中考冲刺四：阅读理解技巧
阅读理解
A new study finds that plants communicate with one another to warn of danger．
We often consider plants as the furniture of the natural world．They don’t move；
they don’t make sounds，they don’t seem to act on anything．But as is often the case，
plants talk to each other all the time．And the language is chemical.
Over the years，scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to
tomatoes，give out chemicals into the air to help neighboring plants．These chemical
warnings can spr ead information about one plant’s disease or infestation(虫害)，so other
plants can protect themselves．But how plants receive and act on many of the
information exactly is still mysterious.
In this week’s Science Magazine，researchers in Japan offered some explanations．They have found out one chemical message and traced it all the way from beginning to end.
The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest(害虫)．To start out，they grew plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube(管子)．One plant was infested and placed upwind and the other was uninfested and placed downwind．The downwind plants were later exposed(暴露)to the pest．The results showed that plants near sick neighbors before were able to protect themselves better against the pest.
They found one chemical appeared more often in the exposed plants．The chemical is called HexVic．The scientists discovered where HexVic come from，and put it over healthy plants．Those plants were then able to produce HexVic．Researchers made sure that uninfested plants could fight off bugs and diseases．How do they know when to protect themselves? They are warned first by their friendly plant neighbors.
It is not a simple story，and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes．It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us．In a word，we know that plants not only communicate，but also look out for one another.
The underlined “traced” in the fourth paragra ph probably means _________ here. 42．A．reported B．followed C．doubted D．developed
43．For scientists，which are the right steps to watch tomato plants infested by a pest?
①Place the infested plant upwind.
②Place the uninfested plant downwind.
③Expose the downwind plants to the pest.
④Grow plants in two separate plastic spaces connected by a tube.
A．③①②④B．①④③②C．④①②③D．④②①③
44．You can put the sentence “The researches also studied leaves from exposed plants and unexposed plants.” At the beginning of _______．
A．Paragraph 3 B．Paragraph 4 C．Paragraph 5 D．Paragraph 6
45．Which of the following can be the best title of this passage?
A．Communicating Plants and Terrible Diseases
B．Talking Plants and Friendly Warnings
C．Protecting Plants and Clear Information
D．Growing Plants and Mysterious Chemicals
【14 兰州】
This is a story from a meeting held by some people and two things in nature．We call it the
Four-Sided Talk．Let’s “listen to” everyone carefully and find out what they think．
阅读以上“四方会谈”的内容，回答下列问题。
61．What doesn’t the old tree tell us?
A．He’s afraid to be cut down some day．
B．He has fewer and fewer friends．
C．The trees have the longest lives in the world．
D．He has lived for thousands of years．
62．What’s the meaning of the underlined word “disasters”?
A．神话B．奇迹C．财富D．灾难
63．Why do some people get sick after drinking the water from the river?
A．Because the river is polluted．
B．Because the river makes the earth more beautiful．
C．Because the river can only offer water to animals．
D．Because there are too many animals and plants in the river．
64．What have the United Nations made up their minds to do from the passage?
A．Set an Earth Protecting Day．B．Protect and love the earth．
C．Hold an international meeting．D．Find out what is making the pollution．65．What will people do according to the passage?
①Over-use the resources．②Make good use of the resources．
③Start a global group．④Protect the earth．
A．①④B．②③C．①③D．②④
【答案与解析】
42．B 43．C 44．D 45．B
61．C 62．D 63．A 64．B 65．D
考试要求
1. 考查学生理解短文的主旨和主题要义能力；
2. 理解短文具体信息（包括图文转换的信息）的能力；
3. 根据短文上下情景猜测单词的能力；
4. 根据短文的内容判断和推理能力；
5. 理解作者的意图和态度的能力。
纵观全国各地中考试卷，中考阅读理解考试题的比例在整个试卷占了很大的比例，阅读理解的成绩直接决定学生能否在中考中取得优秀成绩。中考阅读短文的题材除了选一些通俗易懂的文学作品和故事体裁的小短文，还经常选用一些富有时代鲜明特征、实用性比较强的语言材料。例如：报刊杂志的文章、使用说明书、招贴告示、广告和各种各类图表。选择这些材料不仅能够提高测试的真实性，还能展示目标语言在现实生活中的真实运用来激发学生学习英语的兴趣。
1. 阅读理解的题型：
近几年中考试卷的阅读理解测试题主要有选择型测试题、判断正误型测试题和任务型测试题三种形式。根据阅读理解的题干部分可以分为以下几种测试题型：
（1）理解主旨大意题：
考查学生对于文章的中心思想或全文梗概的领会、理解和概括能力。我们可以通过“略读－skimming”来获取文章或者段落的主题和主旨大意。在略读时要注意寻找主题句（topic sentence）以帮助理解文章的主题和了解文章的大意。有一些同学可能认为没有仔细阅读文章的细节而感觉不太放心，其实没有必要担心，因为我们了解的文章的大意以后，然后对文章做仔细阅读，比较难的短文理解起来就容易多了。
略读时应该注意：主题句一般是短文第一个句子或者最后一个句子，偶尔位于段落的中间；每一段的主题句一般也是在每段的第一、二个句子或者最后一个句子。其次作者提供其写作意图，如：提供信息、描述人物、事物或者事件、讨论问题、说服某人、提出建议或者对两种观点或者事件进行比较。而其他的句子是对主题句的进一步发展及说明性的例子，有时是为主题句提供时间、地点或者原因等背景。
主旨大意题常见的设问方式如下：
1) What’s the main idea of this passage?
2) What does the passage mainly tell us?
3) The writer means to tell us that ______.
4) From the passage, we can learn/ conclude ______.
5) What’s the best title for the passage?
（2）具体细节理解题:
考查对事实或者细节的理解和辨别，即考查短文中直接或间接提到的具体信息的细节及线索。对于这种阅读理解题，需要仔细比较所给的四个选项，找出语言表达差别的关键词来重点思考。做这种考试题我们一般用“扫读Scanning”来从短文中寻找答案。扫读是有目的地在短文中为寻找某一个具体的信息或者细节而进行的搜索性阅读。特别是寻找人名、地名、时间或者某一个关键词。找到这个关键词时要进行局部地细心地阅读，以保证所寻找的答案在此处。为了保证扫读的有效性，在扫读之前必须认真审题，因为审题的过程就是明确阅读目的的过程。一般来说，这种阅读理解测试题的答案是比较好找的。只要同学们仔细阅读，认真比较，把握准确的信息，是容易找到准确答案的。
（3）根据上下文猜测词义题：
这种阅读理解测试题是对短文中某一个句子中的某一个超纲的单词或者短语画线，让考生猜
其汉语意思或者英语解释意义。短文中出现的超纲词或者短语要求学生在读懂短文的内容，
理解短文的大概意思的基础上并且根据短文上下文的意思和情景进行猜测和推断。一般来说这
些词汇是比较难或者是同学们没有学过的。如果同学们的词汇量比较大，那么解决这种阅读理
解测试题就有很大的优势。但是如果能够理解短文的内容和意思，通过上下句子和情景进行合
理的猜测，其正确率还是比较高的。
猜测单词的一些方法：
1）首先要保持冷静，迅速判断。如果是对上下文理解影响不大的词，就不要停留，继续读下去。如果是影响理解的词，尤其是划线的词，就要运用猜测单词的技巧来猜测单词的意思。
2）如果是but连接前后两个句子，那么其意思是表示转折，后面句子的画线单词表示的意思可能和前面的句子的意思是相反的。
3）如果是and连接前后两个句子，那么后面句子的画线单词的意思可能和前面句子的意思一致。4）注意下文，有时后面的句子或在下文中可能解释这个单词的意义。
5）有时即使猜测不出来单词的具体意思也不要紧，只需要了解这个单词是表示积极的还是消极的意思。通过辨认这个单词的位置来确定它是动词、形容词还是副词，然后从选项中选择。
实例说明：【2012 福建福州】
The Sydney Opera House is a very famous building in the world. It has become Sydney's best-known landmark and international symbol. The Opera House with a “sailing roof”was designed by a famous Danish architect(丹麦建筑师), Utzon. The base for the building was started in 1959, years before the designs were finished. Utzon spent four years designing the Opera House. In 1962, the designs were finalized(定稿) and the construction began. In 1967, they started the decoration inside. It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House. Queen Elizabeth II officially opened it on October 20th, 1973.
The Sydney Opera House cost around ＄100 million and was paid for by the public. 6,225 square meters of glass was used to build it. The Opera House includes 1,000 rooms. It is 185 meters long and 120 meters wide. The building’s roof sections weigh about 15 tons. Each year, this fantastic building attracts 200,000 tourists to come for a visit or enjoy events in it.
The Opera House reaches out into the harbour(港湾). It is amazing and unforgettable, offering people a strong sense of beauty.
1. The designer of the Sydney Opera House was from_________.
A. America
B. Australia
C. England
D. Denmark
2. Building the Sydney Opera House lasted__________.
A. from 1959 to 1973
B. from 1962 to 1973
C. from 1959 to 1967
D. from 1962 to 1967
3. The underlined word "construction" means__________ in Chinese.
A. 创立
B.设计
C. 施工
D. 竣工
4. __________ paid for the cost of the building of the Sydney Opera House.
A. Utzon
B. The public
C. Queen Elizabeth II
D. The government
5. Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Sailing Roof
B. Travelling in Sydney
C. The Sydney Opera House
D. The Opening of the Opera House
【解析】
1．D。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The Opera House with a ‘sailing roof’ was designed by a famous Danish architect(丹麦建筑师), Utzon”可知，悉尼歌剧院是一个丹麦的建筑师设计的。所以，悉尼歌剧院的设计得来自丹麦。故选D。
2．A。细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The base for the building was started in 1959”以及
“It took 14 years in total to build the Opera House…October 20th, 1973.”可知，悉尼歌剧院的建设从1959年持续到1973年。故选A。
3．C。词义猜测题。根据上文可知，设计已经定稿，因此下一步必然是施工，由此“construction”在此处具有“施工”的含义。故选C。
4．B。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The Sydney Opera House cost around ＄100 million and was paid for by the public.”可知，悉尼歌剧院的建设费用完全来自于公共开支。
5．D。主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了悉尼歌剧院的设计、规模等，都是围绕悉尼歌剧院而写的。因此“The Sydney Opera House”是最好的标题。
（4）简单的推理判断题：
考查学生根据短文的内容进行简单的判断或推理的能力。中考阅读理解不仅要读懂一个个的句子，而且要理解这些句子之间的内在联系。如果上下文之间存在未充分表达的内容，学生就应该充分激活头脑中的知识和经验，根据字面意思和句子的意思，通过语篇逻辑关系来研究细节的暗示、推敲作者的态度、理解文章的寓意。这就是我们平时所说的深层理解。深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。它必须忠于原文，要以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知的知识来推断未知的知识，不能凭空想象、随意推测；它要求考生对文章的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。只有吃透文章的字面意思，才能有推理的前提和基础。
判断推理题常见的设问方式：
1) It can be inferred /concluded that ＿＿＿.
2) Which of the following conclusions can we draw according to the passage?
3 The writer suggests that ＿＿＿.
4 The writer probably feels that ＿＿＿.
5 From the passage, we can see ＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿＿.
实例说明：
Take a class at Dulangkou School, and you’ll see lots of things different from other schools. You can see the desks are not in rows an d students sit in groups. They put their desks together so they’re facing each other. How can they see the blackboard? There are three blackboards on the three walls of the classroom!
The school calls the new way of learning “Tuantuanzuo”, meaning sit ting in groups. Wei Liying, a Junior teacher, said it was to give students more chance to communicate.
Each group has five or six students, according to Wei, and they play different roles (角色). There is a team leader who takes care of the whole group. There is a “study leader” who makes sure that everyone finishes their homework. And there is a discipline (纪律) leader who makes sure that nobody chats in class.
Wang Lin is a team leader. The 15-year-old said that having to deal with so many things was tiring. “I just looked after my own business before,” said Wang. “But now I have to think about my five group members.”
But Wang has got used to it and can see the benefits (好处) now.
“I used to speak too little. But being a team leader means you have to talk a lo t. You could even call me an excellent speaker today.”
Zhang Qi, 16, was weak in English. She used to get about 70 in English tests. But in a recent test, Zhang got a grade of more than 80.
“I rarely（很少）asked others when I had problems with my English. But now I can ask the team leader or study leader. They are really helpful.”
We can tell from the story that some students __________ this new way of learning.
A. get benefits from
B. are tired of
C. cannot get used to
D. hate
【解析】：
A。写作意图推断题。从短文的作者写作意图可以判断作者是告诉人们杜朗口中学的学生从这种新的教学方法中得到益处。所以选择A。
2. 阅读理解的解题技巧：
（1）事实细节题的方法和技巧：
1）详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。文章绝不是互不相干的句子杂乱无章的堆砌。作者为文，有脉可循。如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；论述题则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。可根据文章的特点，详读细节，以动词、时间、地点、事件、因果等为线索，找出关键词语，运用“画图列表法”，勾画出一幅完整清晰的文章主题和细节的认知图。
2）抓住文章的脉络和每一段中心，后面都是围绕这个中心展开分析，把握了文章的脉络后，相对来说定位就比较方便，解答细节题和主旨题就很方便了。
3）学会瞻前顾后和左顾右盼方法来理解细节题目，也就是从短文的上下联系来找到解决问题的关键细节。
4）注意引出细节的信息词，如：for example, an example of, the most important example, first, second, next, then, last, finally, to begin with, also, besides等。
（2）推理判断题的方法和技巧：
阅读理解题中难度最大且出现频率很高的是推理判断题，这种题要求考生根据文章中出现的暗示，抓住内含语义，用逻辑思维的方法加以整理，然后做出合理的判断。推理的方法大致可分为：简单推理和复杂推理。
1）简单推理
所谓简单推理就是以表面文字为前提，以具体事实为依据进行推理，做出判断。这种推理方式比较直接，只要弄清事实，即可结合常识推断出合理的结论。
2）复杂推理
复杂推理不但要以文字为依据，而且还要以文章的语境、内涵为前提。这是一种间接而复杂的逻辑推理方式。考生要推断出文章没有表明但又合乎逻辑的推理，就必须由表及里地归纳或演绎。下面是几种复杂的推理方法：
★推测作者的写作目的和意图，此类的设题形式有：
The purpose in writing this text is to .
The author in this passage intends to .
★推测作者的写作目的,必须要先了解文章的主题,然后分析作者的论述方法、论述的重点和材料的安排。
★推测文章的观点或结论，此类设题形式有:
It can be inferred from the passage that .
From the passage we can conclude that .
这类问题问的不一定是全文的中心思想或作者的全部观点，可能只是文章中的某一观点。但要推测出文中的某一观点，仍离不开对全文主要观点或中心思想的把握。
3）推断文章的出处，设题形式有:
The passage is most likely to be taken from .
The passage is most likely a part of .
这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：
报纸：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称；
广告：因其格式和语言特殊，容易辨认；
产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、药量等。
（3）单词猜测词义的方法和技巧：
1）根据上下文猜测词意
2）根据构词法猜测词意
在阅读文章时，总会遇上一些新词汇，有时很难根据上下文来推断其词意，而它们对文章的理解又有着举足轻重的作用，此时，如掌握了一些常用的词根、前缀、后缀等语法知识，这些问题便不难解决了。例如：
前缀un-表反义词，如happy、unhappy，fair、unfair，important、unimportant等。
后缀- ment表名词，如develop、development，state、statement，argue、argument等。
后缀-er、-or或-ist表同源名词，如calculate/ calculator; visit/ visitor; law/ lawyer; wait/waiter; science/ scientist; art/ artist等。
3）通过因果关系猜词。
首先是找出生词与上下文之间的逻辑关系，然后猜词。有时文章借助关联词(如because，as，since，for，so，thus，as a result，of course，therefore等等)表示前因后果。
4）通过句法功能来推测词义。例如：
Bananas，oranges，pineapples，coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如pineapples 和coconuts是生词，我们可以从这两个词在句中所处的位置来判断它们大致的意思。从句中不难看出pineapples，coconuts和bananas，oranges是同类关系，同属fruit类，因此它们是两样水果，准确地说，是菠萝和椰子。
5）通过描述猜词。
描述即作者为帮助读者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而对该人或该物做出的外在相貌或内在特征的描写。例如：
The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot fly，it can swim in the icy water to catch the fish.
从例句的描述中可以得知penguin是一种生活在南极的鸟类。后面更详尽地描述了该鸟类的生活习性。
3. 阅读正误判断和任务型阅读
以上涉及到的都是在中考题中出现最多的选择型阅读测试题的做题技巧。除此之外，还有阅读正误判断题和任务型阅读题两种考查形式。
阅读正误判断题，难度逐渐降低，一般试题在短文中可以直接找到答案，也可以用上述的方法来做题。
任务型阅读是近年来推出的新题型，命题灵活，题型多样，可能是问答题，也可能是翻译句子，填写表格信息等，能够很好地考查学生的英语综合能力。但是只要我们注意养成良好的阅读心理，提高阅读速度，就能做好这种题。解题时注意：
（1）浏览试题，明确要求。带着问题去读短文，有的放矢。
（2）浏览全文，捕捉有用信息。阅读时，注意有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因及一些定义、数据和一些关键词语，可以做出标记，有目的地把文后题目和短文中相关信息加以比较，从而找到正确答案。
（3）复读全文，抓住细节。答题时有问题，要重新在短文中寻找答案，注意短文的首尾句或每一段的首尾句，那往往是事件的结果或作者的态度、意图等。
（4）再读全文，核对答案。要用全文的主题大意重新审核各题答案，看前后是否一致，是否符合短文的主旨大意，细节方面是否和短文一致，是否有拼写和语法错误等。
阅读理解整体分析 选材 ①阅读材料通常在150~250词之间 ②选材广泛,具有浓厚的时代气息 ③阅读语段生动活泼,语句富子变化 命题原则 ①要求考生既能理解具体的事实,也能理解抽象的概念; ②要求考生既能理解文章的表层意思,也能理解文章的深层含义; ③要求考生既能理解某句、某段的意思,也能理解全篇的逻辑关系; 中考阅读理解的应试策略 在解答阅读理解题时,要根据如下步骤进行解题。 1.浏览问题明确要求 先了解文章后面所要解决的问题再去看文章,能使思路更加清晰,做到心中有数。 2.略读全文,了解梗概 略读就是在尽可能短的时间内把握文章或段落的内容,略读时要特别注意主题。 3.通读寻读猎取信息 寻读时可把与答题无关的内容一扫而过,而与答题有关的重要信息要认真读。 4逐条分析,对号入座 即把寻读时所获得的信息与答题要求结合起来,逐条进行分析,对号人座。 5.复读全文,验证答案 再次仔细阅读全文,进一步加深对文章的理解,核实所选内容是否正确。 阅读理解不同题型解题技巧 基于不同的考查目的,阅读理解题通常可分类为“细节理解题”“主且大意题”“词义猜测题”与“推理判断题”,不同的考查目的,会有不同的设题特点可使用不同的解题技巧。 一、细节理解题解题技巧 细节理解题主要是考查who, what, which, when, where等文章细节些细节理解题比较简单,只需浏览文中所叙述的事实或细节,就可以作答。 但一些细节理解题则需要通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语的理解能力,对文中个别难词、关键词、词组或句子作出解释或需要对有关的上下文提供的语境和信息、甚至对整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解和判断。这些题的难度较大解答细节理解题时,要先看题于,然后带着问题读文章。同学们做这类题时可以边读边做记号,加强阅读的针对性提高做题的准确率, 1.语义转换题一跳读查找法。语义转换题通常考查对某句话或某几包话的理解，可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关句子,然后进行比较和分析,并确定最佳答案运用跳读查找法时,要特别注意试题及其选项与原文之间的语义变换,如同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等 2.生活应用题一常识理解法。生活应用题要求学生在读懂文章的基础上结合定的生活常识进行判断。但有些时候,一些常识性判断题,甚至只看题干,就可选出最佳答案。 3.细节排序题一首尾定位法。这种试题要求学生根据动作发生的先后顺序和句子之间的逻辑关系,找出事件发生的正确顺序,做此类题时可采用“首尾定位第一个动作和最后一个动作,迅速缩小选择范围,从而快速选出正确答案 4.寻找值息题一干定位法。快速寻找信息题一般为功能阅读题,主要形式有广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表、购物就餐等,做这类题时没有必要阅读全文,直采用“题干定位法,根据题干要求,直接从表格中查找相关信息
阅读短文还原句子—1 阅读短文，从下列所给的五个句子中，选四句还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。其中有一个多余选项。 阅读短文，从下列所给的五个句子中，选四句还原到短文中，使短文意思通顺、结构完整。其中有一个多余选项。 In 1940, a little girl named Wilma Rudolph was born. She was small and sick. In her early childhood, Wilma had many serious illnesses. 61 When Wilma was four years old, doctors noticed her left leg was not straight. They told her family that she had polio（小儿麻痹症），and that she would never walk. Wilma and her family didn’t want to believe the doctors. Wilma exercised every day until she was able to walk with a brace（支架）. 62 All her friends played basketball after school. Wilma sat and watched them every day, dreaming of being an athlete（运动员）. Of course, people thought she was crazy. 63 By the time she was nine years old, she could walk without a brace! She began playing basketball. In middle school, she was the star of the basketball team. A running coach saw her play. He thought Wilma could be a great runner. Soon Wilma was training for the Olympics. When she was sixteen, she flew to Melbourne for the 1956 Olympic Games. 64 Over the next four years, Wilma continued to train as a runner. In 1960, Wilma went to the Rome Olympics, determined to do better. Two days before her first race, she twisted(扭伤) her ankle. She was worried that her chance was gone. But she won the 100-meter race. 65 After that, she and her teammates won the 400-meter relay race. Wilma Rudolph was the first American woman to win three gold medals in a single Olympics! 281words 61-64 阅读短文还原句子—2 阅读短文，根据短文内容从方框中选择恰当的句子把短文补充完整，将其代号填在答题卡相应的题号后。注意选项中有一个多余选项。
中考英语阅读理解培优训练(附解析) 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Some people think only school children do not agree with their parents, however, it is not true. Communication is a problem for parents and children of all ages. If it's hard for you to communicate with your parents, don't worry about it. Here are some advice for you to bridge the generation gap （代沟）. Don't argue （争辩） with your parents. Don't get to your parents when you are angry. Your parents probably won't consider your ideas if you are shouting at them. And you can't express yourself well if you are angry. Go someplace to cool off. Make sure you understand why you are unhappy. Then think about what you want to say to your parents. If you don't think you can speak to them at the moment, try writing a letter. Try to reach a compromise （和解）. Perhaps you and your parents disagree on something. You can keep your disagreement and try your best to accept each other. Michael's mother didn't agree with him about buying a motorcycle. They argued over it. But they finally came to a compromise. Michael bought the motorcycle, but only drove it on certain days. Of course, your parents might refuse to compromise on something. In these situations, it is especially important to show love and respect （尊敬） to them. Showing respect will keep your relationship strong. Talk about your values. The values of your parents are probably different from those of your own. Tell your parents what you care about, and why. Understanding your values might help them see your purposes in life. A good relationship with your parents can make you a better and happier person. It is worth having a try! （1）According to the passage who have a communication problem? A. parents and other people B. only school kids and their parents C. teachers and their students D. parents and children of all ages （2）How many pieces of advice does the writer give us to bridge the generation gap? A. 5. B. 4. C. 3. D. 2. （3）The underlined word "bridge" in the passage means "___________". A. 建立 B. 消除 C. 通过 D. 到达 （4）If the values of your parents are different from those of yours, you'd better ___________. A. argue with them B. keep away from them C. agree with them all the time D. tell your parents what you care about （5）The best title for the passage is ___________.
初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看，短文体裁多样，题材各异，文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面，充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题，弄清考点。在阅读短文之前，快速浏览问题，以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数，快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序，应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题，因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案，而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解，再作判断。 （一）主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时，应通读全文，理解文章大意，充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开，主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 （二）细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题，体现中心思想的，往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时，应快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、数字等，阅读时要有针对性。 （三）推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论，主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括：数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时，应根据短文中的相关语句，对与事实有关的细节加以分析，找出线索，悟出字里行间的意思，反复比较，从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 （四）猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下，推断词义的题目中所出现的单词，大多数是学生未曾见过的生词，学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文，断定该词的真正含义，然后将这个释义代入文中，检查是否贴切，仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 （五）正误判断题 正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节，给出一个句子，判断其正误。这类题比较直接，难度相对较小。做此类题时，应先看题，后带着“问题”快速阅读短文，寻找所需要的信息。初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型，在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力，包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说，阅读理解题主要针对如下方面：（1）个别词语或句子；（2）某一细节或情节；（3）主题；（4）背景知识；（5）结论或结局；（6）内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点，来谈一些答题技巧。 一、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单，只要通读全文，了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来，有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多，例如：
中考英语英语阅读理解精选附答案 一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷 1．阅读理解 Earlier this year, China achieved a new milestone (里程碑) in space research. On January 3, 2019, Chang'e-4 became the first lunar probe (月球探测器) in history to successfully land on the far side of the moon. The Earth's gravity (重力) slows the moon's rotation (自转), matching it to the speed of its orbit (公转). Therefore, the far side of the moon is almost "dark" and has never been seen. It's this sense of the unknown that makes the far side of the moon such an interesting place for scientific and space research. Being blown by solar (太阳的) winds, the far side may have the special minerals (矿物质). For this reason, Chang'e-4 will study the effect of solar winds on the lunar surface and any mineral found by the spacecraft. Chang'e-4 is also carrying flower seeds, potatoes and silkworm eggs to see whether life is possible on the moon. If it is, then the moon will become a possible choice for space travel in the future. However, research of the "dark" side isn't easy. As the far side is blocked(阻断) off from us, radio noise coming off Earth is also blocked. This is why China's relay satellite (中继卫星) Queqiao was sent up in May, 2018. Thanks to Queqiao, the communication problem between Earth and Chang'e-4 has been well solved. Power supply (电源供应) is also a challenge to the task. Chang'e-4 gets energy from the sun through its solar panels. As we know, a lunar day has the length (长度) of 28 Earth days. After Chang'e-4 was sent up on December 8, 2018, it took the probe over 20 days to orbit the moon to be in a position to be able to land in moon daylight and use its solar panels. Luckily, everything goes well, Chang'e-4 has worked on the "dark" side for over 5 months. It has sent back many photos of the far side of the moon and has been used to carry out some scientific experiments. The New York Times used the word "groundbreaking" to praise the task and wrote that "it will offer help to the history and development of the moon". （1）When was Chang'e-4 sent up? A. In May, 2018. B. On December 8, 2018. C. On January 3, 2019.
中考冲刺四：阅读理解技巧(提高) I.真题演练。 (2014 武汉) I never saw my father home from work late or ill, nor did I ever see my father take a "night out with the boys". He had no hobbies but just took care of his family. For 22 years, since I left home for college, my father called me every Sunday at 9:00 am. He was always interested in my life—how my family was doing. The calls even came when he and my mother were in Australia, England or Florida. Nine years ago when I bought me first house, my father, 67 years old, spent eight hours a day for three days, painting my house. He would not allow me to pay someone to have it done. All he asked, was a glass of iced tea, and that I hold a paintbrush for him and talk to him. But I was too busy, for I had a law practice to run, and I could not take the time to hold the paintbrush, or talk to my father. Five years ago, my 71-year-old father spent five hours putting together a swing set（秋千）for my daughter. Again, all he asked was that I get him a glass of iced tea, and talk to him, but again, I had laundry to do, and the house to clean. The morning on Sunday, January 16, 1996, my father telephoned me as usual, this time he had seemed to have forgotten some things we had discussed the week before. I had to get to church, and I cut the conversation short. The call came at 4:40 am. That day my father was sent to hospital in Florida. I got on a plane immediately, and I vowed（发誓）that when I arrived, I would make I arrived in Florida at 1:00 am, but my father had passed away at 9:12 pm. This time it was he who did not have time to talk, or time to wait for me. In the years since his death I have learnt much about my father, and even more about every single day. 1. We know from the reading that the father_____. A. liked to paint houses B. had no friends around him C. was not healthy in his youth D. thought of his family as his all 2. When her father painted her first house, the daughter_____. A. could only afford a glass of iced tea B. was too busy to talk to her father C. could do nothing but hold a paintbrush D. spent eight hours a day working with her father
中考英语阅读理解专项复习经典 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．阅读理解 Science fiction is a popular kind of writing, and many people think of Jules Verne（凡尔纳） as the father of science fiction. He was born in France in 1828. His father wanted him to become a lawyer, but from his early 20s Verne decided to become a writer. At first he wrote plays for the theater. Then, in 1863, he wrote a story called Five Weeks in a Balloon. The success of this book encouraged him to write more stories such as A Journey to the Center of the Earth（1864） and From the Earth to the Moon（1865）. In the 19th century, many people were interested in science and inventions. Jules Verne wrote about scientific subjects in his stories and, as a result, they were very popular. Verne's writing included many predictions（预言）for the 20th century and many of them came true. He described space flight, movies, and air conditioning, a long time before they appeared. These books were very successful and they made Verne rich. Jules Verne's books have been the subjects for many movies. 20, 000 Leagues under the Sea was a successful movie for Walt Disney. It was the first time that Disney movie had used real actors instead of cartoon drawings. Around the World in Eighty Days is another famous movie based on one of Verne's books. The main character is an Englishman called Phileas Fogg. For him, the most important thing is to be always on time! （1）What does the phrase "the father of science fiction" mean? A. The father who has several children. B. The man who loves science and inventions. C. The writer whose father wrote science fiction. D. The man who first started writing science fiction successfully. （2）What encouraged Jules Verne to write more stories? A. The plays he wrote for the theater. B. The encouragement from his father. C. The success of Five Weeks in a Balloon. D. The scientific subjects in his stories. （3）Why were Jules Verne's books very popular in the 19th century? A. Because his books made him rich and famous. B. Because he wrote many plays for the theater at that time. C. Because his books were the subjects for many movies. D. Because many people were interested in science and inventions. （4）Which of the following has the main character called Phileas Fogg? A. Five Weeks in a Balloon. B. Around the World in Eighty Days. C. A Journey to the Center of the Earth. D. From the Earth to the Moon. （5）According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE? A. The space flight Verne described was different from others. B. The main characters in Verne's books are always on time. C. Jules Verne only wrote in the 19th century. D. Many of the predictions in Verne's stories came true.
2020年中考英语阅读理解20篇专项训练 (名师精选试题+实战训练，建议下载练习) 话题 1 教育引导 Passage 1 An old African-American woman was standing on the side of the highway on a rainy night. Her car broke down, and she really needed a ride. After waiting for half an hour, a young white man stopped to help her. It’s unusual because the black and the white ar e thought to be in the racial conflict（种族冲突）in the 1960s. The man took her to a safe place and helped her get a taxi car. She seemed to be very hungry, so the white man gave her some bread. She wrote down his address, thanked him and went away. Several days went by and a knock came on the man’s door. To his surprise, a color TV was sent to his home. A special note read: Thank you so much for helping me on the highway. Because of you, I was able to make it to my dying husband’s bedside just before he passe d away. Help those who need help. You will never know what it will bring to them. 1.What happened to the woman’s car?（根据短文内容回答问题） 2.Who helped the woman?（根据短文内容回答问题） 3.How did the woman thank the man?（根据短文内容回答问题） 4.从文中找出与下面句子画线部分意思最接近的单词。 A special note read: Thank you so much for helping me on the highway. 5.The underlined word “it” refers to . 【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了在二十世纪六十年代种族冲突时期在一个雨夜发生的感人故事，一位白人男子帮助了一位非裔美国老妇人，最后才知道原来老妇人是为了能及
中考英语阅读理解本章综合与测试（解析版） 一、初三英语阅读理解（含答案详细解析） 1．根据短文内容理解选择正确答案。 A According to a new survey, students’ safety has become a big problem. Nearly 50% of students say they are worried about robbery on the way to and from school. Now in main big cities in China, some schools have taught an unusual lesson: self-protection. Students like this lesson because there are no exams or boring classes. And they can learn how to save lives and know how to stop danger before it really happens. Chen Haoyu, a teacher at Beijing No. 25 Middle School, gives young students advice on how to deal with danger. ★If you are robbed Keep calm. lf you can not cry for help or run away. Give the robber your money. Try to remember what the robber looks like and tell the police later. ★If you are in a traffic accident If a car hits you. You should remember the car number. If it is a bicycle, try to call your parents before you let the rider go. This is because you don't know how seriously you are hurt ★If it is raining hard and there is lighting Don't stay in high places and stay away from trees. ★When there is a fire Get away as fast as yon can. Put wet things on your body and try to find an exit. Do not take the lift. ★If someone is drowning If you can't swim, don't get into the water. Cry out for help. Remember that danger is never as far away as you think. Take care of yourself at all time! （1）Why do students like the self-protection lesson? ①Because there are no tests. ②Because the lessons are boring ③Because they can learn how to save lives. ④Because they can know how to stop danger b efore it happens. A. ①② B. ②③ C. ①②④ D. ①③④ （2）What will you do if a bicycle hurts you? A. I will remember the bicycle number. B. I won't let the rider go until I call my parents. C. I will let the rider go before I call my parents. D. I will let the rider go because I know how seriously I am hurt. （3）lf your house is on fire, you must__________. A. put dry things on your body B. run quickly and take the lift C. run away and find an exit as quickly as you can
初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典练习 英语阅读理解一直都是中考的重点复习对象。原因它在中考中的分数占总分的比重最大。为此，我总结了一些初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧和一些经典的练习题。初中英语理解要提高有两个方面，1. 考前阅读准备。2. 临场解题技巧。 1. 考前阅读准备 一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。 二、要提高视读的速度，考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。 2. 临场解题技巧 1. 审视标题，抓住中心 试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。 2. 浏览全文，掌握全貌 如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 3. 细读题目，抓住要点
对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。 4. 细读文章，掌握细节 这次应细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即五个W ：who ， what， when， where， why）划出来。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。 5. 理解大意，初选答案 一般短文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目，应再查阅原文，但决不是简单重读，应找出依据，把所答案代入文中，再确定正误。在确定答案时，对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，切忌望文生义，作出错误的判断。 6. 复读全文，核对答案
2019中考英语阅读理解专项练习：The report The report came to the British on May 21,1949. The German battleship Bismarck, the most powerful warship(战舰) in the world, was moving out into the Atlantic Ocean. Her task： to destroy the ships supplies from the United Statesto war-tornEngland. The British had feared such a task. No warship they had could match theBismarckin speed or in firepower. TheBismarckhad eight 15-inch guns and 81 small guns. She could move at 30 nautical(海上的) miles an hour. She was believed to be unsinkable. However, the British had to sink her. They sent out a task force headed by their best battleship Hood to hunt down theBismarck. On May 24, the Hood found theBismarck. It was a meeting that the German commander Luetjens did not want to see. His orders were to destroy the British ships that were carrying supplies, but to stay away from a fight with British warships. The battle didn’t last long. The Bismarck’s first torpedo(鱼雷) hit the Hood, which went down taking all but three of her 4,419 men with her. But in the fight, theBismarckwas slightly damaged. Her commander decided to run for repairs toFrance, which had at that time been taken by the speed and the heavy fog, they lost sight of her.