医学考博英语真题及解析整理2003年
part II
31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate
with someone in English.
A.frustrated失败的, 落空的
B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的
C.approved被认可的
D.distracted心烦意乱的
32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all.
A.promised
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,mitted commit oneself to委身于， 专心致志于
C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的
D.converted
33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan.
A.in honor of
B.in search of
C.in place of
D.in favor of
34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio.
A.accomplishment
（PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）
a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘
Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。
B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件
C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人
D.patent
35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer.
A.tailored
B.administrated
C.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用 entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人
D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯
36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy
but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____
A.in circulation流通者;传播者
B.under consideration在考虑之中
C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有
D.at stake危如累卵, 危险
37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind.
A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品
B.diet
C.tasteful
D.edible edible fat食用油脂
38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately.
A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面
B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁
C.put on
D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行
39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers.
A.irregular
B.illiterate
C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的
D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的
40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.
A.denoting指示, 表示 quick pulse often denotes fever.脉搏跳得快常表示发烧。
B.donating
C.relating
D.resorting resort vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取(某种手段等), 常去n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地
resort to the seaside常去海滨resort to all kinds of methods采取一切办法
I'm sorry you have resorted to deception.我很遗憾你竟用欺骗手段。
41.Humans are using up the world’s natural riches at an alarming rate. alarming.使人惊动的, 令人担忧的
A.appalling 令人震惊的, 骇人听闻的
B.appealing 吸引人的, 哀诉似的, 恳求似的
C.alert提防的, 警惕的
D.abnormal
42.Dring water in many areas of the developing world is contaminated with bacteria.
A.purified
B.multiplied 繁殖, 增加;乘multiply 8 by 4以4乘8Efficiency would be -lied several times.效率将提高好几倍。
C.tainted
D.blended blend milk with water用水搀杂牛奶
43.One of the most noticeable features of U.S society is the diversity of its people.
A.liberty
B.democracy
C.vatiety
D.origin
44.The controversy about abortion has been going on in the United States
for mor than twenty years. controversy.n.论争, 辩论, 论战the scientific controversy科学上的论争
be in a controversy with sb. on sth.和某人就某事进行论战
give rise to much controversy引起许多争论
A.resentment n.怨恨, 愤恨
B.consensus n.一致同意, 多数人的意见, 舆论
C.notion n.概念, 观念, 想法, 意见, 打算, 主张, (复数)<美语>小饰物
have a good notion of很懂得have a notion that...认为have no notion of不明白; 完全不懂;没有...的意思[想法]
D.dispute without dispute无争论余地; 的确, 无疑out of dispute无争论余地; 的确, 无疑in dispute在争论中; 尚未解决
45.As human settlement advance ,the tropical forests are retreating
and becoming smaller every year. retreat vi.撤退, 退却n.撤退, 退却glacial retreat【地质】冰川后退
A.retrieving v.重新得到n.找回retrieve... from拯救 ...(免于), (从...)救出
B.sprawling无计划地占用山林农田建造厂房(的)
C.consuming 强烈的
D.withdrawing
46.The war’s impact on the population of the country was catastrophic.
A.influential
B.disastrous
C.apparent
D.criticala critical decision重大的决定critical condition(病的)危险状态; 临界状态critical moment
47.His physican told him that not to take much of the drug because it was very potent.
potent remedy有效的药
A.bitter bitter adj.苦的, 痛苦的, 怀恨的
B.irritant irritantn.刺激物adj.刺激的
C.effective 有效的, 被实施的, 给人深刻印象, 有生力量
D.powerful powerful drug特效药
48.Certain drugs can cause transient side effects ,such as sleepiness.
A.permanent
B.residual.剩余的, 残留的
C.irreversible irreversible cycle不可逆循环irreversible deformation【力】不可回复的变形
D.fleeting飞逝的；短暂的
49.Nervous illness may stem from being treated inconsiderately in childhood.
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,plain of 抱怨, 抗议
B. give rise to引起, 使发生
C.originate in originate from sth.由某事产生[引起]originate in sth.由某事产生[引起]
D.dominate over支配, 占优势
50.Both a person’s heredity and his surroundings help to shape his chacter.
A.form
B.correct
C.modify
D.improve
Part III Cloze(10%)
There were red faces at one of Britain’s biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy ＄100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 51 . The bank lost ＄20,000 on the 52 that it cannot get back because ,for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and , for another, 53 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed ＄20,000 54 . Not bad for a fifteen-yeat-old. It certainly is better than 55 the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found , in his grandfather’s house , a suitcase full of foreign banknotes .The clean, crisp banknotes looked very 56 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy
57 straight to the nearest bank with his pockets filled with notes. The cashers did not realize that the country in 58 had reduced the value
of its currincy by 90%, they exchanged the notes at their face value
at the current exchange rate.In three days, before he was found out,
he took ＄20,000 from nine different banks. 59 ,he had already spend more than half of this on taxi-rides, restraurant meal , concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends( at least he was generous! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the bank shave骗取 60 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost jobs.
51.A.pay off v.还清(债务等)付清, 报复, 赢利 B.pay up v全部付清 C.pay for偿还, 赔偿
D.pay out.付出, 报复
52.A.principle法则, 原则, 原理 B.criterion C.custom
D.deal
53.A.to be B.having been C.being
D.is
54.A.profit B.advantage C.benefit
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,mission
55.A.sending B.transmitting发射，传输C.delivering D.dispatching(迅速地)
派遣; 派出; (火速)发送(信件, 公文等)
56.A.convincing B.valuable C.unusual D.priceless无价的, 极贵重的
57.A.came B.pull C.headed head to向...(方向)前进 D.pushed
58.A.problem B.question C.talk D.saying
59.A.Interestingly B.Unfortunately C.Particularly
D.Amazingly
60.A.kissed goodbye to失掉; 遭受损失 B. got rid of C.lived up to.
实践, 做到 D.made for
Part IV(30%)
Passage 1
In a society where all aspects of our lives are dictated by scientific advances in technology, science is the essence of our existence.Without the vast advances made by chemists ,physicists, biologist , geologist, and other diligent scientists, our standards of living would decline, our flourishing.繁茂的, 繁荣的, 欣欣向荣的, wealthy nation might come to an economic depression, and our people would suffer from disease that could not be cured. As a society we ignorantly take advantage of the amenities令人愉快之事物 provided by science, yet our lives would be altered interminably无止境的without them.
Health care, one of the aspects of our society that separates us from our archaic ancestors, is founded exclusively全部地 on scientific discoveries and advances. Without the caccines created by doctors, disease such as polio小儿麻痹症, , measles麻疹,hepatitis, and the flu would pose a threat to 成为…的威胁our citizens, for although some of these disease may not be deadly, their side effects can be a vast detriment
to an individual affected with the disease.
In addition , science has developed perhaps the most awe-inspiring.
使人畏惧的, vital invention in the history of the world, the computer. Without the presence of this machine,our world could exist, but the convenience brought into life by the computer are unparalleled.
Despite the greatness of present-day innovators and scientists and their revelations新发现,it is requisite to examine the amenities of science that our culture so blatantly disregards明显的忽视. For instance,the light bulb电灯泡,electricity,the telephone, running water, and the automobile are present-day staples主要产品of our
society;however,they were not present until scientists discovered them.
Because of the contribution of scientist, our world is ever metamorphosing变形, 变质, 使变成,and this metamorphosis economically and personally comprise our society, whether our society is cognizant of
认识到 this or not.
61．In the first paragraph the author implies that we____
A.would not survive without science
B.take the amenities of science for granted
C.could have raised the standards of living with science
D.would be free of disease because of scientific advances
62. The author uses health care and vaccines to illustrate ____
A.how science has been developed
B.what science means to society
C.what the nature of science is
D.how disease affects society
63. Nothing , according to the author ,can match the invetion of the cumputer in term of ____
in term of从...方面; 从...角度来讲; 以...为单位; 关于, 在...方面, 就...来说
A.power
B.novelty
C.benefits
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,plexity
64. The author seems to be unhappy about ____
A.people’s ingnorance of their culture
B.people’s ingnoring the amenities of science
C. people’s making no contributions to society
D. people’s misunderstanding of scientific advance.
65.The author’s tone in the passage is ____
A.critieal
B.cognizant
C.appreciative
D.paradoxical 荒谬的a paradoxical speech自相矛盾的演说
passage 2
Biotechnology生物工艺学is expected to bring important advances in medical diagnosis and therpy ,in solving food problems, in energy saving能源节省, in environmentally compatible be compatible with与...相适应，不矛盾industrial and agricultural production, and in specially targeted environmental protection projects环境保护计划.Genetically altered microorganisms can break down制服 a wide range of pollutions by being
used , for example, in bio-filters生物过滤器, 细菌过滤器and wastewater-treatment facilities, and in the clean-up of polluted sites. Genetically altered modified organisms can also alleviate environmental burdens by reducing the need for pestcides, fertilizers, and medications.
Sustainability, as a strategic aim, involves optimizing the interactions between nature, society, and the economy, in according with与...一致, 与...契合(指见解, 观点等) ecological criteria .Political leader and scientist alike face the challenge of recognizing承认interrelationships and interactions between ecological, economic, and social factors and taking account of these factors when seeking solution strategies . To meet this challenge, decision-makers决策者require interdisciplinary approches and strategies that cut across
超出...的界线political lines. Environmental discussion must become more objective, and this includes, especially, debates about the risks or new technologies , which are often ideologically 意识形态的charged. In light of按照，根据，考虑到… the complex issue involved in sustainable development ,we need clearer standards for orienting and assessing our environmental policy.
Sustainable development can succeed only if all areas of the political sector, of society ,and of science accept the concept and work together to implement it.A common basic understanding of environmental ethics is needed to ensure that protection of the natural foundation of life becomes a major consideration in all political and individual action. A dialogue among representatives of all sectors of society is needed if appropriate environmental policies are to be divised and implemented.
66. Biotechology ____
A.can help save enery and integrate industry and agriculture
B.can rid humans of disease and solve food problems
C.can treat pollution and protect environment
D .all of the above
67.Wastewater can be treated ____
A.in genetic engineering
B.by means of biotechology
C.in agriculture as well as industrial
D.without the need for breaking down pollutants
68.When he says approaches and strategies that cut across political lines,the author means that they ____
A.involve ecomic issues
B.observe ecological criteria
C.are politically significant
D.overcome political barriers
69. It can be inferred from the passage that the complexity of sustainable development ____
A.makes it necessary to improve the assessing standards
B.renders enviromental discussion possible
C.charges new technology risks
D.requires simplification
70.The success of sustainable development lies in ____
A.its concept to be
B.good social teamwork
C.appropriate environmental policies
D.the representatives of all sectors of society
passage 3
people from around the world flock to the United States expecting to find a better life.But to scientists surprise,a growing body of evidence indicates that increasing familiarity with U.S culture and society renders给予补偿immigrants and their children for more susceptible to many mental and physical ailments, even if they attain financial success.
The latest study of this phenomenon,directed by epidemiologist William A.Vega of the University of Texas, San Antonio, finds much higher rates of major depression,substance abuse, and other mental disorders in U.S-born Mexican-Americans compared with both recent and long-standing Mexican-Americans.This pattern held有效 regardless of education of income levels.
Vega’s results appear at the same time as the release of a national report on declining physical and mental health in childrin of immigrant families.A panel convened 召集, 集合by the national research council理
事会 and the institute学会 of medicine,both in Washingto,D.C.,reviewed previous studies and concluded that assimilation into a U.S.lifestyle
may undermine the overall全部的, 全面的health of immigrant children much more than being poor does.
In contrast,studies of nonimmigrant U.S. residents usually link poverty to poor physical and mental health.
“The material on immigrant health shocked me when we first reviewed it”,says panel member Arthus M.Kleinman,a psychiatrist at Harvard Medical School in Boston. “Vega’s study is consistent with 和…一致the panel’s conclusion that immigrants’ health deteriorate with assimilation to U.S. society, declining 使…下降toward general US. norms,” says Kleinman. Other studies have indicated that citizens of many countries ,including Mexico, are healthier overall than US citizen.
Vega’s team interviewed采访3012 adults of Mexican origin, ages 18-59 ,living in Fresno County,Calif. Of that number,1810 people identified themselves as immigrants. Interviews were in English or Spanish.Interviewers expressed an interesting in health issues only and tried to minimize any tendency of participants to lie---due to US residency concerns--- about having immigranted.
Nearly one-half of US-born Mexican-Americans had suffered from at least one of 12 psychiatric disorders at some time in their lives,compared with only one-quarter of immigrants. Common mental conditions in US-born individiuals included major depression成年抑郁症,phobias恐怖症 and other anxiety disorders,and substance abuse and dependece.
Prevalence rates for mental disorders were lowest for those who had immigrated within the past 13 years.The high rates found among immigrants of 13 or more years still fell considerably below those for the native-born group.
71.Vega’s group was surprised to find worse physical and mental health in ____
A.both recent and long-standing Mexican-American immigrants
B.the immigrants who received fewer years of education
C.the financially disadvantaged immigrants贫穷的移民
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,-born Mexican-American
72.The scientists found that the immigrants’ declining physical and mental health is linked to ____
A.being reluctant to assimilate into the US lifestyle
B.blending with US culture and society
C.working hard for a better life
D.being poor
73. Vega and Kleinman____
A.are divided over the phenomenon be divided on sth在…上有分歧
B.ascribe the phenomenon to racial discrimination
C.puzzle over the phenomenon
D.seem to see eye to eye on the phenomenon
74. Vega’s team interviewed the immigrants____
A.for their US residency concerns
B.for their identifications
C.for theis health issues
D.all of above
75. Which of the following groups is least susceptible to mental disorders?
A.The US-born Mexican-Americans
B.The immigrants of 13 or more years
C. The immigrants of financial success
D. The immigrants of less than13
Passage 4
Rain is not what it used to be. A new study reveals that much of the precipitation(雨、雪等的)降落; 降水[雨](量) in Europe contains such high levels of dissolved pesticides that it would be illegal to supply it as drinking water.
“Studies in Switzerland have found that rain is laced with混有 toxic levels of atrazine除草剂, regularly exceeded in rain”,says Stephan Muller, a chemist at the Wwiss Federal Institute for Environmental Science and Technlgy in Dubendorf.The chemicals appear to 似乎have evaporated from fields and become part of the clouds.
Both the Europe Union and Switzerland have set a limit of 100 nanograms for any particular pesticide of driking warter. But ,especially in the first minutes of a heavy storm,rain can contain much more than that.
In a study to be published by Muller and his collegue Thomas Bucheli in Anslytical Chemistry this summer,one sample of rainwater contained
almost 4000 nanograms per liter of 2,4- dinitrophinol, a widely used pesticide.Previously,the author had shown that in rain sample taken from 41 storms ,nine contained more than 100 nanograms of atrazine per liter,one of them around 900 nanograms.
In the latest study,the highest concentrations of pesticides turned up in the first rain after a ling dry spell,particalarly when local fields had recently been sprayed,Until now , scientist had assumed that the pesticides only infiltrated groundwater directly from fields. Muller warns that the growing practice of using rainwater that falls onto roofs to recharge再装填 underground water may be adding to be danger.This water often contains dissolved herbicides that had been added to roofing materials, such as bitumen sheets,to prevent vegetation growing.He suggests that the first flush of rain should be diverted into sewers to minimize the pollution of drinking water,which is not usuaslly treated to remove these herbicides and pesticides.
76.According to the Swedish scientist ,the pestcides in rain ____
A.exceed those in crop sprays
B.can be traced back to crop sprays
C.are not as toxic as they used to be
D.are nothing but atrazine and alachlor
77. Muller and Bucheli found that 2,4-dinitrophenol____
A.is widely used in agriculture
B.exceeded atrazine in the rain sample water
C.can be measured in the units of nanograms
D.was far in excess of limit in drinking water
78.Scientists used to hypothesize that ____
A.groundwater was sage for drinking water
B.herbicides and pesticides were harmless
C.pesticides containated groundwater of drinking water
D.rain would minimize the pollution of drinking water
79.Muller warns us not ____
A.not tap groundwarter for drinking water
B.to use such roofing materials as bitumen sheets
C.to let the first flush of rain recharge underground water
D.to divert the flush of rain into sewers without removing its herbicides and pesticides
80.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A.Drinking water
B.Rainwater and underground water
C.Agriculture and pesticides
D.Falling pesticides
Passage 5
Folk wisdom holds that the blind can hear better than people with sight.Scientists have a new reason to believe it.
Reasearch now indicates that blind and sighted people display the same skill at locating a sound’s origin when using both ears ,but some blind people can home in on sounds more accurately than their sighted counterparts when all have one ear blocked.Canadian scientists described the work in the Sept.17 NATUR.
Participants in the study were tested individually in a sound-insulated绝缘的; 隔热的room.They faced 16 small,concealed loudspeakers arrayed in a semicircle a few feet away.With a headrest keeping their head steady,the participants pointed to the perceived origins of the sounds.
The rearchers tested eight blind people,who had been completely sightless from birth of since a very early age.They also tested three nearly blind persons,who had some residual vision at the periphery 外围 of their gaze;seven sighted people wearing blindfolds;and 29 sighted people without blindfolds.All participants were tested beforehand to ensure that their hearing was normal.
When restricted to one-ear,or monaural,listening,four of the eight blind people identified sound sources more accurately than did the sighted people,says study co-author合著者Michel Pare,a neuroscientist at the University of Montreal.The sighted people showed especially poor localization of sounds from the speakers on the side of the blocked ear.
In sighted people who can hear with both ears,“the brain learns to rely on binaural (stereo) cues.These data suggest that blind people haven’t learned that and Keep monaural cues as the dominant cues,”says Eric I.Knudsen,a neurobiologist at Stanford University School Medicine ,“I find it surpring.”
81. one thing is sure that participants in the study ____
A.had normal hearing
B.were born blind
C.wore blind folds
D.were divided into 2 groups
82.Under what conditions, according to Pare,did the blind testees
perform better than their sighted counterparts?
A.when both used one ear
B.when the speakers were concealed
C.when the sounds were turned down
D.when both were restricted to blindfolds
83.Knudsen explained the better hearing on the part of 就…来说the blind in terms of ____
A.cognitive psychology
B.visual images
C.binaural cues
D.monaural cues
84.The Canadian scientists did their test to answer the question whether ____
A.the blind can hears as well as the sighted
B.the blind have hearing capabilities
C.blind people track sounds better
D.folk wisdom is educational
85.What Folk wisdom holds in the passage____
A.was scientifically tested in Canada and US,with different results produced
B.has been scientifically verifed
C.merits further investigation
D.is surprising to everyone
passage 6
“I got cancer in my prostrate.”Detective Andy Sipowicz of the fictional 15th Precinct,a stoic,big bear of a man ,is clearly in a world of极大的 pain in a 1998 episode of NYPD Blue.The story line故事情节 deals not only with cancer but also with medical screw-ups一团糟,hospital indignities轻蔑,and physician arrogance.The malapropism用词错误(Andy,of course,meant “prostate”) is about the only medical detail the show got wrong-and it was deliberate,in keeping with与…一致 Sipowicz’s coarse
粗糙的but tenderhearted character.Television,which can still depict 描写death as an event akin类似的 to fainting,is beginning to try harder
to get its health information right.And a handful of 一把foundations 基金会and consultants咨询者are working to get the attention of writers,producers ,and assorted各种的 Hollywood moguls险要人物,trying to convince them that,in the area of medicine,the truth is as compelling 引人注目的as fiction.
The stakes are high.Surveys show how surprising number of Americans get much of their basic health information not from their doctors,not even from newspapers of news magazines,but from entertainment television.A survey by the federal Centers for Disease and Prevention found that among people who watch soap operas about disease and its prevention from the daytime serials.Some 7 percent actually visited a doctor because of something they viewed.
Certain television shows are naturals for health education. The Clinton Adminstation has been quick so recognize the potency力量 of the entertainment media as a health promoter. Secretary 国务卿Donna Shalala,whose Department of Health and Human Services educates the public through traditional brochures小册子and public service Announcements,has offered TV writers the sources of her department to help them ensure accuracy.“Entertainment television reaches the hearts and minds of millions of Americans,”she told US News.“In recent years,I have challenged 表示置疑television talk-show hosts,writers and producers----as professionals,parents and citizens---to use this incredible power to help Americans get accurate public health information.”
86. The story line “I got cancer in my prostrate”’s intented to achieve a(n ) ____ effect
A.amusing
B.serious
C.puzzling
D.saddening
87.The word malapropism in the first paragraph can be defined as ____
A.an improper scene in a show
B.a significant detail of a story
C.a wrong use of a word
D.an interesting plot
88. we can infer from the passage that ____
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html, show must take into consideration the public health consequences
B.viewers of TV shows can distinguish between fiction and truth
C.the TV staff are conscientiously responsible for the quality of their shows
D.entertainment can be pursued at the cost of accuracy
89. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html, shows are often misleading in medical details
https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,’s role as a health promoter is already recognized
C.Official support is available for TV’s efforts to be scientific and accurate
D.Entertainment is justified in making up absurd stories
90.The autor would be in favor of ____
A.absurd but entertaining TV shows
B.mixing medicine and entertainment
C.medical documentaries on TV
D.a divorce between science and entertainment
2003年博士英语考试作文参考答案
Health begins with breakfast
Most people ignore breakfast and skip it. In fact breakfast is of great importance to guarantee our heath and improve the efficiency of our work and study. So we should have it scientifically.
Breakfast for young children. Small children need adequate protein and calcium, so it is good for them to have measurable milk, egg, and bread for breakfast. They should avoid eating food that is high in sugar in case of decayed teeth and fatness.
Breakfast for teenagers. As adolescence is a vital period of growth, calcium, vitamin C and vitamin A are necessary for adolescents. Furthermore they should be provided with sufficient calories for their mental and physical activities
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2016年全国医学博士英语统一入学考试试卷完整版 注：本答案非旭晨考博网出，完整参考答案请及时关注《2017年旭晨医学考博英语一本通第11版》后续更新，将免费提供。 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing. 30. C. Where there is a will, there is a way. Part II Vocabulary (10%) Section A Directions: In this section all the sentences are incomplete. Four words or phrases, marked A, B, C
医学考博英语翻译习题 An AIDS Mystery Solved (1) About 15 years ago， a well-meaning man donated blood to the Red Cross in Sydney，Australia，not knowing he has been exposed to HIV-1，the virus that causes AIDS. Much later，public-health officials learned that some of the people who got transfusions? containing his blood had become infected with the same virus; presumably they were almost sure to die. But as six years stretched to 10，then to 14，the anxiety of health officials gave way to astonishment. Although two of the recipients have died from other causes，not one of the seven people known to have received transfusions of the man’s contaminated blood has come down with AIDS. More telling still，the donor，a sexually active homosexual，is also healthy. In fact his immune system remains as robust as if he had never tangled with HIV at all. What could explain such unexpected good fortune? (2) A team of Australian scientists has finally solved the mystery. The virus that the donor contracted and then passed on，the team reported last week in the journal Science. contains flaws in its genetic script that appear to have rendered it innocuous?. “Not only have the recipients and the donor not progressed to disease for 15 years，”marvels molecular biologist Nicholas Deacon of Australia’s Macfarlane Burnet Centre for Medical Re-search，“but the prediction is that they never will.”Deacon speculates that this “impotent”HIV may even be a natural inoculant? that protects its carriers against more virulent strains? of the virus，much as infection with cowpox warded off smallpox in 18th-century milkmaids. (3) If this ______ proves right，it will mark a milestone in the battle to contain the late-20th century’s most terrible epidemic. For in addition to explaining why this small group of people infected with HIV has not become sick，the discovery of a viral strain that works like a vaccine would have far-reaching implications. “What these results suggest，”says Dr. Barney Graham of Tennessee’s Vanderbilt University，“is that HIV is vulnerable and that it is possible to stimulate effective immunity against it.” (4) The strain of HIV that popped up? in Sydney intrigues scientists because it contains striking abnormalities in a gene that is believed to stimulate viral duplication. In fact，the virus is missing so much of this particular gene —known as nef，for negative factor —that it is hard to imagine how the gene could perform any useful function. And sure enough，while the Sydney virus retains the ability to infect T cells —white blood cells that are critical to the immune system’s ability to ward off infection —it makes so few copies of itself that the most powerful molecular tools can barely detect its presence. Some of the infected Australians，for example，were found to carry as few as one or two copies of the virus for every 100000 T cells. People with AIDS，by contrast，are burdened with viral loads thousands of times higher. (5) At the very least，the nef gene offers an attractive target for drug developers. If its activity can be blocked，suggests Deacon，researchers might be able to hold the progression of disease at bay，even in people who have developed full-blown AIDS. The need for better AIDS-fighting drugs was underscored last week by the actions of a U.S. Food and Drug Administration advisory panel，which recommended speedy approval of two new AIDS drugs，including the first of a new class of compounds called protease? inhibitors?. Although FDA commissioner David Kessler was quick to praise the new drugs，neither medication can prevent or cure AIDS once it has taken hold.
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear. 29. B. He began reading investment books and then began practicing.
2018年全国医学考博英语试题.d o c
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标 准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不 要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更 正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends.
2018MD 全国医学博士外语统一考试 英语试卷 答题须知 1.请考生首先将自己的姓名、所在考点、准考证号在试卷一答题纸和试卷二标准答题卡上认真填写清楚，并按“考场指令”要求，将准考证号在标准答题卡上划好。 2.试卷一(Paper One)答案和试卷二(Paper Two)答案都作答在标准答题卡上，不要做在试卷上。 3.试卷一答题时必须使用2B铅笔，将所选答案按要求在相应位置涂黑；如要更正，先用橡皮擦干净。书面表达一定要用黑色签字笔或钢笔写在标准答题卡上指定区域。 4.标准答题卡不可折叠，同时答题卡须保持平整干净，以利评分。 5.听力考试只放一遍录音，每道题后有15秒左右的答题时间。 国家医学考试中心
PAPER ONE Part 1 ：Listening comprehension（30%） Section A Directions:In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers, At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said, The question will be read only once, After you hear the question, read the four possible answers marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best answers and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example You will hear Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint. Here C is the right answer. Sample Answer A B C D Now let’s begin with question Number 1. 1. A. About 12 pints B. About 3 pints C. About 4 pints D. About 7 pints 2. A. Take a holiday from work. B. Worry less about work. C. Take some sleeping pills. D. Work harder to forget all her troubles. 3. A. He has no complaints about the doctor. B. He won’t complain anything. C. He is in good condition. D. He couldn’t be worse. 4. A. She is kidding. B. She will get a raise. C. The man will get a raise. D. The man will get a promotion. 5. A. Her daughter likes ball games. B. Her daughter is an exciting child. C. She and her daughter are good friends. D. She and her daughter don’t always understand each other.
2003 part II 31.Sometimes you can get quite _____ when you are trying to communicate with someone in English. A.frustrated失败的, 落空的 B.depressed 沮丧的, 降低的 C.approved被认可的 D.distracted心烦意乱的 32.The company has ____ itself to a policy of equal opportunity for all. A.promised https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,mitted commit oneself to委身于，专心致志于 C.attributed attribute sth. to认为某事物是...的属性; 把某事物归功于; 认为某事物是(某人)创造的 D.converted 33.I haven’t met anyone ____ the new tax plan. A.in honor of B.in search of C.in place of D.in favor of 34.Salk won ____ as the scientist who developed the world’s first effective vaccine against polio. A.accomplishment a girl of many accomplishments多才多艺的姑娘 Among her accomplishments were sewing,cooking,playing the piano and dancing.她的才能包括缝纫、烹调、弹钢琴和跳舞。 B.qualification admission qualification入学资格physical qualifications身体条件 C.eminence win [reach] eminence as an inventor成为卓越的发明家a man of eminence名人 D.patent 35.This software can be ____ to the needs of each customer. A.tailored B.administrated C.entailed vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给entail great expense on sb.使某人承担大笔费用entail ... on sb.使某人负担...把...遗留给某人 D.accustomed be accustomed to习惯于accustom oneself to使自己习惯于; 养成...的习惯 36.The average commercial business can shut down in such an emergemcy but a hospital doesn’t dare, for lives are____ A.in circulation流通者;传播者 B.under consideration在考虑之中 C.on hand在手头, 即将发生, 在场;在手头, 在手边;现有 D.at stake危如累卵, 危险 37.As we need plain, ____food for the body, so we must have serious reading for the mind. A.wholesome卫生的, 有益的, 健康的, 有益健康的wholesome air新鲜空气a wholesome food有益健康的食品 B.diet C.tasteful D.edible edible fat食用油脂 38.He never gave much thought to the additional kilorams he had ____ lately. A.shown up揭露, 露出, 露面 B.piled up 堆积, 积累, 搁浅, 撞毁 C.put on D.taken on披上, 呈现, 具有, 雇用, 承担, 盛气凌人, 接纳, 流行 39.The teacher tried hard to read ____ handwriting in her students’s test papers. A.irregular B.illiterate C.illegible难辨认的, 字迹模糊的illegal .违法的, 不合规定的 D.irrational 无理性的, 失去理性的 40.A coronary disease is the widely-used term____ insufficiency of blood supply to the heart.
2013年全国医学博士外语统一考试英语试题及详解 试卷一（Paper One） Part I Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A Directions: In this section you will hear fifteen short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, you will hear a question about what is said. The question will be read only once. After you hear the question, read the four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET. Listen to the following example. You will hear: Woman: I feel faint. Man: No wonder. You haven’t had a bite all day. Question: What’s the matter with the woman? You will read: A. She is sick. B. She was bitten by an ant. C. She is hungry. D. She spilled her paint.
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题答案 Section I Use of English 1、【答案】B concluded 【解析】题干中，一系列的研究已经_____，事实上，正常体重的人的患病风险要高于超重的人。根据句义，后面的部分实际上是研究的结论，因此concluded符合题意，其他选项denied(否认)与意义相反，doubled(翻倍)与题意较远，ensured(确保)不符合题意，因为研究不能确保后面的事实，只能得出后面的事实作为结论。所以正确答案为B。 2、【答案】A protective 【解析】题干中，对于某些健康情况，超重事实上是有_____。根据前文研究的结论，超重能减少罹患疾病的风险，说明超重具有一定的保护作用。Dangerous和文章意思相反，sufficient表示充足，troublesome表示有麻烦，不符合题意，所以正确答案为A。 （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) 3、【答案】C likewise 【解析】第三句话中，较重的女人患缺钙的比例低于较瘦的女人。_____，在老年人中，一定程度上超重……。需要填入的是和前半句表示顺接的词语。A选项instead表示逆接的句意关系，B选项however也表示逆接，D 选项therefore表示因此，只有C选项likewise意为同样地;也，而且。因此正确答案为C。 4、【答案】A indicator 【解析】本句话中，_____，一定程度上超重，经常是健康的_____。A 选项，表示指示器，指标。B选项objective表示客观;C选项origin表示来源，D选项example表示例子。根据前面的文章内容，已经明确指出超重代表了健康，因此超重是健康的指标。因此正确答案为A。
2016年全国医学博士英语统考真题及答案下 载版 -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
2016年全国医学博士英语统考答案 Listening Comprehension (30%) Section A 1. B. At three next Wednesday. 2. B. A piercing pain. 3. A. He is going to get married. 4. D. She couldn't agree with the man more. 5. A. Jack's girlfriend is mad at him. 6. B. It's wise to be prepared. 7. B. He is a trouble-maker. 8. D. $30 9. C. Work out in the gym. 10. B. 232 11. A. Mary isn't his type. 12. A. Play tennis. 13. C. In the hospital. 14. A. She is seriously ill. 15. B. She makes a living now as a landlady. Section B Dialogue 16. A. A duodenal ulcer. 17. B. Try medical means. 18. A. Overweight. 19. C. He is a heavy smoker. 20. D. Make an appointment with Dr. Oaks. Passage One 21. D. He is the creator of a website on longevity. 22. C. Women develop cardiovascular disease much later than men. 23. B. In their 60s and 70s. 24. D. Iron. 25. C. Another possibility for women's longevity. Passage Two 26. C. He struggled under the strain of poverty. 27. B. He is an investment advisor. 28. D. Fear.
对外经济贸易大学考博英语真题解析Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Thinner isn’t always better.A number of studies have__1___that normal-weight people are in fact at higher risk of some diseases compared to those who are overweight.And there are health conditions for which being overweight is actually___2___.For example,heavier women are less likely to develop calcium deficiency than thin women. ___3___among the elderly,being somewhat overweight is often an ___4___of good health. Of even greater___5___is the fact that obesity turns out to be very difficult to define.It is often defined___6___body mass index, or BMI.BMI___7__body mass divided by the square of height.An adult with a BMI of18to25is often considered to be normal weight.Between 25and30is overweight.And over30is considered obese.Obesity, ___8___,can be divided into moderately obese,severely obese,and very severely obese. （PS:The way to contact yumingkaobo TEL:si ling ling-liu liu ba-liu jiu qi ba QQ:772678537) While such numerical standards seem9,they are not.Obesity is probably less a matter of weight than body fat.Some people with a high BMI are in fact extremely fit,10others with a low BMI may be in poor11.For example,many collegiate and professional football players12as obese,though their percentage body fat is low. Conversely,someone with a small frame may have high body fat but a
国家医学考试中心2005年病理学（博士全国统考题） 一、简答题（20）： 1.肿瘤的定义，肿瘤与反应性增生的区别和联系。 2.乙性脑炎的镜下病理改变。 3.乳头状甲状腺癌的病理特点。 4.列举导致心、肺、肠、脑等坏死的疾病，及坏死类型。 二、论述题（40）： 1.举例五种肉芽肿性疾病，病理特点及具有诊断价值的病理改变。 2.原发性肺结核的病变特点、病理变化过程、预后。 3.病例分析：一个典型的慢性支气管炎--肺气肿--肺心病--合并上呼吸道感染--右心衰的病变过程，病理变化与临床表现的联系。 4.多在半年内可痊愈的肝炎，问其属于哪一型肝炎？结合病理特点，分析为何可在半年内痊愈？ 协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士） 协和医科大学2005年血液内科（博士） 一、名词解释（30分）： APS、WAS、PRCA、HES、ALIP、LGLL、VOD、PV、TPO、MALT 二、填空（？分记不清了） 1.已发现与遗传性出血性毛细血管扩张症相关的基因有（）（）（）（）。 2.WHO将MDS分为（）（）（）（）（）（）（）七类。 3.先天性再生障碍性贫血包括（）（）（）。 4.遗传球主要的分子病变涉及（）（）（）（）。 5.EPO在胚胎期由（）合成，成体则主要由（）合成。 6.WHO关于伴有重现性细胞遗传学异常的AML分类为（）（）（）（）。 7.国际多发性骨髓瘤工作组在MM新的分期标准中采用的两项客观指标为（）（）。 8.国际组织细胞协会将langerhans细胞组织细胞增多症分为单系统疾病和多系统疾病。其中单系统疾病中的单部位型有（）（）（），多部位型有（）（）。 9.诊断幼年型粒单细胞白血病的最低实验室标准有（）（）（）。 10.MYH-9相关性疾病包括（）（）（）（）（）。 11.VitK依赖的凝/抗凝因子包括（）（）（）（）（）（）（）。 12.Gaucher病分为（）（）（），Nieman-Pick病A/B型为（）缺乏所致，C型为（）缺乏所致。 13.Downey将传单患者异型淋巴分为（）（）（）。 14.B淋巴细胞在发育过程中首先表达的免疫球蛋白为（），其次为（）。 15.CD34基因在染色体体定位为（），相应的受体为（）。 16.Hodgdin's病的四种病理亚型为（）（）（）（）。
作文题目：学会呼吸能长寿。 生命离不开呼吸。人每分每秒都在进行呼吸运动，但你却未必呼吸得正确。英国一项研究显示，90%以上的成年人都不会有意识地调节呼吸。而据我国呼吸科专家统计，城市中一半以上人呼吸方式不正确，短浅的呼吸不仅让许多人大脑缺氧，容易疲惫，而且还容易诱发多种疾病！深呼吸的几大好处 那么，做腹式深呼吸有哪些好处呢？首先，深呼吸能防治呼吸系统疾病。常见的呼吸系统疾病包括慢性支气管炎、哮喘、肺气肿等。这些病人的肺部都处于无弹性和扩张状态，影响肺活量。而进行深呼吸，能逐步增大肌肉收缩力，有利于胸、肺的有效扩张，增强肋间肌活力，可以逐步恢复其弹性和肺活量，从而达到治疗和缓解病情的目的。 再次，深呼吸能帮助人们减压，缓解失眠症状。北京体育大学运动医学教授陆一帆表示，当人们主动调节呼吸的深度和频率，就能有效放松绷紧的神经，舒缓焦虑的心情。一些因为压力造成的颈部疼痛，通过瑜伽时的呼吸练习，疼痛感将会减弱。失眠的人也可用呼吸法来帮助入睡。通过降低呼吸节奏、平缓呼吸，能减轻失眠症状。 其次，深呼吸还可防治高血压。这是日本自治医科大学北村谕教授试验的一种深呼吸降血压法，其原理是人的肺部有被称为肺泡的小袋状物，大约有3亿个。在一般呼吸的情况下，只有其中的80％—90％能充分地工作，剩下的肺泡处于浪费状态。如果采用深呼吸，就可以使剩下的肺泡工作起来。当采用胸部深呼吸的时候，位于肺上部的肺泡开放；而在腹式深呼吸时，肺下部的肺泡也打开了。工作中所有的肺泡都在产生前列腺素，而且通过深呼吸还可使原来就在工作的80％—90％的肺泡产生比原来更多的前列腺素。这样，更多的前列腺素进入血管，从而使血管扩张，血压降低。每天早中晚三次，每次10分钟就有效果。 最重要的是，深呼吸能促进健康长寿。美国学者希尔在《从呼吸索取生命力》一文中指出：“有控制地深呼吸练习，可使大脑尽快消除疲劳，可以调节神经系统，使人轻松舒畅。深呼吸之所以有这样大的作用，在于正常人每次吸进与呼出的气体量只有400毫升—500毫升，而做一次最深的呼吸，男性可达到3500毫升，女性可达到2500毫升，相当于通常吸气的8倍，从而使生命获得大量的能源。” 如何学会正确呼吸 怎样才能学会正确呼吸呢？最关键的有两点，陆一帆指出，一是要缓和吸，也就是吸气的时候，要均匀缓慢，尽量深吸，让气体能充满肺泡；二是要用力吐，吐的干净，这样才能将废弃全部排出体外，保障交换的气体多一些。最科学的呼吸方法为：“吸——停（屏气10—20秒钟）——呼”的呼吸形式，可使副交感神经兴奋性增强，也可使肠鸣次数增加，有利于消化吸收，从而有益于健康长寿。 龙村修提倡的呼吸法，则是以深长的腹式呼吸为基础，逐步使肺、肋骨、横膈膜等肌肉群在呼吸时运动到最大幅度，让空气充满肺部的“全体呼吸法”。“刚开始虽要刻意练习，最终目标却是融入生活，各种姿势和动作都结合呼吸法去做。”龙村修表示，如此将更能掌握身体的力量和节奏，提高效率。例如用呼吸法攀登高山时，比较不会出现头痛等高山症状；打高尔夫挥杆能挥得更远。这种呼吸方法，在公车上、走路时、工作间隙，或者对着公园的树都能练习。尤其面对突如其来的负面情境时，呼吸法更能适时调节身心、稳定情绪。
医学考博英语真题题及参考答案答案2006年词汇完型 词汇 31.He ___ the check and deposited it in his account. A.cancelled B.endorsed C.cashedcash a check以支票兑换现款 D.endowed捐赠, 赋予He is endowed with genius他赋有天才。 32.She claimed that she was denied admission to the school ___ her race A.. by virtue of .依靠, 由于 B.in accordance with C.with respect to D.on account of 33.The present is ill.so the secretary will be ___ for him as chairman at the meeting. A..standing up坚持, 经得起, 拥护, 抵抗 https://www.doczj.com/doc/3516312016.html,ing up流行, 发生, 被提出,上升,讨论,出现 C.sitting in参加 D.filling in （PS：育明考博课程咨询方式 扣扣：547.063 .862 TEL：四零零六六八六九七八 有售各院校真题）34The witness was.___ by the judge for failing to answer the question A. sentenced B.threatened C.admonished告诫,劝告,警告,提醒,要求, 催 D.jailed监禁 35.Publicly,they are trying to ___ this latest failure,but in private they are very worried. publicly adv.公然地, 舆论上 A..put off 搪塞, 使分心, 使厌恶, 扔掉, 脱掉, 劝阻