Before anyone can honestly care how important it is to protect marine habitats（生活环境）, one needs to appreciate the vast quantities of marine life that exists in the ocean. It is hard for some people to relate to something they never see. However, it makes sense that the vast expanse of water and its inhabitants, covering 70% of the planet, affects us all.
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Most marine animals are found near coral reefs. These colorful underwater forests naturally spring to mind with the mention of scuba（水中呼吸器）diving or underwater life. Coral reefs are constructed by living plants and animals, primarily corals that surround their small anemone (海葵)-like tentacles in a hard skeleton that forms much of the reef structure.
They generally occur in clear, tropical or semi-tropical seas to a depth of approximately 100 meters (328 feet). Coral reefs fringe approximately one sixth of the world's coastlines and are the biologically richest of all shallow-water marine ecosystems. They support as many as 1 million species of animals and plants, but only a small fraction have been described. Among the best known groups are at least 5,000 species of fish, over 10,000 species of mollusk (软体动物) and more than 800 species of reef-building corals.
Corals are not only important to fish. Reefs are important to the human population for a wide variety or reasons: for one, they are a food source. A majority of people make their living fishing near coral reefs and an even larger part of population enjoys eating some of the catch. Unfortunately, if current trends of over-fishing continue, and we deplete fisheries as fast as we are, then this food source will eventually run out. Scientific evidence shows that 90% of top predators in the ocean are now extinct because of over-fishing-predatory fish include anything salmon sized and above all the way through sharks. On the other hand, killing off the grazing species of fish at reefs allows algae to build up, which in turn kills the coral. With 30% of oceanic fish making their home near coral reefs at one time or another, reefs are essential in maintaining a healthy fish population and many of the fish maintain the coral in return. Sustainable fishing is a must.
Corals aren't only a food source. There is also a clear connection between tsunamis（海啸）and storm events having a much greater impact on eroding coastlines than healthy ones. Healthy reefs protect coastlines from the damage of massive waves. During the recent tsunami in Indonesia, for example, coastlines protected by reefs and mangrove forests remained intact and experienced much less impact than coasts that did not have reefs.
Pollution is a major threat to the ocean. Pollution comes in many forms and shapes, but most have one thing in common: Almost all ocean pollutants stem from land based human activity. Waste produced on land eventually finds its way to the ocean. It is not uncommon to find beaches
littered with plastic bags and bottles that finally came to rest on shores. Rivers carry dirt, oils, sewage and chemicals out to sea. Garbage also finds its way to ocean. Seeing plastic bags floating around the water instead of fish is not a pretty sight. Washed up garbage on the sand will definitely ruin a nice beach vacation. With many third-world countries relying on tourism for income, it is important to maintain the ocean and beaches in as pristine a condition as possible.
Chemicals are constantly absorbed by the ocean. Chemicals have a drastic effect on fish populations and the fishing industry. Chemicals absorbed by animals at sea will also harm the human population that consumes them. Mercury is a chemical now commonly found in larger predatory fish such as tuna and shark. It occurs naturally in the environment and also can be released into the air through industrial pollution. Mercury falls from the air and can accumulate in streams and oceans. Bacteria in the water cause chemical changes that transform the mercury into methylmercury. It is this type of mercury（水银, 汞）that can be harmful to unborn babies and young children. Fish absorb the methylmercury as they feed in these waters. Methylmercury builds up in the tissue of some types of fish and shellfish more than others depending on what the fish eat.
High levels of mercury can poison the human body, have adverse effects on the nervous system and prevent a baby from developing normally in the womb. This is just one of the harmful chemicals that are actively absorbed by the ocean. Those of us who enjoy the occasional tuna salad sandwich or swordfish steak have been absorbing natural and industrial chemicals from the meat for a few years now suffer a lot.
Another chemical pollutant is carbonic acid. Atmospheric CO2 is absorbed by the ocean and reacts with the seawater to form carbonic acid-this makes the ocean more acidic and intolerable to a variety of species. The shells of living mollusks have even been known to dissolve in very acidic areas of the ocean. Sea creatures such as corals, shell fish, sea urchins and star fish are likely to suffer the most because higher levels of acidity makes it difficult for them to form and maintain their hard calcium carbonate (碳酸钙) skeletons and shells. For example, even under the 'low' predictions for future carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere, the combined effects of climate change and ocean acidification mean that corals could be rare on tropical and subtropical reefs, such as the Great Barrier Reef, by 2050.
Some poisons are intentionally released into the water. Cyanide（氰化物）or pesticides are released in designated areas known to harbor fish and the stunned fish are scooped up in nets and sorted. Even though the poisons don't always kill the fish, they destroy smaller organisms including the coral reef building animals. We've already lost 20-30% of all coral reefs. If we continue to impact the ocean like we are, another 50% of coral will die off within the next decade.
Obviously over-fishing and pollution will always be a problem. The solution lies in limiting activities that harm the ocean even though the problem will never be completely eliminated. Certain fishing techniques are devastating to marine environments and often unnecessary. 'Blasting' is an example. This technique involves bombs that are detonated at sea in the hopes that the fish killed float to the surface for easy collection. Bottom trawling（拖网捕鱼）destroys
massive amounts of deep sea ecosystems, killing the habitats of the animals they are fishing for. It is fishing practices like these that need improvement.
Controlling the amount of gases released into the atmosphere poses a more difficult problem. The good news is that there is a potential solution. Two effective techniques for limiting CO2 emissions would be, (1) to replace fossil fuels with energy sources that do not emit CO2, and (2) to use fossil fuels more efficiently. Alternative energy sources that do not emit CO2 include the wind, sunlight, nuclear energy, and underground steam. Devices known as wind turbines can convert wind energy to electric energy. Solar cells can convert sunlight to electric energy, and various devices can convert solar energy to useful heat. Geothermal power plants convert energy in underground steam to electric energy.
Fossil fuels are a limited resource as it is and research is currently underway in the hopes of finding alternative (and more environmentally friendly) fuel sources. Until research comes up with less expensive alternative fuels, fossil fuels will continue to be used as the world's primary energy source.
A few years ago, the idea of an animal surviving the intense pressures of the deep sea was inconceivable. Today, it is a known fact that animals manage to survive at such depths. In fact, the deepest fish on record was found at 27,460 ft (8,370 meters) below sea level. Unfortunately, with current trends in pollution and deep sea fishing, many species may become extinct before they are even discovered! It is important to protect existing marine habitats, not only to protect a major resource of everything from food to tourism to coastal protection, but to ensure the survival of the creatures that make the world such a fascinating place.
1. According to the passage, how many species of animals and plants do coral reefs support?
A) They support 800 species of animals and plants.
B) They support 5,000 species of fish and plants.
C) They support as many as 1 million species of animals and plants.
D) They support over 10,000 species of mollusk and plants.
2. Why are coral reefs essential to human beings?
A) Because they provide a means of living and source of food for human beings.
B) Because they provide a tourist destination for human beings.
C) Because they provide a place for human beings to fish.
D) Because they provide a kind of entertainment for human beings.
3. If in a healthy state, coral reefs can .
A) stop tsunamis and storm events from attacking the coastlines
B) protect coastlines from the damage of extraordinary waves
C) stop people from fishing ear the coral reefs
D) protect coastlines from people’s damage
4. What is said about human's activity as littering plastic bags and bottles?
A) It ca badly damage the coral reefs ear the coastline.
B) It can have impact on tourism of the developed countries.
C) It ca badly damage people’s life near the coastline.
D) It ca pollute the ocean and influence tourism.
5. When mercury falls into the ocean, it was converted to a chemical of more harmful nature that can endanger .
A) unborn babies and young children
B) adult women
C) the environment of the ocean
D) the coral reefs
6. Carbonic acid has the most serious impact on .
A) the human being
B) shell fish and star fish
C) tunas and sharks
D) marine mammals
7. People bomb certain area of the sea and the killed fish floating on the sea surface
A) can be collected easily
B) can harm the ocean
C) can pollute the environment
D) can damage people’s health
8. We ca wither find alterative energy sources or make better use of fossil fuels to reduce____________.
9. We are now researching to find alternative fuels that are more environmentally friendly and _________________.
10. We should protect the marine creatures as creatures themselves that have rights for survival, not simply as useful _______________.
文章梗概：
本文介绍了海洋及海洋生物的作用及其所受到的危害。首先介绍海洋的作用--提供食物、旅游资源，海洋生物对海岸的保护。之后阐述了过度捕鱼造成的危害。接下来谈到了各种污染物对海洋及生物的影响，以及对人类的危害。最后指出我们应该保护海洋资源，确保海洋生物的生存。
答案解析：
1.由题干关键词Coral reefs和supports. . . animals and plants定位至第三段第三句They support as many as 1 million species of animals and plants, but only a small fraction have been described. 珊瑚礁供养着多达100万种动植物，但其中人们描述的仅有一小部分。由此可知选项C）正确。
2. 由题干关键词essential to human beings定位至第四段第三句A majority of people make their living fishing near coral reefs and an even larger part of population enjoys eating some of the catch. 选项A）是对该句的同义转述，故为正确答案。
3. 由题干关键词healthy state和coral reefs定位至第五段第三句Healthy reefs protect coastlines from the damage of massive waves. 健康的珊瑚礁可以保护海岸不受巨浪冲击的伤害。这说明珊瑚礁能降低风暴的危害程度，而A)说珊瑚礁能阻止风暴侵袭是错误的；C）和D）文中并未提及；B）中的extraordinary一词和massive同义，故为正确答案。
4. 由题干关键词littering plastic bags and bottles定位至第六段,该段主要阐述人类随意丢弃垃圾的行为会污染海洋，影响旅游业，尤其是第三世界国家的旅游业，却没有提及这种行为对珊瑚礁的影响。因此答案为D）。
5. 由题干关键词mercury和harmful定位至第七段倒数第三句It is this type of mercury that can be harmful to unborn babies and young children. 是这种水银可能对未出生的婴儿和幼儿有害。A）是该句的同义转述，故正确。
6. 由题干关键词carbonic acid定位至第九段第三句Sea creatures such as corals, shell fish, … becau se higher levels of acidity makes it difficult for them to form and maintain their hard calcium carbonate skeletons and shells. 像珊瑚、贝类动物、海胆和海星这样的海洋生物容易受到最大的伤害，因为酸量较高的话会使它们难以形成和保养自身坚硬的碳酸钙骨骼和外壳。因此答案为B)。
7. 由题干关键词bomb certain area of the sea定位至倒数第四段倒数第三句This technique involves bombs that are detonated at sea in the hopes that the fish killed float to the surface for easy collection.意思是这项技术包含在海里实施爆炸，以此希望漂浮在海面上被炸死的鱼可以轻易地被收集起来。由此可知A)正确。
8. 由题干关键词fossil fuels定位至倒数第三段第三句Two effective techniques for limiting CO2 emissions would be, (1) to replace fossil fuels with energy sources that do not emit
CO2, and (2) to use fossil fuels more efficiently.由此可见，题干是对这句话的同义转述，据此，答案应为CO2 emissions。
9. 由题干关键词alternative fuels和more environmentally friendly定位至倒数第二段最后一句Until research comes up with less expensive alternative fuels, fossil fuels will continue to be used as the world's primary energy source. 据此，答案应为less expensive。
10. 由题干关键词protect the marine creatures定位至最后一段最后一句It is important to protect existing marine habitats, not only to protect a major resource of everything from food to tourism to coastal protection…. 无疑，protect后面就是答案，但是应该根据题干的含义进行简化。经分析可知，与海洋生物自身的生存相对比,它们作为食品、旅游和海岸保护资源都是从人类角度出发的，据此，可以把这些作用总结为resource to human being。
Americans are proud of their variety and individualty, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so __1__ in the United States?
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Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more __2__ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to __3__ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to __4__ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the __5__ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to __6__ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many __7__ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of __8__ experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without __9__, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act __10__, on the job at least.
[A]skill [B]popular [C]get [D]change [E]similarly
[F]professional [G]character [H]individuality [I]inspire
[J]differently [K]expect [L]practical [M]recall
[N]lose [O]ordinary
1.选B)。从文章的第一句they love and respect few thins more than a uniform“他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，说明了制服在美国很受欢迎。因此选项B)popular符合原文意思。选项中的professional “职业的”、practical“实用的”和ordinar y“普通的，平常的”都不符合第一段的意思。
2.选F)。此处应填形容词。从more...than civilian clothes可知，此处要填的形容词意思与civilian相对，说明制服的特点。选项中的形容词中只有professional“职业的”和civilian 相对的，故F)正确。而pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”意思都不能和civilian对应，故排除。
3.选K)。由be conditioned to do sth.“习惯于”可知，此处应填动词原形。从前面的look more“看起来更...”和后面的tend to“倾向于”可知，这段要说明的是人们的主观印象，应填入表示“期望(得到)”的单词，只有K)expect符合原文语气。选项中get“得到”与上下文的语气不符合。
4.选I)。此处应填动词原形。从原文中“人们习惯...从穿制服的人那儿得到优质服务。”可知，人们更信任穿制服的人，即制服能使人产生信任感。选项中的动词原形中只有inspire“使产生”符合文章。
5.选A)。此处应填名词。前面两句表达了人们对穿制服的人更加信任的意思，那么对于garage mechanic“汽车修理工”来说，人们信任的是它的技术，而不是人品，故选项中只有A)skill符合原文意思。
6.选N)。此处应填动词。...step out of uniform“脱掉制服”是对护士、警察等来说是......职业身份的很简单的方式。脱下制服就是失去了职业身份，由此可以推知此处应填N)lose。
7.选L)。此处应填形容词，说明制服的其他有点。从下文“...节省购买其他衣服的开销，节省洗衣费用，比便服更舒适也更耐穿”可知，制服除了增加信任感还有实际的优点。选项中的pratical“实用的”和ordinary“平常的”，很明显L)pratical符合原文意思。
8.选H)。此处应填名词。文章手段就说“美国人为自己的多元化和个性化感到高傲无比，然而他们又无比热爱和崇尚制服”，其中包含制服使他们失去自己的个性的意思，那么联系第一段，此处指出的制服的缺点即为失去个性，故选项H)individuality正确。individuality 强调与他人特点的区别，而character指的是个人特定的内在本质。
9.选D)。此处应填名词。前面说制服让人失去了个性，虽然有很多种制服，但穿上制
服的人直至退休都是那件制服，所有是没有变化的，故此处应填change，故D)正确。
10.选E)。此处应填副词，修饰动词act。前面指出...look alike,they tend to...，说明此处填的词和alike意思相近。选项种副词有similarly和differently，很明显，E)similarly与alike 意思相近，故选E)。
What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 1 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 2 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity(肥胖). Perhaps the 3 to this ambivalence(矛盾情结) lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop(经济作物) wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 4 ways of doing it
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The immigrant experience, too, has been one of inharmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans” eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 5 by imports—pizza, say, or hot dogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.
Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political
But strong opinions have not brought 7 . Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 8 of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.
The 9 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚). It’s what we eat—and how we 10 it with friends, family, and strangers—that help define America as a
community today.
A. answer I. creative
B. result J. belief
C. share K. suspicious
D. guilty L. certainty
E. constant M. obsessed
F. defined N. identify
G. vanish O. ideals
H. adapted
【答案及详解】
1. D feel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feel guilty about sth. “对……感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。
2.M be obsessed with 为固定搭配，原意为“被……附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。
3. A 本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.
4. I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以确定I为正确选项。
5. F 本题较难。根据be 和by 确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过but 转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。
6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religious reasons来推断此处填政治结果。
7. L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。
8. K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/become suspicious of “对……感到怀疑”。
9. J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)belief in sth.“ 相信……”。
10. C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with 搭配，确定选项为share, share sth. with sb., “与某人分享某事”。
Videoconferencing is nothing more than a television set or PC monitor with a camera Through the videocenferencing, not only your voice but also your face, the surroundings and any other graphic and phisical __1__ can be captured and transmitted through the communication system with or without wires. Of course, when you go into the details, the technology involved is very __2__ and the subject matter littered with jargon. Such as ISDN (Integrated Services Digital Network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone Service) or the __3__ behind bandwidth, latency and isochrony which are used to explain how videoconferencing works.Good people communication is __4__ in any business, and the more interaction you can achieve, the more likely it is that your __5__ will be the right ones. Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations, but also note __6__ expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking. Meetings are made more __7__ by sharing documents and computer applications that a simple telephone cannot __8__.__9__, organizations are discovering the competitive advantages and the power of videoconferencing. With advances in performance, economical pricing, the ability to __10__ essential meeting tools and
connectivity to global telephone networks and standardized videoconferencing protocols, videoconferencing is now a practical reality for any organization.
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A) fortunately
B) effective
C) images
D) articulate
E) facial
F) manage
G) decisions
H) connect
I) advanced
J) integrate
K) progressive
L) concepts
M)pictures
N) increasingly
O) important
【答案】
1.选C)。空格中要填的是名词，从后面的......can be captured and transmitted可以选出选
项中images和pictures，pictures指“画面，图片”，一般指静态的情景;而文中的意思表达的是实时的电视会议，画面应该是动态的，images可以表示动态的形象，画面，故C)images 正确。
2.选I)。这里应填形容词，修饰the technology。选项中的advanced，progressive，important 可以用来修饰the technology，注释1说明了the technology中包含了很多行业术语，是很深奥的，排除important;而progressive“上进的，进步的”，强调寻求更好的，advanced“领先的，有高深的，并非人人都能接受的含义”，根据上下文I)advanced更符合题意。
3.选L)。首先判断这里应填名词，再根据注释2种“用于解释视频会议工作原理的......”，原文中有explain“解释，说明”可以退出，选项中的名词中concepts最符合题意。故选L)。
4.选O)。此处应填形容词。这个分句后面说交流越多，你越可能成为正确的那一个，说明交流很重要，与本土的视频会议-----一种交流的工具主题一致，这里应该填important。
5.选G)。由空格后的ones可知，这里应填名词的复数形式。前面提到the more interaction..., the more likely...be the right ones“得到的交互信息越多，你的......就更有可能正确的”。人们通过电视会议谈判协商，了解得信息越多，自己的判断，决策才会更正确。故这里应填G)decisions。concepts“概念”是打扰项，这里和概念无关。
6.选E)。此处应填形容词。由上文Videoconferencing not only allows you to speak to people in different locations“视频会议不仅可以让你与不同地方的人说话”，...expressions and gestures that let you know what the other person is really thinking.“......表情和姿态，从而让你知道他们的真实想法”，很明显修饰expressions的应该是facial，意思是“面部表情”。
7.选B)。此处要填形容词，与more构成形容词比较级结构。从后文by sharing documents and computer application“通过共享文档和计算机应用，会议能更加......”，这里电话会议的优势，也是其目的，即提高效率，故这里应填B)effective。K)progressive“进步的”并不是电话会议要达到的目的，故排除。
8.选F)。此处应填动词原形。选项中的动词原形有articulate，manage，integrate，connect，由原文可知，电视会议可以“共享文档和应用计算机”，而电话是不能做到的，以推断这里填的词表示“做到，实现”的词，故只有manage“设法，达成”符合文意。
9.选N)。可以推断此处应填副词，选项中有fortunately和increasingly两个副词，本文全文都在说随着技术的发达，电视电话会议越来越受欢迎，所以应该是increasingly而不是fortunately“幸运地”。
10.选J)。此处应填动词原型，宾语是各种重要的会议工具。选项中还有articulate，integrate 和connect三个位动词原形。其中aiticulate作“接合”意思讲的时候指的是单独的事物由关节连接，connect“连接”表示将分离的东西连接在一起，而integrate强调的是各种事物结合，形成一个整体。integrate正确，故选J)。
As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very
complex. Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is __1__ for calculations of pay,
while the Personnel Department is interested in discussions with the employees about
pay.
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If a firm wants to __2__ a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a __3__ of job evaluation and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be __4__, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers. In job evaluation, all of the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of thsoe requirements is given a value, usually in "points", which are __5__ together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their __6__ to solve problems. Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without __7__ to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should __8__ the value of each job with these in the job market. __9__, payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simple to measure the work done, as in the works done with hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen, for __10__ workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.
[A]compare
[B]responsible
[C]useful
[D]added
[E]find
[F]reference
[G]indirect
[H]method
[I]successful
[J]combined
[K]Necessarily
[L]capacity
[M]ability
[N]Basically
[O]adopt
【答案及详解】
1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门...计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用的”，indirect“间接的”，successful“成功的”，其中indirect 不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有B)responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。
2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).
3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod = ways，故选H)method。
4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原文意思。
5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值...起来to give a total value "得出总分值"，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把...相加”，后者意为“把...结合在一起”，
原文指将分值相加得出总分，故D)added最符合文意。
6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先solve problem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与ability都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。
7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”without reference to为固定搭配，意思是“与...无关”。故选F)reference。
8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了the value of each job“每种工作的价值”和these in the job market“工作市场上的(工作价值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A)正确。
9.选K)。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬...的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。
10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simple to measure the work done "易于评估的工作"，通常用现金奖励办法;而...measurement is difficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。