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中考历史试卷分类汇编 七下 第4课 科举制度的创立 新人教版

中考历史试卷分类汇编 七下 第4课 科举制度的创立 新人教版
中考历史试卷分类汇编 七下 第4课 科举制度的创立 新人教版

第4课科举制的创立

【内容标准】

(1)了解隋唐科举制度的主要内容。

【内容标准】

(2)了解科举取士制度的创建,知道隋朝灭亡的原因。

一、选择题

1.(2015·江苏泰州·31)右为《雁塔题名》拓片图(部分),雁塔题名是科考及第后新科进士的最高荣耀。下列关于科举制的表述正确的是()

①创立并完善于隋唐时期②用分科考试的办法选拔官吏③为读书人创造了绝对公平的竞争机会④扩大了中央政权的社会基础

A.①②③ B.②③④

C.①②④ D.①②③④

【答案】C

2.(2015·江苏徐州·15)有学者认为“在唐朝虽然每年平均只有二三十人通过考试,但……这一制度为天资聪颖却非士族豪门出身的人提供了机会”材料所说的制度是()

A.世袭制B.郡县制

C.九品中正制D.科举制

【答案】D

3.(2015·山东菏泽·4)《全球通史》中写道:“这一制度,中国推行了近两千年之久;他们通过考试,品评人才的优劣,为政府机构配备文官。”“这一制度”是指()A.监察制度B.三省六部制

C.行省制度 D.科举制

【答案】D

4.(2015·广东佛山·3)有学者评论说:“如果从中外文化对比的角度看,古代中国的政治文化,和同时代任何国家相比,都更具有平民性……”此观点评价下列哪个朝代的“政治文化”最恰当()

A.秦朝 B.西汉

C.东汉 D.唐朝

【答案】D

5.(2015·贵州黔西南·5)科举制度的起止朝代是()

①隋朝②唐朝③明朝④清朝

A.①③ B.①④

C.②③ D.②④

【答案】B

6.(2015·黑龙江龙东·3)近年来穿越剧受到青少年的青睐。穿越时空,回到隋朝,你可能看到和听到()

①家住余杭的张兄坐船游大运河来到涿郡②寒门书生王某通过科举考试获得官职③松赞干布与文成公主成婚④东京商业区内,人们用交子购买生活用品

A.①②③④ B.①②

C.③④ D.②③④

【答案】B

7.(2015·黑龙江大庆·3)隋唐时期的科举制为士人创造了相对平等的竞争机制,选官标准为()

A.品德 B.才能

C.军功 D.血缘

【答案】B

8.(2015·云南省·3)唐朝的“开放”是全面的开放,包括政治、经济、思想文化等各个方面。下列能说明唐朝选官制度开放的是()

A.接待遣唐使B.统治者都善于纳谏

C.实行科举制D.长安是座国际大都市

【答案】C

9.(2015·山东聊城·5)孟德斯鸠在评价中国某一制度时指出:“皇帝通过考试等途径选拔官员,凡是具有真才实学的人,不论出身如何,都有通过考试成为官吏的机会。”该制度在隋唐时期的作用不包括()

A.扩大了中央政权的社会基础 B.增强了国家机构的活力

C.给社会带来革新气象 D.使专制集权统治极度膨胀

【答案】D

10.(2015·广东揭阳·15)下列对不同朝代科举制度的描述中,正确的一项是()A.汉朝时最早设置科举考试的朝代

B.隋朝发展了科举制度,设置了武举

C.唐朝科举重视诗赋考核,并开设了进士科

D.明朝八股取士发挥了学者的真才实学

【答案】C

11.(2015·甘肃兰州·3)我国历史上实行的考试选拔官员的制度,在一定程度上体现了公开、公平的原则。科举制度创立于()

A.西汉 B.隋朝

C.唐朝 D.明朝

【答案】B

12.(2015·广东省·4)唐朝科举,以考试成绩作为录取标准;明经科的录取率约为十分之一,进土约为六十分之一;科举出身的官员占全部官员的比例略多于十分之一。从材料中得到的信息是()

①科举制是用分科考试的方法来选拔人才②科举制是政府选官的主要来源③科举选拔的标准是择优录取④科举考试基本年年进行

A.①② B.①③

C.②③ D.③④

【答案】B

13.(2015·山东济南·3)英国大百科全书中说:“我们所知道的最早的考试制度,是中国所采用的选举制度,及其定期举行的考试”。这种“最早的考试制度”是()

A.禅让制 B.世袭制

C.科举制 D.民主制

【答案】C

14.(2015·湖南永州·5)下列说法中,能准确反映唐朝科举制度特点的是()

A.分科考试,重时事评论 B.科目繁多,重诗赋考查

C.轻视诗词,重实际能力 D.八股取士,重文章格式

【答案】A

15.(2015·辽宁沈阳·2)唐朝中央设国子监主管学校工作,统管京师六学。律、书、算学为明法、明字、明算输送考生,国子学、太学、四门学为进士、明经两科输送考生。对该材料理解最准确的是()

A.学校教育服务于科举制 B.学校教育内容为儒家经典

C.科举制促进了文学的发展 D.科举制改善了用人制度

【答案】A

二、非选择题

16.(2015·浙江嘉兴·26)(10分)自古以来,“考试”是选拔人才的有效手段。阅读材料,回答问题。

材料一正是汉代的太学,考试毕业分甲科、乙科两等。按当时定制,考试甲等的就得为朗(郎:皇宫里的官职),考乙等的,回到其本乡地方政府充当吏。

——摘编自钱穆《中国历代政治得失》

(1)最早设立太学的皇帝是谁?联系材料一,说出太学生毕业后的去向。(2分)

材料二在唐代,考中进士即具备做官资格,由于宰相多是进士出身,时以应考进士科最为人崇慕,报考人数最多。科举考试允许普遍人报考,为庶族中小地主,乃至出身寒微的平民知识分子开辟了一条升官的路。

——摘编自《中国古代文化史》

(2)联系材料二和所学知识,说说唐朝科举制的作用。(4分)

材料三宋代科举考试增设词科,“词”受到普遍重视,文学发展焕然一新。科举考试录取士者大幅增加,读书风气日盛。《三字经》《百家姓》等小百科全书成为宋朝幼儿启蒙读物,文明高度发展。

——摘编自《中国古代文化史》

(3)联系材料三,谈谈宋代科举考试对文明高度发展的影响。(4分)

【答案】26.(1)汉武帝;(1分)在皇宫为官或回地方为官。(1分)(2)唐朝实行科举制度,向各地方的庶族地主、平民打开了门路,刺激、网罗了一批中下层知识分子,使他们有了参与政权的机会,这就调和了阶级矛盾,扩大了统治阶级的基础;满足了封建君主专制政治的要求,收到了集权中央、巩固封建统治的效果。(4分)(3)宋代科举考试增设词科,促进了文学的繁荣;宋代科举考试还促进了文化教育事业的发展。(4分)

17.(2015·山东威海·21)“盛世”是指我国从大乱走向大治,在较长时间内保持繁荣昌盛的特定阶段。我国历史上曾出现过多个“盛世”。阅读下列材料,回答问题。

材料一汉武帝执政时期,中国封建社会形成了辉煌的“西汉盛世”,汉武帝的伟大之处在于他的诸多首创精神和积极的治政态度……他两次派遣使团出使西域,最终凿通西域,建立起沟通中西交通的陆上要道,丰富和充实了华夏文明。

(1)根据材料一并结合所学知识,说出汉武帝为加强中央集权在思想或经济方面具有“首创精神”的一项措施。率领“使团”出使西域的是谁?“陆上要道”是指什么?(3分)

材料二唐太宗开创的“贞观之治”昌盛局面,在她统治时期继续向前发展,国力强盛,为以后的“开元之治”──中国封建社会鼎盛时期的到来奠定了坚实的基础。史家称她的统治有“贞观遗风”,郭沫若称赞她的统治是“政启开元,治宏贞观”。

(2)根据材料二并结合所学知识,指出“她”对我国科举制度的发展和完善所做的贡献是什么?说出唐太宗注意任用贤才或者虚心纳谏的一个事例。“开元”是哪个皇帝的年号?(3分)

材料三 15世纪的中国是一个综合实力走在世界前列的强国,郑和七下西洋,没有侵略和掠夺,只有友谊交往和馈赠,是名副其实的和平与友谊之旅……数百年来,东南亚各国各种郑和庙宇香火旺盛,各种遗迹经久不损,各种传说历久不衰。

(3)根据材料三并结合所学知识,指出郑和下西洋最远到达了什么地方?郑和下西洋为什么被称为“名副其实的和平与友谊之旅”?(2分)

(4)根据以上材料并结合所学知识,简述我国封建社会出现“盛世”的主要原因。(至少说出两条)(2分)

【答案】21.(1)思想方面:接受董仲舒的建议,“罢黜百家,独尊儒术”;经济方面:将地方的铸币权和盐铁经营权收归中央,统一铸造五铢钱。(2分)张骞丝绸之路(1分)(2)开创殿试和武举(1分)任用房玄龄和杜如晦做宰相,人称“房谋杜断”;重用敢于直言的魏征等。(1分)唐玄宗(1分)

(3)红海沿岸和非洲东海岸(1分)郑和下西洋没有侵略和掠夺,只有友谊交往和馈赠;东南亚各国人民对郑和怀念、敬仰;郑和的远航,促进了中国和亚非各国的经济交流,加强了我国和亚非各国的友好关系。(言之有理,答对一条即可)(1分)

(4)国家统一,政治清明;社会稳定,文化繁荣;经济发展,国力强盛;有贤能的皇帝统治;实行开明的对外开放政策等。(言之有理,答对两条即可)(2分)

18.(2015·广东梅州·16)(6分)翻开中国古代史,我们可以发现,改革创新是贯穿古代史的一条明显主线。阅读下列材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一《史记商君列传》记述战国时的一次变法规定:“为田开阡陌封疆,而赋税平。”材料二在朝廷中必须使用汉语,禁用鲜卑语;官员及家属必须穿戴汉族服饰;将鲜卑族的姓氏改为汉族姓氏,把皇族由姓拓跋改为姓元……

——摘自《中国历史》(七年级上册)

材料三隋朝统一全国后,对门第世家独霸政府的现象,进行改革,改用考试的方法,向平民阶层选拔新进官员。凡考试及格的知识分子,不问什么门第,一律委任官职……

——柏扬《中国人史纲》

请回答:

(1)材料一中的“商君”在当时哪个国家实行变法?这次变法中有关土地制度方面的内容是什么?(2分)

(2)材料二的内容是历史上哪个朝代推行的改革措施?这次改革有什么重要历史作用?(2分)

(3)材料三反映的选拔人才的创新制度是什么?这一创新制度完善于哪一朝代?(2分)【答案】16.(1)秦国;改革土地制度,废除奴隶制的土地国有制,国家承认私人的土地所有权。(2)北魏;加速了黄河流域民族大融合的进程。(3)科举制度;唐朝。19.(2015·山东临沂·26)(14分)阅读材料,结合所学知识回答问题。

材料一秦国从公元前230年起,到灭齐时止,首尾10年,陆续兼并了六国,在占领的区域设置郡县,直属于秦王,从此结束了贵族王侯专政的王国时代,进入了君主专制的帝国时代。

——陕西新闻网

(1)秦国最后灭掉的是哪一诸侯国?(2分)秦统一六国后,在地方上推行什么制度?(1分)

(2)图10所示的防御工事被称为什么?(2分)其修筑目的是什么?(2分)该工事在

哪一朝代又进行过大规模修筑,达到了完善地步?(1分)

图10

材料二尽管秦国仅仅延续了15年,但秦始皇确立的统治模式却一直延续下去。秦始皇是中国2000余年中国集权封建帝制的主要设计者,影响之深广,为任何其他帝王所难以相比。——风云人物网

(3)“秦始皇确立的统治模式”是指我国古代的哪一种制度?(2分)为巩固和完善这一制度,西汉时所采取的主要思想措施和隋朝时所创立的选官方法分别是什么?(4分)

【答案】(14 分)(1)国家:韩国。(2分)制度:郡县制。(1分)

(2)防御工整:长城。(2分)目的:防御匈奴。(2分)完善:明朝。(1分)

(3)制度:专制主义中央集权制度(中央集权制度)。(2分)

思想措施:罢黜百家,独尊儒术。(2分)

选官制度:科举制。(2分)

20.(2015·湖南张家界·36)我国是一个统一多民族国家,自古以来统一是我国历史发展的主流。结合所学知识,回答下列问题:

(1)我国历史上第一个统一的中央集权的封建国家是谁建立的?(1分)为适应新的统一形势,加强封建统治,他创立了一套对后世产生深远影响的政治制度,这一制度叫什么?(1分)

(2)为实现大一统,汉武帝在思想上采取了什么措施?(1分)为巩固统治,选拔人才,隋朝创立了什么制度?(1分)

(3)为维护国家统一,清朝前期,清政府在新疆、西藏和台湾分别设置了什么机构,加强了对边疆地区的有效管辖?(3分)

(4)新中国成立后,为维护国家统一和民族团结,我国政府在少数民族聚居地区实行什么基本政治制度?(1分)为实现国家统一,邓小平提出了什么伟大构想?(1分)该构想的实践取得了什么重大成果?(1分)

【答案】(1)嬴政(秦始皇)。(1分)封建专制主义中央集权制度。(1分)

(2)罢黜百家,独尊儒术。(或把儒家学说作为封建正统思想)。(1分)科举制度。(1分)

(3)伊犁将军;(1分)驻藏大臣;(1分)台湾府。(1分)

(4)民族区域自治制度;(1分)一国两制;(1分)港澳回归。(1分)

历年中考真题分类汇编(数学)

第一篇基础知识梳理 第一章数与式 §1.1实数 A组2015年全国中考题组 一、选择题 1.(2015·浙江湖州,1,3分)-5的绝对值是() A.-5 B.5 C.-1 5 D. 1 5 解析∵|-5|=5,∴-5的绝对值是5,故选B. 答案 B 2.(2015·浙江嘉兴,1,4分)计算2-3的结果为() A.-1 B.-2 C.1 D.2 解析2-3=-1,故选A. 答案 A 3.(2015·浙江绍兴,1,4分)计算(-1)×3的结果是() A.-3 B.-2 C.2 D.3 解析(-1)×3=-3,故选A. 答案 A 4.(2015·浙江湖州,3,3分)4的算术平方根是() A.±2 B.2 C.-2 D. 2 解析∵4的算术平方根是2,故选B. 答案 B 5.(2015·浙江宁波,3,4分)2015年中国高端装备制造业收入将超过6万亿元,其中6万亿元用科学记数法可表示为()

A.0.6×1013元B.60×1011元 C.6×1012元D.6×1013元 解析6万亿=60 000×100 000 000=6×104×108=6×1012,故选C.答案 C 6.(2015·江苏南京,5,2分)估计5-1 2介于() A.0.4与0.5之间B.0.5与0.6之间C.0.6与0.7之间D.0.7与0.8之间解析∵5≈2.236,∴5-1≈1.236, ∴5-1 2≈0.618,∴ 5-1 2介于0.6与0.7之间. 答案 C 7.(2015·浙江杭州,2,3分)下列计算正确的是() A.23+26=29B.23-26=2-3 C.26×23=29D.26÷23=22 解析只有“同底数的幂相乘,底数不变,指数相加”,“同底数幂相除,底数不变,指数相减”,故选C. 答案 C 8.★(2015·浙江杭州,6,3分)若k<90<k+1(k是整数),则k=() A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9 解析∵81<90<100,∴9<90<100.∴k=9. 答案 D 9.(2015·浙江金华,6,3分)如图,数轴上的A,B,C,D四点中,与表示数-3的点最接近的是 () A.点A B.点B C.点C D.点D

高考英语真题分类汇编各种题型全汇总

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