、文字改革有三种不同的情况：一种是；一种是；还有一种是。 二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共10分） 1、下列国家中不是以单一民族，单一语言为基础建立起来的是（） A．瑞士B．法国C．西班牙D．英格兰 2、语言是一种（） A．形式和内容相统一的视觉符号系统B．音义结合的听觉符号系统C．用于交际的触觉符号系统D．集视觉、听觉、触觉为一体的符号系统 3、普通语言学从理论上讲是研究（） A．个别民族语言的特殊规律B．人类各种语言一般与个别的规律 C．几种民族语言的一般与个别的规律D．汉语普通话的发展规律 4、噪音是（） A．振幅固定而有规则的声波B．频率最低、振幅最大的音 C．具有周期性重复的复合波形的音D．不具备整数倍的不规则的音 5、把语法分成词法、句法两个部分，是（）提出来的。 A．结构语法学B．形式语法学C．现代语法学D．传统语法学 6、语义的基本特征是（） A．概括性B．民族性C．模糊性D．同语言形式的结合 7、词的（）是词义的基本的和核心的部分 A．通俗意义B．非通俗意义C．理性意义D．非理性意义 8、“我吃光了盘子里的菜”这句话中，“光”的语义指向是（） A．我B．吃C．盘子里的菜D．盘子 9、日文的假名是典型的（） A．辅音文字B．音节文字C．表意文字D．意音文字 10、四川人在公开场合讲普通话，在家里讲四川话，这是一种（）
英语语言学练习题 Ⅰ. Matching Match each of the following terms in Column A with one of the appropriate definitions in Column B. Column A 1.displacement https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,ngue 3.suprasegmental feature 4.deep structure 5.predication analysis 6.idiolect 7.pidgin 8.mistakes 9.interlanguage 10.motivation 11.arbitrariness https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,petence 13.broad transcription 14.morphology 15.category 16.errors https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,ponential analysis 18.context 19.blending 20.culture 21.learning strategies 22.selectional restrictions 23.phrase structure rules 24.culture diffusion Column B A.Learners’ independent system of the second language, which is of neither the native language nor the second language, but a continuum or approximation from his native language to the target language. 9 B.Learner’s attitudes and affective state or learning drive, having a strong impact on his efforts n learning a second language. 21 C.The rules that specify the constituents of syntactic categories. 23 D.Through communication, some elements of culture A enter culture B and become part of culture B. 24 E. A personal dialect of an individual speaker that combines elements regarding regional, social, gender, and age variations. 6 F. A special language variety that mixes or blends languages and it is used by people who speak different languages for restricted purposes such as trading. 7 G.The kind of analysis which involves the breaking down of predications into their constituents- ---- arguments and predicates. 5 H.They refer to constraints on what lexical items can go with what others. 22 I.The structure formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties. 4 J.The phonemic features that occur above the level of the segments. 3 K.The study of the internal structure of words, and the rules that govern the rule of word formation. 14 L.The abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community. 2 https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,nguage can be used to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker. It is one of the distinctive features of human language. 1 N.Learner’s conscious, goal-oriented and problem-solving based efforts to achieve learning efficiency. 10 O.The total way of life of a people, including the patterns of belief, customs, objects, institutions, techniques, and language that characterizes the life of the human community. 20 P.The common knowledge shared by both the speaker and hearer. 18
英语语言学试题（1） I. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×10=20%) 1、As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior, it is said to be ___. A、prescriptive B、sociolinguistic C、descriptive D、psycholinguistic 2、Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible. A、mouth B、lips C、tongue D、vocal cords 3、The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television" is a(n) ___. A、bound morpheme B、bound form C、inflectional morpheme D、free morpheme 4、A ___ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clause. A、coordinator B、particle C、preposition D、subordinator 5、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike." A、is synonymous with B、is inconsistent with C、entails D、presupposes 6、The branch of linguistics that studies how context influences the way speakers interpret sentences is called ___. A、semantics B、pragmatics C、sociolinguistics D、psycholinguistics 7、Grammatical changes may be explained, in part, as analogic changes, which are ___ or generalization. A、elaboration B、simplification C、external borrowing D、internal borrowing 8、___ refers to a marginal language of few lexical items and straightforward grammatical rules, used as a medium of communication. A、Lingua franca B、Creole C、Pidgin D、Standard language 9、Psychologists, neurologists and linguists have concluded that, in addition to the motor area which is responsible for physical articulation of utterances, three areas of the left brain are vital to language, namely, ___ . A、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and the angular gyrus B、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and cerebral cortex C、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and neurons D、Broca's area, Wernicke's area and Exner's area 10、According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual and subconscious development of ability in the first language by using it naturally in daily communicative situations. A、learning B、competence C、performance D、acquisition II. Directions: Fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. Note that you are to fill in One word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%×10=10%) 11、Chomsky defines "competence" as the ideal user's k_______ of the rules of his language. 12、The four sounds /p/,/b/,/m/ and /w/have one feature in common, i.e, they are all b______ . 13、M_______ is a branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words and the rules by which words are formed. 14、A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command. 15、Synonyms that are mutually substitutable under all circumstances are called c______ synonyms. 16、The illocutionary point of r_____ is to commit the speaker to something's being the case, to the truth of what has been said. 17、Words are created outright to fit some purpose. Such a method of enlarging the vocabulary is known as word c______.
英语语言学期末考试试卷 第一部分选择题 I.Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%X10=20%) 1. Saussure’s distinction and Chomsky’s are very similar, but they differ in that ____________. A. Saussure took a sociological view of language while Chomsky took a psychological point of view B. Saussure took a psychological view of language while Chomsky took a sociological point of view C. Saussure took a pragmatic view of language while Chomsky took a semantic point of view D. Saussure took a structural view of language while Chomsky took a pragmatic point of view 2. Language is a system of ____________ vocal symbols used for human communication. A. unnatural B. artificial C. superficial D. arbitrary 3. We are born with the ability to acquire language, _______________. A. and the details of any language system are genetically transmitted B. therefore, we needn’t learn the details of our mother tongue C. but the details of language have to be learnt.
Translate the following terms from English into Chinese.把下列术语翻译成中文 1.duality of structure _________结构的二元性_______________ 2.General Linguistics ________普通语言学________________ 3.voiceless consonant _________清辅音_______________ https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,plementary distribution ________互补分布________________ 5.free morpheme ________自由词素________________ 6.immediate constituent ________直接成份________________ https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,ponential Analysis ________成份分析________________ 8.American Structuralism ________美国结构主义________________ 9.zero morph _________零语子_______________ 10.structural ambiguity _________结构歧义_______________ 11.productivity _________多产性______________ 12.linguistic competence __________语言能力______________ 13.manner of articulation _________发音方法_______________ 14.intonation language _________语调语言_______________ 15.allophone __________音位变体______________ 16.inflectional morpheme _________曲折语素_______________ 17.phrase marker __________短语标记______________ 18.denotation __________指示______________ 19.Systemic-Functional Grammar __________系统功能语法______________ 20.bound morpheme __________粘着语素______________ 21.cultural transmission __________文化传播______________ 22.Descriptive Linguistics __________描写语言学______________ 23.derivational morpheme ___________派生词素_____________ 24.consonant ___________辅音_____________ 25.tone language ___________声调语言_____________ 26.empty morph ___________虚语子_____________ 27.syntax ___________语法_____________ https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,plementary antonym ___________互补反义词_____________
淮海工学院 一、名词解释题（本大题共4小题，每题3分，共12分） 音位变体 亲属语言 语法意义 聚合关系 二、填空题（本大题共7小题10空，每空1分，共10分） 1.现代语言学一百多年来的发展经历了三个主要时期、结构主义语言学、。 2. 语言符号具有和的特点。 3. 人类之所以具有语言而动物没有，是因为人类具有能力和能力。 4. 普通话中“粉笔”连读时，由原来的[ f?n214pi214]变读为[f?n35pi214]，这种变化 属于。 5. 在汉语拼音方案中，字母i 代表3个音素：。因 为这三个音出现的条件是互补的，从来不会混淆。 6. 语句的意义除了由词义的组合表现出来的意义以外，还有一部分意义是由 __ _ _补充确定的。 7. 一个国家内各民族共同使用的语言是。 三、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每题1分，共10分） 1．《普通语言学教程》的作者是（） ①索绪尔②洪堡特③柏拉图④乔姆斯基 2．关于“言语”和“语言”的关系，下列说法不正确的一项是（） ①“语言”是社会的，“言语”是个人的 ②“语言”是主要的，“言语”是次要的 ③“语言”和“言语”是一般和特殊的关系 ④“语言”是从“言语”中概括出来的词语和规则的总和 3．下列材料具有组合关系的是（） ①个、游泳②--子、--儿、--者③理由、充分④医治、健康 4．下列各词中，属于派生词的是（） ①徘徊②football ③葡萄④unhappy 5．英语的man—→men采用的语法手段是（） ①异根②附加词尾③附加词缀④内部屈折 ６．汉语属于（） ①复综语②粘着语③孤立语④屈折语 ７．从时间上看语言和文字的关系是（） ①先有文字后有语言②先有语言后有文字 ③语言和文字一起产生④没有文字就没有语言 ８．现代汉语“努力学习科学文化知识”这个短语的结构可以分为（） １
英语语言学 Ⅰ.Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully，Decide which of the four choices completes the statement and put the letter A,B,C or D in the brackets. 1.There are ( )main areas of phonetic study. A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5 ANSWER:B 2.The term( )linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,parative D.historical comparative ANSWER:B 3.Foreign language learning always contain ( ) A language historical process learning B.input and language learning C inter language in language learning D.grammar and language learning ANSWER:BCD 4.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+ last name, ( )and kin term. A title+ first name B title+ title
1.1.Which of the following statements about language is not true? A .Language is a system https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,nguage is symbolie C . Animals also have languages .DLanguage is arbitrary 2.Which of the following choices is NOT a constituent? A.I like the song B.I C.Song D.Like 3.Of the following sound conbinations ,only is permissible. A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 4.The relation between the deter minmer”this” and the noun “man”in the phrase “this man”is https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,erment B.concord C.binding D.paradigmatic 5.The sentence that has a NP and a VP is nostly shown in a formula “S NP+VP” A.A.Hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 6.”Big” and “small”are a pair of opposites. https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,plementary B. gradable https://www.doczj.com/doc/4018456697.html,plete D.converse 7.Which of the following phrases is exocentric? A.women and men B.on the table C.a clever boy D.an ugly man 8.Arbitrariness of language was first discussed by . A.Chomsky B.Hallidy C.Firth D.Saussure
《语言学概论》期末试卷 1.( 单选题 ) 下列关于“语言”的说法 ,不正确的一项是 (D )(本题 2.0 分) A、语言系统是由多个子系统组合而成的 B、语言是一个符号系统 C、语言符号具有任意性和线条性特征 D、 语言符号的音义关系可以任意改变 2.( 单选题 ) 下列元音音素都是后元音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[u, ε] B、[α, Λ] C、[α,y] D、[o, a] 3.( 单选题 ) 下列辅音音素都是塞音的一组是 ( B)(本题 2.0 分) A、[k, 1] B、[p, k] C、[p, n] D、[t, v] 4.( 单选题 ) 从语音的社会功能角度划分出来的最小语音单位是
( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、音位 B、音素 C、音节 D、音渡 5.( 单选题 ) 汉语普通话中的“我”和助词“的”单念时发音分别为[uo]和[te],而在实际语流中 ,“我的”发音是 [uo de],这是语流音变中的( A)(本题 2.0 分) A、顺同化现象 B、逆同化现象 C、弱化现象 D、异化现象 6.( 单选题 ) 语音的本质属性是 (C )(本题 2.0 分) A、物理属性 B、生理属性 C、社会属性 D、心理属性 7. ( 单选题) 英语“ students”中的“ -s”是 ( C)(本题 2.0 分)
A、虚词语素 B、词根语素 C、构形语素 D、构词语素 8. ( 单选题) 从词的构造方式看, 下列各项中属于复合词的是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、木头 B、念头 C、苦头 D、山头 9.( 单选题 ) 划分词类的最本质的标准是 (A )(本题 2.0 分) A、分布标准 B、意义标准 C、形态标准 D、逻辑标准 10.( 单选题 ) 下面词组中 ,结构类型与其他各组不同的一组是( D)(本题 2.0 分) A、年轻漂亮/朴素大方 B、我们大家/首都北京
语言学概论 一、单项选择题（每小题2分，共20分} 1．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．语言是人类最重要的辅助性交际工具。 B．语言就是说话，说话就是语言。 C．语言是一种特殊的社会现象。 D．语言具有地方色彩，说明语言不具有社会性。 2．下列说法只有是错误的。 A．汉语的声调是由音高变化形成的。 B．语言中的轻重音是由音重变化形成的。 C．音位具有区别词形的作用。 I)．音素具有区别词形的作用。 3．下列说法只有是正确的。 A．“老”可以同“新、旧、少、嫩”等构成反义词。 B．“大”和“小”是绝对对立的反义词。 C．“红”与“黑”这对反义词具有非此即彼的关系。 D．反义词“冷”和“热”具有相对性。 4．下列说法只有____正确。 A．意译词如“激光”、“电话”都是借词。 B．仿译词如“机关枪”、“铁路”都是借词。 C．“尼姑”、“和尚”、“玻璃”是借词。 D．“爱神”、“北极熊”、“超人”都是借词。 5．下列词义的变化，属于词义的缩小。 A．“meat”原指菜肴，现在指荤菜。 B．“走”本义是跑，现在指步行。 C．“江”原指长江，今泛指江河。 D．“book”原指一种树木，今指成本的著作。 1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 5．A 3．下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语言是人类最重要的交际工具，文字也是人类最重要的交际工具 B．不同的阶级使用语言具有不同的特点，说明语言具有阶级性 C．人类多种多样的语言说明语言具有任意性特点 D．语言是一种纯自然的现象 4.下列说法只有( )是正确的。 A.语法的组合规则是潜在的 B．语法的聚合规则是潜在的 C．语法的组合规则存在于书面语言中 I)．语法的聚合规则存在”ji【j头沿吉中 5．单纯阋就是由一个( )构成的词。 A．词根 B．词干 【！．词缀
英语语言学试题（2） 一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分) 1. The pair of words “lend”and “borrow” are ___. A. gradable opposites B. relational opposites C. co-hyponyms D. synonyms 2. The discovery of Indo-European language family began with the work of the British scholar____ . A. Jacob Grimm B. Rasmus Rask C. Franz Bopp D. Sir William Jones 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and language use as ___. A. unusual B. something to be feared C. abnormal D. natural 4. ___produce fast and fluent speech with good intonation and pronunciation but the content of their speech ranges from mildly inappropriate to complete nonsense, often as unintelligible. A. Broca's aphasic B. The linguistic deprivation C. The damage on the angular gyrus D. Wernicke's aphasic 5. Some Southern learners of English in China tend to say “night” as “light”. This shows:___ A. They cannot pronounce/n/ B. Interlangue interference because there is not the sound /n/in their mother tongue C. The teachers do not have a good teaching method D. They do not like to pronounce nasal sounds 6. A word with several meanings is called __word. A. a polysemous B. a synonymous C. an abnormal D. a multiple 7. The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?” is __. A. informative B. phatic C. directive D. performative 8. The most recognizable differences between American English and British English are in __ and vocabulary. A. usage B. grammar C. pronunciation D. structure 9.__deals with the way in which a language varies through geographical space. A. Linguistic geography B. Lexicology C. Lexicography D. Sociolinguistics 10.The semantic c omponents of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as __. A. +animate, +male, +human,-adult B. +animate, +male, +human, +adult C. +animate, -male, +human,-adult D. +animate,-male,+ human, +adult 二、填空题(每空1分，共10分) 11. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usually comprises a number of w________ to form a complete statement, q ________or command. 12. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of s____ g________. 13. Utterance is based on ________ ________ ;it is the realization of the abstract meaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context. 14. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who can speak several languages fluently. 15. Consonant sounds can be either v ________or v____, while all vowel sounds are v________. 三、判断说明题(判断下列各小题，正确的在题后括号内写“T”，错的写“F”，并说明理由。每小题2分，共20分) 16. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme.( ) 17. Tense and reference are two terms often encountered in the study of meaning.( ) 18. Linguistics is the course of language.( ) 19. The part of a sentence which comprises an infinite verb or a verb phrase is grammatically called
最新英语语言学期末考试重点 1.What is language? 2.Design features of language ①Arbitrariness(任意性)refers to the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural relationship to their meaning. (sounds and meanings) ②Duality（二层性）: ③Productivity/creativity(创造性）:Language is productive in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its users. ④Displacement(移位性): 3.Functions of language ① Informative(信息功能): to give information about facts. (ideational) ②Interpersonal(人际功能): to establish and maintain social status in a society.(age，sex，language，background，accent，status) ③ Performative(施为功能) : language is used to do things，to perform certain actions. (name，promise，apologize，sorry，declare) ④. Emotive/Expressive (情感功能): to express feelings and attitudes of the speaker. ⑤(寒暄交流 ⑥ Recreational function(娱乐): the use of language for sheer joy. (lyrics，poetry) ⑦Metalingual function(元语言功能): to talk about language itself. 4. What is linguistics? Linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language. 5. Important distinctions in linguistics Descriptive & prescriptive Synchronic & diachronic Langue & parole 6.Descriptive(描写/述性)—describe and analyze linguistic facts or the language people actually use (modern linguistic) Prescriptive(规定性)—lay down rules for “correct and standard” linguistic behavior in using language (traditional grammar: “never use a double negative”) 7.Synchronic study (共时)—description of a language at some point of time (modern linguistics) Diachronic study (历时)—description of a language as it changes through time (historical development of language over a period of time) 第四章 1．What is Syntax （句法）? Syntax is the study of the rules governing the ways different constituentssentences.句法就是研究语言的不同成分组成句子的规则 2．Four Approaches :The traditional approach传统语言观(Parts of speech、Syntactic Function 不考、Category范畴、Concord and government一致关系和支配关系)、The structural approach 结构语言观、The generative approach、The functional approach功能语言观 3．The traditional grammar regards sentences as a sequence of words ，so it pays great attention
1.3考研真题与典型题详解 I. Fill in the blanks. 1. The features that define our human languages can be called ______ features. (北二外2006研) 2. Linguistics is usually defined as the ______study of language. (北二外2003研) 3. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of______ communication. 4. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences ba sed on limited rules. This feature is usually termed______ 5. Linguistics is the scientific study of______. 6. Modern linguistic is______ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rul es for people to observe. 7. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of ______ over writing. 8. The branch of linguistics which studies the sound patterns of a language is called ______. (北二外2003研) 9. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of words is called______. (北二外2004研) 10. ______mainly studies the characteristics of speech sounds and provides methods for their description, classification and transcription. (北二外2005研) 11. Semantics and ______investigate different aspects of linguistic meaning. (北二外2007研) 12. In linguistics, ______ refers to the study of the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a lang uage, or simply, the study of the formation as sentence. (中山大学2008研) 13. ______can be defined as the study of language in use. Sociolinguistics, on the other hand, attempts to show the relations hip between language and society. 14. The branch of grammar which studies the internal structure of sentence is called _______. (北二外2008研) 15. Saussure distinguished the linguistic competence of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics (utteran ces) as and . The former refers to the abstract linguistic linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and the latter is the concrete manifestation of language either through speech or through writing. (人大2006研) 16. The description of a language as it changes through time is a ______ study. 17. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s______. 18. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is ______ and parole. The former is the French word for “language”, whi ch is the abstract knowledge necessary for speaking，listening， writing and reading. The latter is concerned about the actual use of language by people in speech or writing. Parole is more variable and may change according to contextual factors. 19. One of the important distinctions in linguistics is and performance. (人大2006研) 20. Chomsky initiated the distinction between ______ and performances. (北二外2007研) II. Multiple Choice 1.Which of the following is NOT a frequently discussed design feature? (大连外国语学院2008研) A. Arbitrariness B. Convention C. Duality 2.Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary? (西安交大2008研) A. tree B. crash C. typewriter D. bang 3. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as______. A. unnatural B. something to be feared C. natural D. abnormal 4. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, d ue to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation? A. Transferability. B. Duality. C. Displacement. D. Arbitrariness: 5. The study of physical properties of the sounds produced in speech is closely connected with______. (大连外国语学院2008研) A. articulatory phonetics B. acoustic phonetics C. auditory phonetics 6. Which of the following statements is true of Jacobson’s framework of language functions? A. The referential function is to indulge in language for its own sake. B. The emotive function is to convey message and inf ormation. C. The conative function is to clear up intentions, words and meanings. D. The phatic function is to establish communion w ith others.