新译林版英语八年级上册阅读理解
归纳概括题
此类题主要针对文章的主题、中心思想、文章的结构层次（主题句或主题段）、作者的写作目的等方而，要求考生在准确理解全文后，归纳短文要点、概括中心思想，分析和归纳段落大意、重要情节、人物特征和环境特点等。
这类题常见的命题方式有：
1 ? What is the main idea Of this passage?
2.What does this PaSSage mainly talk about?
3.The main theme Of this PaSSage is ___ .
4.The Inain POint Of the PaSSage is ___ ?
5.WhiCh Of the following is the best title for the passage?
6.The title that best expresses the theme Of the PaSSage is .
7.The PUrPOSe Of the Writer in Writing this PaSSage is ?
& WhiCh Of the following best describes the PaSSage as a WhOle ?
【解题技巧】领会全文大意，灵活运用判断、归纳、推理等逻辑方法，貞?正理解文章的主题和中心思想。一般而言，英语文章的主题通常反映在文章的题目或一段短文的小标题上。不少文章一开头便展示出文章的主题。如新闻报道第一段通常是故事的梗槪（ICad ParagraPh）O 但也要注意，不少文章的中心思想也常贯穿于全文之中。主题句（topic SentenCe）常在一段的开头，也有可能在段中或段末。
在阅读理解时，归纳概括的题型可分为主题型（找出文章的main idea）,标题型（即选择合适的title）和目的型（寻找作者写作的PIIrPOSe）O
【例】54. The PaSSage is Inainly about __ , （09北京中考第54小题，阅读理解B篇）
A.the πιles Of behavior in PUbIiC
B.the easy Of COmmUniCatiOn
C.the acts Of kindness among PeOPIe
D.the knowledge Of SOCiaI Iife
本题问及文章的大意。通过跳读（Skimming ）我们知道这篇文章有六段描述在公众场合如何表现，所以A是正确答案。
细节理解题
细肖理解题常出现在应用文中,一般针对某个特左细Yj而提出问题，难度小，属浅层理解，通读短文后一般能宜接找出答题依据。
细节类问题的命题方式有：
1 .Which Of the following is NOT true according to Ihe information in the passage?
2.Which Of the following is mentioned in the passage?
3.What is the example of... as described in the passage?
4.The author InentiOnS all Of the following except...
5.The reason for... is...
6.The author StateS that...
7.ACCOrding to the passage, When (where, why, how. who, etc)...
【解题技巧】
1?通读全文，领悟大意，理解文章结构层次及细节，特别注意以下几个方面：
数字、日期和时间等；同位语、破折号、括号和省略号等：表示附加说明的词，如：by the way. besides, What t S morej∏ addition to, including, as Well as 等：倒装句及加强语气的词，如above all, mainly,ιnostly, certainly, indeed 等。
2.选用排除法排除不符合原文细廿的选项，剩下的就是要选择的最佳答案。
【例】61. WhO Will be guests at the party? (09 辽宁锦州卷)
A .The ChiIdren Of Mr Wilson.
B.The Marleys.
C.Mr WiISOn and his wife.
D.Mr and MrS Marley.
The Children Of and MrS MarleY invite you,
Mr and MrS Wilson,
to a party!
JOin US for food, fun and a CraZy time to Celebrate:
the 50th birthday Of RiChard Marley
On Friday, JUly 13th, FrOIn 2 Pm to 9 Pm
at GOlden SUn Park
Remember to bring your SWimSUitS and dancing ShOeS? Call Or email US for directions to the Party Or arrange for a ride?
Tel: (605) 392-4814
E-mail: smarley@https://www.doczj.com/doc/3e3751486.html,
本题是考核学生根摒上下文全而理解和进行正确判断的能力。做题时要重点看好Who, guests的问题，这是一封请柬，被邀请的才是客人，所以答案是C。
语句理解题
要求正确理解短文中一些关键词、短语或句子的含义。常用的手段是利用多种表达法、词的多义性、同近义语替换、习语释义、句型或语态转换等。
语句理解类问题的命题方式有：
1.The IInderlmed Word in the ... ParagraPh IeferS to / means __ .
2.What does " _____ " In Paragraph... StaIId for /mean?
3.'fc____ '' COUld best be replaced by WhiCh Of the following?
4.The expression∕plιrase 'fc____________ means .
5.The WOrd - _____ ”is ClOSeSt In meaning to _ .
【解题技巧】透彻理解题意，从短文中找到相关的词、短语或句子，根据特泄的语境判断理
解，推敲斟酌，最后确左含义。
猜测词义要根据：上下文间意义的联系；同义和反义关系：词的立义：对词的解释和举例以及构词法知识来进行。
【例】DOCtOrS and Other SCientiStS WhO StUdy Ihe human mind and （ry to explain Why PeOPle behave in the Way that they do, Called psychologists, arc Starting to believe it.
55. A PSyChOlOgiSt is a PCrSOn WhO may help you With your ___ ?（09 北京中考 C 篇）
A.illness and abilities
B.thoughts and behaviour
C.mind and nen r ous SyStem
D.PhySiCal activity and daily exercise
通过仔细阅读分析这句话，找出医生和科学家们SCUdy the human mind （研究人的思想）和explain Why PeOPle behave （解释人们的行为）,可以找岀thoughts and behaviour,因此答案是B a
点睛：Words, Iike people, are frequently known by the COInPany they keep?
A word's COnteXt or SUnOUndillgS Can provide CIUeS to meaning.
推理判断题
主要对短文的结论、隐含意义、作者的倾向、文章的论调、写作的思路及目的等进行考查。纵观全文，在汇集短文提供的并项信息的基础上，严格按照短文陈述的观点或描述事实，进行正确的、合乎逻辑的推论和引申。有时还可能会假设一种情况要求考生对原文中没有提及的情况进行推理和想象，对题目中提岀的各种可能性进行推敲，从而选岀符合原文信息或作者意图的最佳答案。推理性问题与细Yj性问题相似，这部分往往出题分量大，难度大，同学们出错也多，归根结底还是对文章内容没有做到真正的理解和掌握。
推理判断题的命题方式有：
1 ? We Can infer / COnCIUde from the PaSSage that ?
2.It Can be inferred / COnClUdCd （from the PaSSage） that ?
3.The PaSSage / SIOry / author /paragraph implies, but does not ClireCtly State that .
4.The author StrOngly SUggeStS that _________ .
5.What do you think WOUldIlaPPen （to...） at the end Of the story?
【解题技巧】读懂原文，抓住关键词、短语、句子或段落，透彻理解文章内容，注意文章结构层次和逻辑关系，并结合阅读材料外的有关生活、社会常识，仔细斟酌，做出准确的推断和引申。
【例】YOU Can Set UP a Plan to finish homework Or go to a doctor Or a PSyChOlOgiSt to try to WOrk things OUt With your family Or your friends?BUt SOmetimeS you Can,t Change a StreSSfUl SitUation.
SOmetimeS you don, t even Want （o. A big Change might be a good change, but it Will Stiil be stressful. （09北京中考第57小题，阅读理解C篇）
57.FrOm the IaSt SentCnCe Of ParagraPh 5 We Can infer that ?
A.it s difficult to Change a StreSSfill SitUatiOn
B.it's IlOt StreSSfill Whell a good Challge takes PIaCe
C. a big Change Will CaUSe another StreSSfUl SitUatiOn
D. a StreSSfτιl SlnIatIOn Can t be Changed WitllOUt any efibrt
此题考查了学生在对文章语句理解基础之上的推断能力，通过抓住重点单词good, but, Still stressful,我们可以推岀答案是C。
实战演练10年杭州市中考真题六、阅读理解（共15小题，计30分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。
A
When I WaS Seven years Old my mom WaS diagnosed （诊断）With cancer. The doctor told US Iny InOm might be SaVed With SUrgery r（手术）?Bllt it COUld also kill her. She ChOSe to have it.
The day before the SUrgery I WaS Off sch∞l. and my mom Planned the best day Of my life, everything I IOVed at SeVen and everything that WOUId PUt a Smile On Iny face. ThC day began With her Waking me UP saying, fcfc Kate, I have a SUrPriSe for you. COme and see." The SUIPriSe WaS a doll I had Wanted for the IOngeSt time? ThrOUghOUt the day, She told me everything that She thought I WOUld need to know to grow UP and be a good person; She told me to be the best I COUld be and that I WOUld always make her PrOUd? We had a PiCniC in the park, and it WaS SO COld that We moved to the car. The day WaS filled IaUghter. FOr the first time in a IOng time I COUId See ShC WaS really happy. I WOUId never forget her smile, Or the Way her eyes ShOne as if We Were the SanIe age. It WaS the best day Of my life, and I Win never forget the COnVerSatiOnS We Shared?
MYmO（her managed to IivC through IhC surgery. NOW When I IOOk back, I realize that the best day Of Iny Iife COUld be her IaSt and this COUId be the IaSt day I WOUId remember With her, the IaSt One We SharCd. I also UndCrStand how UnSelfiSh a mother is.
46.WhO made the decision to have the SurgCry in the story?
A.The doctors.
B. The patient.
C. The writer.
D. The Patient,s family.
47.What did the writer's mother do the day before the surgery?
A.She Stayed at home to have a good rest.
B. She Went to the doctor's for advice?
C. She turned to her family for COmfOrt.
D. She Stayed all day With her Child?
48.Why WaS the writer's InOther happy that day?
A.BeCaUSe She Ieft her Child a SPeCial memory.
B.BeCaUSe She realized her Child had grown up.
C.BeCaUSe She WaS PrOUd Of What her Child had done.
D.BeCaUSe She expected the SUrgery to be SUCCeSSfUL
49.The UnderIineel SentenCe in the IaSt ParagraPh SUggeStS that ?
A. her mother WaS ill again
B. the SUrgery r WaS UnSUCCeSSfUl
C. her mother WaS getting better
D. the SUrgery r WaS Very SinIPle
50.WhiCh Of the following WOrdS best describes the writer's mother?
B In fall 2006. the NatiOnal BaSketball ASSOCiatiOn （NBA ） Started USing basketballs mad With synthetic, Or man-mad, Inaterial instead Of Ieather （皮革）? They made the Change because they Wanted every basketball they USe to feel and bounce （弹起）the same. NOt all Ieather balls are exactly alike in Weight Or how they bounce, but the Syntheti
C balls arc.
HOWeVeL SOme PIayerS COmPIained right away that the new balls bounced Clifferently and Were actually harder to COntrOl than the Ieather OneS ?
PhySiCS helped answer questions about Why the new balls felt Clifferent. FOr example, the SCientiStS StUdied friction （摩擦力），WhiCh in this CaSe affects the ability Of a Player to hold OntO a ball ? fcfc The greater the friction, the better it Will StiCk to his hand," explains a scientist.
TeSt On both Wet and dry balls ShOWed that While the SynthetiC ball WaS easier to hold OntO When dry. it had IeSS friction and became much harder to hold OntO When wet. That ,s because SWeat （汗水）StayS On the SUrfaCe Of the SynthetiC balls but gets taken into the Ieather balls ?
The SCientiStS also tested bounce and found that the IOgO （商标）Printed On the new balls Inade their SUrfaCe UneVen （不平）and CaUSed them to bounce a IittIe StrangeIy COnIParCd With the Ieather balls.
In January, the NBA Went back to USing the Ieather balls ? ThCy areift perfect, but for now, that ,s just the Way the ball bounces ?
51. Why Were the SynthetiC balls expected to be USed in NBA according to the text?
A. BeCaUSe they are easier to COntrOL
C. BeCaUSe they IOOk exactly alike ?
52. The ball is easier to hold On to
A. When friction is greater
C. When it is heavier 53. The SynthetiC ball bounces differently from the Ieather One InainIy because
A. it is Wet
B. it is dry
C. there ,s a IOgO On it D ? its Weight remains the Same
54. It Can be inferred （推断）from the text that .
A. a SynthCtiC ball takes in Water faster than a Ieather ball
B. a Iealher ball is more difficult to make than a SynthetiC One
C. a SynthetiC ball is InOre expensive than a Ieather ball
D. a Ieather ball Inay increase its Weight during a game
55? The UnderIined WOrd fcfc They" in the IaSt ParagraPh refers to .
A. the SynthetiC balls
B. the Ieather balls
C. the ball PlayerS
D. the SCientiStS
笫二节：五位母亲Betty, Sara. Gina. Mary 和AIiCe 打算为各自的孩子选择一所合适的学校。 请A. Hardworking
B. FaInOUs.
C. Rich.
D. Great.
B. BeCaUSe they WaSte IeSS material. D. BeCaUSe they feci and bounce alike.
B. When friction is IeSS D. When it bounces Strangely
仔细阅读第56-60题中的个人情况说明，从A到F的六个选项中，选出符合各人要求的最佳选项，其中一项为多余选项。
56.Betty has a six-year-old daughter. She WantS her to be a InUSiCian When She grows up, SO
She is IOOking for a famous music SChOOl for her.
57.Sara,s SOn is 10 years Old? He is interested in Water SPOrtS. He Said that he hoped to
be a SailOr in the future?
58. AliCe Iearned to dance When She WaS young ? NOW She is a SUCCeSSfUl dancer. She WantS
her Iittle daughter to follow her StCPS ?
59. Mary is always WOrriCd about her daughter, WhO is POOr at Inath and EngliSh at school,
SO She is IOOking for a training Center to help her daughter.
60. Gina has a SOn WhO is a football fan. He knows about almost all the Well-known football
PlayerS. HC WiSheS to be a f∞tball star.
09年杭州市中考真题 六、阅读理解（共15小题，计30分）
第一节：阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳答案。
A
IfS not easy to find a PerSOn With the qualities it takes to be a hero ? I didn ,t really UnderStand the meaning Of the WOrd "hero" Until my third year in the COllege ?
If you SaW her, you wouldn't think She really IOOkS the part, but She is StrOnger than SUPerman COUld ever be. Her name is Sandra Keierleber. I first met her at VOlleyball tryouts （i 先拔 赛）,but didn ,t notice anything SPeCial at first. AS the Week passed, however, ShC ShOWCd She had InOre heart than anyone ? She st∞d OUt because She never gave up, no matter what.
KiP MCGrath
DO you Want your Child to SUCCeed at
school? We have Very g∞d Math and EngIiSh
teachers ? We are for Children aged 6"6.
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Sandra isn,t the tallest Or the fastest ― in fact, this WaS her first time Playing VOlleyball and it ShOWed ■一but that didn't StOP her. She WaS always the first to arrive and the IaSt to IeaVe? By the end Of tr>r outs She had found a PIaCe in ever}f one s heart. When the name IiSt for new members WaS PUt up, We all Waited nen r ously as She CheCked? When She StOOd at the door and SmilCd happily, all We COuld do WaS cheer.
After Sandra made IhC team, She WOrked even harder to improve her game? When She asked for help, We gladly taught her. She also became Our fan. attending almost every SChOOl game and even joining US in the City games? We all Iike her, because She never thinks about doing things the easy way, Or IOSeS that Smile? BeCaUSe Of her great efforts, She makes herself a true hero ― and Iny hero? loo.
46.What did the Writer think Of Sandra Keierleber at the beginning?
A. StrOng?
B. Honest.
C. Pretty.
D. Common.
47.Sancira began to Play VOneyban When _____ ?
A. She WaS at COllege
B. She WaS tall enough
C. She became a hero
D. She met the SUPerman
48.WhiCh Of the following is tπιe about Sandra?
A. She WaS born a VOlleyball player.
B. She isn,t the tallest but the fastest?
C. She does things in an easy way.
D. She is POPUlar With her teammates?
49.The Writer is most PrObably ____ ?
A. a news reporter B a COlIege StUdent C. a StOry teller D. a COnege teacher
50.Why does the Writer think Of Sandra Keierleber as a true hero?
A. She did Very Well at the tryouts?
B. She WOrked hard and never gave up.
C. She took Part in the City matches.
D. She asked for help from her teammates?
HOW COUld We tell time if there Were no WatCheS Or ClOCkS anywhere in the world?
The SUn WaS PrObably the WOrldS first "clock", except in the far
north, Where the ESkimOS （爱斯基摩人）live. There, it,s dark most Of the
Winter） and Iight most Of the SUmme匚BUt in InOSt Of the WOrld. PeOPle
have USed the SUn for a CIOCk? EVen today, if you don,t have a clock, you
Still know that When the SUn shines, it,s a day, and When it,s dark, it,s
night. ThC SUn Can also tell you if it,s InOrning, noon, Or afternoon.
PeOPle WhO IiVe near the Sea Can tell time from the tides. In the daytime, for about SiX hours, the Water rises higher and higher On the beach. And then it goes down and down for about SiX hours. The SanlC thing happens again at night. There are two high tides and two IOW tides every 24 hours.
Seamen On a ShiP Iearn how to tell time by IOOking at the nι∞n and the stars. The WhOle Sky is their clock.
In SOnIe PIaCeS in the WOrld the Wind COnleS UP at about the Sanle time every day Or ChangeS direction Or StOPS blowing .In these PlaCeS the Wind Can be the ClOCk ?
A Sand ClOCk is an CVen better ClOCk .If you have fine dry Sand in a glass ShaPed Iike the One in the picture, you WOUld have What is Caned an hourglass? The Sand in the hourglass goes from the top Part to the bottom Part in exactly One hour. When the hourglass is turned OVen the Sand WiIl take another hour to go back again.
51 ? ACCOrding to the PaSSage. there are WayS to tell time besides the ClOCk and WatCh?
A. 3
B. 4
C. 5
D.7
52.The ESkimOS in the far north CaIVt USe the SUn for a CIOCk because ?
A.they know Very Iittle about the SUn
B.the SUn there never goes down in Winter
C.it,s too COId for the to go OUt to WatCh the Sun
D.it has IOng dark WinterS and IOng Iight SUmmerS
53.The UnderIined WOrd "tides" in the PaSSage means ___ .
A.洋流
B.潮汐
C.海啸
D.波浪
54.In WhiCh Page Of a newspaper Can you most PrObably read the passage?
A. NeWS?
B. SCienCe?
C. BUSineSS?
D. AdVertiSement.
55.What's the best title for the passage?
A. Different WayS to TeIl Time
B. USefUl MaChineS to Tell time
C. The HiStOr>r Of the ClOCk
D. The DeVelOPment Of the ClOCk
第二节：Alan, Mr. BrOWIL the Whites, the SmithS 和the WiIliamS 正各自打算买房子。请仔细阅读第56-60题中的个人情况说明和A到E五处房子的介绍，选岀符合各自要求的最佳选项。
56.Alen, a young anιn, WOrkS as an engineer at a Car factory? He has Shared a flat With OtherS for
IWO years. NOW he has a SaVing Of $ 8.000 and he WOUld Iike a Single flat.
57.The BrOWn family has two CarS. They Prefer a home With two garages and enough bedrooms
for their three kids? They'd Iike to move in as SOOn as POSSible?
58.The Whites, twin sons, WhO Iike Water games, WiIl Start SChOOl next year. They are IOOking for
a house Within a WaIking distance to a Primary sch∞l.
59.The SnIiths, a middleaged couple, WiSh to OPen a restaurant. They are IOOking for a ShOP house
in the City Center. They don,t Care InUCh about the PriCe?
60.The WilIiamS are rich. and they hope to find a big and COmfOrtable house? They have a IOt Of
friends? The house ShOUld be COnVenient for their PartieS?
IntrOdUCtion:
*Price: $ 980,000 *Size: 240m2
*Downtown house IntrOdllCt ion:
*Price: $ 209.600
*Size: 180m2
*Bcdroonι: 4
IntrOdUCtion:
*Price: $860,000
*Size: 320m2
*Bedroom: 4
*Parking to the front*Bathroom: 2*Bathroom: 3
*Fit for SandWiCh ShOP &*Garage: 2*Garage: 3 Cafe.*No improvement*Big LiVing room
IntrOdUCt ion: *Price: S 5J00
*Size: 220m2
*Bcdroom: 1
*Floor: 2/4
*Near the SUbWay
*No improvement
*Bedroom: 3
*Bathroom: 2 *Near
the City sch∞l
'Good neighbors
*Size: 39m2
E
IntrOdUCtion:
*Price: $ 380790