重估英国文学中的道德哲学——刘意青教授访谈录

《大卫-科波菲尔（节选）》试讲稿统编版高中语文选择性必修上册试讲稿：《大卫·科波菲尔》导读与人物分析一、导入新课（5分钟）教师：首先，让我们回顾一下十九世纪英国文学的辉煌时代。

在这个时代，英国涌现出众多伟大的文学作家，而其中最璀璨的明星之一就是查尔斯·狄更斯。

他的作品充满了人性的温情和社会的关怀，被誉为英国文学史上的瑰宝。

今天，我们要深入探讨狄更斯的一部杰作，《大卫·科波菲尔》。

二、如何读长篇小说（10分钟）教师：在开始深入了解《大卫·科波菲尔》之前，让我们首先思考一下，当我们阅读一部长篇小说时，应该注意什么？一部小说包含着三个重要要素：人物、故事情节和环境。

而小说最核心的部分是人物，人物性格和成长是通过故事情节来展现的。

那么，我们在阅读时应该怎样来关注人物呢？学生A：教师，我认为在阅读长篇小说时，我们应该关注人物的性格、行为和成长过程。

通过观察人物的言行举止，我们可以更深入地理解故事情节和主题。

教师：非常好！正是这些人物让故事变得生动有趣，也让我们更深刻地理解小说中的主题。

那么，今天我们就从人物入手，一起来探讨《大卫·科波菲尔》中的主要人物形象。

三、介绍《大卫·科波菲尔》的故事梗概并揭示主题（10分钟）教师：现在，让我们简要回顾一下《大卫·科波菲尔》的故事梗概。

这部小说讲述了主人公大卫·科波菲尔从童年到成年的一生经历。

他经历了父母的去世、被寄养、寄宿学校生活、童工、婆姨家生活、上学、成为作家等一系列生活事件。

在这个过程中，我们将见证大卫·科波菲尔如何成长，如何应对生活中的挫折和困难，以及他的爱情经历和人际关系。

同时，这部小说也通过大卫的成长叙述了19世纪英国社会的真实面貌，揭示了金钱对婚姻、家庭和社会的腐蚀作用，以及人性的美好。

通过这一故事，狄更斯传达了他的人道主义观和民主精神。

教师：现在，请你们思考一下，在故事中，大卫的成长和性格发展如何反映了作者的人道主义观？有没有特定情节或人物形象让你们印象深刻？学生B：教师，我认为在小说中，大卫的成长过程充满了坎坷和挫折，但他始终保持着善良和坚韧的性格。

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（⽂艺复兴与莎⼠⽐亚英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学）【圣才出品】第3章英国⽂艺复兴时期⽂学1.How did England become the most powerful country during the Tudor reign? Key:The Tudor reign reached its summit during the time of Queen Elizabeth (reigning1558-1603),who adopted moderate policies to achieve a balance both between the rising middle class and the feudal lords and between the Protestants and the Catholics.It was a peaceful time and England became a powerful state.In 1588the English navy defeated the Spanish invincible Armada and thus eliminated her most dangerous enemy on the high seas and in the world trade. English ships started to visit lands all over theworld,including America and other distant countries.They brought home great wealth and fortunes and set up the first English colonies overseas as well.2.What does the word“Renaissance”mean and why do we call this historical period the English Renaissance Period? Key:Renaissance is a French word,meaning“rebirth”or“revival”,and in this particular context,it means the revival of arts and sciences of ancient Greece and Rome after the long years of neglect in the medieval time.In England,at first a great number of classical works were translated into English in the15th and16th centuries and English scholars and men of letters showed a strong interest in ancient Greek and Roman art and science.They followed in the wake of the intellectual and literary movement which began inthe14th century in Italy and later spread to France,Spain,Holland and other western European countries.This was usually called the Renaissance Movement in England and its ideal was Humanism.3.Give a brief account of Thomas More’s life and his major work Utopia.Key:Sir Thomas More(1478-1535)was the most prominent humanist of this period,and he was also a Parliament member and a judge by profession.He devoted his spare time to writing and wrote the famous book Utopia in Latin, which was published in1516.In the book More meets a traveler at Antwerp,who has seen a place called Utopia,or“Land of Nowhere”,where communism is adopted as the social system,education is offered to all people,including women,and religious differences are tolerated.It presents More’s ideal of the best possible government form.And since then the word“Utopia”has been used all over the world for ideals that are usually beyond human reach./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html Spenser’s major literary work and tell what it is about.Key:Spenser’s major literary work is The Faerie Queene.(1)It is an allegorical romance in verse.According to his plan,there should be 12books,each telling the adventures of one knight dispatched by the Faerie Queen,Gloria,who represents glory in general and Queen Elizabeth in particular.(2)According to his contemporary thought,the virtuous man knows how togovern himself,and thus is qualified to govern others.(3)In the poem Spenser identifies the good ruler with the good man and emphasises the importance of education.(4)But Spenser only managed to finish six books,in which the six virtues of Truth,Temperance,Friendship,Justice,Chastity,and Courtesy are presented./doc/850d88410266f5335a8102d276a20029bc646312.html more writers(poets and playwrights)of this period and tell what you know about them.Key:(List out some writers in this period and introduce their lives and major works according to the textbook.)6.What are Bacon’s chief contributions?Key:Bacon’s chief contributions are that he wrote many significant works,which have become great wealth of human being.7.Who was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare?Discuss one of his plays. Key:Christopher Marlowe was the greatest playwright before Shakespeare.The Tragical History of Dr.Faustus,written in blank verse,is Marlowe’s masterpiece.The story is taken from a medieval German legend,but Marlowe emphasizes humanistic ideals through Faustus’pursuits.Fed up with the four subjects of medieval knowledge(theology,philosophy,medicine and law),he turns to magic to seek the supernatural.Finally he succeeds in raisingMephistophilis,the Devil’s servant and strikes a contract with him,by which Mephistophilis will satisfy his desires such as conjuring the spirit of Alexander the Great in a king’s court,marrying Helen of Greece,and so on.And in exchange for all these services done for him,he agrees to sell his soul to the Devil.He goes through endless spiritual and moral struggles between good and evil during his transaction with Mephistophilis.But,he also shows the Renaissance human spirit of pursuing knowledge and infinite power,as well as the courage to challenge fate and authority.Although Marlowe’s drama lacks variety of characterisation and construction,his success with the blank verse and his mighty dramatic lines mark him as the most important predecessor of Shakespeare.8.What kind of comedy is Ben Jonson’s special contribution?And as a playwright how different is Ben Jonson from Shakespeare?Key:“Comedy of humours”is Ben Jonson’s special contribution.He forms a nice contrast to Shakespeare.(1)Jonson’s theory of“humours”reduces his characters to types,who represent greed,vanity,falsehood,etc.They are flat,one-sided and have no development.Unlike him,Shakespeare digs deep into human nature and depicts the complexities of human relations.(2)Ben Jonson advocates classic Roman and Greek masters,strictly observes the three unities and disapproves of any mixture of the tragic with the comic,while Shakespeare creates according to his own judgment and the taste of the audience,and is very flexible in his handling of drama rules set by hispredecessors.Their differences were so obvious that later Samuel Johnson described one as the poet of art and the other as the poet of nature.However,Jonson could not but see the great talent in Shakespeare,and as a good playwright and a learned man himself,he also admired his rival.。

刘意青《简明英国⽂学史》课后习题详解（18世纪英国⽂学⼩说的兴起）【圣才出品】第9章⼩说的兴起1.Discuss the social and historical elements that promoted the birth of the modern novel in England.Key:There are several factors that promote the rise and the first flowering of the English novel.First,as we’ve said in the previous section,in the18th century science and technology developed fast,and printing grew as one of the most prosperous trades.Therefore,books were quickly printed and in comparatively larger numbers.Second,with the growth of capitalist economy,the middle class grew strong to become the dominant element in all the aspects of social,political and economic life of England.And with it an urban economy also came into being. Big cities like London increased in number in the country and farmers or the agricultural population swarmed into the city to gradually settle down as traders, servants,workers and apprentices.These new settlers in the cities formed a reading public that badly needed to improve themselves and they provided the necessity and possibility of the flourish of a book market.Third,with the development of industry,women were deprived of their previous opportunities of spinning and weaving at home.Without a way to earn a living,women who failed to marry into a family with secure financial means to support them were forced to work as maids,or became thieves,prostitutes orkept women in the cities.These women,no matter as an idle wife of a rich man,or as a servant girl,joined the public readers and some of them even became writers themselves who sold popular literary works to earn a living.Thus,by mid-18th century,a large book market had been established in England that sold reading stuff of all kinds,from journals and newspapers,political pamphlets,conduct books,travel guides,manuals for house decoration,ghost stories,romances,etc. to serious literature of poetry,drama and prose work written by classical masters like Swift and Johnson.2.Discuss Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe as a typical middle-class novel.Key:Readers of China are mostly familiar with this novel.In the past we emphasised Crusoe’s imperialist and capitalist side,because Marx says in his On the Capital that Crusoe is the typical representative of the rising capitalist class whose sole interest is to expand and exploit,and in Crusoe’s adventures we see how capital is accumulated at the early stage of capitalism.While what Marx says is correct,he only sees the story from a political and economic point of view.As a literary figure,Crusoe is more than just a money-grabbing capitalist and colonialist.He also shows many positive sides of the rising middle class,such as the love for labor,the industrious and thrifty life style,courage to explore strange lands,a curiosity to know the world,and the strong desire to test one’s own strength and establish one’s individual identity.3.What kind of novel did Richardson write?And discuss his two major novels toshow your points.Key:All Richardson’s novels and writings preach the Puritan ideology of hard work,honesty,thrift,industry,and,most of all,the importance of living a virtuous life.For example,his Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded and Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady.In Pamela,or Virtue Rewarded,Pamela grew up into a beautiful and virtuous young woman with good taste and refined manners,getting through many hardships and threats,and finally she is married to his young master Mr.B, which indicates that her virtue is rewarded. In Clarissa,or The History of a Young Lady,unlike Pamela in birth,Clarissa Harlowe was the daughter of a rich merchant.She was both beautiful and virtuous and had her own share of wealth given to her by her grandfather.But such a young lady could not choose to marry a man she liked and respected,for her father and brother forced her to marry a rich but disgusting and vulgar merchant,in order to merge the property and wealth of the two families.To escape the hatedmarriage,Clarissa,inexperienced and innocent,fell into the hands of a rake Mr.Lovelace and was deceived and kidnapped to a brothel,and later drugged and raped.Although afterwards Lovelace realised his true feelings for Clarissa and proposed marriage,the virtuous girl could neither forgive him nor herself for harboring illusions toward a rake.Finally,she sought a slow suicidal death and wrote her own story as a warning to all the young women.4.How did Fielding name his panoramic novels?What are the main features of his novels?Key:Fielding named his panoramic novels“comic epic in prose”.Epics are usually written in verse,and the subjects are always adventures and heroic deeds of the heroes of noble birth.But here Fielding tells us that he has written a prose work with the epic scope and power,but the main protagonists are common people and even people of the low social status.This is a real revolution in the Western literary history in which literary genres abide by a rather strict rule of levels of style.Although Parson Adams and Joseph are still comic roles,they are no longer minor characters,but the centre of the story.In this experiment of Fielding’s,the new novel has paved way to the more realistic representation of common people’s experiences in the19th century.5.Why do we say that Tristram Shandy is a strange and difficult novel?In what way does this novel anticipate the postmodern novel tendencies?Key:We have several reasons to call Tristram Shandy experimental and difficult. First,it is perhaps the first English novel that does not respect the plot’s time sequence.Second,the book is made difficult by Sterne with a lot of typographical oddities.And third,he has employed a lot of sexual jokes such as his own unfortunate accidents during his mother’s conception of him and later the doctor’s crushing of his nose.Sterne is the first novelist who anticipates the postmodern violation of the temporal sequence of a narrative.。

第4部分18世纪英国文学（1688-1780）一、填空题1.Henry Fielding has been regarded as“_____”,for his contribution to the establishment of the form of the modern novel.（吉林大学2007研）【答案】Father of the English Novel【解析】亨利·菲尔丁被誉为“英国小说之父”。

2.A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift is a sharp_____against the social injustice in_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】satire,Ireland【解析】1729年斯威夫特发表的《一个温和的建议》是对英国政府对爱尔兰人民剥削压迫的极度讽刺。

这一宣传册建议爱尔兰的穷人把刚满一周岁的孩子卖给富人，富人可将孩子做成美餐，而穷人也将获得一笔收入。

3.The English novel began to prosper in18th century as a new literary genre.In this period there appeared a number of great novelists such as_____,Daniel Defoe, and_____.（天津外国语学院2011研）【答案】Jonathan Swift,Samuel Richardson【解析】18世纪英国文学的小说家主要有Defoe，Swift，Richardson，Fielding，Smollett and Sterne等。

4.Author:_____Title:_____.（南京大学2007研）At other times,the like battles have been fought between the Yahoos of several neighborhoods,without any visible cause:those of one district watching all opportunities to surprise the next,before they are prepared.But if they find their project has miscarried,they return home,and,for want of enemies,engage in what I call a civil war among themselves.【答案】Author:Jonathan Swift Title:Gulliver’s Travels【解析】题中文段节选自乔纳森的《格列佛游记》。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记
（原创版）
目录
1.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容概述
2.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的特点
3.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的使用方法与价值
4.总结
正文
刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一部针对英国文学史的参考书，旨在帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学的发展历程和重要作品。

这本书涵盖了从古代到现代英国文学史上的主要流派、作家和作品，对于学生学习和研究英国文学具有很高的参考价值。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的特点主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，这本书的内容非常全面。

它按照时间顺序，系统地介绍了英国文学史上的各个时期和重要作家，涵盖了诗歌、小说、戏剧等文学形式，同时还对文学作品的社会背景、思想内容和艺术特点进行了详细的分析。

其次，这本书的结构非常清晰。

全书分为 25 章，每章由两部分组成：第一部分为复习笔记，总结本章的重点难点；第二部分是课后习题答案，对该书的课后思考题进行了详细解答。

这种编排方式有利于学生系统地学习和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

此外，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记在讲解文学作品时，还注重引入相关的背景知识和历史背景，使得学生能够更好地理解作品的产生和发展，加深对英国文学史的理解。

在使用刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记时，学生可以按照笔记的章节顺序进行学习和复习，也可以根据自身的兴趣和需求选择性地进行阅读。

同时，笔记中的课后习题答案可以帮助学生检验自己的学习成果，及时发现和弥补自己的知识漏洞。

第15章维多利亚时期小说家1.Choose to discuss one of Dickens’novels.Key:A Tale of Two Cities is a novel telling about individual destinies in a gigantic and turbulent social change like the French Revolution.The two cities referred in the title are Paris and London and the main characters shuttle between the two cities with the former as the center of all conflicts and dangers whereas the latter as the stronghold of safety and the final retreat of the victims of revolution. Unlike his other novels,this one adopts the basic tone of a romantic tale.This novel has always been well received mostly for its thrilling story and the dramatic depiction of characters.It is also good material for films and TV shows. In it we see clearly Dickens’profound sympathy for the exploited and oppressed French peasant class and the persecuted Doctor Manette.Besides the horrible rape and killing and the kidnapping of the innocent doctor to bury his whole life in prison,Dickens’strong accusation of the dissipated and cruel French aristocratic class is also shown in the famous episode of the marquis’carriage dashing through the small town and running over a poor child.Without even stopping,he throws a handful of coins out of the carriage and then orders the carriage to dash ahead,leaving the poor father howling with the dead boy in his arms.Although Dickens’sympathy is with the down-trodden French people,his attitude toward French Revolution is critical.In the novel,he depicts therevolutionary people of Paris as mobs who,guided by hatred,persecute and kill many people indiscriminately.They are described as mad with their intense desire of revenge.Madam Defarge is shown to sit in their inn knitting all day before the revolution.What she knits into the shawl is the names of those who will be sent to the guillotine as soon as they rise up to power.In the end,when trying to kill Darnay’s wife Lucie and their child,this mad woman is shot to death by Lucie’s old nurse in a very comic way.Dickens is not at all alone in abhorring the terror of the mobs after the French Revolution.Some critics criticise him for vilifying revolutionary masses as mad avengers like Madam Defarge.But we can defend him with his equal exposure and criticism in the novel of the cruelty of the French aristocracy.Dickens is, therefore,fully shown as a humanitarian writer advocating moderate reforms to better the society.2.Analyse Vanity Fair to show Thackeray’s thematic emphasis and novelistic style. Key:The sub-title of the book,“A Novel Without a Hero”emphasizes the fact that the writer’s intention was not to portray individuals,but the bourgeois and aristocratic society as a whole.In Vanity Fair,Thackeray has produced a gallery of characters from different strata of the English bourgeois and aristocratic circles.Except for Amelia and Dobbin,all the others are negative in one way or another with Rebecca Sharp topping all in her unscrupulous maneuvers and greed.She has become a classicimage in English literature as well as in life to represent that category of people. However,she is also a victim of that vanity-fair kind of social life.Although his depiction of the positive character Amelia is comparatively weaker,Thackeray’s satirical power and depth in this masterpiece are universally acknowledged not only in his contemporary time,but for always.3.Discuss the romantic elements in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights.Key:In Jane Eyre,the story is romantic in nature with realistic reflections of Victorian values and social problems.In recent years,critics are paying more attention to its natural images and fairy-tale sub-structures and its references to the Bible and other literary works,which is the element of inter-textuality shown in it.For instance,Jane’s marriage to Rochester,a wealthy man from a higher class,is suggestive of the fairy tale Cinderella.Starting from Jane’s Thornfield life till the end,the novel turns from realistic exposure of the Victorian society to a romantic love affair in an almost secluded country place where strong passion, hidden secret and even Gothic settings and unexpected turns of events replace the cruel but sober reality of life in the first part.Wuthering Heights tells a story of class persecution and revenge.Love in the novel is tragic,morbid and devastating.However,in some critics’mind, Wuthering Heights resembles one of the Gothic romances of the latter part of the 18th century,with its atmosphere of horror on the lonely moor remote from the outside world,and its melodramatic effects and fantastic motifs.ment on George Eliot and her novel Middlemarch.Key:George Eliot was a talented and diligent writer.She was plain,worked hard for accomplishment to win love from her family and friends.She was brave enough to pursue her true love with a married man.She had her own selfhood. Middlemarch is regarded as Eliot’s masterpiece.It is a multi-dimensioned presentation of the provincial life in a small town called Middlemarch.There are two main plot lines:one with Dorothea Brooke’s growth,her marriage and remarriage as its central story,and the other with Doctor Lydgate’s pursuit of his professional ambition and the shattering of his dreams by his wrong marriage and the small town politics.Dorothea is Eliot’s portrait of an honest and courageous woman,who is always sincere and sympathetic toward others and has a strong sense of duty where family,friends and society are concerned.Although she is too idealistic and simple at the start,and makes quite a number of mistakes in her judgment and choice of life,her noble heart and character strength guarantee that she takes lessons from her mistakes and goes on courageously to face life.Eliot describes her musical voice,which shows her as possessing feelings and passions, but at first she is blind to her own nature and obsessed entirely with her intellectual pursuit.But in her second marriage she is able to correct her own mistake.In choosing Ladislaw,an easygoing artist who does not pretend to be authority in any field,she lets her feelings take control.She is Eliot’s ideal ofwhat we should be,that is,a person with all the basic good qualities who develops and matures through life and whose noble and benevolent heart brings good to the community.。

喜欢看《奇葩说》的朋友大概都知道刘擎，他是第七季的导师。

他在“下班后的工作消息，要不要回”那期节目里给我留下了深刻的印象。

他站反方，他说“这个世界，应该让那些不好的选择消失”，还说“人是一个作为目的的存在，而不仅仅是任何发展的工具”。

这些观点彰显了他作为一名理想主义者的坚守。

刘擎在节目中的高光时刻很多，他总是像这样，把高深的哲学观点转化为平实的语言，来解决日常生活中的难题，并因此收获了一大波观众的好感。

最近，我刚读完他的一本书，非常值得推荐——《刘擎西方现代思想讲义》。

评分很高，部分原因是刘擎老师的人格魅力吧这本书脱胎于他在得到上的一门线上课程。

由于是课程讲义，因此这本书的语言非常口语化，很通俗。

尽管书中介绍的是艰深的现代思想，但刘擎总有办法把深奥的讲得清晰易懂。

因此，这本书十分易读，对零基础的读者也十分友好。

在18至19世纪的启蒙时代，思想家们对“理性”和“进步”抱有乐观主义的态度。

然而，从20世纪以来，西方的很多思想家却看到了理性带来的问题以及现代人的困境。

刘擎选取了两条线来介绍这些思想，一条线围绕现代人的人生难题展开，另一条线探讨的是现代社会的社会困境。

从他所选取的这两条线，你大概看出了这本书的特别之处：它并不单单介绍那些高悬于象牙塔之上的深奥思想，书中所涉及的思想都与当代人的生活息息相关，要么探究了现代人的精神困境，要么想要找到现代社会种种问题的原因。

而这一点正是这本书最吸引我的地方。

虽然已经进入了21世纪，但发端于20世纪的难题依旧像乌云一样漂浮于我们的上空。

1.现代人的精神危机“社会变得越来越好，经济发展得越来越好，但我们却没有变得更快乐、更满足。

”这大概是很多人的内心写照。

很多人都陷入了一种精神危机之中。

现代人的精神危机可以追溯到一个根源：上帝死了。

“上帝死了”是哲学家尼采的一句名言。

上帝是西方社会的信仰，而宣告“上帝死了”则意味着整个西方世界的道德基础和价值体系失去了根基，很多人找不到生命的意义，陷入了虚无。

刘意青简明英国文学史笔记
【原创实用版】
目录
1.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的概述
2.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点
3.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象
4.刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的价值和意义
正文
刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款针对英国文学史的复习资料，其目的是帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

这款笔记的内容非常丰富，不仅梳理了英国文学史的脉络，还总结了各个时期的重要作家、作品和文学现象。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的内容特点主要体现在以下几个方面：首先，这款笔记按照英国文学史的时期划分，从古英语时期到现代英国文学，系统地介绍了英国文学史的发展历程。

每个时期都有详细的作家介绍、作品分析和文学现象解读，让学生对英国文学史有一个全面而系统的认识。

其次，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记总结了各个时期的重要作家和作品，方便学生查阅和记忆。

每个作家的作品都有详细的简介和分析，让学生能够深入理解作品的主题、形式和艺术特色。

再次，这款笔记还提供了大量的课后习题和答案，帮助学生巩固所学知识点。

每个章节都有对应的复习笔记和课后习题，让学生在复习过程中能够及时检测自己的学习效果，找出自己的薄弱环节进行针对性地加强。

刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记的适用对象主要是英语专业的本科生和研究生，以及准备英国文学史相关考试的学生。

这款笔记的内容详实，
既适合初学者入门学习，也适合有一定基础的学生进行深入研究和复习。

总之，刘意青《简明英国文学史》笔记是一款非常有价值的英国文学史学习资料。

它不仅内容丰富，而且条理清晰，能够帮助学生更好地理解和掌握英国文学史的知识点。

材料作文《于理性之上，构筑诗和远方》一夜之间，《中国诗词大会》《见字如面》《朗读者》这些节目火了。

人们被一首首精美的诗词吸引，被一句句朴实话语背后的深情打动……有人说，是诗句激发了人们的想象力，让人的内心重新丰富起来；有人说，是文字唤起了人们的回忆，一封家书就能抚平时代的创伤；有人说，朴实的话语更能带给人们充满温馨的心灵体验，如和煦的春日阳光，令人宁静愉悦；也有人说，当今社会我们从不缺少“朗读者”的感性泪水，我们最需要的是“赛先生（科学）”的理性精神……这些议论，引发了你哪些思考？请自选角度，自拟题目，写一篇议论文，表明你的见解。

要求：观点明确，论据充分，论证合理。

范文：于理性之上，构筑诗和远方中国从来就不缺乏“诗词歌赋”用户，更不缺“自嗟自怜”文青审美，《朗读者》豆瓣评分9.2也说明这一点，就算没有这些用户，还有多少老干部就以此为职业，《中国诗词大会》圈粉无数也说明我们对传统文化有天然亲近，每个人心中都有“诗和远方”。

但写诗歌易，学数学难；谈文化易，懂科学难。

这个社会并不缺古典文化，最缺的是科学精神。

因此，需要于理性之上，构筑诗和远方。

《朗读者》等节目能够引发好评如潮，与1997年全民迷恋余秋雨《文化苦旅》，2007年爱上于丹《庄子》心得并无两样！这并不是传统文化的真正传播，而是商业时代的心灵揉捏，每一次类似产品出现后，总能在瞬间麻醉无数人，但却并不能真正建立健康理性的价值观，这是一个没有出口函数的死循环，每次稀里哗啦的泪水挥霍后，过几天仍然浑浑噩噩，并不能从实质上改变自己，提升自我，而是在一个“非欧空间”之中反复徘徊而不自知。

可见，现代中国，我们从来不缺“朗读者”的感性泪水，最需要的是“赛先生（科学）”的理性精神。

在中国真正科学类节目极其稀少，赛先生在中国的境况极其不妙，当然别谈那些“怪力乱神”探秘节目，那些与科学无关，当然也不是完全没有，“最强大脑”就是其中最出类拔萃的一档科技节目。

《最强大脑》开辟了中国科学电视节目的先河，也称得上真正一档完完全全的“赛先生”栏目，整个民族都缺乏这种关于科技的教育，从这个角度来看，《最强大脑》的产生，在横向和纵向的发展角度来说都有重大意义。

冷静而又理性的观察者——德国华人作家刘瑛访谈◎朱云霞摘要：德国华人作家刘瑛，1994年移居德国，经过域外生活的沉淀与积累，近年来佳作不断，出版小说《不一样的太阳》《刘瑛小说散文集》等，另有大量散文随笔散见于国内外报纸杂志。

刘瑛的文学创作受到自身中文背景的影响，有自觉的语言意识和风格追求;作为一个女作家，她有意识地以女性角度表达海外女性的生存体验;过去的中国经验与长期的德国生活体验，又形成跨域视野影响了她观察和思考的角度。

作为中欧跨文化作家协会的主席，刘瑛的文学活动也颇有代表性，访谈为我们走进德国华文文学，进一步了解作家的创作样貌提供了重要途径。

关键词：刘瑛冷静理性德国华文文学朱云霞：刘瑛老师好，近年来频频看到与您有关的“文讯”，不仅是您个人作晶的发表、讲座，还有您主持的各类文学活动及主编的文学作晶集等，带给我们不同的文学想象。

我很好奇的是，您1994年到德国，但应该是在2010年开始发表文学作品，能不能谈谈您移居德国的原因，为何出国后十几年才开始文学创作？刘瑛：我出国的原因，主要是家庭团聚。

这个问题呢，在作家网、南昌电视台的《你在他乡还好吗?》以及王红旗老师发表在《名作欣赏》的访谈都有谈到。

当时我先生在德国工作,小孩刚上小学。

都说德国的小学教育对孩子来说幸福指数比较高,有这样的机会当然好，所以我带着孩子来到了德国。

为何出国后十几年才开始创作？因为刚到德国时更多的是面临生存的问题，当时也曾考虑过，是不是继续读一个学位？出国前我曾在高校工作，觉得学位对个人来说很重要。

但实际情况是非常困难的。

我那时所在的德国城市里,大学里没有中文相关专业，很难对接。

当时也考虑过读比较文学专业，但这个专业要求精通好几门外语，对外语的要求非常高，而我的德语水平在当时是零起点，只能放弃继续深造。

那时孩子还小，生意很忙，可以说根本没时间也没心情进行写作。

虽然之前有过大学中文系教师的工作经验，但与创作无关。

可以说，缺乏文学创作体验。