翻译二级笔译综合能力2003年12月
2003年12月英语二级《笔译综合能力》试题
Part 1 Summary Writing
1. Read the following English passage and then write a Chinese summary of approximately 300 words that expresses its main ideas and basic information (40 points, 50 minutes).
Deceptively small in column inches, a recent New Y ork Times article holds large meaning for us in business. The item concerned one Daniel Provenzano, 38, of Upper Saddle River, . Here is the relevant portion: When he owned a Fort Lee printing company called Advice Inc., Mr. Provenzano said he found out that a sales representative he employed had stolen $9,000. Mr. Provenzano said he told the man that
Mr. Provenzano explained that he
Dealing with the bottom 10%. GE made the system famous, but plenty of companies are using it: Every year you get rid of the worst-evaluated workers. Many managers object that this practice is inhumane, but not dealing with that bottom 10% leads to big performance problems. Provenzano found a kinder, gentler answer. After all, this employee would have been fired virtually anywhere else. But at Advice Inc., he stayed on the job. And you know what I bet he became a very, very—very—productive employee. For most managers Provenzano's innovative response will be a welcome new addition to their executive tool kit. And by the way, Being the employer of top talent scarce everywhere, most companies now want to be their industry's or their community's most desirable employer. Advice Inc. understood. The employee in question wasn't simply disciplined in his supervisor's office and sent home. No, that's how an ordinary employer would have done it. But at Advice Inc., another employee—the HR manager, perhaps —took time out his busy day and drove the guy right to the emergency room. And then—the detail that says it all—the company provided a car service to drive the employee home.
The message to talented job candidates comes through loud and clear: Advice Inc. is a company that cares.
Setting an example to eternal problem for managers is how to let all employees know what happens to those who perform especially well or badly. A few companies actually post everyone's salary and bonus on their intranet. But pay is so one-dimensional. At Advice Inc., a problem that would hardly be mentioned at most companies—embezzlement— was undoubtedly the topic of rich discussions for weeks, at least until the employee's cast came off. Any employee theft probably went way, way—way—down.
When the great Roberto Goizueta was CEO of Coca-Cola he used to talk about this problem of setting examples and once observed, Differentiation. This is one of Jack Welch' s favorite concepts—the idea that managers should treat different employees very differently based on performance. Welch liked to differentiate with salary, bonus, and stock options, but now, in what must henceforth be known as the post-Provenzano management era, we can see that GE's great management thinker just wasn't thinking big enough.
This Times article is tantalizing and frustrating. In just a few sentences it opens a whole new world of management, yet much more surely remains to be told. We must all urge Provenzano to write a book explaining his complete managerial philosophy.
2. Read the following Chinese passage and then write an English summary of approximately 250 words that expresses its central ideas and main viewpoints (40 points, 50 minutes).
越是对原作体会深刻,越是欣赏原文的美妙,越觉得心长力绌,越觉得译文远远的传达不出原作的神韵。返工的次数愈来愈多,时间也花得愈来愈多,结果却总是不满意。……例如句子的转弯抹角太生硬,色彩单调,说理强而描绘弱,处处都和我性格的缺陷与偏差有关。自然,我并不因此灰心,照样“知其不可为而为之”,不过要心情愉快也很难了。工作有成绩才是最大的快乐:这一点你我都一样。
另外有一点是肯定的,就是西方人的思想方式同我们距离太大了。不做翻译工作的人恐怕不会体会到这么深切。他们刻画心理和描写感情的时候,有些曲折和细腻的地方,复杂繁琐,简直与我们格格不入。我们对人生琐事往往有许多是认为不值一提而省略,有许多只是罗列事实而不加分析的;如果要写情就用诗人的态度来写:西方作家却多半用科学家的态度,历史学家的态度(特别巴尔扎克),像解剖昆虫一般。译的人固然懂得了,也感觉到它的特色,妙处,可是要叫思想方式完全不一样的读者领会就难了。思想方式反映整个的人生观,宇宙观,和几千年文化的发展,怎能一下子就能和另一民族的思想沟通呢你很幸运,音乐不像语言的局限那么大,你还是用音符表达前人的音符,不是用另一种语言文字,另一种逻辑。(《傅雷家书》) Part 2 Reading Comprehension (20 points, 20 minutes)
In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with four (A, B, C and D) suggested answers or ways of finishing. You must choose the one which you think fits best.
PASSAGE 1
T o Err Is Human
by Lewis Thomas
Everyone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time. Bank balances are suddenly reported to have jumped from $379 into the millions, appeals for charitable contributions are mailed over and over to people with crazy sounding names at your address, department stores send the wrong bills, utility companies write that they're turning everything off, that sort of thing. If you manage to get in touch with someone and complain, you then get instantaneously typed, guilty letters from the same computer, saying,
These are supposed to be the sheerest, blindest accidents. Mistakes are not believed to be the normal behavior of a good machine. If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error, the result of fingering, tampering a button getting stuck, someone hitting the wrong key. The computer, at its normal best, is infallible.
I wonder whether this can be true. After all, the whole point of computers is that they represent an extension of the human brain, vastly improved upon but nonetheless human, superhuman maybe. A good computer can think clearly and quickly enough to beat you at chess, and some of them have even been programmed to write obscure verse. They can do anything we can do, and more besides.
It is not yet known whether a computer has its own consciousness, and it would be hard to find out about this. When you walk into one of those great halls now built for the huge machines, and standing listening, it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking, and the turning of the spools gives them the look of wild creatures rolling their eyes in the effort to concentrate, choking with information. But real thinking, and dreaming, are other matters. On the other hand, the evidence of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around, in every mail. As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities.
Question 1: The title of the writing
A. making mistakes is confined only to human beings.
B. every human being cannot avoid making mistakes.
C. all human beings are always making mistakes.
D. every human being is born to make bad mistakes.
Question 2: The first paragraph implies that
A. computer errors are so obvious that one can hardly prevent them from happening.
B. a computer is so capable of making errors that none of them is avoidable.
C. computers make such errors as miscalculation and inaccurate reporting.
D. computers can't think so their errors are natural and unavoidable.
Question 3: The author uses his hypothesis that
A. human beings are not infallible, nor are computers.
B. computers are bound to make as many errors as human beings.
C. errors made by computers can be avoided the same as human mistakes can be avoided.
D. computers are made by human beings and so are their errors.
Question 4: The rhetoric the author employed in writing the third paragraph, especially the sentence
A. climax.
B. personification.
C. hyperbole.
D. onomatopoeia.
Question 5: The author compared the faint and distant sound of the computer to the sound of thinking and regarded it as the product of
A. dreaming and thinking.
B. some property of errors.
C. consciousness.
D. possibilities.
PASSAGE 2
The Frugal Gourmet Cooks American
by Jeff Smith
Our real American foods have come from our soil and have been used by many groups— those who already lived here and those who have come here to live. The Native Americans already had developed an interesting cuisine using the abundant foods that were so prevalent.
The influence that the English had upon our national eating habits is easy to see. They were a tough lot, those English, and they ate in a tough manner. They wiped theft mouths on the tablecloth, if there happened to be one, and they ate until you would expect them to burst. European travelers to this country in those days were most often shocked by American eating habits, which included too much fat and too much salt and too much liquor. Not much has changed! And, the Revolutionists
refused to use the fork since it marked them as Europeans. The fork was not absolutely common on the American dinner table until about the time of the Civil War, the 1860s. Those English were a tough lot.
Other immigrant groups added their own touches to the preparation of our New World food products. The groups that came still have a special sense of self-identity through their ancestral heritage, but they see themselves as Americans. This special self-identity through your ancestors who came from other lands was supposed to disappear in this country. The term melting pot was first used in reference to America in the late 1700s, so this belief that we would all become the same has been with us for a long time. Thank goodness it has never worked. The various immigrant groups continue to add flavor to the pot, all right, but you can pick out the individual flavors easily.
The largest ancestry group in America is the English. There are more people in America who claim to have come from English blood than there are in England. But is their food English Thanks be to God, it is not! It is American. The second largest group is the Germans, then the Irish, the Afro-Americans, the French, the Italians,
the Scottish, and the Polish. The Mexican and American Indian groups are all smaller than any of the above, though they were the original cooks in this country.
Question 6: Which of the following statements is nearly identical in meaning with the sentence
A. Y ou bet they would never stop to eat till they are full.
B. What you can expect is that they would not stop eating unless there was no more food.
C. The only thing you would expect is that they wouldn't stop eating till they had had enough of the food.
D. the only thing is that they wouldn't stop eating till they felt sick.
Question 7: Which of the following statements is Not true
A. English people had bad table manners.
B. American food was exclusively unique in its flavors and varieties.
C. American diet contained a lot of fat, salt and liquor.
D. Europeans were not at all accustomed to the American way of eating.
Question 8: The author's attitude towards American food is that
A. American food is better than foods from other countries.
B. American food is superior to European food.
C. European food had helped enrich the flavors and varieties of American food.
D. people from other countries could still identify from the American foods the foods that were unique to their countries.
Question 9: Immigrant groups, when they got settled down in the United States, still have had their own sense of self-identity because
A. their foods are easily identified among all the foods Americans eat.
B. their foods stand out in sharp contrast to foods of other countries.
C. they know pretty well what elements of American food are of their own countries' origin.
D. they know pretty well how their foods contribute to American cuisine.
Question 10: Which of the following statements is true
A. People from other cultures or nations start to lose their self-identity once they get settled down in America.
B. The
C. The special sense of self-identity of people from other countries can't be main- mined once they become Americans.
D. The
参考答案及评分要点
Part 1 Summary Writing
1. (40 points)
评分要点:
1) 简要描述该事件。普罗文扎诺让人用锤子敲折了贪污的雇员的拇指,再请医生接上,但没有开除他。普罗文扎诺因此被起诉。作者觉得他的做法对于企业经理大有教益。
2) 在以人为本的经营环境里,管理者面临以下问题:
A.如何对付表现最差的雇员。解雇评估结果最差的工人。普罗文扎诺的创举将成为管理手段中的新内
容,“管理手段”不能是空话。
B.如何成为人们首选的雇主。普罗文扎诺的做法向求职者传递了明白的信息:他的公司很讲人道。
C.如何杀一儆百。此举可能会使雇员的贪污行为越来越少。可口可乐公司前首席执行官持同样观点,但没有实行。
D.如何区别对待雇员。韦尔奇主张,经理应当根据雇员的不同表现给予不同的待遇;但与普罗文扎诺相比,这位管理大师的想象力还不够丰富。
3) 整体效果:
A.总结作者的真正意图:许多企业管理有许多问题尚待解决,普罗文扎诺一案值得深思。
B.文字精练、准确,语句完整、通顺,保留作者的诙谐口吻。
C.语病、错别字、标点使用不当,倒扣分。
2.(40 points)
评分要点:
1) 核心信息:译文难以传达原作的神韵。
2) 产生原因,如:东、西方思维方式的不同——西方人的曲折细腻、复杂繁琐与分析解剖,东方人的省略琐事与不重分析等。
3) 具体特点,如:译文句子牛硬、色彩单调、说理强而描绘弱。
4) 整体效果:文字精练、准确;语句通顺、无语病;标点使用正确。
Part 2 Reading Comprehension (20 points)
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C
6. D
7. B
8. D
9. C 10. B
综合解析
Part 1
考试大纲调整后,此模块已被取消,因此不做具体讲解。
Part 2
[分析] 主旨题型。
答案出自文章中第二段的第三句If things go wrong, it must be a personal, human error...,人类犯错总是不可避免的。
[分析] 推断题型。
第一句Everyone must have had at least one personal experience with a computer error by this time。是这段的主题句,下面详述了电脑操作中出现的错随处可见,因此,电脑错误是防不胜防的。
[分析] 细节题型。
根据末段的最后一句话As extensions of the human brain, they have been constructed the same property of error, spontaneous, uncontrolled, and rich in possibilities.(电脑作为人脑的衍生物具有人类犯错、自觉的、自由的和丰富的潜力等特点。)所以,人和电脑犯错都是不可避免的。
[分析] 推断题型。
原句的主语是电脑,但作者用了人类才有的行为think,beat说明其修辞是拟人手法。climax层递, personification拟人:hyperbole夸张;onomatopoeia拟声。
[分析] 细节题型。
答案出自第四段第二、四句...it is easy to imagine that the faint, distant noises are the sound of thinking... On the other hand, the evidence of something like an unconscious, equivalent to ours, are all around...。
[分析] 推断题型。
burst满到要胀破的程度。A是吃到饱就行;B是吃完食物;C是吃得足够多;D 是吃到感觉恶心吐出来。
[分析] 是非题型。
根据第二段第二句they ate in a tough manner可以得知A项正确。由第四句European travelers to this country in those days were most often shocked by American eating habits, which included too much fat and too much salt and too much liquor.可以判断出C、D两项正确。
[分析] 态度题型。
答案出自第三段最后一句The various immigrant groups continue to add flavor to the pot, all right, but you can pick out the individual flavors easily.(移民为美国的食品加进厂很多风味,但是,大家很容易品出来自其他国家的独特风味。)
[分析] 推断题型。
参看第二段第四、五句European travelers to this country in those days were... too much liquor. Not much has changed!
[分析] 是非题型。
答案出自第三段的倒数第三句The term melting pot was...flavors easily。
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英语翻译三级笔译综合能力模拟试题及答案解析（13） (1/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第1题 It discusses the major economic, institutional social and geographical ______ that need to be addressed in the appropriate introduction and use of this technology. A.fronts https://www.doczj.com/doc/4015779747.html,ments C.facts D.aspects 下一题 (2/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第2题 The three largest Japanese banks are ______ into the world's largest banking group. A.assimilated B.incorporated C.embodied https://www.doczj.com/doc/4015779747.html,bined 上一题下一题 (3/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第3题 In addition, government has acted as the provider of pump ______ funds for new applications, but this role is increasingly being called into question. A.priming B.breaking C.emerging D.omitting 上一题下一题 (4/20)SECTION 1 Vocabulary Selection In the section, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A,B,C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentences. There is only ONE right answer. 第4题 The role played by supranational entities, such as the WTO, ITU and telecoms MOU bodies ______ in and regulating this environment will be examined. A.following
CATTI三级笔译综合能力考试试题及答案解析(三) 一、Vocabulary Selection（本大题20小题．每题1.0分，共20.0分。In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are four words or phrases respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only one right answer. ） 第1题 Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer. A rather than B other than C bigger than D more than 第2题 The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance. A by accident B at random C on occasion 第3题 English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______. A circulation B rotation C circumstance D appreciation 第4题
全国翻译专业资格（水平）考试英语三级笔译实务模拟试题 Part 1 English-Chinese Translation (英译汉) Translate the following passage into Chinese and write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET (60 points, 100 minutes). I leave the vault, and as the guard closes the door, a marine archaeologist asks if I want to see anything else. As an example he shows me an astrolabe, a navigation tool that preceded the sextant. Few have survived. "We have three of the oldest known," he says. He directs me to a paper on astrolabes written by a Cuban colleague, who quoted a 16th-century instruction: "He who wants to take the sun with an astrolabe at sea, must be seated near the main mast, the place where the boat oscillates the least and is quiet." I want to take the measure of Cubas past, so I tell the archaeologist I would like to go to the place where the plain things are. I am here not only to see treasures that glitter but also to see and touch objects that illumine moments of the past. Smiling, he takes me into storage rooms where he and other archaeologists preserve cargoes from four centuries of wrecks. Jumbled on these shelves is the stuff of Cubas long reign as counting house and command center for Spains New World colonies. I see knickknacks destined for one of the annual 18th-century trade fairs, where Cubans bought imports from Spain. I also see, pallid from centuries in the sea, dozens of little painted ceramic dogs, lions, cats, and deer later shipped from England. Stacked nearby are sets of dinner dishes, tankards, an hourglass, a bottle of very Old Spanish wine. On another day, in fading light, I walk the ramparts of El Morro, its lighthouse standing tall over Havanas harbor. The old fortress, by day a warren of tourist stops, changes by night, looming deeper into the shadows of Havanas past. As torches light the darkness, I watch Cuban soldiers, costumed as 18th-century Spanish sentries, march along the ramparts of the Castillo de San Carlos and fire a cannon that salutes
翻译三级笔译实务-1 (总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、{{B}}Section Ⅰ English Chinese Translation{{/B}}(总题数：1，分数：60.00) 1.A few weeks back, I asked a 14-year-old friend how she was coping with school. Referring to stress, she heaved a big sigh and said: "Aiyah, anything bad that can happen has already happened." Her friends nearby then started pouring out their woes about which subjects they found hard, and so on. Pessimism again, in these all-too-familiar remarks about Singapore's education system, widely regarded as too results-oriented, and I wonder why I even bothered to ask. The school system of reaching for A's underlies the country's culture, which emphasizes the chase for economic excellence where wealth and status are must-haves. Such a culture is hard to change. So when I read of how the new Remaking Singapore Committee had set one of its goals as challenging the traditional roads to success, encouraging Singaporeans to realize alternative careers in the arts, sports, research or as entrepreneurs, I had my doubts about its success in this area, if not coupled with help from parents themselves. The new Remaking Singapore Committee is a brainchild of the Singaporean Prime Minister, formed to make Singaporeans look beyond the five C's: cash, condos, clubs, credit cards and cars, to help prepare the nation for the future. It is good that the government wants to do something about the country's preoccupation with material success. But it will be a losing battle if the family unit itself is not involved because I believe the committee's success is rooted in a revamp of an entire culture built from 37 years of independence. This makeover has to start with the most basic societal unit—the family. Parents should not drown their children in mantras of I-want-hundred-marks. Tuition lessons are not the be-all and end-all of life. And a score of 70 for a Chinese paper is definitely not the end of life. If ever I become a parent, I will bring my children camping. I will show them that cooking food in a mess tin over a campfire is fun. I will teach them that there is nothing dirty about lying on a sleeping bag over grass. In fact, it is educational because Orion is up there in the night sky with all the other bright stars whose shapes and patterns tell something more than a myth. For instance, they give directions to the lost traveler, I will say. And who knows, my child may become an astronomer years down the road. All because of the nights I spent with him watching the twinkles in the sky. That's my point. Parents should teach their children that there's more to life than studies. Better still if the nation's leaders echo that idea as well. This way, when their children aspire to be the next Joscelin Yeo, they won't feel like they are fighting a losing battle against a society that holds doctors and lawyers in awe. However, the culture that babysits economic excellence is deeply ingrained and so are the mindsets of many parents. But parents can take the cue from the new Remaking Singapore Committee and be aware of giving their children the right kind of education. It is now wait-and-see if, say, 10 years down the road, more would choose alternative careers. Hopefully, by then no one would think sportsmen or musicians as making too big a sacrifice in chasing their dreams. （分数：60.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：几个星期前，我问一个14岁的朋友她如何应对自己的学业。谈到压力，她深叹一口气说：“哎呀，这儿事要多糟，有多糟。” 随后，她周围的朋友便开始就他们认为那些难学的学科倾诉自己的苦恼。人们普遍认为，新加坡的教育制度过分注重成绩，而这些孩子耳熟能详的言晤再次表现了对新加坡教育制度的悲观情绪。我不知道自己为什么还要费心一问。追求功课得优的学校体制构成了新加坡文化的基础，这一文化重在追求经济上的杰出成就，而这一成就则体现在一定要获得财富和地位。这种文化是难以改变的。新成立的改造新加坡委员会已将其目标之一确定为向传统的成功之路发起挑战，鼓励新加坡人去从事其它职业，如艺术，体育、研究或成为企业家。当我获知此情时，我怀疑如果没有家长的配合，这方面的改造
翻译二级笔译实务模拟28 (总分：50.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Section Ⅰ English-Chinese Translation(总题数：0，分数：0.00) 二、Compulsory Translation(总题数：1，分数：30.00) 1.This week and next, governments, international agencies and nongovernmental organizations are gathering in Mexico City at the World Water Forum to discuss the legacy of global Mulhollandism in water—and to chart a new course. They could hardly have chosen a better location. Water is being pumped out of the aquifer on which Mexico City stands at twice the rate of replenishment. The result: the city is subsiding at the rate of about half a meter every decade. You can see the consequences in the cracked cathedrals, the tilting Palace of Arts and the broken water and sewerage pipes. Every region of the world has its own variant of the water crisis story. The mining of groundwaters for irrigation has lowered the water table in parts of India and Pakistan by 30 meters in the past three decades. As water goes down, the cost of pumping goes up, undermining the livelihoods of poor farmers. What is driving the global water crisis? Physical availability is part of the problem. Unlike oil or coal, water is an infinitely renewable resource, but it is available in a finite quantity. With water use increasing at twice the rate of population growth, the amount available per person is shrinking—especially in some of the poorest countries. Challenging as physical scarcity may be in some countries, the real problems in water go deeper. The 20th-century model for water management was based on a simple idea: that water is an infinitely available free resource to be exploited, dammed or diverted without reference to scarcity or sustainability. Across the world, water-based ecological systems—rivers, lakes and watersheds—have been taken beyond the frontiers of ecological sustainability by policy makers who have turned a blind eye to the consequences of over-exploitation. We need a new model of water management for the 21st century. What does that mean? For starters, we have to stop using water like there"s no tomorrow—and that means using it more efficiently at levels that do not destroy our environment. The buzz-phrase at the Mexico Water forum is "integrated water resource management." What it means is that governments need to manage the private demand of different users and manage this precious resource in the public interest. （分数：30.00） __________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：() 解析：本周，世界水论坛在墨西哥城开幕，论坛将一直持续到下周。来自政府、国际机构和非政府组织的代表们齐聚一堂，探讨全球用水遗留问题，共商未来用水大计。 会议选址墨西哥城再合适不过。墨西哥城地下蓄水层的开采速度是地下水补给速度的2倍，由此造成墨西哥城以10年50厘米的速度不断下沉，现在，这里的许多教堂出现裂隙，艺术宫日益倾斜，水管和排污管道开裂。 世界上每个地区都面临水危机，只不过表现形式不同而已。在过去30年间，印度和巴基斯坦的部分地区大肆开采地下水用于农业灌溉，致使水位下降了30米，开采成本随之升高，给当地贫苦农民的生计带来严重影响。 全球水危机的成因是什么?部分原因是实际可用水资源短缺。水不同于石油或煤炭，是一种无限可再生资源，但是可用水资源却十分有限。目前，用水增加速度是人口增速的2倍，人均可用水资源在不断减少，一些最不发达国家尤其如此。