2006考研英语（一）真题及答案解析
Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1(10 points)
The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. 1 , homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly 2 . To help homeless people 3 independence, the federal government must support job training programs, 4 the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.
5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates
6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is__8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.
Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day__13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills needed to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are _17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, _19__it, “There has to be _20 _of programs. What we need is a package deal.”
1.[A]Indeed [B]Likewise [C]Therefore [D]Furthermore
2.[A]stand [B]cope [C]approve [D]retain
3.[A]in [B]for [C]with [D]toward
4.[A]raise [B]add [C]take [D]keep
5.[A]generally [B]almost [C]hardly [D]not
6.[A]cover [B]change [C]range [D]differ
7.[A]Now that [B]Although [C]Provided [D]Except that
8.[A]inflating [B]expanding [C]increasing [D]extending
9.[A]predicts [B]displays [C]proves [D]discovers
10.[A]assist [B]track [C]sustain [D]dismiss
11.[A]Hence [B]But [C]Even [D]Only
12.[A]lodging [B]shelter [C]dwelling [D]house
13.[A]searching [B]strolling [C]crowding [D]wandering
14.[A]when [B]once [C]while [D]whereas
15.[A]life [B]existence [C]survival [D]maintenance
16.[A]around [B]over [C]on [D]up
17.[A]complex [B]comprehensive [C]complementary [D]compensating
18.[A]So [B]Since [C]As [D]Thus
19.[A]puts [B]interprets [C]assumes [D]makes
20.[A]supervision [B]manipulation [C]regulation [D]coordination
Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points) Text 1
In spite of “endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. This is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference”characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption”launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered ‘vast arrays of goods in an elegant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite.”these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.”The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization.
Immigrants are quickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that today’s immigration is neither at unprecedented level nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent of population; in 1900, 13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1,000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1,000. Now, consider three indices of assimilation------language, home ownership and intermarriage.
The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English “well”or “very well”after ten years of residence.”The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant families.”Hence the description of America as a graveyard”for language. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrive before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans.
Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of intermarriage than do U.S-born whites and blacks.”By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians.
Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around world are fans of superstars like Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation’s assimilative power.”
Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly when viewed against America’s turbulent past, today’s social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.
21.The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
A. identifying
B. associating
C. assimilating
D. monopolizing
22. According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.
A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
23. The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.
A. are resistant to homogenization.
B. exert a great influence on American culture.
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture.
D. constitute the majority of the population.
24. Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
A. To prove their popularity around the world.
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
25. In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____.
A. rewarding
B. successful
C. fruitless
D. harmful
Text 2
Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry---William Shakespeare---but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches. There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (RSC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway’s Cottage, Shakespeare’s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC’s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It’s all deliciously ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
The tourist streams are not entirely separate. The sightseers who come by bus---and often take in Warwick Castle and Blenheim Palace on the side---don’t usually see the plays, and some of them are even surprised to find a theatre in Stratford. However, the playgoers do manage a little sight-seeing along with their playgoing. It is the playgoers, the RSC contends, who bring in much of the town’s revenue because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and restaurants. The sightseers can take in everything and get out of town by nightfall.
The townsfolk don’t see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company. Stratford cries poor traditionally. Nevertheless every hotel in town seems to be adding a new wing or cocktail lounge. Hilton is building its own hotel there, which you may be sure will be decorated with Hamlet Hamburger Bars, the Lear Lounge, the Banquo Banqueting Room, and so forth, and will be very expensive.
Anyway, the townsfolk can’t understand why the Royal Shakespeare Company needs a subsidy. (The theatre has broken attendance records for three years in a row. Last year its 1,431 seats were 94 percent occupied all year long and this year they’ll do better.) The reason, of course, is that costs have rocketed and ticket prices have stayed low.
It would be a shame to raise prices too much because it would drive away the young people who are Stratford’s most attractive clientele. They come entirely for the plays, not the sights. They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over)-lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the
theatre to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office opens at 10:30 a.m.
26. From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’s contribution to the town’s revenue.
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.
27. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.
A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
28. By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.
A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
C. the town is not really short of money.
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.
29. According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.
A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
B. the company is financially ill-managed.
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
30. From the text we can conclude that the author_____.
A. is supportive of both sides.
B. favors the townsfolk’s view.
C. takes a detached attitude.
D. is sympathetic to the RSC.
Text 3
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals. They suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the seas are being overfished has been known for years. What researchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again since then.
Dr Worm acknowledges that the figures are conservative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today's vessels can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which
were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the sea is being caught, so the real difference between present and past is likely to be worse than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, because there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr Myers and Dr Worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the "shifting baseline". The notion is that people have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean because they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters because theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.
A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.
C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.
D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
32. We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.
A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
33.By saying “these figures are conservative”(Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that_____.
A. fishing technology has improved rapidly.
B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.
C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
D. the data collected so far are out of date.
34. Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_____.
A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.
B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass
C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations
35. The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’_____.
A. management efficiency
B. biomass level
C. catch-size limits
D. technological application.
Text 4
Many things make people think artists are weird. But the weirdest may be this: artists' only
job is to explore emotions, and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad.
This wasn't always so. The earliest forms of art, like painting and music, are those best suited for expressing joy. But somewhere in the 19th century, more artists began seeing happiness as meaningless, phony or, worst of all, boring as we went from Wordsworth's daffodils to Baudelaire's flowers of evil.
You could argue that art became more skeptical of happiness because modern times have seen so much misery. But it's not as if earlier times didn't know perpetual war, disaster and the massacre of innocents. The reason, in fact, may be just the opposite: there is too much damn happiness in the world today.
After all, what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to depicting happiness? Advertising. The rise of anti-happy art almost exactly tracks the emergence of mass media, and with it, a commercial culture in which happiness is not just an ideal but an ideology.
People in earlier eras were surrounded by reminders of misery. They worked until exhausted, lived with few protections and died young. In the West, before mass communication and literacy, the most powerful mass medium was the church, which reminded worshippers that their souls were in danger and that they would someday be meat for worms. Given all this, they did not exactly need their art to be a bummer too.
Today the messages your average Westerner is surrounded with are not religious but commercial, and forever happy. Fast-food eaters, news anchors, text messengers, all smiling, smiling, smiling. Our magazines feature beaming celebrities and happy families in perfect homes. And since these messages have an agenda---to lure us to open our wallets---they make the very idea of happiness seem unreliable. "Celebrate!" commanded the ads for the arthritis drug Celebrex, before we found out it could increase the risk of heart attacks.
What we forget---what our economy depends on us forgetting---is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us, as religion once did, Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. It's a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.
36.By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_____.
A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
B. art grows out of both positive and negative feeling.
C. poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
D. artists have changed their focus of interest.
37. The word “bummer”(Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something_____.
A. religious
B. unpleasant
C. entertaining
D. commercial
38. In the author’s opinion, advertising_____.
A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art.
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general public.
C. replaces the church as a major source of information.
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
39. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_____.
A. happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
C. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.
40. Which of the following is true of the text?
A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
C. People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
D. Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
Part B
Directions:
In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A- G to fit into each of numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)
On the north bank of the Ohio River sits Evansville, Ind., home of David Williams, 52, and of a riverboat casino where gambling games are played. During several years of gambling in that casino, Williams, a state auditor earning $35,000 a year, lost approximately $175,000. He had never gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for $20 worth of gambling.
He visited the casino, lost the $20 and left. On his second visit he lost $800. The casino issued to him, as a good customer, a Fun Card, which when used in the casino earns points for meals and drinks, and enables the casino to track the user's gambling activities. For Williams, these activities become what he calls “electronic heroin”.
(41)______________. In 1997 he lost $21,000 to one slot machine in two days. In March 1997 he lost $72,186. He sometimes played two slot machines at a time, all night, until the boat docked at 5 a.m., then went back aboard when the casino opened at 9 a.m. Now he is suing the casino, charging that it should have refused his patronage because it knew he was addicted. It did know he had a problem.
In March 1998, a friend of Williams's got him involuntarily confined to a treatment center for addictions, and wrote to inform the casino of Williams's gambling problem. The casino included a photo of Williams among those of banned gamblers, and wrote to him a “cease admissions”letter. Noting the medical/psychological nature of problem gambling behaviors, the letter said that before being readmitted to the casino he would have to present medical/psychological information demonstrating that patronizing the casino would pose no threat to his safety or well-being.
(42) ______________.
The Wall Street Journal reports that the casino has 20 signs warning: “Enjoy the fun ... and always bet with your head, not over it”. Every entrance ticket lists a toll-free number for counseling from the Indiana Department of Mental Health. Nevertheless, Williams's suit charges that the casino, knowing he was “helplessly addicted to gambling”, intentionally worked to ”lure”him to “engage in conduct against his will”. Well.
(43) ______________.
The fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders says “pathological gambling”involves persistent, recurring and uncontrollable pursuit less of money
than of the thrill of taking risks in quest of a windfall.
(44) ______________. Pushed by science, or what claims to be science, society is reclassifying what once were considered character flaws or moral failings as personality disorders akin to physical disabilities.
(45) ______________.
Forty-four states have lotteries, 29 have casinos, and most of these states are to varying degrees dependent on---you might say addicted to---revenues from wagering. And since the first Internet gambling site was created in 1995, competition for gamblers' dollars has become intense. The Oct. 28 issue of Newsweek reported that 2 million gamblers patronize 1,800 virtual casinos every week. With $3.5 billion being lost on Internet wagers this year, gambling has passed pornography as the Web's most profitable business.
(A). Although no such evidence was presented, the casino's marketing department continued to pepper him with mailings. And he entered the casino and used his Fun Card without being detected.
(B). It is unclear what luring was required, given his compulsive behavior. And in what sense was his will operative?
(C). By the time he had lost $5,000 he said to himself that if he could get back to even, he would quit. One night he won $5,500, but he did not quit.
(D). Gambling has been a common feature of American life forever, but for a long time it was broadly considered a sin, or a social disease. Now it is a social policy: the most important and aggressive promoter of gambling in America is government.
(E). David Williams’s suit should trouble this gambling nation. But don’t bet on it.
(F). It is worrisome that society is medicalizing more and more behavioral problems, often defining as addictions what earlier, sterner generations explained as weakness of will.
(G). The anonymous, lonely, undistracted nature of online gambling is especially conductive to compulsive behavior. But even if the government knew how to move against Internet gambling, what would be its grounds for doing so?
Directions:
Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET2. (10points) Is it true that the American intellectual is rejected and considered of no account in his society?
I am going to suggest that it is not true. Father Bruckbergen told part of the story when he observed that it is the intellectuals who have rejected Americans. But they have done more than that. They have grown dissatisfied with the role of intellectual. It is they, not Americans, who have become anti-intellectual.
First, the object of our study pleads for definition. What is an intellectual? (46) I shall define him as an individual who has elected as his primary duty and pleasure in life the activity of thinking in Socratic(苏格拉底) way about moral problems. He explores such problem consciously, articulately, and frankly, first by asking factual questions, then by asking moral questions, finally by suggesting action which seems appropriate in the light of the factual and moral information which he has obtained. (47) His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.
This definition excludes many individuals usually referred to as intellectuals --- the average scientist for one (48) I have excluded him because, while his accomplishments may contribute to the solution of moral problems, he has not been charged with the task of approaching any but the factual aspects of those problems. Like other human beings, he encounters moral issues even in everyday performance of his routine duties---he is not supposed to cook his experiments, manufacture evidence, or doctor his reports. (49) But his primary task is not to think about the moral code, which governs his activity, any more than a businessman is expected to dedicate his energies to an exploration of rules of conduct in business. During most of his walking life he will take his code for granted, as the businessman takes his ethics.
The definition also excludes the majority of factors, despite the fact that teaching has traditionally been the method whereby many intellectuals earn their living. (50) They may teach very well and more than earn their salaries, but most of them make little or no independent reflections on human problems which involve moral judgment. This description even fits the majority eminent scholars. Being learned in some branch of human knowledge in one thing, living in “public and industrious thoughts,”as Emerson would say, “is something else.”
51.DIRECTIONS:
You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry out your plan.
Write your letter no less than 100 words. Write it on the ANSWER SHEET 2. Do not sign your name at the end of the letter; use Li Ming instead. You do not need to write the address.
To those that is concerned,
I write this letter to request your help to recommend a proper candidate to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial assistance to a child in a remote area.
I wonder if it is convenient for you if three things concerning the child are taken into consideration. First, the child should come from Gansu Province, for I intend to help a child from my hometown. Second, it will be better if the child is a primary school student. I hope I will help him/her from the very beginning. In addition, he/she must be willing to return to his hometown to help built it after graduation from university.
My plan will be carried out as follows. On one hand, I will remit at least 2,000 yuan in cash every year until he/she finishes his/her education before entering college. On the other hand, I decide to teach the child math and English in person during my summer vacation, which will surely be more beneficial to the child.
Your prompt help would be highly appreciated. And I am expecting your reply at your earliest convenience.
Sincerely yours,
Li Ming
52.DIRECTIONS:
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 160~200 words in which you should
1. describe the photos briefly,
2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and
3. give your point of view.
1. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. ____, homelessness has reached such proportions that…。“无家可归者在美国人口中占越来越大的比例。…无家可归者所占的比例已经达到如此地步，以至于…。”
选项A. indeed一般表示强调;
B. likewise 表示与前者相似;选项
C. therefore因此，强调结果;选项
D. furthermore进一步说，表示递进。
不难发现，根据前一句“make up a growing percentage”与后一句“reach such proportion that”确定后者是对前者的例证强调。因此，正确答案为A。
2. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词在定语从句中充当谓语。句子叙述到homelessness has reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly _____. “无家可归者所占的比例已经达到地方政府都无法…的地步。”
选项A. stand 忍受;
B. cope vi. 处理，忍受;
C. approve 赞成，批准;
D. retain 保留。
不难发现，句子中“such proportion that local government can’t …”提供信息确定选择“忍受，承受”之意。选项A. stand 忍受，作为及物动词在句子中要直接连接宾语，但是句子中没有宾语，因此该词不符合句子结构;选项B. cope 处理，忍受，作为不及物动词，在句子中表达完整的含义;选项C. approve赞成，批准，“批准”的应该是文件，句子中提到的是无家可归者的数量问题，不能与“批准”连用;D. retain 保留，显然与“无家可归者的数量”不能构成合理的主谓关系。因此，正确答案为B。
3.词汇辨析题，本题目选择介词，选择介词与句子中的动词有直接关系。句子叙述到To help homeless people ____ independence, the federal government must support job training programs,…. “为帮助无家可归者…独立，联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目…。”
选项A. in 构成help sb. in doing 帮助某人做某事;
B. for 构成help sb. for 为…而帮助某人;
C. with 构成help sb. with sth. 帮助…做事;
D. toward 构成help sb. toward 帮助…向某个方向发展。
不难发现，句子中“help homeless people___ independence”提供信息确定选择“帮助…向某个方向发展”之意。因此，正确答案为D。
4. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，所在句子的主语、宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到the federal
government must support job training programs, _____ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing. “联邦政府必须提供就业培训项目,…最低工资标准，资助更多低收入家庭。”
选项A. raise增加，提高;
B. add加;
C. take 拿来;
D. keep保留。
不难发现，句子中“___the minimum wage”与前面的短语“support job training program提供就业培训项目”和后面的短语“fund more low-cost housing 资助更多低收入家庭”是并列关系，是政府为无家可归者提供的服务。由此提供信息确定选择“提高”之意。选项A. raise增加，提高，“提高最低工资标准”，符合句子含义;选项B. add加，该词指数量的增加，不符合句子含义;选项C. take 拿来，该词不能与“最低工资标准”连用;选项D. keep保留，“保留最低工资标准”，虽然这个短语意义完整，但是不能与前后的政府帮助无家可归者的举动构成并列。因此，正确答案为A。
5. 语意辨析题本题目选择副词，在句子中限定范围。句子叙述到_____everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. “…每个人同意美国无家可归者的数量。”
选项A. generally 一般来说;
B. almost 几乎;选项
C. hardly 几乎不…(常用倒装);
D. not 置于句首表示部分否定，译为“并不是…”。
不难发现，由于本题包含反义选项，而上文又没有提示，因此应先把下一句中的第6、7两题做出，本题的答案才会迎刃而解。第6题所在的语境句意为“人们对此的估计数字从六十万到三百万不等”。而第7题又说“尽管这一数字可能不同，分析家们却在另外一件事情上的确达成了一致意见”。因此，本题答案应选D. Not，本句意思为“关于美国无家可归者的数量，众说不一”。
6. 词汇辨析题句子中的主语、宾语以及介词决定所选择的动词。句子叙述到Estimates ____ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. “估计数字…60万到3百万之间。”
选项A. cover覆盖、包括;
B. change改变、变化;
C. range在某范围中变化;
D. differ不同。
不难发现，句子中要选择动词与“from 600,000 to 3 million”构成搭配，句子提供信息确定选择“在…范围”之意。选项A. cover覆盖、包括，不能与“from…to…”构成搭配;选项B. change改变、变化，该词所指的变化是无规律的变化，当然就不涉及在范围内变化的含义;选项C. range在某范围中变化，符合语句含义;选项D. differ不同，一般组成“differ from…”短语，译为“与…不同”，不符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为C。
7. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。____ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter:…“…(人们估计的)数字不同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的。”
选项A. Now that既然;
B. Although虽然…但是;
C. Provided 假设;
D. Except 除去。
不难发现，本题所在的语境句中，前文中的may vary与后文中的do agree互为反义，确定二者为转折让步关系。因此，正确答案为B，句子译为“虽然(人们估计的)数字不同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的”。
8. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词的现在分词形式，句子中的主语提供信息决定答案。Although the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is______. “虽然(人们估计的)数
字不同，分析家们对另一个问题的意见还是完全一致的：无家可归者的人数正在…。”
选项A. inflating 膨胀;
B. expanding发展、扩张;
C. increasing增加;
D. extending扩充、扩大。
不难发现，句子中“the number of homeless is___”提供信息确定选择“增加，膨胀”之意。选项A. inflating 膨胀，超过既定标准(尤指通货膨胀);选项B. expanding发展、扩张，体积增大;选项C. increasing增加，指数量增加;选项D. extending扩充、扩大，指形状变化、拉伸。因此，正确答案为C。语境句意为“无家可归者的数量一直在增加”。
9. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，句子中的主语、宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到One of the federal government’s studies ____ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. “联邦政府的一项研究…无家可归者的数量在近十年内将会达到大约1900万。”选择动词，主语和宾语提供信息确定答案。
选项A. predicts预测、预计;
B. displays展示;
C. proves证明;
D. discovers发现。
不难发现，句子中“that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade. 无家可归者的数量在近十年内将会达到大约1900万。”“近十年会达到1900万”表达未来的状况，确定选择“预测”之意。因此，正确答案为A。
10. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，句子中的宾语提供信息决定答案。句子叙述到Finding ways to ____ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. “想办法…这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难.”
选项A. assist帮助;
B. track追踪;
C. sustain承受、支持、供养;
D. dismiss解散。
不难发现, 本文前两段提出无家可归者的问题并略加分析，本段开始解决方法的探讨。句子提供信息确定选择“帮助”之意。选项A. assist帮助，“想办法帮助这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，符合句子含义，符合文章中心;选项B. track追踪，，“想办法追踪这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，不符合句子含义;选项C. sustain承受、支持、供养，“想办法支持这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，符合句子含义，但是与上文的内容“政府提供相关计划帮助无家可归者”却没有联系;选项D. dismiss解散，，“想办法帮助这些日益增加的无家可归者这一任务变得非常困难”，符合句子含义，但是与上文的内容“政府提供相关计划帮助无家可归者”却没有联系。因此，正确答案为A。
11. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，体现前后两句的逻辑关系。句子叙述到___when homeless people individuals manage to find a ___that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day ___ the street. “…当无家可归者找到…能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡觉，还是有很多人每天大部分时间…街头。”
选项A. Hence 因此;
B. But 但是;
C. Even即使;
D. Only 仅仅。
不难发现，前、后句子之间体现出让步关系。选项A. Hence 因此，表示因果关系，与本句逻辑关系不
符;选项B. But 但是，表示转折关系，与本句逻辑关系不符;选项C. Even即使，表示让步关系，与本句逻辑关系相符，句子译为“当无家可归者找到地方能提供一日三餐，晚上能睡觉，还是有很多人每天大部分时间流浪街头”;选项D. Only 仅仅，表示递进关系，与本句逻辑关系不符。因此，正确答案为C。
12. 词汇/语法结构辨析题本题目选择名词，同时这个名词由定语从句来修饰。句子叙述到even when homeless people individuals manage to find a ___that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, “即使无家可归者最终能够找到一个…，可以给他们提供一日三餐和夜里睡觉的地方”。
选项A. lodging寄宿处;
B. shelter庇护所、避难所;
C. dwelling住处;
D. house房屋。
不难发现，定语从句“that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night 能够提供一日三餐和晚上睡觉的场所”确定选择“庇护所或避难所”之意。选项A. lodging寄宿处，因为无家可归者人数众多，找到寄宿的地方不合常理;选项B. shelter庇护所、避难所，符合句子含义;C. dwelling住处，指正常的居住场所，显然与无家可归者的景况不符;D. house房屋，显然无家可归者找到正规的居家之房屋不符合常理。因此，正确答案为B。
13. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词的现在分词，在句子中充当宾语补足语。句子叙述到a good number still spend the bulk of each day__ _ the street. “很多人仍然每天大部分时间…街头。”
选项A. searching搜寻;
B. strolling漫步、闲逛;
C. crowing拥挤;
D. wandering游荡、徘徊、流浪。
不难发现，无家可归者是流浪街头的。选项A. searching 搜寻，不符合句子含义;选项B. strolling 漫步、闲逛，指悠闲自在的走，显然不符合句子含义;选项C. crowing 拥挤，该词是不及物动词，不能直接连用名词;选项D. wandering 流浪，符合句子含义。因此，正确答案为D。
14. C 逻辑关系题本题目选择连词，体现句子之间的逻辑关系。句子叙述到Many others,___ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday ___skills needed to turn their lives ___. “其他许多人，…既不吸毒，也没有精神障碍，他们却缺乏使自己生活变…的日常…技巧”选项A. when 当…时候;
B. once一旦;
C. while表示转折关系，意为“尽管”;
D. whereas表示对比关系。
不难发现，句子中“即不吸毒也不饮酒”与“缺乏日常技巧”构成转折关系。因此，正确答案为C。
15. 词汇辨析题本题目选择名词，句子中的宾语名词决定所选择的定语(名词)。句子叙述到simply lack the everyday ___skills needed to turn their lives ___. “就是缺乏让自己生活变…的…技巧”。
选项A. life生活、生命;
B. existence存在;
C. survival生存、存活;
D. maintenance维护、坚持、生活费用。
不难发现，“everyday日常的”提供信息确定是一种生活、生存技巧。尤其是过去分词短语“needed to turn their lives ___.”确定选择“生存”之意。选项A. life skills 生活技巧，指生活中的一些常识或者窍门等，与句子含义不符;选项B. existence skill存在技巧，没有该短语搭配;选项C. survival skill 生存技巧，符合句子含义;选项D. maintenance skills 维护技巧，与句子含义不符。因此，正确答案为C。
16. 固定搭配题本题目选择与turn构成的短语。句子叙述到to turn their lives ___. “使生活变….”不难发现，这里表达“出现转机”之意。选项A. around ,turn around(使)逆转、(使)出现转机;选项B. over ,turn over仔细考虑、移交;选项C. on ,turn on打开开关;选项D. up ,turn up调大、开大、出现。因此，正确答案
为A。
17. 词汇辨析题本题目选择形容词，在句子中充当定语，被修饰的名词决定所选择的定语。Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only there are ___programs that address the many needs of the homeless. “波斯顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过…规划才能解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。”
选项A. complex复杂的;
B. comprehensive综合的、全面的;
C. complementary补充的、互补的;
D. compensating补偿的。
不难发现，句子中空格后面定语从句中的many一词;由于要满足无家可归者的许多要求(many needs of the homeless)，所以这份计划应该是考虑周全、无所不包的。选项A. complex复杂的，“复杂的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”没有直接联系;选项B. comprehensive综合的、全面的，“全面的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”直接关联，符合句子含义;选项C. complementary补充的、互补的，，“互补的的计划”，句子中只提到一种计划，何谈“互补”;选项D. compensating补偿的，，“补偿的计划”与“解决这些无家可归者的各种需求”没有直接联系。因此，正确答案为B。
18. 逻辑关系题本题目选择逻辑关系词，前后两句的逻辑关系决定答案。句子叙述到_____Edward Zlotkowski, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, ____it, “There has to be _____of programs. What we need is a package deal. 像马塞诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任Edward Zlotkowski所…的：“各种项目必须…运行，我们需要的是一揽子计划”。
选项A. So 因此(因果关系，强调结果);
B. Since既然(因果关系);
C. As 正如(引导非限制性定语从句，与前文表示层进关系);
D. Thus 因而(因果关系)。
不难发现，前面句子叙述到Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only there are comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless. “波斯顿环球日报记者克里斯雷迪认为只有通过全面的规划才能解决这些无家可归者的各种需求，这种局面才有可能得到改善。”本句叙述到“像马塞诸塞州本特里学院社区服务部主任Edward Zlotkowski所说的…我们需要的是一揽子计划”。显然二者为层进关系，强调递进。因此，正确答案为C。
19. 词汇辨析题本题目选择动词，在句子中充当谓语动词。句子中的主语和宾语决定所选择的动词。句子叙述到Edward Blotkowsk___ it,“There has to be ___of programs. What we need is a package deal.”提供信息确定选择“表达，说明”之意。选项A. puts口语中和正式场合宣讲是表示“说”;选项B. interprets口译，解释;选项C. assumes认为;选项D. makes 制造。因此，正确答案为A。
20. 词汇辨析题本题目选择名词，句子中的所有格关系决定所选名词。句子叙述到There has to be ___of programs. What we need is a package deal. “各种项目必须…运行，我们需要的是一揽子计划。”
选项A. supervision 监督、管理;
B. manipulation 操作、处理;
C. regulation 管理、调整;
D. coordination协调。
不难发现，句子中“一揽子计划”提供的信息确定选择“协调”之意。选项A. supervision监督、管理，与句子含义不符;选项B. manipulation操作、处理，与句子含义不符;选项C. regulation管理、调整，与句子含义不符;选项D. coordination协调。综合前文中的comprehensive programs that address the many needs of the homeless(应对无家可归者多方面需求的综合性计划)和后文中的a package deal(一揽子交易)，不难选出与此意接近的coordination。因此，正确答案为D。
文章解析：
题目解析：
21.识词题The word “homogenizing”(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means_____.
选项A. identifying识别、认为……等同于、确定;
B. associating 使联合、使发生联系;
C. assimilating 使同化、吸收;
D. monopolizing 独占、垄断。
该题将识别的短语“homogenizing”在文章中定位到第一段首句In spite of “endless talk of difference,”American society is an amazing machine for homogenizing people. 作为识词题，按照“方位论原则”：在识别词汇后面找表示“解释说明，逻辑关系”的表达，或者向前面找平行结构。在词汇前面出现。“In spite of “endless talk of difference,””，表达的是in spite of引起的转折关系。因此，homogenizing应与前文中的difference构成反义，只有 C. assimilating “同化”符合题意。因此答案为C。
22.细节题According to the author, the department stores of the 19th century_____.
选项A. played a role in the spread of popular culture.
在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
B. became intimate shops for common consumers.
成为普通消费者的私人商店。
C. satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.
满足有知识的精英们的需求。
D. owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.
商店的出现是消费文化出现的结果。
因此，正确答案为A. played a role in the spread of popular culture在大众文化传播方面发挥作用。
23.细节题The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S. _____.
选项A. are resistant to homogenization. 拒绝均质化。
B. exert a great influence on American culture.对美国文化施加重大影响。
C. are hardly a threat to the common culture. 对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
D. constitute the majority of the population. 占美国绝大多数人口。
因此，正确答案为C. are hardly a threat to the common culture对公共文化几乎没有威胁。
24.结构题Why are Amold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?
选项A. To prove their popularity around the world.
证明他们在世界的受欢迎程度。
B. To reveal the public’s fear of immigrants.
表明人们对移民的恐惧。
C. To give examples of successful immigrants.
给成功移民举例子。
D. To show the powerful influence of American culture.
表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
因此，正确答案为D. To show the powerful influence of American culture表明美国文化的巨大影响力。
25.主旨题In the author’s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is_____.
选项A. rewarding 有益的B. successful 成功的
C. fruitless 未果的
D. harmful 有害的
因此，正确答案为B. successful 成功的。
题目解析：
26.推断题From the first two paragraphs, we learn that_____.
选项A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’s contribution to the town’s revenue.
居民们否定皇家莎士比亚公司对该镇的税收做出贡献。
B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage.
皇家莎士比亚公司的演员们台上台下都模仿莎士比亚。
C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms.
皇家莎士比亚公司的两个分支机构相处不够融洽。
D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism.
居民在旅游业中收益很少。
可以确定答案为A
27. 推断题It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that_____.
选项A. the sightseers cannot visit the Castle and the Palace separately.
观光者不能单独参观Castle和the Palace。
B. the playgoers spend more money than the sightseers.
看戏的人比观光客花钱要多。
C. the sightseers do more shopping than the playgoers.
观光者比看戏的人购物多。
D. the playgoers go to no other places in town than the theater.
看戏的人除了去剧院之外不会去任何其他地方。
正确答案为B.
28. 识词题By saying “Stratford cries poor traditionally”(Lines 2-3, Paragraph 4), the author implies that_____.
选项A. Stratford cannot afford the expansion projects.
Stratford承担不起扩建计划。
B. Stratford has long been in financial difficulties.
Stratford长期以来一直陷入财务困难。
C. the town is not really short of money.
该镇并不是真的资金短缺。
D. the townsfolk used to be poorly paid.
该镇居民过去收入很低。
因此，正确答案为C。
29.细节题According to the townsfolk, the RSC deserves no subsidy because_____.
选项A. ticket prices can be raised to cover the spending.
可以提高票价来弥补支出。
B. the company is financially ill-managed.
公司财政管理混乱。
C. the behavior of the actors is not socially acceptable.
演员的行为不被社会所接受。
D. the theatre attendance is on the rise.
看戏的人数量在增加。
因此，正确答案为D.
30.推断题From the text we can conclude that the author_____.
选项A. is supportive of both sides. 支持双方。
B. favors the townsfolk’s view. 支持居民的观点。
C. takes a detached attitude. 漠不关心。
D. is sympathetic to the RSC. 对RSC感到同情。
因此，正确答案为D.
文章解析：
题目解析：
31. 结构题The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that_____.
选项A. large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
大型海洋动物面对环境变化很脆弱。
B. small species survived as large animals disappeared.
由于大型动物消失所以小型动物存活下来。
C. large sea animals may face the same threat today.
大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁。
D. Slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones
生长慢的鱼类生存时间比生长快的长。
因此，正确答案为C. large sea animals may face the same threat today. 大型海洋动物可能面对相同的威胁。
32. 细节题We can infer from Dr Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that_____.
选项A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
有些老渔场大型动物的存活量已经减少了90%。
B. there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
现在渔场的数量是15年前的一半
C. the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
新渔场中的捕鱼量只占雨总量的20%。
D. the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
新的渔场中大型食肉类的数量比旧渔场下降的快。
因此，正确答案为A. the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%. 有些老渔场大型动物的存活量已经减少了90%。
33.识词题By saying “these figures are conservative”(Line 1, paragraph 3), Dr Worm means that_____.
选项A. fishing technology has improved rapidly.
捕鱼技术发展很迅速。
B. the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.
实际上捕鱼量比记录的要少。
C. the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
海洋生物群遭受了严重的损失。
D. the data collected so far are out of date.
目前收集的数据过时了。
因此，答案应选D. the data collected so far are out of date. 目前收集的数据过时了。
34. 细节题Dr Myers and other researchers hold that_____.
选项A. people should look for a baseline that can work for a longer time.
人们应该寻找一个能适用较长时间的基准。
B. fisheries should keep the yield below 50% of the biomass.
渔场应该将捕鱼量控制在存活量的50%以下。
C. the ocean biomass should restored its original level.
海洋生物群落应该恢复到原来的水平。
D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations.
人们应该调整捕鱼的基准以适应时时变化的条件。
因此，正确答案为D. people should adjust the fishing baseline to changing situations. 人们应该调整捕鱼的基准以适应时时变化的条件。
35. 细节题The author seems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’_____.
选项A. management efficiency 管理效率
B. biomass level 生物群落水平
C. catch-size limits 捕量限制
D. technological application 技术应用
正确答案为B. biomass level 生物群落水平。
题目解析：
36.结构题By citing the example of poets Wordsworth and Baudelaire, the author intends to show that_____.
选项A. poetry is not as expressive of joy as painting or music.
在表达快乐时，诗歌的表现力不如绘画和音乐。
B. art grows out of both positive and negative feeling.
艺术来自正面和负面的情感。
C. poets today are less skeptical of happiness.
如今的诗人对于幸福少了些怀疑。
D. artists have changed their focus of interest.
艺术家的关注点发生了变化。
正确答案为D. artists have changed their focus of interest. 艺术家的关注点发生了变化。
37. 识词题The word “bummer”(Line 5. paragraph 5) most probably means something_____.
选项A. religious 宗教的B. unpleasant 不快的
C. entertaining 娱乐的
D. commercial 商业的
因此，答案应选B. unpleasant 不快的。
38.细节题In the author’s opinion, advertising_____.
选项A. emerges in the wake of the anti-happy art.
广告随着宣扬不幸的艺术觉醒而出现。
B. is a cause of disappointment for the general public.
广告是普通人失望的原因。
C. replaces the church as a major source of information.
广告取代教堂成为主要的信息来源。
D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself.
广告带来幸福的幻象而不是真正的幸福。
因此，正确答案为D. creates an illusion of happiness rather than happiness itself. 带来幸福的幻象而不是真正的幸福。
39. 推断题We can learn from the last paragraph that the author believes_____.
选项A. happiness more often than not ends in sadness.
幸福时常以悲伤终结。
B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.
那些宣扬不幸的艺术令人不快但是令人有新鲜之感。
C. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.
应该欣赏而不是否认不幸。
D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.
宣扬不幸的艺术在经济繁荣时兴盛起来。
因此，正确答案为B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing. 那些宣扬不幸的艺术令人不快但是令人有新鲜之感。
40. 推断题Which of the following is true of the text?
选项A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery.
宗教曾经发挥提醒人们不幸的功能。
B. Art provides a balance between expectation and reality.
艺术在期待和现实之间提供了一种平衡。
C. People feel disappointed at the realities of morality.
人们对道德的现状感到失望。
D. Mass media are inclined to cover disasters and deaths.
大众传媒倾向与报导灾难和死亡。
选项A. Religion once functioned as a reminder of misery. 宗教曾经发挥提醒人们不幸的功能。这与题意完全相符.
41.答案：[C]
本文通过David William的赌博经历，评述美国社会普遍的赌博现象。本题比较容易。在第一次赌博中，他输了20美元，随后便一发不可收。注意第二段和第三段中数字的递增现象(20→800→……→21,000→72,186)。而在所有选项中，[C]项中的数字5,000正好填补了800与21,000之间的空白，含义也完全吻合上下文。
42.答案：[A]
空格前一段谈到：William的一个朋友帮助他进入一家戒赌中心，并把William的问题通知给赌场;赌场发回来一封禁赌信，并说，William必须提供医学或心理方面的证据证明他进入赌场不会对他的身体健康造成损害，否则，赌场不会再准许他去赌博。后一段的大意是：《华尔街日报》报道了赌场的24条声明，比如“以赌为乐……不要过火”;每张门票上都留有心理咨询的免费电话;然而，明知他赌博成瘾，赌场还故意诱惑他“做违背自己意愿的事情”。空格中应涉及赌场重又引诱William去赌博的内容。选项[A]大意为：赌场继续以强大的攻势诱使William进入赌场，而并没有人察觉他是“禁赌人员”。[A]与上下文完全符合，因此是正确答案。
43.答案：[B]
空格后一段大意为：一份精神障碍方面的专业杂志说，“病态的赌博”是指持续地、复发性地、不可控制地追求突发横财带来的刺激，而不是追求金钱本身。这显然是在分析“病态的赌博”的症状。而上一段谈到赌场诱使William进入赌场，“做违背自己意愿的事情”。选项[B]的意思是：并不清楚究竟是什么在引诱他;从何种意义来说，他的意愿才算不被强制?此项正好符合上下文逻辑。另外，上文最后一句中的lure一词与[B]项中luring相互照应。因此，[B]是答案。
44.答案：[F]
由于本题空格是在段首，因此空格内容与后文关系更为密切。后一句的大意是：在科学或所谓科学的推动下，社会正把曾经认为的性格缺陷或道德缺点重新归类为与身体残疾相似
的个性障碍。选项[F]的大意是：令人担忧的是，社会正在用药物处理越来越多的行为问题，并把意志力薄弱定义为“毒”瘾发作。这两句的结构与内涵非常相似，因此应选[F]为答案。
45.答案：[D]
空格后文说到：44个州有彩票，29个州有赌场，大多数州都不同程度地依赖着赌博业带来的税收。这显然是一种政府行为。涉及政府行为的有[D]和[G]两个选项，而[G]讲的是本文最后才提到的网络赌博，只有[D]符合题意。
ANSWERS
46[参考译文] 我将知识分子定义这种个体：用苏格拉底式的方式思考道德问题，并将此作为自己人生首要责任和人生乐趣。
47[参考译文] 他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：用尽可能明了的方式来展示自己做出决定的推理过程。
48[参考译文] 我之所以把普通科学家排除在外，是因为尽管他的成果可能会有助于解决道德问题，但他承担的任务只不过是研究这些问题的事实方面。
49[参考译文] 但是，他的首要任务并不是考虑支配自己行为的道德规范，就如同不能指望商人专注于探索行业规范一样。
50.[参考译文] 他们可以教得很好，而且不仅仅是为了挣薪水，但他们大多数人却很少或没有对需要进行道德判断的、人的问题进行独立思考。
谋篇分析
根据漫画不难发现，漫画场景一，一位年轻人的脸上写着“贝克汉姆”的名字，眼睛却被蒙上了。漫画场景二，一位理发师给年轻人剪“贝克汉姆”的发型，眼睛也被蒙上了。显然，漫画反映的是“盲目明星崇拜”，即该文章的主题。
根据提纲中的信息1. describe the photos briefly, 本文开头需要一个段落，即描述漫画段。
根据提纲中的信息2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them,引出暗含主题段根据提纲中的信息3. give your point of view. 本篇文章下文要体现出作者的观点以及最后得出的结论。
SAMPLE
How ironic the two pictures are in describing one of the most widespread social phenomena concerning idol adoration! In the first picture, a young man writes the name of Beckham on his face. In the second picture, another young man spends 300 yuan in dealing with his hair to make himself look like Beckham.
The meaning conveyed in the two pictures reveals that in current China some young people are losing themselves due to idol adoration. I am greatly shocked by the enthusiasm for this British football superstar shown by these two young men. Frankly speaking, things of this kind really happen among us. Some people, especially college students, do nothing but concentrate on imitating superstars. This does great harm to their study and growth. If we can’t stop the worsening of this tendency, our own culture will be damaged, and we ourselves will be the ultimate victims.
From my point of view, a lot of measures should be taken to save our losing culture and re-find ourselves. In fact, some measures have already been taken. In my university, campaigns have been launched to educate people to pay more attention to our traditional culture and read more books instead of focusing on our appearances.
As a result, we have witnessed some improvements but still there is a long way to go.