100个同义词替换精髓词汇
1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)
3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)
4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)
5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)
6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)
7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)
8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)
9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)
10.top=peak, summit
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)
12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)
13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)
14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation
15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish
16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes
people feel ashamed or stupid)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)
18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental
19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)
20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel
21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it
really is)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)
23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her
24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,
25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)
26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly
27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)
28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)
29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)
30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)
31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)
32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)
33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)
34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently
35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!
36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)
39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)
40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed)
41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)
42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)#
43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)!
44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)
45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive
46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)
47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)
48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)
49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)
50.hot=boiling(very hot)
51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)
52.nowadays=currently
53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;
54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)
55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)( h
56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)
57.obvious=apparent, manifest
58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)
60.quite=fairly
61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)
62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)
63.appear=emerge(come into existence)
64.whole=entire(the whole of something)8
65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)!
66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)
67.difficult=formidable
68.change=convert(change into another form)
69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)
70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)
71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)
72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or
his/her opinion is different from most people)
73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,e= utilize (the same as use)
75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)
76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)
77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)
78.scholarship=fellowship
79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)
80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)
81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)#
82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can
attract you a great deal)
83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)
84.disorder=disarray, chaos
85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)
86.rapid=meteoric(ATTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)
87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)
88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)
89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)/
90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)
91.unbelievable=inconceivable(ifyou deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen ^
92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)
93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)
94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)
95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)
96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)/
97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)
98.so=consequently, accordingly
99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happen often
100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)
同义词替换 Difficult=challenging=complex=complicated=tough Important=necessary=essential=fundamental=vital=indispensable Interesting=fascinating=captivating Useful=practical=handy=convenient Boring=dull=monotonous=tiresome Good for your health/future/studies=beneficial=positive Nice=pleasant=enjoyable Popular=common=widespread=well-accepted Fashionable=trendy=cool=stylish=in Amazing=stunning=splendid=spectacular Happy=pleased=satisfied=glad=delighted=ecstatic Exciting=thrilling=awesome Fun=entertaining=relaxing=enjoyable=pleasant To relax=to take it easy=to unwind=to chill To represent=to symbolize=to stand for=to reflect To think=to believe=to assume=to guess=to reckon A place=an area=a region=a spot=a location=a site
近义词和反义词练习题 一、写出意思相近的词语 推却—( ) 迁移—( ) 阻击—( ) 观赏—( ) 支援—( ) 惭愧—( ) 舒服—( ) 精美—( ) 粗野—( ) 晃动—( ) 惦念—( ) 驱赶—( ) 爱惜—( ) 靠近—( ) 闪耀—( ) 推却—( ) 迁移—( ) 阻击—( ) 观赏—( ) 支援—( ) 惭愧—( ) 舒服—( ) 精美—( ) 粗野—( ) 晃动—( ) 惦念—( ) 驱赶—( ) 爱惜—( ) 靠近—( ) 闪耀—( ) 关怀—( ) 潜伏—( ) 胆小—( ) 滋味—( ) 能耐—( ) 推辞—( ) 抵御—( ) 商议—( ) 抱怨—( ) 照顾—( ) 厌倦—( ) 偶尔—( ) 内疚—( ) 二、选词填空 惊恐惊奇惊讶惊异 （1）管家看了扬科一眼，这个瘦小的孩子睁大了（）的眼睛。 （2）那时我有点（）了，为什么伯父得到这么多人的爱戴？ （3）同学们一个个睁着（）的眼睛，看着魔术师的表演。 严密严格严肃 （1）父亲是个很（）的人，从来不苟言笑。
（2）从老首长到普通钻工，从玉门的师傅到大庆的老乡，凡是（）要求过他，启发教育过他的人，他都记着，怀念着。 （3）敌人的几十挺机枪射出无数火舌，交织成（）的火网，阻挡着战士们前进。 激烈猛烈热烈强烈 （1）战士们窜过熊熊大火，冲进城去，和城里的敌人展开（）的搏斗。 （2）突然，飞机遇到了一股（）的寒流，机翼和螺旋桨上都结了冰，越结越厚。（3）拔河比赛到了关键时刻，我的心在（）地跳动着，真想冲上去帮我们班拉一把。（4）风（）地刮着，白杨树发出哗哗的响声。 繁茂繁荣繁华 （1）我喜欢这绚丽的秋色，因为它表示着成熟和（）。 （2）这儿原来是荒滩，现在成了（）的商业区。 （3）现在正是枝叶（）的季节。这棵榕树好像在把它的全部生命力展示给我们看。 偶然居然果然 （1）报上介绍一位90多岁的老太太（）长出了一颗新的牙齿。 （2）王戎说，这李子一定是苦的，小伙伴们一尝（）是苦的。 （3）一个（）的机会，使我俩成了好朋友。 宽阔、辽阔、宽广、宽敞 （1）我们学校建了10间教室，每间教室都很（）明亮。
古漢語通論（三） 單音詞，複音詞，同義詞 我們研究古代漢語的時候，需要了解單音詞和複音詞的關係，複音詞和同義詞的關係，因為這有助於我們更徹底地了解古代漢語。 我們隨便把一篇古文翻譯成為現代漢語，就會發現譯文比原文長了許多。這主要是因為古代漢語的詞彙以單音詞為主，而現代漢語的詞彙以複音詞（主要是雙音詞）為主。例如“蹇叔之子與師”（《左傳》僖公三十二年）這一個句子中，“子”字在現代一般總說成“兒子”，“與師”更非譯成兩個複音詞“參加軍隊”不可。 古代單音詞和現代複音詞的對比，主要有三種情況：第一種情況是換了完全不同的詞，例如“與”變成“參加”，“師”變成“軍隊”；第二種情況是加上詞尾詞頭，如“虎”變成“老虎”，“杯”變成“杯子”，“石”變成“石頭”；第三種情況是利用兩個同義詞作為詞素，構成一個複音詞，例如“兒”和“子”是同義詞，合起來成為複音詞“兒子”。 最值得注意的是第三種情況。有許多古代的單音詞，作為詞來看，可以認為已經死去了；但是作為詞素來看，它們還留存在現代漢語裏。舉例來說，古代漢語有單音詞“慮”字。《論語·衛靈公》：“人無遠慮，必有近憂”；《詩經·小雅·無雨》：“弗慮弗圖”。但是，在現代漢語裏，“慮”字只作為詞素留存在“顧慮”、“考慮”等雙音詞裏，或者只出現在“深謀遠慮”，“深思熟慮”等成語裏，而不能作為單詞自由運用了。 漢語大部分的雙音詞都是經過同義詞臨時組合的階段的。這就是說，在最初的時候，只是兩個同義詞的並列，還沒有凝結成為一個整體，一個單詞。這可以從兩方面證明：第一，最初某些同義詞的組合沒有固定的形式，幾個同義詞可以自由組合，甚至可以顛倒。例如“險”“阻”“隘”（注：“隘”單用時，是狹的意思，同“險”“阻”的區别較大。）是同義詞，在上古常常單用，又可以互相組合。《左傳》僖公二十二年，既有“隘而不列”，“阻而鼓之”，又有“不以阻隘也”，“阻隘可也”。後兩句“阻”和“隘”雖然連在一起，但顯然還是兩個詞。在《史記·孫子吳起列傳》中有：“馬陵道陝（狹），而旁多阻隘”，“阻”和“隘”組合得緊一些。又《史記·淮陰侯列傳》：“恐吾至阻險而還”，是“阻”和“險”相結合。同時我們還可以看到，《左傳》成公十三年有“險阻”（逾越險阻），《離騷》中有“險隘”（路幽昧以險隘）。這說明三個同義詞組合時，各自的獨立性還很強，沒有組成新的單一的詞，還是自由組合的情況。第二，古人對於這一類同義詞，常常加以區别。例如“婚姻”很早就
英语常用同义词近义词、短语辨析 1.idea, concept, conception, thought, notion, impression 这些名词均有“思想、观点、观念”之意。 idea: 最普通常用词，几乎适用于任何方面的思维活动。 concept: 指从众多实例中通过概括、归纳而形成的对事物本质、全貌及其内部联系 的概念或看法。如：A small baby has no concept of right and wrong.婴儿没有是非概念. It was Aristotle who proved the world is round. Plato popularized the concept.亚里士多德证明了地球是圆的，柏拉图普及了这一概念。 conception: （概念、观念、思想）通常指个人或一些人所持有的具体概念或念头，也可指概念的形成过程，含一定的想象和感情色彩意味。如：He’s got a really strange conception of friendship. 他对友谊有一种非常独特的见解。 ancient Greek thought古希腊思想； lost/deep in thought陷入思索中/在沉思中，如：Derek was staring out of the window, lost in thought. Derek凝视着窗外，陷入了沉思。 thought: 指以推理、思考等智力活动为基础的心理思维活动及其结果。如：Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, “三个代表”之英文表达法——摘自CNN 'THE THREE REPRESENTS' Theory first raised by President Jiang Zemin in early 2000. Communist party must: 1 - Represent most advanced productive forces, including private business. 代表中国先进社会生产力的发展要求 2 - Represent the most advanced culture. 代表中国先进文化的前进方向 3 - Represent fundamental interests of the broad masses (i.e. not merely a "revolutionary party" but one that stands for all Chinese.) 代表中国最广大人民的根本利益 notion: 尤指错误或模糊的概念、想法；无可靠的基础，未经深思熟虑的观点。 misguided notions of male superiority男尊女卑的错误观点，突然的念头，奇想notion to do sth At midnight she had a sudden to go to the beach.半夜里她突发奇想要去海滩。 impression: 指外部刺激在思想中所产生的印象。尤指（对人、事的）印象；感想，常接of, 如：What’s your impression of Frank as a boss? 你对身为老板的Frank印象如何？
常见同义词替换 A A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth得到、获得 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而 Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐
1.abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。 2. be absent from…. 缺席，不在 3. absence of mind(=being absent-minded) 心不在焉 4. absorb(=take up the attention of)吸引…的注意力(被动语态)be absorbed in 全神贯注于… 近义：be engrossed ; be lost in ; be rapt in ;be concentrated on ; be focused on ; be centered on 5. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于,富有 6. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近,进入,了解 7. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地,意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地, 8. of one’s own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地 9. in accord with 与…一致. out of one’s accord with 同….不一致 10. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地 11. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照,根据 12. on one’s own account 1) 为了某人的缘故, 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at one’s own risk) 自行负责 3) (=by oneself)依靠自己 on account 赊账; on account of 因为; on no account不论什么原因也不;of …account 有…..重要性. 13. take…into account(=consider)把...考虑进去 14. give sb. an account of 说明, 解释 (理由) 15. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释, 说明. 16. on account of (=because of) 由于,因为. 17. on no account(=in no case, for no reason)绝不要,无论如何不要(放句首时句子要倒装) 18. accuse…of…(=charge…with; blame sb. for sth. ; blame sth. on sb. ; complain about) 指控,控告 19. be accustomed to (=be in the habit of, be used to)习惯于. 20. be acquainted with(=to have knowledge of) 了解; (=to have met socially ) 熟悉 21. act on 奉行,按照…行动; act as 扮演; act for 代理 22. adapt oneself to(=adjust oneself to) 使自己适应于 23. adapt…(for) (=make sth. Suitable for a new need) 改编, 改写(以适应新的需要) 24. in addition (=besides) 此外, 又, 加之 25. in addition to(=as well as, besides, other than)除…外 26. adhere to (=abide by, conform to, comply with, cling to, insist on, pe rsist in, observe, opinion, belief ) 粘附; 坚持, 遵循 27. adjacent(=next to, close to) 毗邻的, 临近的 28. adjust..(to) (=change slightly)调节; 适应; 29. admit of (=be capable of, leave room for) …的可能，留有…的余地. 30. in advance (before in time) 预告, 事先. 31. to advantage 有利的,使优点更加突出地. 32. have an advantage over 胜过. have the advantage of 由于…处于有利条件 have the advantage of sb.知道某人所不知道的事 33. take advantage of (=make the best of, utilize, make use of, profit from, harness)利用. 34. agree with 赞同(某人意见) agree to 同意 35. in agreement (with) 同意, 一致 36. ahead of 在…之前, 超过…;……………. ahead of time 提前. 37. in the air 1)不肯定, 不具体. 2)在谣传中. 38. above all (=especially, most important of all) 尤其是, 最重要的. 39. in all (=counting everyone or everything, altogether) 总共, 总计 40. after all 毕竟,到底; (not) at all 一点也不; all at once(=suddenly)突然; once and for all 只此一次; above all 最重要的; first of all 首先; all in all 大体上说; be all in 累极了; all but 几乎. 41. allow for (=take into consideration, take into account) 考虑到, 估计到 . 42. amount to (=to be equal to) 总计, 等于. 43. answer for (undertake responsibility for, be liable for, take charge for) 对…负责. 44. answer to (=conform to) 适合,符合. 45. be anxious about 为…焦急不安; 或anxious for 46. apologize to sb. for sth. 为…向…道歉 47. appeal to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人呼吁. appeal to sb. 对某人有吸引力 48. apply to sb. for sth. 为…向…申请 ; apply for申请; apply to 适用. 49. apply to 与…有关;适用 50. approve of (=consent to, be in favor of, favor, agree to, consider good, right) 赞成, approve vt. 批准 51. arise from(=be caused by) 由…引起.
小学语文近义词、反义词汇总 近义词 来回-往返立刻-马上赶快-赶紧突然-忽然寒冷-严寒坚决-果断恐惊-恐惧暗香-幽香荒芜-荒凉得意-自得听见-闻声农夫-农民慈祥-慈爱飞翔-翱翔详细-具体每天-天天赛过-胜过好像-似乎闻名-著名满意-满足新居-新房捕获-捕捉海疆-海域天涯-天边结实-坚固遇到-碰到轻巧-轻便整齐-整洁证明-证实评比-评选注意-注重供应-供给辛苦-辛劳认识-熟悉预报-预告舒畅-愉快立刻-连忙突然-忽然四周-四面精彩-出色笨重-粗笨直立-竖立听从-服从绝技-特技附近-四周惊叹-赞叹柔美-优美洒脱-潇洒疾驰-奔驰奇丽-秀丽淘气-调皮震惊-震动预测-猜测特殊-特别小扣-轻敲相宜-适宜毕竟-究竟陶醉-沉醉苏醒-清醒惊疑-惊奇审视-审阅愣住-停住眺望-远望防备-防御抵挡-抵抗挖苦-讥讽疑惑-迷惑夸耀-炫耀轻蔑-轻视强盛-强大侮辱-欺辱严肃-严厉清澈-清亮打扰-打搅形状-外形悄悄-静静
温与-温顺暴躁-急躁灌溉-浇灌淹没-沉没冲毁-冲垮灾害-灾难胜负-胜败气愤-生气告别-离别如果-假如准备-预备耀眼-刺眼光芒-光线美丽-漂亮洁白-雪白惊奇-惊异中央-中心宽阔-宽广矗立-耸立优美-美丽新颖-新奇庄严-庄重挣脱-摆脱常常-经常敏捷-灵敏摇晃-摇摆立刻-立即抵抗-反抗舒服-舒适笑容-笑脸茂盛-繁茂长处-优点诚实-老实注意-留意高兴-兴奋打碎-打坏用心-专心著名-有名准确-正确训练-练习容易-轻易糟蹋-糟践奇怪-稀奇掌握-把握犹如-如同徐徐-渐渐凝视-注视环游-周游模仿-模拟吓唬-恐吓疲倦-倦怠惬意-舒服兴趣-爱好痛快-愉快继承-继续赏给-赐给挚友-好友感触-感慨寻常-平常信俸-信仰宣布-公布相称-相当违背-违反惊讶-惊奇赠送-赠予充满-布满特殊-非凡海内-国内恬静-舒适寄居-借居恐惧-恐怕轻微-稍微仍旧-仍然清晰-清楚哀求-请求贵重-珍贵挺秀-挺拔抚摸-抚摩特别-特殊依赖-依靠纯熟-熟练幽静-清幽陌生-生疏安顿-安置
表示“需要”（v）的单词：need, require, involve ,entail 表示“意味着”的单词：mean, involve, entail 表示“宿舍”的单词：dormitory, quarters, lodgings 表示“住宿”的单词：accommodations, (a)lodging 表示“欺骗”（v）的单词：cheat, deceive, trick, fool 表示“渴望”(v)的单词和词组：desire, yearn for/after, long for, thirst for，aspire to do sth, look forward to doing sth, keen on/about doing sth, keen to do sth, keen that, have an urge to do sth（具有做某事的强烈欲望，非常想做某事，形容极度渴望）表示“同情”(v)的词组：sympathize with, yearn for, feel sympathy for 表示“重要的”的单词：important, crucial, vital, essential, integral, indispensable, significant 表示“参加，从事”的词组：take part in, join(in),participate in, involve sb in （主动, 其被动形式为sb be involved in）, sb be engaged in=sb be employed in 表示“能力”的单词： ability和 capability（主要用于人）talent（只用于人）, competence, capacity(可用于人或物), faculty 表示“想象”（v）的单词和词组：imagine, fancy, fantasy，envisage(英)=envision(美) conceive of 表示“包含（v）”的单词和词组：include, involve, comprehend, inclusive of, embrace, embody, comprise, contain（实际包含的量）,encompass 表示“能容纳”的词组：can hold/accommodate 表示“表现，体现”(v)的单词：render, reflect, display, indicate, manifest, embody 表示“导致，引起(v)”的单词和词组：render, entail, lead to, result in, bring about, cause, trigger=prompt(诱发)，pose(本义为造成问题或危机) 表示“强大的，强有力的”的单词和词组：powerful, mighty, potent, strong 表示“（感觉等）敏锐的，灵敏的”的单词：keen, acute（首选这两个词）perceptive 表示“提供”的单词和词组：provide/supply sb with sth=provide/supply sth for sb=render/offer sb sth, contribute sth to sth 表示“忙于……,埋头于……”的单词和词组:be buried in, be employed in, be engaged in, sb be immersed in=immerse oneself in 表示“致力于”的词组：devote oneself to =dedicate oneself to, sb be devoted to=sb be dedicated to 表示“表现，体现”(v)的单词：render, reflect, manifest, characterize 表示“显示，表明”(v)的单词：show, suggest, indicate, reflect, reveal,（首选这三个词）emerge 表示“证明”(v)的单词：validate, demonstrate, verify, confirm，prove 表示“证实(v)”的单词：affirm,confirm, prove 表示“说明，阐释(v)”的单词：explain, illustrate, elaborate 表示“持续不断的”的单词：continual,continuous, incessant 表示“（计划，规定等）被实施，生效”的词组有come into effect/force, be implemented, be put into effect/execution, be carried into execution=be put in/into execution 表示“意识到+从句”的词组：know+that从句 realize+that从句 be/become aware of the fact+ that从句 be conscious+that 从句 表示“阻止，阻碍”(v)的单词或词组：prevent/inhibit/hinder sb from doing sth, impede sb to do sth, hamper sb in doing sth
第一讲 引发激烈讨论，热门话题，激烈争论，广泛关注 heated, hot, long-running, controversial, hotly-debated a matter of (global )concern, (burning, pressing, thorny)issue, controversy, subject, focus, topic. be put on the agenda trigger, spark, arouse intense, fierce, contentious/ debate, discussion, argument arouse people’s wide concern/ / wide public concern/curiosity/attention, make people worried become public focus/ the focus of the society more and more people---an increasing number of people more and more useful---increasingly useful 人---事物 More and more people waste ---The growing rate of waste have people calling it an epidemic a lot of ---a considerable number of/ massive/ different people have different ideas towards it----people’s ideas towards it differ from one to another. ., views on this issue vary greatly. try to—attempt to, intend to think – argue, claim , deem , insist if – provided that, assuming that, supposing that 一写作常用关键词句： 1．认为，断言：think, believe, argue, hold, contend, state, claim, suppose, advocate, assume, point out, point to, allege, assert personally, as for me, as far as I am concerned, for my part 2．许多：a large number of, a large amount of, a considerable number of, a host of, dozens of, scores of, the bulk of, a majority of 大部分的，a minority of小部分的 3．如今、目前：in contemporary society, nowadays, at present, recently, currently, in recent decades 4．越来越：increasing, growing 5．重要，必要，肯定主导，关键，根本, 意义重大：important, necessary, essential, vital, crucial, influential, overwhelming, primary, overriding, principal，fundamental, elementary, cardinal, significant, indispensable, dominant, key, leading, prominent, decisive, major, gist, crux关键，症结所在 6．关注、重视、强调、优先考虑、把…放首要位置：highlight, pay attention to, attract…, raise…concern, arouse… concern, call for…concern, attach importance to, give p riority to, lay emphasis/stress on
Part1 A A range of=an array of= a list of= a collection of=a series of= a set of一系列Accelerate=speed up加速 Accomplishment=achievement 成就，完成 Accomplish=achieve （V）完成，达成，成就 Attend=participate in 参加 Achieve=obtain=gain=access to sth 得到、获得 Aim.n=objective=goal 目的 Aim at=focus on=concentrate on=emphasize on 集中、强调 Attempt to do=try to do=intend to do尝试作，想要作 Approximately=roughly=about=some=around 大约 As a result=consequently=as a consequence=hence因此、从而Associate with=connect with=link with=relate to=involve in与……相关联Attach to=connect to=link to与……相连接、附着在……上 At will=at random＝by chance=by accident=accidentally随意地 B Be similar to=closely resembled =have something in common 相似 Be used to=be devoted to专门用于 Be equivalent to=be equal to 等同于 Be taken aback=be surprised 吃惊 C Calculate=measure 衡量 Catch up with=keep pace with跟上步伐 Chief=major=dominant=principle主要的 Chronic=long term 慢性病的 Concern n. =focus关心的问题 Concept =conception=notion=idea=understanding概念、理解 Confront=encounter=in the face of面临 Consist of=comprise由什么组成 Contribute to=result in=lead to=link to=responsible for导致 Cooperate with=work with 与……协作 Convert to=turn into 转为、转变为 D Distract from= can not concentrate 使精力分散 Diminish=decrease=shrink 减少 Distinct=distinguish=different=unique不同的 Distinct variety of =different kind of=separate kind of不同的 Due to=because of由于 Drawback=defect=ill缺点 E Endanger=threaten 威胁
单音词、复音词和同义词 【教学大纲】古代汉语是以单音词为主，现代汉语是以双音词为主，故不可将古代汉语中的单音词误认为双音词中的一个词素。复音词中要注意偏义复词和单纯联绵词。要注意辨析古汉语中的同义词，可以从含义差别、使用范围、使用条件等方面辨析。要求学生掌握古代汉语单音词、复音词、同义词的特点，以提高阅读古文的水平。 一、字和词的区别。 用现代语言学的观点来看，字是书写符号，是组成词的要素，而 词则是最小的能够独立活动的有意义成分，两者之间不能划等号。 在古汉语中，有些字的本身就是词，如“上” “天”“香”“祸” “山”“牛”“热”“乐”等，因为它们都具有作为一个词的条件：是 最小的成分，都有意义，都能独立活动。有些字本身不能成为词，必须与别的字结合在一起才能构成词，如“葡萄” “苜蓿”“蟋蟀”等连 绵词。有些字在有的情况下是词，有的情况下仅仅是字，如“犹”和“豫”都是词。“犹”有“像 , 一样”的意思，“豫”有事先的意思，它们都能够独立运用，具备词的条件，但在“犹豫”一词里，它们各自不能独立活动，不表示任何意义，仅仅起记录音节的作用。 二、单音词概说 （一）概念
由一个音节构成的词称为单音词，一般是用一个字记录，如“学”“而”“时”“习”等。 （二）古代汉语词汇中，单音词占着绝对的优势 1.古代汉语的词汇以单音词为主，而现代汉语的词汇以复音词为 主。 例一： 韩厥梦子与谓己曰：“旦辟左右。”故中御而从齐侯。邴夏曰：“射其御者，君子也。”公曰：“谓之君子而射之，非礼也。”射其左，越于车下；射其右，毙于车中。綦毋张丧车，从韩厥曰：“请寓乘。”从左右，皆肘之，使立于后。韩厥俛定其右。 《齐晋鞌 之战》（教材 32 页） 这段文字共计83 个字， 73 个词，其中单音词64 个，复音词 9个，分别是韩厥 3 次、子与 1 次、齐侯 1 次、邴夏 1 次、綦毋张 1 次、 君子 2 次，复音词占 88%。 例二： 秦国轻而无礼必败。 这句话译为现代汉语为“秦国军队轻浮而且没有礼节必定失败” ，字数增加 1 倍。 从以上两例可以看出，古代汉语的词汇以单音词为主，而现代汉 语的词汇以复音词为主。 2.古汉语词汇中单音词占绝对的优势，并不是偶然的，而是有着深刻
小学语文三年级下册近义词和反义词 第一课 近义词：聚拢—聚集生机—生气俊俏—俏丽鲜艳—艳丽增添—增加偶尔—有时偶尔—偶然仿佛—好像光彩夺目—五彩缤纷 反义词：聚拢—分散活泼—呆板俊俏—丑陋乌黑—雪白轻快—沉重 第二课 近义词：丝绦—丝带细叶—绿叶 反义词：垂下—升起酷暑—严寒狭窄—广阔出—入高—低 第三课 近义词：清香—芳香破裂—裂开仿佛—好像赶紧—赶快 姿势—姿态 反义词：展开—合拢破裂—弥合挨挨挤挤—稀稀拉拉 第四课 近义词：缘故—原因绽开—开放喜欢—喜爱交错—交叉 干涸—干枯尽头—终点朴素—朴实 反义词：晶亮—灰暗整齐—杂乱弯曲—笔直干涸—湿润 喜欢—讨厌有趣—乏味朴素—华丽绽开—合拢消失—出现升起—降落
近义词：鲜艳—艳丽注视—凝视逃脱—逃离荡漾—飘荡等待—等候呼吁—号召立即—立刻锐利—锋利饲养—喂养灵活—敏捷 反义词：希望—失望机灵—呆板陡峭—平坦锐利—迟钝摇晃—平稳 第六课 近义词：特殊—特别疲劳—疲惫濒临—面临舒适—舒服 立即—立刻 反义词：坚硬—柔软覆盖—裸露特殊—普通舒适—难受 麻烦—方便 第七课 近义词：锐利—锋利清澈—明净裸露—暴露所有—全部 各式各样—各种各样应有尽有—一应俱全 反义词：锋利—迟钝傍晚—早晨缩小—扩大清澈—浑浊消失—出现一无所有—应有尽有 第八课 近义词：突然—忽然挺立—直立粗壮—粗大结实—牢固宽阔—宽敞打算—计划延伸—延长宽阔—开阔赞叹—赞扬高尚—崇高不约而同—异口同声 反义词：结实—虚弱宽阔—狭窄平坦—坎坷沉重—轻快 笔直—弯曲
近义词：担心—放心接受—拒绝劝说—劝告街坊—邻居 赶快—赶紧南辕北辙—背道而驰 反义词：赶快—不急接受—拒绝亡羊补牢—执迷不悟 第十课 近义词：悲惨—凄惨本事—本领孤单—孤独害怕—恐惧有名—著名使劲—用力吃惊—惊讶 反义词：仔细—马虎悲惨—幸福愈合—裂开害怕—无谓 第十一课 近义词：相似—相像教诲—教导叮嘱—叮咛审视—端详 严肃—严厉准确—正确平时—平常准确—精准和颜悦色—态度温和 反义词：熟悉—陌生认认真真—马马虎虎和颜悦色—疾言厉色 第十二课 近义词：果然—果真满意—满足称赞—赞扬恍然大悟—茅塞顿开 反义词：称赞—指责满意—失望密密麻麻—稀稀落落恍然大悟—执迷不悟若隐若现—一清二楚 第十三课 近义词：排除—排解忧伤—悲伤欺骗—哄骗假若—假如 安慰—劝慰
初中英语常用同义词辨析(89) sleep, doze, nap, slumber 这些动词均含“睡”之意。 sleep : 普通用词，指一般的睡眠。可用作引申指长眠或静止不动。 doze : 多用于口语中，指轻微的小睡或处于半睡状态。 nap : 指白天的小睡。 slumber : 多指人安详地或长时间地睡。 sleepy, asleep 这两个形容词均含有“欲睡的”之意。 sleepy : 最常用词，指人昏昏欲睡，或沉睡时的寂静状态。 asleep : 作表语，多用于非正式的英语里，指处于睡着的状态，侧重动作的结果。 slip, glide, slide, skid 这些动词均可表示“滑动”之意。 slip : 指不自觉地、偶然地滑动。 glide : 指自由、顺畅地流动，也指不费力、无声响地滑动。 slide : 通常多指与光滑表面保持接触并且迅速地连续滑动。 skid : 着重指不自主地或失去控制地滑动，特指车轮在结冰或潮湿路面上的滑动，常暗含有危险存在的意味。 socks, stocking 这两个名词均表示“袜”之意。 socks : 指长不到膝的短统袜子。 stocking : 指长到膝或过膝的长袜，常用复数形式。 solve, resolve 这两个动词均含“解决”之意。 solve : 普通用词，含义广，指为有一定难度的问题找到满意的解法或答复。 resolve : 主要指对问题或情况进行细微的分析或思索，以得出结论或解决途径。 soul, ghost, spirit 这些名词均含“灵魂，心灵”之意。 soul : 指超越身体之外，永远存在的无形的东西，即所谓灵魂，亦可作人解。 ghost : 普通用词，主要指死者的灵魂。 spirit : 当指与body相对而言的所谓灵魂时，可与soul互换使用，但强调人的精神素质，也指神仙、精灵等。 space, universe, cosmos 这些名词均含“宇宙，太空”之意。 space : 指大气层或太阳系之外的极高的天空，即太空之意。 universe : 指包括地球及其他天体的广大空间。 cosmos : 源于希腊语，指和谐的有秩序的宇宙，与chaos(天地开辟前的浑沌状态)相
100个同义词替换精髓词汇 1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important) https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere) 3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants) 4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly) 5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.) 6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent) 7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL) 8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail) 9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people) 10.top=peak, summit https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,petitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics) 12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable) 13.opinon=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way) 14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation 15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish 16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid) https://www.doczj.com/doc/3f2154654.html,plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way) 18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental