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2018届高三英语二轮复习专题二语法基础第五讲冠词、代词练习

2018届高三英语二轮复习专题二语法基础第五讲冠词、代词练习
2018届高三英语二轮复习专题二语法基础第五讲冠词、代词练习

第五讲冠词、代词

冠词

冠词简约不简单,特指泛指需分辨

Ⅰ示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·浙江卷6月)For Pahlsson, its return was ____________ wonder.

a解析:此处泛指“一个奇迹”,应用不定冠词a。

2.(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottle-fed,____________ other is with mum—she never suspects.

the解析:one...the other...“一个……另一个……”,为固定用法。

3.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ____________ while, exercising, or doing something you enjoy.

a解析:for a while“一会儿”,为固定短语。

4.(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At the first, I thought I knew everything and could make decisions by myself.____________________

去掉the解析:at first“起初;一开始”,为固定短语。

Ⅱ通关点击 ____________________________________________________原则这样解读

(一)不定冠词

1.在发音以辅音音素开头的单词前用a,在发音以元音音素开头的单词前用an。

a university, a useful animal, a one-eyed dog, a European car, an hour, an honest boy, an X-ray, an ugly man, an honor等。

I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier.

作为一名超市收银员我每小时挣10美元。

2.不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前,泛指一个人或一个事物。

(2017·湖北重点中学联考)They found an apartment in America. They were there for only a month.

他们在美国找到一个公寓,在那里待了仅仅一个月。

3.表示泛指。说话人第一次提及某人或某物时通常用不定冠词。

At that time, I was working in a factory. The factory produces car parts.

那时,我在一家工厂工作。那家工厂生产各种汽车部件。

4.表示量指。不定冠词表示“一”这个数量,但数的概念没有one强烈。

As the old saying goes, “Rome was not built in a day.”

常言道,冰冻三尺,非一日之寒。

5.“a(n)+序数词”表示“又一,再一”;“a most+形容词”表示“非常,很”。

He missed the gold in the high jump, but will get a second chance in the long jump.

他在跳高比赛中没有赢得金牌,但是,在跳远比赛中他还有一次(获得金牌的)机会。

He put forward a most useful suggestion at the meeting.

在会议上他提出一个非常实用的建议。

6.在抽象名词success, failure, surprise, pleasure, beauty, wonder, comfort, danger, shock 等前表示“一个……的人或一件……的事”。

The operation is a success and the patient is now out of danger.

手术很成功,病人目前脱离了危险。

7.不定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。如:

all of a sudden 突然

in a hurry 匆忙地

as a rule 通常

be on a visit 参观;拜访

as a matter of fact 事实上

as a result 因此

have a gift for 在某方面有天赋

have/catch a cold 感冒

make a living 谋生

have/take a rest 休息

in a way 从某种意义上说

gi ve sb. a lift 让某人搭便车

(二)定冠词的6种基本用法

1.特指某人或某事。

The village where I was born has grown into a town.

我出生的那个小村庄已经发展成了一个小镇。

2.用于序数词和形容词/副词最高级以及形容词only,very,same等之前。

As is known to all, the People’s Republic of China is the biggest developing country in the world.

众所周知,中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。

3.某些形容词、分词前表示一类人或用在姓氏复数前表示一家人,要想到用定冠词。

As far as I know, the Greens are going to move to Beijing.

据我所知,格林一家要搬到北京去。

4.在世界上独一无二的事物,西洋乐器以及发明物的名词前要想到用定冠词。

The little girl likes to play the violin and often plays it after school.

这个小女孩喜欢拉小提琴,经常放学后演奏。

5.用于the more...the more...(越……越……)结构中。

The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.

你越小心,就会越少犯错误。

6.定冠词用于固定短语中

at the moment 此刻;目前

at the same time 同时

on the contrary 相反

in the end 最后,最终

on the whole 总的来说

to tell the truth 说实话

in the distance 在远处

on the other hand 另一方面

make the most of 充分利用

by the way 顺便说一下

go to the cinema/theater 去看电影/戏剧

in the middle of 在……中间

(三)零冠词的3种基本用法

1.在不可数名词或可数名词复数前表示泛指不用冠词。

Keeping a diary is a good habit, by which you’ll make great progress.

记日记是一个可以让你取得进步的好习惯。

2.用于与by连用的表示交通工具、通讯工具的名词前。

Are you going there by plane or by ship?

你是乘飞机还是乘船去那里?

3.用于系动词turn后的单数名词作表语时。

After years of hard work, Tom turned engineer while Mary good manager.

多年的努力之后,汤姆成了工程师而玛丽成了一名优秀的经理。

代词

代词指代要想全,理清用法是关键

Ⅰ示之以范 ____________________________________________________原则这样运用1.(2017·浙江卷6月)“She thought I had hurt ____________(I),”says Pahlsson.

myself解析:根据句意可知,此处表示“她以为我伤到我自己了”,应用I的反身代词,故填

myself。

2.(2016·浙江卷)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from ____________in the UK.

that解析:这里指代前面的不可数名词education system,为避免重复,所以用that。3.(2017·陕西检测一)All of us have read thrilling stories.In many of ____________(they) the hero had only a limited and specified time to live.

them解析:考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语,故用宾格代词them作介词of的宾语。

4.(2017·新疆第二次检测)Nowadays reference books have become a problem of great concern for ____________ the teachers and the students.

both解析:考查固定搭配。固定搭配both...and...意为“两者都”,符合语境,故用both。5.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school.____________________

all→both或去掉all解析:主语只有两个人,应用both作同位语或删掉all。all指三者或三者以上。

6.(2016·全国卷Ⅱ)It does not cost many, yet we can still learn a lot.____________________ many→mu ch解析:此处应用代词much指代much money,作动词cost的宾语;many通常指代可数名词复数。

Ⅱ通关点击 _______________________________________________________原则这样解读

1.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词

u

2

(1)反身代词是由第一、二人称的形容词性物主代词或第三人称的人称代词宾格加词缀-self或-selves构成。

(2)反身代词在句中作宾语、表语或同位语。

You should learn to be kind to yourself.

你要学会善待自己。

(3)反身代词的习惯用法

adapt oneself to 适应dress oneself自己穿衣

occupy oneself with忙于devote oneself to 致力于

enjoy oneself 玩得开心express oneself表达自己

help oneself随便吃by oneself单独地

3.指示代词this,that,these,those的用法

What I want to say is this:

我想说的是:你应该抓住每一分钟来完成你的工作。

4.不定代词

(1)the other指两者中的另一个,表示特指。

There are two pens here. One is his, and the other is Tom’s.

这儿有两支钢笔,一支是他的,另一支是汤姆的。

(2)other作前置定语,修饰可数名词复数,不可单独使用,表示泛指,意为“另外的,其他的”。We study English, maths, Chinese and other subjects.

我们学习英语、数学、语文以及别的学科。

(3)others泛指“其他人”或“其他物”,常用结构:some...others...;而the others表示特定范围中的“另外的全部”。

Some like staying at home at the weekend; others like going to the cinema.

一些人喜欢周末待在家里,另一些人喜欢去看电影。

(4)another泛指同类的人或物,指三者或三者以上的另一个,可单独使用或在其后加可数名词单数。

I don’t like this book. Please give me another one.

我不喜欢这本书,请再给我一本。

5.不定代词both,all,either,any,neither,none

中考英语代词专题训练答案

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高考英语语法填空--1冠词

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高考英语语法专题复习--代词

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中考专项训练代词专题(含答案)

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