宾语从句的讲解
一．宾语从句的定义
在句中充当宾语的句子是宾语从句。例如：
I hope that I can see you again one day. 我希望有一天我能再见到你。
例句中，动词hope后跟宾语从句，充当hope的宾语，引导词是that。
二．不同引导词引导的宾语从句
（一）由that引导的宾语从句
that引导的宾语从句为陈述句。that只起连接作用，在从句中不做句子的成分，
无实意，所以在口语中常被省略。
例：I told him (that）he was wrong.我告诉他他错了。
试一试：
我希望你明天可以来。______________________________________________
我敢肯定你会通过这个考试。________________________________________
注意：在think, believe, suppose, 等动词引起的宾语从句中，当宾语从句表示否定时，本身不用否定形式，否定需要前置。
例如：我认为你做的不对I don’t think that you are right.
试一试：
They believe. They won’t lose the game. (合成一句)
____________________________________________________________
I think that we will be late. (改为否定句)
_____________________________________________________________
(二) 由if/whether引导的宾语从句
由whether(if)引导的宾语从句，实际上是一般疑问句演变而来的。if/whether在句中的意思是“是否”。而且从句原来的疑问语序要成陈述语序。
例如: I don’t know if/whether he lives here.
例句中，if/whether 引导从句he lives here。（从句原来的疑问式是Does he live here?
变成陈述式，将助动词does去掉，动词保持原有的单三形式lives）
试一试：
Are you a student? (变为陈述式)_________________________________
Does your mother get to work by bus? （变为陈述式）_________________________
Has he finished his homework? （变为陈述式）_________________________________ Did they go to the park yesterday?（变为陈述式）______________________________
I wonder. Will they come to my party? (合成一句：我想知道他们是否会来。)
__________________________________________________
I don’t know. Has he learned English? (合成一句：我不知道他是否学过英语。)
_____________________________________________________
The teacher asks us. Did we finish our homework?( 合成一句：老师问我们是否完成了作业。) ________________________________________________________
注意：
1.只能用whether，不能用if的情况
①在介词的后面
例句：I’m thinking about whether we should go to see the film.
我正在考虑我们是否该去看电影。
I'm interested in whether he likes English．我感兴趣的是他是否喜欢英语。
②与or not连用时
例句：I don’t know whether I have learned this word or not.
我不知道我是否学过这个单词。
③在带to的不定式前
例句：We decided whether to walk there. 我们决定了是否步行去那里。
I don't know whether to go．我不知去否。
2.区别“如果if 和是否if ”
如果if，引导条件状语从句，遵循主将从现等规则；是否if引导宾语从句。
I don’t know if they ___________ (come) tomorrow. If they _______(come)
tomorrow, I will call you.
(三) 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句
特殊疑问词充当引导词时，在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中有一定的含义。同时也要注意从句要从疑问语序变成陈述语序。例如：
Do you know when he will come back? 你知道他明天什么时候回来吗？
例句中，从句when he will come back 为陈述语序，原来的疑问语序是when will he come back?
试一试：
How did you get to school? （变陈述语序）____________________________________ Where has he been? （变陈述语序）____________________________________
I don’t know. What are they looking for?（合成一句）
_________________________________________________________
He asks me. When does the train usually leave? （合成一句）
__________________________________________________________
三．宾语从句的时态
1.主句是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况使用任何时态。
例句：The headmaster hopes that everything goes well.
The headmaster hopes that we will win the game.
I don’t know who came here just now.
I don’t know if he has finished his homework.
2.主句是过去时态，从句须用过去的某种形式。
例句：She was sorry that she hadn’t finished her work on time.
I didn’t know if he had finished his homework.
The headmaster hoped that we would win the game.
注意：当宾语从句表示的是一个客观真理或者事实时，即使主句是过去时，从句也用一般现在时态。
例句：The teacher told his class that light travels faster than sound.
四．宾语从句的语序
前面的用法中已经介绍到了，无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述
语序，即“引导词+主语＋谓语＋……”的句式。
注意一些特殊情况：
1.引导词本身就是主语, 多为what 或who 或whose引导的从句例如：
I wonder who is in the room.（who 在从句中本身就充当主语）
Can you tell me whose book is on the desk? （whose book 在从句中本身就充当主语）
He asked me who helped us. （who 在从句中本身就充当主语）
2. 句型what’s the matter ，what’s the trouble等常被看成陈述语序，不变。
We don’t know what’s the matter with her.
五．宾语从句转化为简单句
1. 由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句，如果主句和从句的主语一致时，可以转化成“特殊疑问词+ to do”。例如：
I don’t know how I can learn English well. → _______________________________
He wonder when he should attend the meeting. → ______________________________
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，decide，wish，choose，agree等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为v. + to do的结构。例如：
Li Ming hopes he will be back ver y soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon.
We decided that we would help him. →____________________________________
3. 当主句的谓语动词是tell, order（命令）等时，如果主句和从句的主语不一致，宾语从句可简化为v.+ sb. to do的结构。例如：
The headmaster ordered that we should start at once. → The headmaster ordered us
to start at once.
My mother told me that I couldn’t go out. → _________________________________
4.动词see, hear, find等词后面的宾语从句可转化为“v+ sb. doing的结构。例如：
Liu Ping found that there was a wallet lying on the ground. → Liu Ping found a
wallet lying on the ground.
I heard that a bird was singing in the tree. → _____________________________
5. 动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化.
It seems that he is unhappy. → He seems to be unhappy.
It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed t o win.
6. 动词find后的宾语从句，也可以转化为简单句
I found that it was difficult to learn English well. →_____________________________
They found that the box was very heavy. →___________________________________
附: 直接引语变间接引语的用法
【概念】
直接引语是指直接引用别人的原话，通常置于引号之内。间接引语是指用自己的话转述别人的话或意思，多用宾语从句的形式来表达。
一．人称变( 一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新)
He said, “I’m good at English.” → He said (that) he was good at English.
The woman said to Jack, “You are a good boy”→The woman told Jack (that) he was a good boy. He said,”Jack is a good student.”→ He said (that) Jack was a good student.
练习：
1. She said, "My brother wants to go with me."→______________________________________
2. The teacher told me,” You are hardworking.”
→________________________________
3. She said. "He will go to see his friend."→__________________________________________
4.The teacher said,” You are hardworking.”→ ________________________________________二．时态变
He said, “I’m good at English.” → He said (that) he was good at English.
Maria said, “ Lily is doing her homework.”→ Maria said that Lily was doing her homework.
She said. "He will go to see his friend."→She said (that) he would go to see his friend.
He told me, “ He saw Mary in the house.” → He told me that he had seen Mary in the house.
The man told us, “ I have been to Beijing.” → The man told us that he had been to Beijing. 总结：一般现在时变成_________________ 现在进行时变成_____________ 现在完成时变成________________ 一般过去时变成______________
一般将来时变成_______________
特殊：真理时态不变
Our teacher told us, “ The earth goes around the sun.” →
_______________________________________________
三．句型变
1. 直接引语是陈述句，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句。(that 可省)
She said, "Our bus will arrive in five minutes." → ___________________________________ 2. 直接引语是一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句.
如：He said, "Can you swim, John?" →__________________________________
3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，间接引语应该改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句（宾语从句必须用陈述句语序）。
She asked me, "When do they have their dinner?"→ She asked me when they had their dinner. 4. 直接引语是祈使句，间接引语应改为：
肯定：tell(ask, order,等) sb. to do sth." 否定：tell(ask, order等) sb. not to do sth.
"Don’t make any noise," she said to the children.
→______________________________________________
"Bring me a cup of tea, please," said she. → __________________________________
附练习：
1. (2004年北京市中考试题)
Miss Green didn’t tell us _______ in 2002.
A. where does she live
B. Where she lives
C. where did she live
D. where she lived
2. (2004年上海市徐汇区中考试题)
Would you please tell me ________?
A. when did he come home
B. where he would play football
C. if he had seen the film
D. why he didn’t watch the game
3. (2004年哈尔滨市中考试题)
I don’t know when __________.
A. will the train leave
B. the train will leave
C. would the train leave
D. the train leave
4. (2004年常州市中考试题)
---W e don’t know _____________.
---It is said that he was born in Sweden.
A. what he is
B. if he lives here
C. where he comes from
D. which country is he from
5. Do you know _______ during the coming summer holiday?
A. what will Tom do
B. what did Tom do
C. what Tom will do
D. what Tom did
6. I want to know_________.
A. what is his name
B. what’s his name
C. that his name is
D. what his name is
7. Jim doesn’t understand ____________.
A. which is the way to the museum
B. why his wife always goes shopping
C. what is the way to the museum
D. why does she always go shopping
8. Mr. King didn’t know _______ yesterday evening.
A. when does his son come home
B. when his son comes home
C. when did his son come home
D. when his son came home
9. Could you tell me _______ the bike this morning?
A. how does he mend
B. how he mends
C. how he mended
D. how did he mend
10. ---Excuse me, would you please tell me ________?
---Certainly. Go stra ight along here. It’s next to a hospital.
A. how we can get to the post office
B. how can we get to the post office
C. how get to the post office
D. how could we get to the post office
11. ---Can I help you?
---Yes. I’d like a ticket to Mount Emei. Can you tell me ______ take to get there?
A. how soon will it
B. how soon it will
C. how long it will
D. how long will it
12. He wanted to know ___________.
A. whether he speaks at the meeting
B. when the meeting would start
C. what he’s going to do at the meeting
D. where would the meeting be held
13. ---Could you tell me _________ the Bamboo Garden?
---The day after tomorrow, I think.
A. when will you visit
B. when you will visit
C. when would you visit
D. when you would visit
14. Would you please tell me _________ next, Mr Wang?
A. what should we do
B. we should do what
C. what we should do
D. should we do what
15. ---Could you tell me ____________?
---Sorry, I don’t know. I was not at the meetin g.
A. what does he say at the meeting
B. what did he say at the meeting
C. what he says at the meeting
D. what he said at the meeting
16. The teacher asked the students __________.
A. if they were interested in dinosaurs
B. when was Albert Einstein born
C. what they will do with the computers
D. how many trees they have planted
17. Did you know how much hot water ________?
A．Mum is needed B．does Mum need C．Mum needed D．did Mum need
18．I didn’t know how ________ to London.
A．would they go B．are they going C．they would go D．they are going
19．Do you know ________?
A．what the news are B．what is the news C．what the news is D．what are the news
20. Please tell me ______ last year.
A. where does your sister work B where did your sister work
C where your sister works
D where your sister worked
21. I don’t know _____ he will come tomorrow. _____ he comes, I’ll tell you.
A. if ; Whether
B. whether; Whether
C. if; That
D. if; If
22. Would you please tell me ______ with Peter? He looks unhappy.
A. what the matter is
B. what’s wrong
C. the wrong is what
D. what wrong it was
23. They want to know ____________ do to help us.
A. what can they
B. what they can
C. how they can
D. how can they
24. He doesn’t know __________ he will stay there or not.
A. whether
B. if
C. that
D. when
25. Linda said the moon_________ round the earth.
A. travelled
B. has travelled
C. travels
D. had travelled
26.She asked me if I knew ______.
A. whose pen is it
B. whose pen it was
C. whose pen it is
D. whose pen was it
27. You must remember ________.
A. what your mother said
B. what did your mother say
C. your mother said what
D. what has your mother said
28. Did you know ____?
A. who he was looking after
B. who was he looking for
C. who he is looking for
D. who he is looking after
29. Did you know _________?
A. who is under the tree
B. who was under the tree
C. who under the tree is
D. who under the tree was
30. Could you tell me ___?
A. when will they leave Beijing
B. when would they leave Beijing
C. when they will leave Beijing
D. when did they leave Beijing
31. Miss Li wants to know _____ next week.
A. when my uncle leaves
B. when will my uncle
C. where my uncle will stay
D. where does my uncle stay
32. Can you tell me when ____?
A. does the ship leave
B. the ship will leave
C. the ship leave
D. will the ship leave
33. Can you tell me which room _____?
A. does he live in
B. does he lives
C. he lives in
D. he lives
34. Did you ask her what ______ outside?
A. was happened to him
B. he had happened
C. he happened
D. had happened to him 将下列句子改成宾语从句
1. “He is an English teacher.” he said.
2. Lucy asked, “Can you pass me the eraser?”
3. She asked, “Do you usually go to school by bike?”
4. The man asked Tom, “Does your mother work in the factory?”
5. Mr Wang wanted to know. When does he get there? (合成一句话)
6. The teacher asked, “Who is on duty today?”
7. She asked, “How many times have you been to Beijing?”
8. The old said to them, “Don’t smoke in the hospital.”
9. My mother said, “ Clean your own room.”
10. Alice asked the woman, “When will the train leave?”