Chapter 1 Bookkeeping:
This lesson will reveal the secret of accounting language. In the previous lessons, we are shown how to tell the business story using the balance sheet and income statement. You are now going to be shown how to enhance the story telling by using the T account. Everything is done the same way as in the last lesson except now the accounts within the balance sheet and income statement will be replaced by drawing a T account for each account. When a transaction occurs, the change in the affected accounts is shown using the T account. Here is the procedure: There are 3 steps whenever a transaction occurs: Step 1 is to determine which accounts are going to be affected; Step 2 is to determine whether the affected accounts are going to increase or decrease as a result of the transaction; Step 3 is to use this specific T account to indicate the increase or decrease in each account. In the previous lessons, we were shown how to complete steps 1 and 2. Now it'll be shown how to complete step 3. In order to use T accounts, the following must be memorized. Imagine the balance sheet and its two halves: from the center moving outside towards the outsides means to increase. From the outside moving inward towards the center means to decrease. With these rules, T accounts can now be used to show how an account increases or decreases a particular T account. If we want to show that a T account on the assets side is going to increase by 10, we'll write 10 on the left side of the T account. It's written on the left side because the left side is on the increase side. If we want to show a T account on the liabilities side is going to increase by 10, we'll write 10 on the right side of the T account. It's written on the right side because the right side is on the increase side. Now if we want to show a specific asset account is to decrease by 5, we will write 5 on the right side of the T. It's written on the right side because the right side is on the decrease side. If we want to show an equity account is to decrease by 5, we will write 5 on the left side of the T. It's written on the left side because the left side is on the decrease side.
Now what about the income statement? The income statement follows the same rules. Imagine the income statement is a part of the equity section of the balance sheet. Therefore, the income statement increases as you move from left to right just as the right side of the balance sheet does. Any number on the left side of the T account that is in the income statement will decrease net income. Any number on the
right side of the T account on the income statement will increase income. If we want to show a revenue of 10 on the income statement, we will write 10 on the right side of the revenue T account. It's written on the right side because the right side is on the increase side. If we want to show an expense of 5, we will write 5 on the left side of the expense T account. It's written on the left side because the left side is on the decrease side.
So as a review, the following must be memorized to use T accounts. From the center moving outward means increase; from outside of the balance sheet moving towards the middle means decrease. The income statement increases from left to right. To increase or decrease a T account, you must write a number on the left or right side of the T depending on where the account is on the balance sheet or the income statement.
Once again, there are 3 steps to use the T account to tell the story of a business whenever a transaction occurs. Step 1 is to determine which accounts are going to be affected; Step 2 is to determine whether the affected accounts are going to increase or decrease as a result of the transaction; Step 3 is to use this specific T account to indicate the increase or decrease in each account.
Finally here is the secret of accounting. Memorize the secret. Simply replace the word left with debit and right with credit. Forget everything you know about these words debit and credit and simply see them as meaning left and right. Notice the following examples. If we want to increase the asset account by 10, we put a debit of 10, debit means left, the left side means increase for this account. If we want to increase the liability account by 10, we put a credit of 10, credit means right, the right side means increase for this account. If we want to decrease the asset account by 10, we put a credit of 10, credit means right, the right side means decrease for this account. If we want to decrease the equity account by 10, we put a debit of 10, debit means left, the left side means decrease for this account. If we want to increase the revenue account by 10, we put a credit of 10, credit means right, the right side means increase for this account. If we want to decrease income by 5 by adding to an expense account, we put a debit of 5, debit means left, the left side means decreasing income. So to review this secret,left means debit, right means credit. You must not try to associate any other meanings to the words debit and credit. Don't think
of debit cards at a bank or credit to your grade. Only think of them as meaning left and right. If you keep all the rules in mind, using T account to tell the story of a business becomes very simple. It just requires practice like any other language learning does.
Chapter 2
Let’s start to discuss financial accounting with a definition. Financial accounting is a process of three things: identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information to permit informed decisions by users of that information. Now I have italicized informed decision in that definition because I want to draw your attention to that. The purpose of accounting is not to confuse, not to obfuscate, not to mislead. The purpose of accounting, financial accounting is to permit informed decisions. Accounting is simply capturing and communicating economic activity that has occurred for an entity, whether that entity be a business, a governmental entity, any type of business. We want to inform you of that information. So we must do the three things in the definition. We must identify economic information that needs to be reported; we must measure that economic data or that economic phenomena or activity or transactions in order to capture it for disclosure; then we must communicate that information to interested parties. This can be very difficult.
First of all, it can be difficult to identify transactions that occur within an entity. And then it can be very difficult to measure the impact or a transaction that has occurred. Again, the economic activity can be extremely complicated. And it can be difficult to measure accurately and well and meaningfully that economic transaction. Then it can be difficult to communicate that information in a manner that makes sense to those who have some accounting knowledge but are not trained as accountants. So we have to make sure that we communicate in a manner that allows users to become informed about an entity.
In particular, financial accounting has three objectives. That is to identify, measure, and communicate information, accounting information, we want to make three objectives. The first objective is that we want to make that information to be useful in making investment and credit decisions. That makes sense if an entity wants to raise money by issuing stocks to investors. Then we need information to allow those investors to make decisions about their investment. Do you want to invest in a company? Well, you might want to look at their earnings. You might look
at their balance sheet. Perhaps you are interested in receiving dividends on your investment. You would look at their dividend payout over the last few years compared to their earnings. Whatever the investment decision is, you want to provide information useful in making that decision. Credit decision is the same way. Companies borrow money all the time. As we’ll see a little bit later, a company’s assets are either generated by investment or liabilities by creditors. So what do you want to know if you are making a credit decision? Well, can they pay the money back? So you might look at their earnings again. Or you might look at their current interest expense to see if they have a lot of interest expense that they may not be able to pay extra interest expense. You might look at their levels of liabilities in order to determine what interest you might charge—the riskier the company, the higher the interest rate. So the information from the accounting standpoint is supposed to help you make those investment and credit decisions in an entity.
The second objective is that we want to have information that is useful in assessing the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows. Now, accounting is all about giving an indication about cash flows. Sometimes, accounting is criticized because those earnings are not in a cash basis, a lot of noncash items in a company’s net income. So, you can not equate net income with net cash inflow. That’s ok. The ultimate goal is, we’ll see this later in these foundations and in this accounting course. What accounting tries to do is to give an indication and understanding of the amount, timing, and uncertainty of future cash flows because ultimately if a company can not generate cash, then it can not stay in business regardless of what its accounting says. So we are trying to provide that information. As you begin to understand accounting, I believe you’ll begin to understand how we meet that objective in providing information for cash flows.
Now a third objective of financial accounting is to provide information that you can use to assess a company’s resources, claims against those resources, and changes in them. Well, a company is no more than resources and claims against those resources. When we say we work for a public company like coke cola, what is coke cola other than what we call an academia, an nixes of contracts, a group of people that are working for a common cause for entities that own certain assets, well, the investors, the owners own those, but they use them and claim against those assets by the owners and the creditors. So a company is really nothing more than its resources and claims against those resources by the investors and creditors. So we certainly want to make sure that
you can understand those resources and those claims against them and how they change over time. That is why you see in any financial statement at least two years of data so that you can calculate changes in a company’s resources and claims against them.
Now in order to meet those three objectives, to provide information useful in investment and credit decisions, to help you understand cash flows, and to help you understand a company’s resources and claims against them, financial accounting or companies using financial accounting to produce full financial statements, these financial statements are as follows: balance sheet, income statement, statement of cash flows and statement of stockholders’ equity. those are the four major financial statements that all publicly traded companies and all companies in general that are owned by stockholders or owned by owners will have to get to their users or interested parties so that they can understand what happens or what has happened for a company. In addition to those four financial statements, you’ll also see for publicly traded companies footnotes to those statements and what we have here in MD&A, management discussion and analysis. The footnotes are additional explanations or additional disclosures beyond the financial statements. Management discussion and analysis is just what it sounds like, a discussion and analysis of the financial statements. So these four financial statements and MD&A and footnotes provide this information for investment, credit decisions, cash flows, and resources and claims against them. What we’ll do in this segment in the futu re in this material is look at each of these four financial statements. We won’t spend much time on footnotes and MD&A because they are beyond the scope of these foundation materials. But we’ll learn how to read each of those four financial statements.
So financial accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, and communicating economic information through the four financial statements to permit investment, credit decisions, understanding of cash flows, and understanding of a company’s resources. Th at is what financial accounting is and hopefully you’ll see its benefits as we move through these materials. (Summary)
Chapter 3 When financial statements lie(Focus on cash flows)
Many people concentrate on growing sales and having good profits on the financial statements, because after all, profit is the number
everybody was eyeing on, that is the number the analysts for publicly traded companies were looking. But a company could be growing too fast, and even though on the book … is showing some handso me profit, but the company could be forced [into] bankruptcy, if the sales that they made were on credit. They don’t collect money upfront. The accounting, financial statement will record that as sales as it occurs, whether the money has been collected fro m the customers; if it’s not, it will be account receivable on the balance sheet. So the accounts receivable, if they are not collected very quickly, for example, it takes you 60 days to collect that from your customers, but you have to pay your supplier in 30 days, you’ll have to your labor, you have to pay your production costs, everything sooner than you collect your money from your customers. At the same time, if there is a credit crunch, when banks are not going to lend you money to help you go through this transition period, you might be forced into bankruptcy even though your books can look very impressive and have some handsome profits.
Chapter 4：Transcript to interview with Carson Block
I-Interviewer B-Carson Block
I: when you look at Chinese companies, what are the red flags?
B: well, you can have different categories of red flags. Some companies, in a way, fake transparency. So their filings are chock full of information, but it is just the wrong kind of information, it’s information that…it’s n ot really what we call crunchy, that you can sink your teeth into. So, you have to look for key information. So if they don’t tell you who their customers are, if they don’t give you that much information on their suppliers, but it’s just a lot of general information about the way the industry works, and other places, that’s a red flag.
I: now why should investors trust you, when you are shorting the stock, to be telling the truth about these companies?
B: well, for one thing, I don’t know of any NGOs or charities that are doing equity research. Everybody has a stake in the game somehow. Now, the traditional model of equity research is investment banking married to equity research, the conflicts there are similar to my conflicts except the banks, are incentivized to be positive on those companies.
I: why is it that some guy with a small team in China has caught fraud and problems with Chinese companies that the big-time auditors had missed?
B: well, auditors are not historically looking for business frauds, they might be looking for aggressive accounting, maybe even looking for
accounting fraud, but they are not trained to look for situations in which 90% of the business actually does not exist. So they are looking at pieces of paper. And I think in a lot of cases, with China in particular, they are looking to make sure that the PRC GAAP is correctly translated in US or IFRS, as opposed to looking at the factory, making sure the factory production numbers are correctly translated into any financial statement.
I: let’s talk for a second about the very very big picture for these companies you found problems with. Where does the blame really lie? Is it the company’s fault? Is it their auditor’s fault? Is it greedy stockholders in the US who are desperate to find good returns and are not doing their homework? Is it regulators? Who is really to blame for these problems? B: well, obviously, the person who is committing the fraud deserves the most blame. Secondarily, I think that there is a problem with the professional services sector that brings these companies to market—the bankers, the analysts, the lawyers, and the accountants, because right now the way it is set up is, …it’s like a hot potato of blame, they can all throw the hot potato to somebody else, and say “that company, or that role should have caught the fraud.” But at the end of the day, it seems like it is nobody’s responsibility.And that’s a problem.
Chapter 5：Analysis: Media React to Facebook IPO Thinking about investing in Facebook? You may want to reconsider. The company has filed its IPO, but …
It will still be a few months before Facebook stock hits the open market. And so far, many in the media don’t like what they see. CNET reports.
“… how much growth potential is there in a company that already has 845 million users, per its filing? I don't doubt the company will be successful for a long time, but I suspect the days of hockey-stick growth are over. A wise man tells me often that you only make money by not doing what everyone else is doing.Even if I could invest in Facebook, something tells me it would only disappoint.”
According to Facebook’s SEC filings, 85 percent of the company’s revenue comes from ad sales. On WebProNews, an analyst points out – some of those numbers are troubling investors.
“They have 845 million average monthly average users. Of that, 450
million are mobile users. The thing is –right now they don’t have any revenue from their mobile base and that base is increasing.”
A former social media CEO explains to Al Jazeera –when start-ups go public – it is the end of true innovative risk-taking.
“When you’re private you can get away with anything, you can build your business, you can make radical shifts. Mark has been adamant about making radical shifts and iterating and improving Facebook. I think once they’re public…” (FLASH :48-51) “If your stock dips at any point you may get burned and start taking fewer risks.”
But CNBC’s Jim Cramer sees a lot of potential in Facebook stock, noting the company has big momentum right now.
“Facebook at the right price could be the deal of the century. Now when I mention that, think of Google at the right price.”
Still thinking about investing? Gizmodo explains, IPOs are not a democratic process and there’s a long, long line ahead o f you.
“…in a big IPO, institutional investors(团体投资人) typically nab up to 90% of shares before Joe Investor can get involved. And chances are, there are plenty of Joe Investors with bigger wallets and better ins than you and I have. Shares will be available eventually, of course. Just as soon as the stock's risen enough that the big dogs feel comfortable cashing out.”
Introduction to the final exam:
There are 5 sections. About 30% of questions are from chapters 1-3, and the remaining from chapters 4-5.
The sections include:
1.T or F questions. There will be 10 statements and you shall decide if
they are true or false. 20%
2.Match the terms and concepts with their definition. There will be 10
concepts and 10 definitions. 20%
3.Choose appropriate words to fill in blanks. There will be 10 blanks and
10 given words. 20%
4.application of knowledge: this part is mainly related to chapters 3 and
4. 20%
5.reading: there will be one article and 10 questions based on the
article. 20%
Introduction to the final exam:
There are 5 sections. About 30% of questions are from chapters 1-3, and the remaining from chapters 4-5.
The sections include:
6.T or F questions. There will be 10 statements and you shall decide if
they are true or false. 20%
7.Match the terms and concepts with their definition. There will be 10
concepts and 10 definitions. 20%
8.Choose appropriate words to fill in blanks. There will be 10 blanks and
10 given words. 20%
9.application of knowledge: this part is mainly related to chapters 3 and
4. 20%
10.r eading: there will be one article and 10 questions based on the
article. 20%
北外英语学院语言学专业414高分经验 曾经得到许多人的帮助，首先要感谢他们无私的支持.我的梦想终于实现了，初试成绩414，复试成绩86。除了高兴以外，更多的是对给与我力量和鼓励的所有人的感谢！我在前人栽的树下乘过凉，现在希望自己也能种上一棵小树，为后来的人带来一片荫凉. 我考的是英语学院的语言学 初试： 前辈们写过很多有关初试的帖子，如何复习各门功课，每个人都有各自不同的学习方法，最主要的是找到一个适合自己的方法，还有就是要脚踏实地，不能浮躁。在此。我写的也仅仅是我自己的看法，仅供借鉴。 基础英语的复习，以前我听人家说经济学家很好，于是我就买来一大堆，天天啃，但是说实话，还真是相当痛苦，而且效果不明显，因为我对经济方面的东西一点都不感兴趣，而且经济学家的经济类词汇量很大，几乎每次阅读的时候都是在锻炼我文曲星上的键盘，那是锻炼我自己啊？！后来我看了几天就放弃了，转而看些别的英文杂志，本人觉得《英语文摘》比较不错，我有订去年一年的《英语文摘》，当然这个月刊肯定是不够摄入量的，另外还会看些《中国日报》，《英语学习》，《21世纪》什么的。《21世纪》比较简单，纯当娱乐了。除了阅读以外，翻译的练习也很重要，我买了张培基的散文，还有八级的翻译题，每天都做一段，然后拿自己的译文跟他们的译文相比较，自己的译文不一定必须跟参考答案的一样，有时候你甚至会发现自己的译文比参考译文更好，当然，自己不如参考译文的地方便是应该学习、提高的地方。另外，我自己还经常温习备考专业八级时候用的八级词汇册，不知道有没有用，就是当个心理安慰，背单词最多还是在阅读的时候，碰到了不认识的就尽量背下来。 语言学的复习，我觉得仅仅看参考书目是不够的，不管是谁写的书，如果有时间的话，最好都买来看看，虽然讲的都是入门的知识，但是每本书都会从不同的角度来解释同一个理论或是知识，这样就加深了理解，所以说，不用背的，如果踏踏实实看完5、6本语言学方面的书的话，不记住都难了。当然，有的书跟别的书写的是一模一样的，也搞不清是谁抄了谁的，所以在买书的时候要先好好过滤。 日语的复习，基本上是把握住了标准日本语的前三本就够了，我也曾经老老实实地把初级和中级那四本书学完了，但是到复习的时候，我的第四本日语书都不知道被我扔到哪个爪哇国去了。所以学的都是前三本的知识，觉得是够用了的。我用的是旧版的标准日本语，其实新版和旧版的都一样，新版的单词量比较大一点，但是知识点基本上跟旧版的是一样的。另外，我觉得做日语题也是比较重要的，不然学到的知识很容易忘掉。刚开始学的时候，做的是跟标日配套的练习册，到了后期做的是日语二级题。北外历年的日语试题的难度跟国际日语考试的二级水平差不多，这是分析 真题得出的结论。 所以说真题的利用非常重要，要尽量熟悉真题，在复习的过程中才能有个大致的方向，有时候，学着学着，可能会觉得很茫然，这时候就应该看看真题了。到后期的时候，真题显得更重要了，不管之前是不是已经做过，每年的卷子都要掐时
China’s economy performed better than expected in the third quarter and the country’s debt risks are under control, Premier Li Keqiang said on T uesday. "China’s economy in the third quarter not only extended growth momentum(势头，动量，动力) in the first half but showed many positive changes," Li said in the speech in Macau that was broadcast live on state television. Key indicators such as factory output, company profits and investment have rebounded, he said, ahead of China’s release of third-quarter gross domestic product (GDP) data on Oct. 19. More than 10 million new urban jobs were created in the first nine months, with the survey-based jobless rate falling below 5 percent in September, he said, while acknowledging that the economy still faces downward pressure. China will be able to achieve its main economic targets this year and maintain medium- to high-speed growth, he said. The government is aiming for annual economic growth of 6.5-7 percent in 2016, compared with 6.9 percent in 2015, the slowest expansion（膨胀，阐述）in a quarter of a century. Despite a rocky start to the year and stubbornly weak exports, China’s economy grew 6.7 percent in the first half, buoyed（支撑，鼓励）by higher government infrastructure（基础设施，公共建设）spending and a housing market frenzy（狂怒）which is beginning to raise fears of overheating. HSBC expects a similar rate of expansion in third quarter. Wall Street Journal survey economists and they a re concerned about China’s housing bubble Stimulus measures appear to have stabilized China’s economy over the past few months, but the government now faces a resulting housing bubble（泡沫）that it needs to contain without choking off（堵塞）growth, economists say. Both consumer and industrial prices seem to be gaining strength. The consumer price index likely rose 1.7% from a year earlier, quickening from a 1.3% year-over-year growth in August, the survey showed. Many economists polled expect China’s prolonged（拖延的，持续很久的）industrial deflation （通货紧缩）may finally come to an end this year. The country’s trade surplus likely remained sizable（相当大的）, helping to offset（抵消、补偿）impact from capital outflows（流出额）.
[00:00.00]Lesson Fifteen[00:02.69]Section One:[00:04.73]Dialogue [00:05.77]Dialogue 1:[00:09.17]--What flights are there from London to Vienna tomorrow? [00:11.91]--If you'd like to take a seat, I'll find out for you.[00:14.08]--I'd like to travel first class, please. [00:15.70]--BEA Flight BE 502 takes off from Heathrow at 0925, and flies direct. [00:22.26]--What time have I got to get there? [00:24.63]--You'll have to be at West London Air Terminal by 0810 at the latest. [00:30.01]Dialogue 2:[00:33.88]--Another piece of meat pie?[00:35.71]--No, thanks, really. I'm on a diet. [00:38.06]--Please do. You've hardly eaten anything.[00:40.20]--It's delicious, but I don' think I ought to. [00:44.33]Dialogue 3:[00:48.64]--How about a nice cup of tea before you go?[00:50.73]--Yes, I'd love one. [00:52.01]--How doyou like it?[00:52.98]--A strong one with three spoons for me, please, [00:56.66]Dialogue 4:[01:01.15]--What are you going to have to drink?[01:04.55]--I'd like something cool. [01:06.48]--Would you care for some cake?[01:08.13]--Yes, I'll try a piece of cheese cake. [01:10.09]--It certainly looks tempting. I wouldn't mind some myself. [01:16.20]Dialogue 5:[01:20.64]--Have you chosen something, sir?[01:23.33]--Yes, I think I'll have the curry, please.[01:26.33]--What would you like afterwards?[01:28.16]--I'd like some fruit if you have any. [01:33.07]Dialogue 6:[01:36.16]--Would you like a cigarette?[01:38.93]--No, thanks. I'm trying to cut down. [01:40.88]--Go on. I owe you one from yesterday.[01:43.68]--OK, but next time you must have one of mine. [01:49.56]Dialogue 7:[01:53.63]--I wonder if you could help me---I'm looking for a room. [01:56.56]--I have got a vacancy, yes.[01:58.60]--What sort of price are you asking? [02:00.35]--Eight pounds fifty a week excluding laundry.[02:03.12]--Would it be convenient to see the room? [02:04.81]---Can you call back later? We're right in the middle of lunch. [02:11.58]Dialogue 8:[02:13.75]--Will Dr. Black be able to see me at about 9.15 tomorrow? [02:18.19]--Sorry, but he's fully booked till eleven unless there's a cancellaion. [02:21.14]--Would ten to one be convenient?[02:22.92]--Yes, he's free then. [02:27.88]Dialogue 9:[02:30.78]---Can you fix me up with a part-time job?[02:32.79]--Anything in particular that appeals to you?[02:35.09]--I was rather hoping to find something in a school.[02:37.68]--Have you done that kind of thing before?[02:39.53]--Yes, I was doing the same job last summer.[02:41.78]--I might be able to help you, but I'd need references. [02:51.15]Section Two:[02:53.43]A. Quick Lunch:[02:56.80]Waitress: A table for one, sir?[02:58.57]Mr. Radford: Yes, please.[02:59.54]Waitress: Are you having the set lunch?[03:01.11]Mr. Radford: Yes.[03:01.92]Waitress: What would you like to start with?[03:03.35]Mr. Radford: What's the soup of the day?[03:04.76]Waitress: Mushroom.[03:05.73]Mr. Radford: Yes, please. I'll have that.[03:07.12]Waitress: And for your main course? [03:08.81]Mr. Radford: The plaice, I think, and apple tart to follow.[03:11.48]Waitress: Would you like something to drink with your meal[03:13.88]Mr. Radford: Yes. A lager please.03:16.05]Waitress: Thank you.[03:20.28]B Dinner:[03:24.17]Waiter: Good afternoon.[03:26.32]Mr. Blackmore: Good afternoon. I have a table for two under the name of Blackmore.[03:29.58]Waiter: Yes, sir. Would you like to come this way?[03:32.40]Mr. Blackmore: Thank you.[03:33.29]Waiter: Can I take your coat, madam?[03:35.01]Mrs. Blackmore: Thank you. [03:35.90]Waiter: Will this table do for you?[03:38.12]Mr. Blaclcmore: That will be fine, thanks. [03:39.12]Waiter: Would you like a drink before your meal?[03:41.36]Mrs. Blaclcmore: Yes. A dry sherry, please. [03:43.32]Mr. Blackmore: Half of bitter for me.[03:44.76]Waiter: Are you ready to order? [03:47.55]Mr. Blackmore: Yes, I think so.[03:49.02]Waiter: What would you like for starters, madam? [03:50.77]Mrs. Blackmore: I can't decide. What do you recommend? []Waiter: Well, the prawns are always popular. The pate is very good...[]Mrs. Blackmore: The prawns then please, for me.[03:59.37]Waiter: And for you, sir?[04:00.15]Mr. Blackmore: I think Vii try the soup. [04:01.64]Waiter: Very good, sir. And to follow?[04:04.38]Mrs. Blackmore: Rack of lamb, I think. [04:06.58]Waiter: And for you, sir?[04:08.72]Mr. Blackmore: I'll have the steak. [04:10.34]Waiter: How would you like your steak done, sir?[04:12.72]Mr. Blackmore: Medium rare, please. [04:13.92]Waiter: Thank you. Would you like to see the wine list?[03]Mr. Blackmore: Do you have a house wine? [04:19.04]Waiter: Yes, sir. Red or white?[04:21.34]Mr. Blackmore: Do you have half bottles or half carafes? [04:23.98]Waiter: Yes, sir.[04:24.58]Mr. Blackmore: One of each then, please. [04:29.12]C. Interview: [04:33.30]Reporter: Now, Susan. You've had a few minutes to rest. [04:37.64]Can you tell us something about yourself?. How old are you and what do you do? [04:41.53]Susan: I'm twenty-two and I'm a bus conductress. [04:44.06]Reporter: A bus conductress! So you're used to collecting money.Who taught you to cycle? [04:50.70]Susan: Nobody. I taught myself. I've been cycling since I was five. [04:54.85]Reporter: And who bought that beautiful racing cycle for you? [04:58.04]Susan: I bought it myself. I worked over-time. [05:00.44]Reporter: Good for you! And what are you going to do now? [05:03.26]Susan: Now? If you mean this minute, I'm going to have a long hot bath. [05:07.86]Reporter: You must need to relax. Again, congratulations. [05:11.70]That was Susan James, winner of this year's London to Brighton cycle race. [05:21.08]D. Why can't I do what I like? [05:26.72]I hope I never grow old! My grandfather lives with us and he's making my life a misery. [05:34.85]When I was small he was kind and cheerful. [05:38.37]But now he's always complaining and criticising. [05:42.29]I mustn't interrupt when he's talking. It's rude. [05:45.32]He doesn't like my clothes. 'Nice girls'don't dress like that. [05:50.28]I shouldn't wear make-up. 'Natural beauty is best. [05:54.65]Sometimes he interferes with my homework. [05:57.91]When I was young we used to do maths differently,he says. [06:02.87]Honestly, he's so old he doesn't know anything. [06:06.69]But that doesn't stop him criticising me. [06:09.67]He doesn't like my friends or my favorite records. [06:12.96]'You're making too much noise,' he calls. 'I can't get to sleep. [06:17.74]When he's not complaining he's asking questions. 'Where are you going? Where have you been? [06:24.30]Why aren't you helping your mother?' He thinks Ym six, not sixteen. [06:29.60]Anyway, why can't I do what I like? It's my life, not his. [06:40.62]Section Three:[06:44.31]Dictation.[06:47.86]Philip is a very interesting boy. He is clever but he doesn't like school.[07:01.52]He hates study ing but he is very keen on learning new practical skills.[07:11.68]In his spare time he often repairs motorbikes.
精心整理 Whatsportsandotheractivitiesdoyouparticipatein?Whatkindsoffoodsdoyoueat?Whatkindofpe opledoyouspendtimewith?Youranswerstotheseandsimilarquestionsreflectyourtotalhealth.He alth is acombinationofphysical,mental/emotional,andsocialwell-being.Thesepartsofyourhea lthworktogethertobuildgoodoverallhealth. 你参加过什么体育活动和其他活动吗？你吃什么食物？你和什么样的人在一起？你对这些问题或者类似的问题的回答反映出了你整体的健康状况。健康是身体、心里和社会安宁感的集合。这些健康的部分结合起来搭建了一个完整的健康体系。 通常，觉更好， t 身体须要远离有害的物质像烟草、酒精和其他毒品。他们用体育运动的时间去平衡他们看电视或玩电脑游戏的时间。体育运动包括做特殊的运动，远足，健身操，游泳，跳舞和做一份工作。通过远离有害物质和坚持体育运动，你可以保持身体健康。另外一种说法就是，要想身体健康就要多运动。 Doyoufeelgoodaboutwhoyouare?Doyouknowhowtohandlestressfulsituations?Doyouhaveapositiv eattitudeaboutlife?Youranswerstothesequestionswilltellyousomethingaboutyourmental/emo tionalhealth.Mental/emotionalhealthismeasuredbythewayyouthinkandexpressyourfeelings.Y oucandevelopgoodmental/emotionalhealthbylearningtothinkpositivelyandtoexpressyourfeel ingsinhealthyways.Positivethinkingisagoodstrategytousewhenyouarefeelingsadordown.Tryf ocusingyourattentiononallofthegoodthingsinyourlife,suchasyourfriends,family,andactivi tiesyouenjoy.Thenthecauseofyoursadnessmightnotseemsobad.Likewise,recognizingandbuildi
2020年北京外国语大学英语翻译硕士考研择校分析、参考书、复习规划 北京外国语大学有三个学院招生： 1、高翻（口译） 2、英语学院（笔译和口译）（★口译2016年刚开设） 3、专用英语学院（笔译）（★2016年新开设） 这三个学院，初试考的都是一样的，总体北外招生人数扩招了，英语学院新增了英语口译，笔译新开设了专用英语学院。专用英语学院2018年没有招满还有3个调剂名额。 北京外国语大学总分走的是国家线，但是对于两门专业课有单独的划线，总分过，同时达到院校单独的划线标准才能进复试，这对于考生的基础要求较高。三所学院划线标准不同。值得注意的是三个学院初试一样，只是复试和课程设置不同，从竞争激烈程度来看依次是高翻，英院和专用英语学院。 北外是初试复试都涉及到对于二外考察的院校，对于二外也有单独划线，标注较高，建议没有二外基础或者二外较弱的考生慎考。建议本科重点院校本专业的考生报考。 报考数据汇总
复习规划 第一阶段（适应期）4月到6月（大三下学期开始） 1. 开始阅读理论书籍，了解简明英语的特点。同时，用三级笔译教材作为练习材料。每天翻译1小时左右，自我总结0.5小时。 2. 开始阅读外刊，如经济学人或金融时报，每天保持1小时阅读时间。这个阶段更多还是培养外刊阅读的习惯。 第二阶段（过渡期）7月到9月上旬（大四上学期） 1.利用暑假时间，开始复习之前看过书籍中提及的理论部分，并且回看之前三笔练习中自我总结的部分。 2.做二级笔译教材练习，同时开始尝试北外真题，每两周1次，主要是了解风格，出题特点，暑期完成4套左右即可。 3.整理百科、词条、写作的资料与素材，为下阶段的背诵记忆打好基础。 4.继续保证每天一小时左右的外刊阅读时间。这个阶段需要通过外刊来提升阅读理解能力。新祥旭一对一辅导课程帮你制定完整复习计划。 第三阶段（巩固期）9月中旬开始到12月上旬 1.继续完成剩余部分的真题，大约6套左右。每周完成一套，其余时间可以用剩余的二笔教材或真题辅助练习。不要只求量，要多反思，多总结。每天练习2小时，反思1小时左右。 2.针对基础英语的各题型，利用专业八级的辅导书籍，每天完成一定练习，查漏补缺。每天3小时左右。 3.背诵百科、词条、写作素材，同时开始做政治选择题。 第四阶段（冲刺期）考前两周左右 1.这个阶段不适合做新题，以复习之前的互译笔译为主，每天可以练一小段翻译，保持手感。 2.对于基础英语这门，也是主要以回顾之前的题目为主，个别弱项可以每天做一些练习。 3.重点背诵百科、词条。写几篇大作文，几篇小作文。并且重点要背诵政治大题。 参考书目及看书建议 《中式英语之鉴》，Joan Pinkham、姜桂华著，2000，外语教学与研究出版社。《英汉翻译简明教程》，庄绎传著，2002，外语教学与研究出版社 《高级英汉翻译理论与实践》，叶子南著，2001，清华大学出版社 《非文学翻译理论与实践》，罗进德主编，2004，中国对外翻译出版公司 《非文学翻译》，李长栓著，2009，外语教学与研究出版社出版 《非文学翻译理论与实践》，李长栓著，中国对外翻译出版公司 《汉语写作与百科知识》，李国正主编，天津科技翻译出版有限公司 【北外百科知识很少考查自然科技和翻译理论等方面的知识，主要是文学、哲学和时政为主。备考中建议大家有重点方向的去备考。 二外参考用书
A a necessary evil 不可避免的弊端/ 灾难 a panel of experts 专家组 access information 访问信息/咨询accounts payable 应付账款 accrual basis accounting 责权发生 制 active trader 活跃交易者 address an issue 解决一个问题adoption theory 采用理论 Adverse Opinion 否定意见的审计报告 advisory firms 咨询公司 Agence France-Presse 法国新闻社，法新社 American Express 美国运通卡annual meeting 年会 argue against 不赞成 argue for 赞成，支持 as such 依其身份，资格或名义等ask price 卖方开价，卖出价assembly line 装配线，生产线assets of longer maturity 长期资产Associated Press（AP) 美国联合通讯社，美联社assurance services 保证服务 at maturity 到期 auction exchange 拍卖交易所 auction portals 拍卖门户网站 auction sites 拍卖网站 B balance sheet 资产负债表 balance budgets 平衡预算 banking relationships 银行关系 bar code 条形码 Basis for Qualification 保留意见依 据 basis point 基点 bear markets 熊市 beneficiary information 受款人资料 bid price 递价，出价，标价，买入 价 big boy 大人物，大亨 binding commitments 约定承诺 birth rates 出生率 blue chip stocks 蓝筹股 BNP Paribas Investment Partners 法 国百利达基金 board of directors 董事会 Board of Governors 董事会，理事会 boom and bust 经济繁荣与萧条的 交替循环 bottom line 账本底线 bound rates 约定税率 Brettom Woods Agreement 布雷顿 森林协定 BT system 营业税体系 BT/V A T reform 营改增 budget deficits 预算赤字 bull run 股市活跃期 Bureau of Economic Analysis （美 国）经济分析局 bursting asset 破裂资产 business academic 工商学者 business cycles 经济周期 business darwinism 商业达尔文主 义 business relationships 业务关系 business requirements 企业需求，业 务需求 by the same token 出于同样原因 by the second 随着一秒钟的流逝 C C corporation 普通公司 call risk 回购风险，赎回风险 capital appreciation 资本增值，资本 升值 capital inflow（outflow）资金流入 （外流） Capital IQ 标准普尔旗下部门 capture information 俘获信息，采集 信息 card reader 读卡机 carousel fraud 旋转木马的欺诈 cascade effect 连带效应 cash basis 收付实现制 cash flows 现金流量 cell phone 手机 central banks 中央银行 central planning 中央计划经济 chain of command 指挥系统，管理 系统 change friendly 对改变持友好态度 的 change hands 转手，卖，交易 checkable deposits 支票存款 Christian democrats 基督教民主党 人 circuit breaker 回路切断器 CIRRUS ATM cards 网络万事达取 款机卡 civil service 文职，行政事务 classical economics 古典经济学
励志英语文章及翻译 如果我们能够时常找一些带翻译的经典励志的英语文章来看看，也是挺好的，那么励志英语文章及翻译都有哪些呢?一起来看看吧。 To see the golden sun and the azure sky, the outstretched ocean, to walk upon the green earth, and to be lord of a thousand creatures, to look down giddy precipices or over distant flowery vales, to see the world spread out under one s finger in a map, to bring the stars near, to view the smallest insects in a microscope, to read history, and witness the revolutions of empires and the succession of generations, to hear of the glory of Simon and Tire, of Babylon and Susan, as of a faded pageant, and to say all these were, and are now nothing, to think that we exist in such a point of time ,and in such a corner of space, to be at once spectators and a part of the moving scene, to watch the return of the seasons, of spring and autumn, to hear--- The stock dove plain amid the forest deep, That drowsy rustles to the sighing gale. ---to traverse desert wilderness, to listen to the dungeon s gloom, or sit in crowded theatres and see life itself mocked, to feel heat and cold, pleasure and pain, right and wrong, truth and falsehood, to study the works of art and refine the sense of beauty to agony, to worship fame and to dream of immortality, to have read Shakespeare and Beloit to the same species as Sir Isaac Newton; to be and to do all this, and then in a moment to be nothing, to have it all snatched from one like a juggler s ball or a phantasmagoria [参考译文] 何为不朽--威廉赫兹里特 我们看到金色的太阳，蔚蓝的天空，广阔的海洋;我们漫步在绿油油的大地之上，做万物的主人;我们俯视令人目炫心悸的悬崖峭壁，远眺鲜花盛开的山谷;我们把地图摊开，任意指点全
北外英语翻译考研专业介绍 作为中国首屈一指的外语类大学，北外自然令有着翻译梦的各位心驰神往。可是你知道吗？北外的英语翻译也分为好几个专业，各有千秋。那么就请大家随北鼎一道，来看看北外英语翻译类的研究生专业都是什么样的吧！ 1.各专业概述 北京外国语大学英语翻译类的专业包括以下五个：英语笔译MTI 、英语口译MTI 、翻译学、英汉同传以及复语同传；分别在英语学院、专用英语学院以及高级翻译学院招生。以下两图分别按照专业和学院对其进行了汇总，后面的数字是2017年的计划招生人数。 ?????? ????????????--??? ???????--???--1530--MA 9--60242040MTI 高翻复语同传高翻）英汉同传（英院翻译学学硕高翻英院英语口译专英英院英语笔译）（翻译硕士按专业???? ? ?????? ?? ?????-----???--601530MA 202440 口译复语同传）同传（高翻英语笔译专英英语口译英语笔译英院按学院2.各专业介绍 （1）翻译理论与实践（英汉同声传译），简称MA ，也就是传说中的北外同传，是北外的王牌专业，培养目标是英汉同声传译应用型人才；属于外国语言学及应用语言学（专业代码050211）二级学科。 （2）翻译理论与实践（X 英汉同传），即复语同传专业，目标是培养译员至少掌握三门语言，并能应用这三门语言从事会议同声传译和其它类型口笔译工作的应用型人才，分俄英汉、法英汉、德英汉、西英汉等方向的复语同声传译；属于外国语言学及应用语言学（专业代码050211）二级学科。 （3）英语笔译翻译硕士，以培养高级英汉笔译实践人才为目标。专用英语学院2016年开设英语笔译专业，和英语学院的英语笔译相比，课程设置兼顾传统，更重视实用文体翻译，满足培养对象及社会的需求。专业代码为055101. （4）英语口译翻译硕士，以培养高级英汉口译实践人才为目标。高翻学院的口译翻译硕士和英汉同传专业虽然一个是专业型，一个是学术型，但课程和培养模式其实差别不大。专业代码为055102 （5）翻译学专业，学术型硕士，该专业培养模式理论与实践并重，毕业去向除了翻译之外，也适合做教师或继续读博深造。专业代码为0502Z2。 3.报考限制和初试科目 复语同传各专业仅限本科对应小语种专业考生报考，其余各专业均无本科专业限制，欢迎跨专业考生报考。 各学院英语口译和英语笔译MTI 的初试科目相同，包括：政治、翻译硕士外语（即二
[00:00.00]Lesson Fourteen [00:02.51]Section One:[00:04.73]Dialogue[00:06.30]Dialogue 1[00:09.61]--I want to fly to Geneva on or about the first.[00:13.06]--I'll just see what there is.[00:14.45]--I want to go economy, and I'd prefer the morning. [00:17.08]--Lufthansa Flight LH 203 leaves at 0920.[00:22.23]--What time do I have to be there? [00:23.98]--The coach leaves for the airport at 0815. [00:28.68]Dialogue 2:00:31.56]--You must have some more chicken.[00:33.04]--No, thanks. I'm supposed to be slimming.[00:35.92]--Can't I tempt you?[00:37.02]--Well, maybe I could manage a very small piece. [00:43.86]Dialogue 3:[00:47.07]--I expect you could do with a cup of tea, couldn't you?[00:49.37]--I'd rather have a cup of coffee, if you don't mind.[00:50.78]--Milk and sugar?[00:52.82]--A milky one without sugar, please. [00:57.52]Dialogue 4:[01:00.97]--What would you like to drink?[01:02.69]--A black coffee for me, please.[01:04.91]--How about something to eat?[01:06.93]--Yes, I'd love a portion of that strawberry tart.[01:09.75]--Right. I'll see if I can catch the waitress's eye. [01:16.98]Dialogue 5:[01:19.20]--Can I take your order, sir?[01:21.45]--Yes. I'd like to try the steak, please. [01:24.56]--And to follow?[01:26.18]--Ice-cream, please. [01:30.62]Dialogue 6:[01:34.67]--Can I help you, madam?[01:38.14]--Is there a bank at this hotel? [01:39.87]--Yes, madam, the International Bank has an office on the ground floor of the hotel.[01:43.50]--Is it open yet?[01:45.04]--Yes, madam, the bank is open from Monday to Friday from 9.30 a.m. tiff 3.00 p.m.[01:49.90]--Thank you. [01:53.63]Dialogue 7:[01:58.00]--Can I still get breakfast in the brasserie? [02:00.16]--Yes, sir, if you hurry you can just make it--breakfast is served until 10.30. [02:05.26]Dialogue 8:[02:07.40]--How soon do I have to leave my room? [02:11.47]--Normally it's by 12 noon on the day of your departure. [02:14.19]--Well, you see, my plane doesn't go till half past five tomorrow afternoon. [02:17.77]--I see. Which room is it, madam?[02:20.09]--Room 577--the name is Browning. [02:22.97]--Ah yes, Mrs. Browning. You may keep the room till 3 p.m. if you wish. [02:26.96]--Oh, that's nice. Thank you very much. [02:31.01]Section Two:[02:34.04]A. Telephone Conversations: [02:37.49]Conversation 1:[02:41.49]Mrs. Henderson has just answered the telephone.[02:43.76]Frank wasn't in so she had to take a message for him.[02:47.63]Listen to the conversation and look at the message she wrote.[02:52.23]Julie: 789 6443. Who's calling, please?[02:57.24]Paul: Paul Clark here. Can I speak to Mr. Henderson, please?[03:00.51]Julie: Sorry, he's out at the moment. Can I take a message? [03:03.61]Paul: Yes, please. Could you tell him that his car will be ready by 6 p.m. on Thursday? [03:08.66]Julie: Yes, of course. I'll do that. What's your number, in case he wants to ring you? [03:13.38]Paul: 2748 double 53.[03:16.26]Julie: (repeating) 2... 7...4, 8... double 5...3. Thank you. Goodbye. [03:24.88]Conversation 2: [03:28.56]Male: 268 7435. Who's calling?[03:32.74]Female: This is Helen Adams. Could I speak to my husband? [03:36.50]Male: Sorry, Mr. Adams is out. Can I take a message?[03:40.16]Female: Could you tell him that my mother is arriving on Thursday? At about 1 p.m.[03:45.31]Male: Right, Mrs. Adams. I'll do that. Where are you, in case he wants to ring you?[03:51.00]Female: I'm not at home. The number here is 773 3298. [03:57.27]Male: (repeating the number) 773 3298. Thank you. Goodbye. [04:04.51]Conversation 3:[04:08.63]Female: 575 4661. Who's calling, please? [04:15.58]Male: This is Mr. Jones from the Daily Star. I'd like to talk to Mr.Henderson.[04:20.21]Female: Sorry, I'm afraid he isn't in. Can I take a message?[04:23.55]Male: Yes... Please tell him that the advertisement will definitely be in Friday's paper. That's Friday, the 13th of thismonth.[04:30.73]Female: Certainly, Mr. Jones. What's the phone number, in case he has forgotten.[04:36.06]Male: My number? (astounded) The number of the Daily Star?[04:40.06]Everyone knows it. (chanting) 123 4567. [04:45.05]Female: (laughing and repeating) 1-2-3 4-5-6-7. Thank you,Mr. Jones.[04:54.66]B. Shopping: [04:59.02]Shopkeeper: Yes, Mrs. Davies? What could we do for you today?[05:02.16]Mrs. Davies: I want to order some foods.[05:03.86]Shopkeeper: Well, I thought that might be the reason you came here, Mrs. Davies. Ha, ha, ha, ha, ha.[05:07.25]Mrs. Davies: But I want rather a lot, so you'll have to deliver it. [05:10.75]Shopkeeper: That's perfectly all right. You just order whatever you like and we'll send it straight round to your house this afternoon.[05:17.15]Mrs. Davies: Right. Well, first of all I want two boxes of baked beans. [05:22.06]Shopkeeper: You mean two tins?[]Mrs. Davies: No, I mean two boxes. Two boxes of tins of baked beans.[05:2]Shopkeeper: But each box contains forty-eight tins. Are you really sure you want so many? I mean, it would take a long time to eat so many.[]Mrs. Davies: Who said anything about eating them? I'm saving them. [05:39.70]Shopkeeper: Saving them?[05:40.77]Mrs. Davies: Yes, for the war.[05:42.23]Shopkeeper: War? Are we going to have a war?[05:44.01]Mrs. Davies: You never know. I'm not taking any chances. I read the papers. You're not going to catch me stuck in the house without a thing to eat.[05:52.13]So put down two boxes of baked beans,will you?[05:56.08]And three boxes of rice,[05:58.58]five boxes of spaghetti and you'd better send me a hundred tins of tomato sauce to go with it. Have you got that?[06:06.58]Shopkeeper: Yes, two boxes of baked beans, three boxes of rice,five boxes of spaghetti and a hundred tins of tomato sauce.[06:13.89]But I'm not sure we have all these things in stock. I mean not that amount.[06:17.76]Mrs. Davies: How soon can you get them, then?[06:]Shopkeeper: Well, within the next few days. I don't suppose you'll be needing them before then, will you?[06:18.51]Mrs. Davies: You never can tell. It's touch and go. I was watching the nice man on the television last night.[06:25.27]You know, the one with the nice teeth. Lovely smile he's got. [06:29.77]And he said, 'Well, you never can tell.' And that set me thinking, you see. [06:35.30]Anyway, you just deliver them as soon as you can. I shan't be going out again after today. [06:41.02]Now ... now what else? Ah yes, tea and sugar.[06:45.91]I'd better have a couple of boxes of each of those.[06:49.17]No ... no make if four of sugar. I've got a sweet tooth. [06:52.94]Shopkeeper: So two boxes of tea and four boxes of sugar. Anything else? [06:56.75]It doesn't sound a very interesting diet. How about half a dozen boxes of tinned fish? [07:02.08]Mrs. Davies: Fish? No, can't stand fish. Oh, but that reminds me,eight boxes of cat food. [0]Shopkeeper: Cat food?[]Mrs. Davies: Yes. Not for me. You don't think I'm going to sit there on my own, do you?[07:18.20]Section Three:[07:20.73]Spot Dictation.[07:22.72]Spot Dictation 1: [07:26.66]A (sailor) once went into (a pub.) in a very dark street in (Liverpool).[07:32.51]He got (very drunk) there and staggered out (around 1 1 p.m.).[07:38.65]Around (midnight), one of his friends found him (on his hands and knees) in the gutter.[07:42.88]"What are you doing (there)?" he inquired. "Vm looking for (my wallet).[07:47.17]I think I lost it in that dark street (down there)," he said.[07:50.82]"Well, if you lost it (in that street), why are you looking for it (here)?" the friend (demanded).[07:55.42]The sailor thought for a moment. Because (the light) is better here," he answered. [08:02.87]Spot Dictation 2:[08:06.50]A famous (855)-year-old (millionaire) once gave a lecture at (an American university).[08:12.51]"Ym going to tell you how to live (a long, healthy life) and how to get (very rich at the same time)," he announced.[08:18.51]"The (secret) is very (simple)." "All you have to do is (avoid bad habits) like (drinking) and (smoking).[08:25.57]But you have to (get up early) every morning, (work) at least (10 hours) a day and (save every) penny, as well," he said.[08:33.27]A young man in (the audience) stood up. "My father did (all those things) and yet he died (a very poor man) at the age of only (39).[08:40.85]How do you (explain that)?" he asked. The millionaire thought (for a moment).